Fig-l. Principle of the Flurescence Polarization Interference Filter Fluorophore Excitation 빼 > TH Lamp (485nm) Blue Polarizer Cuvette fluorophore 가부착

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1 대한임상병리사회지 : 제 21 권제 1 호 1989 Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay 을이용한 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 에대한고찰 연세대학교원주의과대학원주기독병원임상병리과김각현 이미경 이경자 윤갑준 이경원 1. 서론치료적약물농도검사가처음으로실시되기는 192 7년 Wuth가정신질환자를대상으로 bromide 독성에의한증세와원질병의증세를구별하기위해서 bromide의혈중농도를측정하기시작하면서부터이다. 이당시만해도혈중약물농도측정에대한인식이부족하여임상적으로널리이용되지못하였다. 그후 1950년대까지는용매용출및분광광도계법, 가스크로마토그래피등의방법이개발되었으나시간과인력이많이들고검사법이까다로워통상검사로서병원에서채태되기가어려웠다. 따라서이때까지는약의투여용량을중시한전통적약물치료개념에서크게벗어나지않고있었다. 그러나 60년대에들어오면서부터약물이혈중에적절한농도로유지하는것이치료효과를크게좌우한다는사실이알려지자임상의학분야에서치료적약물 본병원에설치된 Abbott 社의 TDx System 은 Fluorescence Polarization의원리를이용하여 Direct Competitive Binding Immunoassay 방법으로혈중약 물농도를정확하고예민하게측정할수있는장바이다. 형광편광면역측정법의원리를크게두가지로나누어생각할수있다. 1) Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay 이방법은 tungsten halogen lamp에서다양한파장의빛이방출되는데이 lamp앞에 interference filter 를장치하여단일파장인 485nm의 (monochromatic) blue light만을통과시킨다. 이빛을다시단일평면상의광으로변환시키기위해서 liquid -crystal polariz er로통과시켜서 plane polarized blue light를만든 다. 이빛을이용하여 tracer 또는 fluorophore에작용시 켜자극상태 (excited state) 로올려놓는다. Excitation 후, fluorophore 은안정상태 (steady state) 로되돌아 농도검사의중요성이점차증대되었다. 70 년대초에 이르러 digoxin 등몇몇약물에한하여검사가시행되 오면서 nm 사이의 energy level 이 green light 를방출시킨다. 서로다른 기시작하였으나임상검사로서정착되지는봇하였다. 만약 fluorophore 이 매우큰항체분자와결합하면 70년대후반부터본격적으로소개된효소면역측정법의개발과고압액체크로마토그래피의이용확대, 그리고 80년대초에소개된형광편극면역측정법의이용등분석기술의발전에힘입어치료약물의농도조절검사로서크게각광을받게되었다. 여기서는본병원에서사용중인형광편극면역측정법 (FPIA) 을이용한혈중약물농도검사장비인 TDx System( 미국 Abbott사 ) 의측정원리와술식그리고주요측정대상약물빛검체처리방법, 본병원에서실시한결과에대한자료를간단히소개하고자한다. II. 본론 분자의크기가커져서용액속에서회전이느려지므로 방출된 green light 는 blue excitataion light 로서동일 한평면에위치하여 pol따킹ation 이유지된다. 반대로 fluorophore 이항체와결합하지않으면분자의크기가작아서용액속에서자유롭게회전할수있어서방출 된 green light 는 blue excitation light 보다는다른 평면상에존재하묘로따라서 polarization도감소한다. 용액속에서 molecules들의회천에대한특성때문에 polarization의정도는분자의크기에직접적으로비례한다. 즉분자의크기가증가할수록 polarization 도중가하게된다. 2) Competitive Binding Immunoassay 1. 형광편광면역측정법의원리 TDx system 은경쟁적 결합면역법을사용하는데 -161-

2 Fig-l. Principle of the Flurescence Polarization Interference Filter Fluorophore Excitation 빼 > TH Lamp (485nm) Blue Polarizer Cuvette fluorophore 가부착된항원과검체속의항원이경쟁적 으로항체분자에있는결합부위와결합한다. 이반응 에서작용물질은제품화된 anti-drug( 항 ~l), 검체속의 Drug( 항원 ), fluorophore 이결합된 Drug( 항원 - 형광 단, tracer) 으로구성된다. 만약, 환자검체속에낮은농도의항원 (Drug) 이 존재할경우경쟁적인반응이 steady state 에도달후 반응물속에는 anti-drug 과 Drug 의결합물보다는 anti-drug 과 fluorophore -Drug ( tracer ) 의결합물이 증가하므로 polarization 도증가된다. 반대로, 한자 검체속에서 Drug 의농도가높으면 φlarization 값은 낮게된다. 각검체의 φlarization 값을구하여이미 좌 7 ~C Anti-D 흉포죠 Anti-D )D 鍵 휠 +( Anti-D ) I >Low concentration 돈호 Anti-D )~ 웬률 ( An 디 -D ) Increase ( 또죠 = Dr 맹 of Serum, * 표죠 = Tracer, C Anti-D ) =Anti 뼈 Y to the Dr 냉 알고있는 calibrators 로작성된 calibration curve 에 의해서 TDx system 자체내에서자동적으로혈중 약물의농도가계산되어나온다. 혈중약물농도를측정하기위한방법으로는형광편극 면역측정법 (FPIA) 외에도여러가지방법이있다. 기타의방법들을간단히소개하고자한다. 3) 기타혈중약물농도검사방법 혈중에는다른여러가지성분이공존하고, 약물 및그대사산물이희석된저농도로함유되어있기 때문에특이성이크고예민도가우수한분석방법이 필요하다. 초기에는검체를전처리과정에서추출, 흡 착, 크로마토그래피등 r 으로분리하고이것을정량하는 비색법을많이사용하였다.(Table-l) (1) 분리분석법 가스크로마토그래피 (GC), 고압액체크로마토그래피 (HPLC), 가스크로마토그래피 - 질량분석법 (GC-MS), 등이있으나임상적인목적으로는 HPLC 가많이쓰이 고있다. 검체의천처리가필요하고비교적고가의 장비를펄요로하며조작이번잡한점이있으나검사 비가다른방법에비해저렴하고대사산물에의한 깐섭이거의없는분석법이다. 또한항우울제의측정 에서처럼약물과대사산물의동시정량이필요한경우 에있어서 HPLC 법은아주우수한검사법이다. (2) 면역측정법 측정하고자하는약물을 hapten 으로항혈청을만들 어항원 - 항체반응을이용한측정법으로서여러가지가 있다. EMIT(Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique) 법, ELISA 법, RIA 법, 침강저지반응을 이용한 Laser Nephelometry 법, FPIA (Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay) 법등이실용화되어임상 검사실에서이용되고있다. 면역측정법은검체의전처 리를요구하지않고, 조작이간편한전용측정장비도 개발되어가장널리보급된방법이다. 그러나여러가 지혈중물질에의한간섭이있고병용약물및약리학 적으로불활성화된약물대사산물과의교차반응을일이 키는단점도있다

3 Tab 비 le- 1. Chromatography Immunoassay Solvent Extraction Spectrophotometry The classification of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 종류검사방법 1) Gas Chromatography 2) Gas Chromatography-Mass Fragmentography 3) High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC ) 1) Radiommunoassay E --, 징 고감도, 휘발성, 조작복잡 측정간섭인자제거시간길다. 고감도, 특이적, 고가 고도의기술필요 복합재제동시분리측정, 고감도 대사물질에의한간섭없음. 2) Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique(Syva, EMIT) 3) Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) 4) Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay(Abbott, TDx) 5) Particle Enhanced Turbidimetric Inhibition Immunoassay(Dupont, PETINIA) 6) Fluorometric Enzyme Immunoassay (Dade, STRA TUS ) 7 ) Substrate Labeled Fluorescence Immunoassay(AMES, SLFIA) Non s 야 ~ific Low sensitivity method 2. FPIA 법을이용한 TDM(Therapeutic Drug Monitoring) 의술식 1) 검사전준비 a. TDx system 뒤면에있는 main power switch 를 ON 한다. b. Display 에 DATE" 와 TIME" 를입력한다. (5 분간 warm-up) c. Buffer dispense cover 를열고 dilution buffer 의량을확인한다. d. Display 에 READY" 가나오면 PRIME" 을 눌러서 2-3 회 pnme 시킨다. e. Indicator lamp 를확인한다. ( 장비가정상인상 태 :5 개의 lamp 에불이켜짐 ) 2) 검체준비 a. Carousel 에 TDx sample cartridge 와 cuvette 를장치한다. b. Sample well 에겸체를 50ul 넣는다. ( 대부분 50ul 이나 Digoxin 은 '300ul) Digoxin 은 centrifuge tube 에제단백시약과혈청을각각 3 OOul 씩 넣고 voltex mixer 로 10 초간혼합후 12000rpm 의 centrifuge 로 90 초동안원심분리 하여상층액을사용한다. c. 해당약물에대한 TDx 시약을 3-5 회천천허 inverting 한후 access door 를열고시약통을 제위치에올려놓는다. d. 준비된 Carousel 를회전축위에가볍게올려 놓는다. e. Access d r 를닫고 RUN" 을누른다. f. Display 에해당약명이나타나는지확인, 흑은 error massage 가나타나면즉시 누르고적절한조치를취한다. STOP" 를 g. 검사가끝나면결과가 print 되고부저가울린 후 DONE-REMOVE RPAK" massage 가 나타나면즉시 STOP" 을누르고 access door 를열고시약통을제거후 carousel 를들어낸 다. PRIME" 을 2-3 회시킨후 power 를끈 다. 3) TDx system 의작동순서 Batch assay 는 access d r 를닫고 RUN" 을누르 는순간부터자동적으로검사가아래의 7 만계로실시 된다. (1) REV 1 PIRETTING: background reading 을위해서희석시약과검체를 cuvette 에분주한다. (2) BLANK READING:Carousel 이회전하면서 cuvette 을 optical path 로이동하여겸체 자체에대한간섭을제거하기위해서 background intensity 를측정한다. (3) REV 2 PIPETTING: 측정시약을검체가 들어있는 cuvette 에분주한다. (4) INCUBATING: 일정한시간동안 37 "C 에서 carousel 를회전시키면서반응한다. (5) FINAL READING:tungsten halogen lamp 에서 plane polarizeù blue light 를방출 -163-

4 하여 cuvette 속의형광단 (fluorophore) 을자극시켜서나타나는형광의 Net Polarization 값을측정하여 background Intensity 와교정하여서최종의약물농도 를 print 한다. (6) DONE-REMOVE RPAK: 검사가모두끝나 면부저가울리면서 DONE-REMOVE RPAK" 가나타난다. 이때 STOP" 을 누르고시약통과 carouse1 를제거한다. (7) READY: 다른항목의약물을검사할준비가 된상태를나타낸다. 3. 주요측정대상약물의종류와검체채취시간및 치료적약물농도의범위 환자의적절한치료를위해약물치료의유용성과 경제성에근거하여현재가장보편적으로많이측정되 고있는약물은다음과같다.(Tab1e-2) Tab1e-2. About the Main Drugs narne and Sarnpling time, Therapeutic range. Classes Drug Sarnpling Time Therapeutic Range Cardioactive Digoxin 8-24 hrs after dose ong / m1 Digitoxin 8-24 hrs after dose 13-25ug /1 Lidocaine hrs after dose ug / ml Antiepileptics Phenobarbital prior to the next do똥 15-40ug /ml (Anti nvu1 잃 nts) Phenytoin 2-4 hrs after IV 10-20ug/m1 Carbamazepine prior to the next dα:;e 4- lqug / m1 Primidone prior to the next dα:;e 5-15mg/1 Valproic acid proir to the next dose ug / m1 An 따 t 디 ia 따 rrythrnics Procainamide 2,12,24 hrs after do 않 mg /1 Quinidine prior to the next do 않 mg / 1 Propranolo1 prior to the next do 않 ug / 1 Bronch 여 ilator Theophylline 4-6 hrs after dα 10-20ug / ml Antibiotics Gentarnicin prior to the next do않 <2.0mg /1 Tobrarnycin prior to the next dose <2.0mg/l Kanamycin prior to the next dose <5.0mg/l Amikacin prior to the next dose <5.0mg/1 Dibekacin prior to the next dose <2.0mg/l Netilrnicin prior to the next do않 <2.0mg /1 Streptomycin prior to the next do않 <5.0mg /1 Chloram:phenico1 prior to the next do 않 <5.0mg/1 Vancomycin 30min after IV mg /1 Antipyretics, Sa1icylate 1 to 3 hrs after dose mg / 1 An 려 g 않 ics Acetarninophen 4 hrs after dose 1Q-20mg /1 Antineoplastics Methotrexate variab1e 24hr:5um이 /1 48hr: 0.5umo1 / 1 Psychoactive Lithium 12hrs after evening dose mmo1 / 1 (Tricyclic Amitriptyline prior to the next dose ug / 1 Antidepres 잃 nts) Desipramine prior to the next do 똥 ug / 1 4. 치료적약물농도검사의기본지표 약물동태학 (Pharmacokinetics) 은시간경과에따른 약물의홉수, 분포, 대사및배설의성질을연구하는 비교척새로운학문이다. 이에대한기초적연구에서 얻어지는청보를근거로약물동태학적원리를환자치 료를위해척용할때이를임상약물동태학 (Clinical Pharmacokinetics) 이라한다. 기초적인약물동태학의 원리를임상에적용시킬때는우선임상약물동태학의 역할에대한올바른인식이필요하다. 투여약물에 대한혈중농도에영향을주는제반변수로서임상척으 -164-

5 섭석며iω로웅용되는중요사항 Parameters) 만간단히 1) 생물학적반감기 중몇가지기본적인지표 ( 소개하고자한다. 흉수가완료된약물의혈중농도가대사및배설과정 을거쳐반으로감소하는데요하는시간을말한다. 생물학적반감기는혈중농도에관계없이일정하다. 2) 항정상태농도 (Steady-state concentration) 약물을반복투여한후일정시간이지나면혈류로 유입된약물농도가평형에달하게되는데이때의 농도를항정상태농도라고한다. 이농도는약물의 효과를판정하는기준으로이용된다. 3) 생물학적반감기와항정상태농도와의관계 약물을연속정맥주사 (continuous IV infusion) 로 투여할때약물의혈중농도는 Fig-3 의곡선과같이 steady -state 상태가될때까지계속증가하게된다. Fig-3. Accumulation of a druy to steady-state during continuous intravenous infusion Cmax, SS 디.Uu띠 b A앙 nu nu nu Cmin, SS 이러한약물농도의상승은투약개시초기에는약물의 투여속도 (administration rate) 가체내소실속도 (elimination rate) 를앞지르기때문에일어나며후반기에는 투여속도와체내소실속도가같아지기때문에일정농 도를계속유지하게된다. 이 steady -state 에도달하는데걸리는시간은약물 의혈중반감기에의해좌우되며최소한투여개시후 반감기의 3-4 배의시간이경과해야한다. 혈중농도의 Time (Hours) 일내변동은투여간격을반감기와같게하면일내최대 혈중농도와일내최소혈중농도의범위가최대농도의 약 50% 가되며, 투여간격을반감기의 1/2로하면약 30% 정도된다. 따라서반감기가 10시간정도인 약물은 1 일 3-4 회투여하는것이바람직하다. 그러나 반웅속도론적수식을사용한약물동태화의지표는 임상환자들의성적을평균하여얻어진것이므로절대 적인것이아니라때에따라서예외가있을수있다. Fig-4. Graphic representation of accumulation to steady-state 딩며h w m nu nu nm tu=2hr s Time (hours) (For this example, the t=2hr, t=4hr, and the dose in administered each half -life, Note that the Cmax, ss is twice the Cmin, ss)

6 4) 혈중약물농도의개체차이 개체간의차이는유전적으로규정된개체차및연 령, 개체의조건변화등에기인한다. 간의약물대사효 소계의활성에개인차가있으며유아와노인은대사기 능이성인과달라차이가있다. 그리고임신, 간질환, 신장질환이있을때혈장단백량의변화가있을때 개체간의차이가발생하게된다. 5) 단백비결합 ( 유리형 ) 약물농도 혈청단백과결합하지않은약물의농도이며결합량 은약물의이온화의정도, 수소결합능에의해규정된 다. 결합되는비율은혈장의온도, ph 빛 alburnin, bilirubin, uric acid, free fatty acid 의농도등생체의 물리화학적조건의변화에의해변동하므로유리형 약물농도를측정하는것이필요한경우가있다. 대개 의경우유리형농도는혈중농도와의비율이약물에 따라다르지만뇌척수액중의농도와일치하는것으로 알려지고있다. 5. 치료적약물농도검사의뢰시주의할점 검체채취의시기가가장중요하다. 일반적으로항정 상태농도에이른후에채취하며, 항정상태에이른 후라도약물농도는시간에따라변화하므로최고치 ( 야 ak concentration) 를검사할것인지최저치 (trough concentration) 를검사할것인지를결정해야한다. (Table-3) Table-3. Guidelines for Timing of Sample Collection. 1. Establish that the patient is at steady-state. 2. Ensure that the absorption and distribution phases are complete. 3. Determine reason for TDM (for all drugs except aminoglycosides). Suspect toxicity- -obtain a peak SDC Suspect therapeutic failure- -obtain a trough SDC* Sus 야 ct noncompliance- -obtain a trough SDC Estimate pharmacokinetic parameter 1 ). Clearance - - -obtain a mean SDC: (1). Anytime after steady-state is reached for IV infusion (2). Halfway between doses for'other prompt-release preparation (3). Just before next dose for sustained preparation 2). Half -life- - -obtain at least a 야 ak and trough 률 SDC : serum drug concentratlon 대부분의약물요법의경우최저치를검사하는것이 의의가있으며, 이때는다음번투약직전에체취하면 된다. 최고치를알아야할경우에는통상복용후 2 시간후에검사하게되는데약물빛투여경로에따라 그시기가다르므로주의해서검체를체취해야한다. 검사의뢰서작성시에는검체채취시간, 마지막복용 시간빛투약용량, 투약경로, 치료시작일, 뱅명등을 반드시기재하여야만이검사후임상약리학적평가 빛환자관리에도움이된다.(Table-4) Table-4. Essentials of Request and Report Forms for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. 1. Patient Specific Information a. Name, address, identification numbers b. Hospital number, outpatient, inpatient, r m nurnber c. Physician, specialty service 2. Patient Characteristics 옷 a. Age(sex, pregnancy, ethnicity) 용용 b. Height, weight c. Allergy 용용 d. Primary disease process e. Organ involvement, especially renal, hepatobiliary, cardiac, gastrointestinal, endocrine -166-

7 f_ Fluid balance g. Laboratory studies, serum albumin and creatinine clearance 3. Specimen Information a. Time of collection b. Nature of s 야 cimen : blood, urine, other body fluid c. Site of collection d. Order of sample, if one of a series e. Type of the container, preservative 옷 f. Time of receipt by laboratory 4. Purpose of Assay and Urgency of Request a. Therapeutic confirmation b. Suspected toxicity c. Drug overdose d. Monitoring active metabolites e. Suspected drug interactions f. Comprehensive pharmacokinetic evaluation & consultation g. absence of therapeutic response 5. Drug Information a. Name of drug to be assayed b. Time of last dose, frequency of prescribed dose, quantity of dose, route of administration c. Concomitant drug therapy 6. Personnel Audit Trail a. Identification of phlebotomist, nurse, clinical pharmacist, laboratory 야 rsonnel Specific needs will differ with drug assayed. 옷 Optional information. 6. 본병원으 I TDM 의현황 본병원에서는 1988 년 12 월부터 FPIA 법을이용한 Abbotte 社의 TDx system 을설치하여치료적약물농 도검사를실시하여오고있다. 우리나라에서는 1979 년 11 월서울대학교병원임상병리과에서 EMIT 법에 의한검사를시작한후지금은천국에 30 여개의병원 에서실시하고있으며앞으로더욱더증가될추셰이 다. 본뱅원의검사규모는아직초보적인만계에있으나 계속적으로증가되고있다 년 12 월부터 1989 년 6 월까지의 TDM 의건수와측정약물의종류및치료 적약물농도에도달하는비율을분석하였다. Fig-5. Ferformed number of therapeutic drug monitoring monthly 홉 Z ,12 89, (Month) -167-

8 그 Phenytoin 觸 Phenobarbital 봅괴 goxin 40.6 % (376) 觸 Th phylline 활렐 TCA (Amitriptylline) 醒 Carbamazepine ic 디 cy 때 y 듣봅컬 S 허메따때 찮認줬 V 빼 a 외때때 lψ 따 pαr 띠이따 ca 때 d i 띠 C 디띠 월별검사건수는증가추세를보이나매달약간의 차이가있다. 89 년 3 월이 179 건, 6 월은 275 건으로 가장많았고, 7 개월간의총검사건수는 925 건이였다. (Fig-5) 측정이의뢰된약물중 anticonvulsant 인 Phenytoin 6) Table-5. 치료척약물농도에도달하는비율. Digoxin Pheny :j:f: Phenobar+ Theophy 옷 Carbama * TCA Total Over the range con. ( 3.6 %) (13.6 %) ( 0.8 %) ( 4.6 %) ( 1.9 %) (30.6 %) ( 8.1 %) Therapeutic range con. (35.1 %) (30.6 %) (39.9 %) (37.9 %) (84.9 %) (44.4) (38.1 %) Under the range con. (61.3 %) (55.9) (59.3 %) (57.5 %) (13.2 %) (25.0) (53.8 %) Total :j:f: : Phenytoin 용 : Theophylline 웃용 : Carbamazepine + : Phenobarbital 웃용 : Tricyclic antidepressants (Amitriptyline ) 치료적약물농도에도달한비융은총 343 건으로 38.1% 이며독성을나타낼수있는약물농도인 over the range. con. 는 73 건으로 8.1% 에해당하고치료 적, 약물농도에밑치지봇하는 under the range con. 는 485 건으로 53.8% 였다. 각 r 약물별로 Therapeutic range 에들어가는 Carbamazepine 이 84.9%, TCA (Amitriptyline) 이 44.4%, Phenobarbital 이 39.9%, Theophy 파 le 이 37.9%, Digoxin 이 35.1%, Phenytoin 이 30.6% 로나타났다.(Table-5) m~ 걸론 혈중약물농도의검사는간편하면서도유용한측정법 의부재로필요성을인정하면서도약물농도측정은 실제로활빌히수행되지훗하였다. 최근에와서정확 하고신속한약물검사법이개발됨에싸라서치료적 약물의혈중농도검사의수요가증가하였다. 그중에서도 FPIA 법은특이성과예민도가우수하 여근래에많은의료기관에서이방법을이용한혈중 약물농도장비인 TDx system 을사용하여환자의 진료에많은도움을제공하게되었다. 본병원의 TDM 의검사는아직초보적언단계에있으나앞으 로천국민의료보험확대실시로 3 차의료기관으로 지정되어보다더양질의진료를환자들에게제공하기 이 376 건으로가장많았고, 그다음은역시 anticonvulsant 인 Phenobarbital 238 건이의뢰되었다.(Fig

9 ~-6H~~~ :l "'f } if-~ii1 ~7} w ~~-3- "-~7-f~ 4. o1 o1 ~,i{)_ }~.9l.li71.Ji:l-oJ1~~ ~ ~/{}.91 ~/{a ~1.li~ ~ -5H o1 ~~ ~ 0 J.!f-.91 ~Jt~J ~ 7JH t:,:!-2 Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory g:_~ Clinical Pharmacokinetic Consultation Service(CPCS)~ "-.i~l, ~ 0 a<5}2 v_..q_o~.;;-t.ljojj~~.. o]o] t'. _g. Bd~oJ]~~ A]..Sl2 v_ 4. -B-J~~%ii ~7{ao1 JAJoJ1 ~/{J<S-}711 %%5-l~ 7{17] ~-6H~~~ o1% ~-;I:-oJ] t:ll~.ill.~.i!-j- ~~~C-1.9} ~/{a t~j t{:j oj] t1l ~ 7] ~~ oj 7» La.91 l -6H 7}.11.. T Sl E... 7 J-~ii1 ~7H <5}711 Sl ~ 4. A Study on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay Kag-Hyun Kim. Mi-Kyung Lee.Kyung-Ja Lee Kap-Jun Yoon. Kyung-Won Lee Dept. of Clinical Pathology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, and Wonju Christian Hospital. Abstract The fluorescence polarization immunoassay described in this report established the specificity of an immunoassay with the speed and convennience of a homogeneous method to offer a precise and reliable procedure without the problems often associated with chromatography, enzyme, radioactivity. The results ot' therapeutic drug monitoring in patients of W onju Christian Hospital from December, 1988 to june, 1989 were summerized as follows. 1. Total number of test requests of therapeutic drug monitoring is 927. [Phenytoin 376(40. 6 %), Phenobarbital 238(25.7 %), Digoxin 1 11 (12.0 %), Theophylline 87(9.4 %), Carbamaz epine 53(5.7 %), TCA(Amitriptylline) 36(3.9 %), Salicylate 13(1.4 %), Valproic acid 1 1(1.2 %) J 2. Tested sample with therapeutic range were 343 cases ( 38.1 %), toxic range (over the range) 73 cases ( 8.1 %), under the range were 485 cases ( 53.8 %). The future prospect of therapeutic drug monitoring by TDx system indicate that the clinical utility of the technique can be increased for a care of good quality. References 1. 7J {)_ -Tt, 7J AJoJ, :TDM(~].li~ ~%i;-.:s:._7j A} ) , t1l ~.91 ~~ 1 /{1, Vol.31, No.4, AJAJ-T,:TDM.i!-J- OJAJ~%~. t:ll~~~~ l/{l, Vol.31, No.4, AJ~~.:TDM E-..:l~.91 7Ht~J-. Vol.31, No.4, W oong ku Lee,: Therapeutic Drug Monioring of Cardiac Drugs. ]. Korean Med. Assoc. Vol. 31, No.4, April, Ho Jin Myung, :Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiepileptic Drugs. ]. Korean Med. Assoc. Vol.31, No.4, April, oj.:rjl...a, 7J {)_ -Tf,: ~j.li_~ ~%ij-.:s:._?j A}, OJ A.} }~,.91 ~T }A}, ~~ %, , JAJ-Tt, %%~J, 7J73%,:2oJo~;;lJ] o}..:lc.}3Ij ~ o]- -~ Metronidazole.91 l5-j~ ~ -*7Jo~i;-..~ /{aojl.j?:l-~ oj..:r. ~PJBdt?i.9l- ~.3i:l-c.l, 8(1):5 1-55, Richard L. Lalonde, Larry M. Baddour,: "Individual Differences" Monograph. Abbott Lab, -169-

10 William J. Taylor, Mary H. diers Caviness,: A Textbook for the clinical application of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Abbott Lab, 3-57, Michael E. Jolley, et al,: Fluorescence Polariz ation Immunoassay I. Monitoring Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in serum and plasma. Clinicla Chemistry, Vol.27, No.7, W.E.Evans, M.Oellerich, C.F. Stewart,: Therapeutic Drung Monitoring Clinicla Guide. Abbott Diagnostics Div John D.Baure,M.D.:Clinical Laboratory Methods. Mosby company, p , Henry JB: Clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. 17th ed Philadelphia, W.B. Sanunders company, p "1'!: 1?:d, 7J~it. 3":~ 0 --J,:-A~%qj~Jill:lJ~ ~A}~ qj?-j-_2_.. _ ~ irj ~'*%*.s_ 7J A} Ad~. qj ~od?-j-l:lj c-j ~~ Al, Vol.4, No.2, Boguslaski RC, Burd JF: Analytical methods for therapeutic drug monitoring. Am J Med Tech 49(8) :551, 1983: 16. P.D.Walson, R.Edwards, S.Cox, :Neonatal Therapeutic Drug Monitoring-Its Clinical Relevance. TDM News, No.8,

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