Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Sep;21(3): Effecti

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Sep;21(3): Effecti"

Transcription

1 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block for the Patient with a Single Level Lumbar Spinal Stenosis who is on the Operation Schedule Dae Ho Ha, M.D., Dae Moo Shim, M.D., Yu Mi Kim, M.D., Sung Kyun Oh, M.D., Chang Su Kim, M.D.*, Sang Yul Kim, M.D. J Korean Soc Spine Surg 2014 Sep;21(3): Originally published online September 30, 2014; Korean Society of Spine Surgery Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine #7-206, 3rd ST. Sinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Incheon, , Korea Tel: Fax: Copyright 2014 Korean Society of Spine Surgery pissn eissn The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Sep;21(3): Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block for the Patient with a Single Level Lumbar Spinal Stenosis who is on the Operation Schedule Dae Ho Ha, M.D., Dae Moo Shim, M.D., Yu Mi Kim, M.D., Sung Kyun Oh, M.D., Chang Su Kim, M.D.*, Sang Yul Kim, M.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital Iksan Korea Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine,Kosin University Hospital Korea* Study Design: Retrospective study. Objectives: We reported the therapeutic usefulness of a selective nerve root block (SNRB) for patients with a single level spinal stenosis. Summary of Literature Review: Selective nerve root block for the radiculopathy due to lumbar disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis have been reported frequently. Materials and methods: We retrospectively examined 44 patients with single-level spinal stenosis, for whom surgical treatment was considered due to the failure of other conservative treatments from January 2005 to January All 44 patients were admitted for surgical decompression. Selective nerve root block was done just before a final decision of surgical procedure; patients with his or her 50 % or more pain reduction could avoid surgery. Results: In fourty-four cases, twenty-seven pateints underwent a surgical operation. Seventeen patients avoided surgical procedures by successful SNRB. As a result of a 3 year follow-up, the VAS score was significantly and continuously low on the operation group (p=0.02~0.03). K-ODI and Roland-Morris Disability scores were low in both groups until 1 year after the operation and SNRB procedure (p=0.026~0.042, p=0.03), but there was no statistically significant difference beteween the two groups after 2 years upon followup (p=0.072~0.14, p=0.06). Generally, the operation group had good results until 1 year after operation and had better tendency for improvement. The data displayed a high probability of surgical treatment among the patients with foraminal stenosis (p=0.039) highlight this sentence says there is no difference after 1 year and there is still no difference after 2 years. If this is true, the sentence needs to be rewritten so that it says both times show no difference. If there is a difference between 1 year and 2 year then the sentence needs to be rewritten to make this more clear. The next sentence seems to say they are different. Conclusions: Selective nerve root block avoided the surgical intervention in 39% of the patients with the spinal stenosis refractory to the conservative treatment. Thus it is one of options for the refractory spinal stenosis. Key Words: Spinal stenosis, Root block, Foraminal stenosis 서론 척추관협착증은추간판탈출증과함께하지방사통을동반한요천추신경근증을유발하는대표적인질환으로이에대한진단및치료에선택적신경근차단술이시행되고있다. 선택적신경근차단술은 1971 년 MacNab 1) 에의해처음소개된후요추병변으로인한방사통을호전시키며, 다발성병변의치료방법이나수술부위의결정및술후결과의예측에도움을주는것으로보고되고있다. 2-6) 아직까지선택적신경근차단술의단기적, 또 Received: June 18, 2013 Revised: June 24, 2013 Accepted: August 11, 2014 Published Online: September 30, 2014 Corresponding author: Yu Mi Kim, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, 1142 Sanbon-dong, Gunpo, Gyeonggi-do, Korea TEL: , FAX: castkim@daum.net This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. * 이논문은 2013 학년도원광대학교의교비지원에의해서수행됨. Copyright 2014 Korean Society of Spine Surgery 109

3 Dae Ho Ha et al Volume 21 Number 3 September 2014 는장기적효과에대해논란의여지가있지만하지방사통을동반한급, 만성요통환자의보존적치료의한방법으로좋은결과들이보고되고있다. 7-10) 기존의보고들은척추전방전위증, 추간판탈출증, 협착증등다양한질환을대상으로분석하여방사통에대한신경근차단술의효과에초점을맞추어왔다. 11) 또한수술이예정된협착증에서신경근차단술의효과를보고한논문 1예 12) 가있었으나, 단분절과다분절모두를대상으로하였고, 마취나수술의위험성이높은환자를대상으로하였기에협착증고유의병리현상에신경근차단술이얼마나효과가있는지에대한판단이어려울것으로사료되었다. 이에저자들은수술이예정된단분절의척추관협착증환자에있어서수술준비과정중선택적신경근차단술을시행하여그효과및수술의필요성을감소시킬수있는가에대해연구하였다. 대상및방법 연구대상 2005 년 1월부터 2010 년 1월까지 5년동안본원에서단분절척추관협착증으로진단받고수술적치료의적응증에부합된환자중최소 2년이상추시가가능했던환자 44명을대상으로후향적인평가를하였다. 수술적치료의적응증이란증상및방사선소견을통해단분절척추관협착증으로진단받은환자중방사선소견과임상증상이일치하며, 2~3개월간의물리치료, 약물치료등보존적치료에반응을하지않아지속적인통증이나불편감을호소하는경우로결정하였다. 이중에외상이나마미증후군, 진행성의신경마비증상이나운동손실을보이는경우, 감염의가능성이보이거나스테로이드에과민한반응을보이는경우, 환자가신경근차단술을원치않고바로수술한경우나, 척추전방전위증, 척추분리증, 분절불안정성, 추간판탈출증이동반한경우, 기존요추부수술력이있는경우를제외하였다. 또한최종추시시타병원에서선택적신경근차단술을시행받은경우나한방치료를병행한경우와같이결과에영향을줄수있는경우도제외하였다. 남자가 9예, 여자가 35예이었으며, 평균연령은 64.1(40~79) 세였고, 60대이상이 31예 (70.5%) 로가장많았으며, 다음으로 50대가 7예 (15.9%), 40대가 6예 (13.6%) 였다. 신경근차단술은입원치료를기본으로하였으며, 일주일에 3 회까지시행였으며, 13, 14) 증상호전이 50% 이상일경우수술적치료를권하지않았으며, 4회의차단술후에도증상호전이없거나만족을못하는경우, 호전이되었으나퇴원하여재발한경우에수술적치료를시행하였다. 증상발현후신경근차단술까지의기간은평균 5.2(2-73) 개월이었으며, 평균추시기간은 34.6(15-74) 개월이었다. 증상및방사선적분류초진시호소하였던증상에따라요통및엉치통증, 하지방사통, 감각저하및저린감, 하지무력감, 파행으로분류하였다. 대부분의환자 (40예, 90.4%) 에서하지방사통을호소하였으며, 요통및엉치통증을동반한경우가 38예 (86.3%) 로두번째로빈도가많은주증상이었으며, 감각저하및저린감 10예, 하지무력감 5예, 파행 2예로주증상을호소하였다. 입원시시행한자기공명영상검사소견에따라주된병변부위를중심성척수관협착증과외측함요부협착, 추간공협착으로분류하였다. 중심성협착증이주된병변인경우가 9예, 외측함요부협착이주된병변인경우가 27예, 추간공협착이주된병변인경우가 8예였다. 시술방법선택적척추신경근차단술을시행하기전에환자의과거력및현재의병력을문진하고, 하지방사통, 감각이상및파행등의주관적증상과, 하지직거상검사, Lasegue a 검사, 활줄 (bowstring) 검사, 감각, 근력및건반사등의이학적검사를통해병변 (b - 의위치및동통의정도를파악하였고, 단순방사선촬영과컴퓨터단층촬영이나자기공명영상촬영등을참고하여병변부위라고생각되는척추신경근에차단술을시행하였다. 한번에한신경근의차단술을시행함을원칙으로하였으나증상이양측에있을때에는양측을동시에시행하기도하였다. 척추신경근차단술은후방도달법을사용하여, 방사선테이블위에환자를복와위로눕게한뒤, 국소마취를시행한후, 방사선투시하에 22 gauge 의척추바늘을사용하여, 요추극돌기의상연으로부터외측방으로약 4 cm 떨어진곳에서척추체의외측면과횡돌기의하연이만나는부위를향하여, 시상면에서미측방향으로 30도에서 45도사이의각도로삽입하였으며, 바늘끝이횡돌기의하연을지나도록하여추간공의입구로삽입하였다. 그러나, 제 1 천골신경근차단의경우는천골의해부학적구조때문에바늘을미측으로약 10도에서 15도사이의각도로제 1 천골공을향하여서서히삽입하여제 1 천골신경에도달하게한다. 바늘끝이신경근을자극하면환자는특징적으로하지에예리한방사통이나저린감을호소하게되는데, 이때약 0.5 ml의수용성조영제 (telebrix) 를주입하여신경근의주행을확인한후 0.5 ml의덱사메타죤과 0.5 ml의리도케인을혼합하여주입하였다. 차단술후결과판정모든환자는입원상태에서수술준비과정중에신경근차단술을시행받았고시술후약 3시간의침상안정과이상유무를 110

4 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block 확인한후에환자와의면담을통해통증의감소의정도를기록 하였다. 통증의감소정도는 VAS (Visual analogue scale) 점수를 이용하여, 환자가전혀통증을느끼지못하는경우를 0 점, 참을 수없는통증을느끼는경우를 10 점으로측정자의눈금을환자 가스스로표시하여정량화하였다. 초기통증의정도를 100% 로고정하여신경근차단술후정 기적인추시와최종추시의통증의감소정도를평가하였으며, 50% 이하의통증감소를의미가있는것으로판정하였다. 하부 요추부기능적평가는한국어판 Oswestry Disability Idex, Low back outcome score (K-ODI), Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (LBOS) 를이용하였다. K-ODI 와 LBOS 는추시관찰 중외래에서검사하는것을원칙으로하였고, RMDQ 는전화면 담을통해조사하였다. 추시관찰은퇴원후 1 개월, 6 개월, 1 년, 2 년, 3 년에시행하였 으며, 외래면담을원칙으로하였고, 불가능한경우는전화설문 을통해시행하였다. 추시중증상호전이없었던환자는수술적 치료를시행하였다. 수술을시행한군에서도퇴원후 1 개월, 6 개 월, 1 년, 2 년, 3 년에외래상담이나전화상담을시행하였다. 신경 근차단술을시행한환자와수술적치료를받은환자군을나누 어두그룹사이의나이분포, 성별분포를비교하였고 (Table 1), Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of the SNRB Group and the Surgery Group Surgery due to failure to SNRB SNRB alone Patient number Recurrent after improve 24 without any effect 3 Mean age(years) Male 6 3 Female Unemployed Part Time Job 6 5 Full time Job 8 1 BMI(Kg/m 2 ) F/U Duration(month) 5.13(1-72) 8.34(3-36) Level L2/3 0 2 L3/4 3 1 L4/ L5/S1 3 8 각그룹사이연령이나성별, 비만도, 이환기간에유의한차이를 보이지않았다. 임상적결과는 VAS Score, K-ODI, Low Back Outcome Score, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnarie 의평 균값을독립표본 t- 검증법을이용하여두군간비교분석하였고 병변부위분석은카이제곱검정을시행하였다. 결과 신경근차단술의시행경과 최종추시시수술예정환자 44 예중 27 예 (61.4%) 가본원및 타병원에서수술적치료를시행하였으며, 17 예 (38.6%) 에서는 수술적치료를시행하지않았다. 수술을시행한 27 예중 3 예에 서차단술도중 ( 입원 7 일이내 ) 증상호전이없어수술을시행하 였고, 24 예는차단술후증상호전있어퇴원하였다가, 증상이재 발하여수술적치료를시행하였다. 차단술도중수술적치료를 받은환자는 46 세환자분과 54 세의환자였다. 24 예중 19 예에서 본원에서수술적치료를시행하였으며, 퇴원후증상이재발하 기까지의평균기간은 10.3 일 (7~60) 이었으며, 차단술후퇴원 일부터수술까지평균기간은 18.7 일 (13-70) 이었다. 60 대이상 의환자 31 예중 20 예 (64.5%) 에서수술을시행하였고, 50 대환 자 (50~59 세 ) 7 예중 5 예 (58.8%) 에서수술을시행하였으며, 40 대 환자 (45~49 세 ) 6 예중 2 예 (33.3%) 에서수술을시행하였다. 이환 기간이 6 개월이내인 26 예중 15 예 (57.6%), 6 개월이상인 18 예 중 11 예 (61.1%) 에서수술적치료를시행하였다. 이환기간에따 른수술적치료여부는임상적의의가없었다 (p>0.05). 방사통이주증상이었던환자중수술적치료를받은경우는 25 예 (62%) 이며, 요통및엉치통증의경우 25 예 (65%) 였으며, 감 각저하나저린감 6(60%) 예, 하지무력감 3 예 (60%), 파행 2 예 (100%) 였다. 거의대부분이분류중 2 개이상의증상을가지고 있었으며, 증상에따른수술적치료의상관성은없었다. 자기공명영상에서중심부협착증이주된병변으로분류된 환자중수술을시행한환자는 4 예 (44.4%) 였으며, 외측함요부 협착이주된병변인환자의경우 15 예 (55.6%), 추간공협착이 Table 2. Anatomical location of stenosis with relation to the method of treatment Method of treatment Anatomical location of stenosis central lateral foraminal total SNRB OP Total p=

5 Dae Ho Ha et al Volume 21 Number 3 September 2014 Table 3. Changes of VAS Over Time in SNRB Group and Surgery Group VAS score* OP group Non-OP group preop 8.1± ± postop 1mon 2.7± ± postop 6mon 2.4±2 5.3± postop 1year 4.2± ± postop 2 year 4.5± ± postop 3 year 4.2± ± *: Visual Analog Scale. Table 5. Changes of Low Back Outcome Score Over Time in SNRB Group and Surgery Group Low Back Outcome score OP group Non-OP group preop 27.3± ± postop 1mon ± postop 6mon postop 1year postop 2 year 42.6± ± postop 3 year 40.7± ± Table 4. Changes of ODI Over Time in SNRB Group and Surgery Group ODI score* OP group Non-OP group preop 42.5± ± postop 1mon 25.3± ± postop 6mon 26.6± ± postop 1year 30.2± ± postop 2 year 31.5± ± postop 3 year 33.4± ± *: Oswestry Disability Idex 주된병변인경우 8예 (100%) 에서수술을시행받았다. 중심부나외측함요부협착에비해추간공협착이주병변인경우신경근차단술의효과가적어전예에서수술적치료를시행하였다 (Table 2). 통증및기능적평가 VAS score 는수술을시행하지않은군에서평균 7.5±0.8 에서추시 1개월은 4.8±2, 추시 6개월은 5.3±1.8, 추시 1년은 6.7 ±0.8, 추시 2년은 6.5±0.7, 추시 3년은 6.6±0.8 으로향상되었다 (Table 3). 수술한군에서수술전평균 8.1±0.5 에서추시 1개월 2.7±1.2, 추시 6개월 2.4±2, 추시 1년 4.2±1.1 추시 2년 4.5 ±0.9, 추시 3년 4.2±0.6 점으로향상된결과를보여수술군이수술을시행하지않은군보다 3년간의추시에서유의한동통의감소효과를보였다 (p<0.05). K-ODI 또한술후 1개월에차단술군에서약 11.8%, 수술적치료군에서는약 40% 의호전소견을보여수술군에서유의한증상호전이있었다. 수술 1년까지는이러한현상이확인되었다, 그러나술후 2년이후에는수술군에서다소양호한경향이있었 Table 6. Changes of Score of Roland- Morris Disability Questionnaire Over Time in SNRB Group and Surgery Group 으나통계적으로경계적유의성이있었다. 술후 3 년에서는차단 술군에서 36.7±3.4 이며, 수술적치료군에서 33.4±4.2 로두군 사이에유의한차이가없었다 (Table 4). Low Back Outcome Score 상에서차단술군에서시행전 27.1 ±2.6 에서 1 개월, 6 개월상에서 37.3±1.2, 36.4±1.5 로호전되 었다. 그이후에도수술군에서차단술군에비해양호하게호 전되는경향은있었으나통계적으로경계적유의성이있었다 (p>0.05)(table 5). Roland-Morris Disability Qustionnaire 를이용한설문결과, 술후 1 년에수술군은 23.4 점에서 9.8 점, 차단술군에서도 22.3 점에서 15.5 점으로호전되었으며, 수술군에서저명하게감소 되었다 (p=0.03). 술후 2,3 년에는차단술군에비해수술군에서 양호한경향이있었으나통계적으로경계적유의성이있었다 (p=0.06)(table 6). 고찰 R.M Disability Ques. OP group Non-OP group preop PostOP 1year PostOP 2year PostOP 3year *: Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. 노인인구의증가에따라신경의압박으로인해요통및파행, 하지방사통을호소하는척추관협착증환자가증가하고있다. Johnsson 등 15) 은협착증환자에서 4 년간자연경과를관찰한결 112

6 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block 과 70% 환자에서증상의변화가없었으며 15% 에서는증상의호전을보였고, 15% 환자에서증상이악화되었다고보고하여이에대해보존적치료의필요성이대두되었다. 척추관협착증에서보존적치료의적응증은아직까지정확하게규정되어있지않으며대부분에서증상이경하거나중등도인경우, 전신상태가불량하여수술이불가능한경우, 수술을거부하는경우에보존적치료를시행하고있다. Macnab 1) 이선택적신경근차단술을소개한이후많은저자들에의해진단및치료목적으로신경근차단술의유용성이보고되고있다. 16, 17) Reiw등 18) 은하지방사통으로수술적치료가필요했던 55명의환자를대상으로선택적신경근차단술을시행하여 29명 (52.7%) 에서수술을피할수있다고보고하였고, Arnhoff 등 19) 은이전에수술을받았던환자나다른치료방법으로반응이없는만성요통화자의대부분에서신경근차단술의결과가양호한것으로보고하였다. 추간판탈출증과는달리척추관협착증은골극의형성, 황색인대의비후, 후관절의비후척추전방전위증등기존병리가저절로호전될가능성이적다. 그래서시술후장기적결과가순수한추간판탈출증에서보다좋지않을가능성이높다는보고가있으며, 20) Ng 등 21) 은단분절신경이상을가지는추간판탈출증 55예와척추관협착증 62예를통한비교에서 VAS 점수는추간판탈출증에서보다좋은결과를보였으나통계학적인차이는없었다고하였다. 본저자는 2008 년수술예정환자에서의요추수술예정환자를대상으로한신경근차단술효과에대해보고하였는데, 11) 척추관협착증의환자군에서수술적치료보다는신경근차단술만을시행한경우가많았으며, 그와비교해추간판탈출증의환자에서는차단술에비해수술적치료가더많았음을볼수있다. 그러나아직수술이예정된단분절척추관협착증환자만을대상으로선택적신경근차단술의임상적효과및수술이필요한환자에서수술의필요성을감소시킬수있는지에대한연구는부족한실정이다. 국내에서는이등 12) 이수술적치료가필요한척추관협착증에서선택적신경근차단술의치료효과를보고하기는하였으나, 다분절협착증도포함하였고, 마취및수술의위험성이높아수술을하지못하는환자를대상으로하여본연구와는차이점이있다. 척추협착증환자에대해입원치료를시행과동시에신경근차단술을시행함으로서, 증상의원인이되는협착부위를확인하였다. 원인부위를확인후증상의유의한호전이없을경우수술적치료를시행하는것을원칙으로하였으나, 환자가수술적치료를원치않거나, 수술을시행하지못하는사회, 경제적상황일경우차단술및보존적치료 ( 약물, 물리치료, 운동치료 ) 를시행하였다. Laban 등 22) 에의하면젊은환자에서척추관협착증의발생율은약 9.6% 정도의발병률이있으며, 나이에따라성비가변화될수있음을발표하였다. 고령의환자에서는여자의비율이높지만젊은환자군에서는남자의비율도여자와비슷하다고하였다. 본연구에서 50대미만의환자수가 13% 정도로높은편이며, 이들에게시행한선택적신경근차단술후비교적증상이재발하는빈도가적은것으로사료되었다. 본연구결과 44명의환자중 17명의환자는수술적치료를피할수있었다. 하지만선택적신경근차단술을받은대부분의환자가추시중약물치료및물리치료를병행하고있었다. 따라서이러한결과가선택적신경근차단술만에의한결과로평가하기엔한계가있을것이다. 또한치료에대한평가가대부분환자의주관적인만족도평가에치우쳐있기때문에수술적치료와신경근차단술비교시장기추시상통증감소에있어서는유의한차이를보여수술적치료가우수한결과를보인반면, 기능적지표에대한효과는수술과신경차단술간의유의한차이를보이지않았다. 결론 첫째, 수술이예정된단분절척추관협착증환자에서수술준비과정중선택적신경근차단술을시행하여 17예 (38.6%) 에서수술적치료를시행하지않았으며, 수술을시행한 27예의환자중 24예 (54.5%) 에서차단술시행후증상호전이있어퇴원하였다가추후재발하여수술적치료를시행하였다. 단기적으로약 93% 에서증상호전이있으며, 38% 에서는장기적으로도수술을피할수있었다. 둘째, 자기공명영상검사상, 추간공협착이주된병변인 8예중모두에서수술적치료를시행받았다. 추간공협착증이주된병변인경우신경근차단술의효과가적어수술적치료를피할수없었다. 셋째, 수술군과차단술군간의장기추시상의기능적인측면과환자의만족도는경계적유의성만을보였으나, 통증의경감정도는장기추시상에서수술적치료군에서더유의한효과가있었다. REFERENCES 1. MacNab I. Negative disc exploration An analysis of the causes of nerve-root involvement in sixty-eight patients. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American). 1971;53: Dooley J, McBroom R, Taguchi T, Macnab I. Nerve 113

7 Dae Ho Ha et al Volume 21 Number 3 September 2014 root infiltration in the diagnosis of radicular pain. Spine. 1988;13: Green L. Dexamethasone in the management of symptoms due to herniated lumbar disc. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1975;38: Herron LD. Selective nerve root block in patient selection for lumbar surgery: surgical results. Journal of spinal disorders & techniques. 1989;2: Howe J, Frymoyer JW. The effects of questionnaire design on the determination of end results in lumbar spinal surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1985;10: Lindahl O, Rexed B. Histologic changes in spinal nerve roots of operated cases of sciatica. Acta orthopaedica. 1951;20: Berman AT, Garbarino Jr JL, Fisher SM, Bosacco SJ. The effects of epidural injection of local anesthetics and corticosteroids on patients with lumbosciatic pain. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 1984;188: BROWN FW. Management of diskogenic pain using epidural and intrathecal steroids. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 1977;129: Crock H. Normal and pathological anatomy of the lumbar spinal nerve root canals. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery- British Volume. 1981;63: Delaney TJ, Rowlingson JC, Carron H, Butler A. Epidural steroid effects on nerves and meninges. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 1980;59: Shim DM, Park JY, Yang JH, Choi BS. Effectiveness of selective nerve root block on the need for surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association. 2008;43: Lee KH, Chung CW, Moon CW, Yoo JM, Choi JK, Kim YS. Selective Spinal Nerve Block for the Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis that indicated Operation. Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association. 2005;40: Huston CW, Slipman CW, Garvin C. Complications and side effects of cervical and lumbosacral selective nerve root injections. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2005;86: Abdi S, Datta S, Lucas LF. Role of epidural steroids in the management of chronic spinal pain: a systematic review of effectiveness and complications. Pain physician. 2005;8: Johnsson KE, Rosén I, Udén A. The natural course of lumbar spinal stenosis. Acta orthopaedica. 1993;64: Kikuchi S, Hasue M, Nishiyama K, Ito T. Anatomic and clinical studies of radicular symptoms. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1984;9: Tajima T, Furukawa K, Kuramochi E. Selective lumbosacral radiculography and block. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1980;5: RiewKD, Yin Y, Gilula L, et al. The effect of nerve-root injections on the need for operative treatment of lumbar radicular pain. A prospective, randomized, controlled, doubleblind study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82: Arnhoff FN, Triplett HB, Pokorney B. Follow-up status of patients treated with nerve blocks for low-back pain. Anesthesiology. 1977;46: Hong YG, Sa SJ, Kim JD. Selective spinal nerve root block for the treatment of sciatica. Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association. 1997;32: Ng LCL, Sell P. Outcomes of a prospective cohort study on peri-radicular infiltration for radicular pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis. European Spine Journal. 2004;13: LaBan MM, Imas A. Young Lumbar Spinal Stenotic: Review of 268 Patients Younger Than 51 Years. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. 2003;82:

8 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block 수술이예정된단분절요추척추관협착증환자에서선택적신경근차단술의유용성 하대호 심대무 김유미 오성균 김창수 * 김상열원광대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 고신대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 * 연구계획 : 후향적연구목적 : 단분절척추관협착증환자에서있어수술준비과정중선택적신경근차단술을시행한후유용성에대해알아보고자하였다. 선행문헌의요약 : 지금까지선택적신경차단술의척추전방전위증, 척추관협착증및추간판탈출증등에의한방사통에대한유용성에대한다양한보고가있어왔다. 그러나적극적인보존적처치에도불구하고반응하지않아수술적감압을고려해야하는환자에서차단술의효과에대한보고는드물다. 대상및방법 : 2005 년 1월이후최소 2~3개월이상의보존적처치에도불구하고통증이호전되지않아입원하여수술을계획하여입원중에일차적으로선택적신경차단술을시행하였던자들을연구대상으로하였다. 이중최소 2년이상추적이가능하였던 44예를후향적으로분석하였다. 임상적평가는술전, 시술직후, 술후 1, 2, 3년에외래추시및전화면담을통해시행하였다. 통증의정도는 VAS를, 기능적평가는한국어판 Oswestry Disbility Inedx, Low Back Outcome Score 및 Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire 이용하였다. 결과 : 총 44예중 27예는수술적치료를받았고 17예는성공적차단술에의해수술적치료를피할수있었다. 3년간의추적결과, 통증의정도 (VAS) 점수는수술군에서모든시기에통계적으로유의하게감소되었다 (p=0.02~0.03). K-ODI, Roland-Morris Disability 점수는수술이나시술시행 1년까지는유의하게감소되었으나 (P=0.026~0.042, P=0.03), 2년후에는수술군과보존적치료간에통계적으로명확한유의성은없었다 (P=0.072~0.14, P=0.06). 즉, 전체적으로수술후 1년내에수술군이우수하였고, 1년이후에도나은경향은있었지만통계적으로경계적유의성이있었다. 그리고추간공협착증환자에서수술적치료를받을확률이높았다 (P=0.039). 결론 : 수술이예정된단분절척추관협착증환자중 39% 의환자에서통증감소와임상적결과에호전이있어수술전에시도해볼만한방법이다. 색인단어 : 척추관협착증, 신경근차단술, 추간공협착 약칭제목 : 선택적신경근차단술의유용성 115

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block for the Treatment of Single-Segment Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block for the Treatment of Single-Segment Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Effectiveness of Selective Nerve Root Block for the Treatment of Single-Segment Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Disc Herniation Tae Kyun Kim, M.D., Chang Su Kim, M.D.,

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

442 pissn : , eissn : Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2017; 52:

442 pissn : , eissn : Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2017; 52: 442 pissn : 1226-2102, eissn : 2005-8918 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2017; 52: 442-447 https://doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2017.52.5.442 www.jkoa.org 요추극외측추간판탈출증과후외측추간판탈출증의수술에대한상대위험도 : 후향적코호트연구 하대호

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 Program 1 ANESTHESIA (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuou

제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 Program 1 ANESTHESIA (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuou 제5회 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 심포지엄 (Room 2층 대강당) >> Session 4 Updates on PNB Techniques PNB Techniques for shoulder surgery: continuous vs single injection, interscalene vs supraclavicular approach 의정부성모병원

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 1998 다발성요추간반탈출증에서의컴퓨터적외선전신체열촬영의진단적가치 * 조용은 김영수 장호열 = Abstract = Clinical Efficacy of Digita

KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 1998 다발성요추간반탈출증에서의컴퓨터적외선전신체열촬영의진단적가치 * 조용은 김영수 장호열 = Abstract = Clinical Efficacy of Digita KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc 27237-245, 1998 다발성요추간반탈출증에서의컴퓨터적외선전신체열촬영의진단적가치 * = Abstract = Clinical Efficacy of Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging in Multiple Lumbar Disc Herniations

More information

Case Report J Korean Orthop Assoc 2010; 45: doi: /jkoa 경추신경근차단술후발생한급성척수손상 Acute Spinal Cord Injury after Cerv

Case Report J Korean Orthop Assoc 2010; 45: doi: /jkoa 경추신경근차단술후발생한급성척수손상 Acute Spinal Cord Injury after Cerv Case Report J Korean Orthop Assoc 2010; 45: 408-412 doi:10.4055/jkoa.2010.45.5.408 www.jkoa.org Acute Spinal Cord Injury after Cervical Nerve Root Block 심대무 김태균 임재창원광대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 선택적경추신경근차단술은경부방사통의치료를위해비수술적치료단계에서널리이용되고있는방법이다.

More information

KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 퇴행성요추질환환자에서척추유합술후발생한인접분절의퇴행성변화에대한수술적치료 * 김영수 구성욱 조용은 진병호 윤영설 진동규 Surgical Treatment of

KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 퇴행성요추질환환자에서척추유합술후발생한인접분절의퇴행성변화에대한수술적치료 * 김영수 구성욱 조용은 진병호 윤영설 진동규 Surgical Treatment of KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc 32323-328, 2002 퇴행성요추질환환자에서척추유합술후발생한인접분절의퇴행성변화에대한수술적치료 * 김영수 구성욱 조용은 진병호 윤영설 진동규 Surgical Treatment of Adjacent Segment Degeneration after Spinal Fusion in

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

Technical Note J. of Advanced Spine Surgery Volume 5, Number 2, pp 65~69 Journal of Advanced Spine Surgery JASS Simple Neurolysis Technique of Adhesio

Technical Note J. of Advanced Spine Surgery Volume 5, Number 2, pp 65~69 Journal of Advanced Spine Surgery JASS Simple Neurolysis Technique of Adhesio Technical Note J. of Advanced Spine Surgery Volume 5, Number 2, pp 65~69 JASS Simple Neurolysis Technique of Adhesiolysis and Direct Drug Injection to Root and Intervertebral Disc Lesion at Anterior Dural

More information

001-학회지소개(영)

001-학회지소개(영) Review Article Randomization, What is the Proper Method? Jin Ho Hong, M.D., Jae Chul Yoo, M.D. Shoulder & Sports medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center Purpose: Among the numerous

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

노영남

노영남 Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Loss of Disc Height after Spontaneous Regression of a Herniated Lumbar Disc - A Case Report - Hyoung Bok Ki

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Loss of Disc Height after Spontaneous Regression of a Herniated Lumbar Disc - A Case Report - Hyoung Bok Ki Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Loss of Disc Height after Spontaneous Regression of a Herniated Lumbar Disc - A Case Report - Hyoung Bok Kim, M.D., Hoon-Jae Chung, M.D. J Korean Soc Spine Surg

More information

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment

More information

< FB5B5BAF1B6F32C20B8F1C2F D34292E687770>

< FB5B5BAF1B6F32C20B8F1C2F D34292E687770> Case Report J Sasang Constitut Med 2014;26(4):379-388 http://dx.doi.org/10.7730/jscm.2014.26.4.379 Abstract A Case Study of Soyangin Patient with Hyperhidrosis Treated Successfully with Hyungbangsabaek-san(

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp 대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo

More information

기관고유연구사업결과보고

기관고유연구사업결과보고 기관고유연구사업결과보고 작성요령 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 2001 ~ 2004 2005 ~ 2007 2008 ~ 2010 1 2/3 2 1 0 2 3 52 0 31 83 12 6 3 21 593 404 304 1,301 4 3 1 8 159 191 116 466 6 11 (`1: (1: 16 33 44 106

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

590호(01-11)

590호(01-11) T H E K O R E A N D O C T O R S W E E K L Y www.docdocdoc.co.kr I N S I D E 38 3 5 6 7 10 13 28 29 30 31 38 41 42 2 Advertisement Government & Medicine 3 Government & Medicine 4 Government & Medicine Government

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy as a Treatment for Acute Radiculopathy after Osteoporotic Lumbar Compression

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy as a Treatment for Acute Radiculopathy after Osteoporotic Lumbar Compression Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy as a Treatment for Acute Radiculopathy after Osteoporotic Lumbar Compression Fracture - A Case Report - Hyoung Bok Kim, M.D., Hoon-Jae

More information

종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 정복이 안된 상태로 치료 시에는 추후 지속적인 족부 동통의 원인이 되며, 이런 동통으로 인해 종골에 대해 구제술이나 2차적 재건술이 필요할 수도 있다. 2) 경종골 거주상 관절 탈구는 외국 문헌에 증례

종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 정복이 안된 상태로 치료 시에는 추후 지속적인 족부 동통의 원인이 되며, 이런 동통으로 인해 종골에 대해 구제술이나 2차적 재건술이 필요할 수도 있다. 2) 경종골 거주상 관절 탈구는 외국 문헌에 증례 CSE REPORT 대한족부족관절학회지 제16권 제4호 2012 J Korean Foot nkle Soc. Vol. 16. No. 4. pp.270-275, 2012 종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 인제대학교 의과대학 일산백병원 정형외과 차성무 장보훈 서진수 Treatment of Talonavicular Subluxation

More information

03-13-이강윤

03-13-이강윤 대한척추외과학회지제 14 권제 3 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 14, No. 3, pp 144~150, 2007 요추추간판제거술후발생한추궁절제술후척추관협착증 이강윤 조규정 박승림 김명구 이 @ 문 강석봉 인하대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 Postlaminectomy Spinal Stenosis after Lumbar Discectomy

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

06-안재성

06-안재성 대한척추외과학회지제 13 권제 4 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 13, No. 4, pp 262~274, 2006 불안정성이없는요추척추관협착증환자에서단순감압술과기기를이용한유합술을시행한군의수술후증상호전비교 안재성 이준규 김경태 충남대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 Comparison of Postoperative Symptomatic

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

서론

서론 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -

More information

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770>

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770> J of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc 15(5)497-504(2013) eissn: 2287-4747 http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.5.497 pissn: 2233-8292 도로터널의 갱구부 경관설계가 터널 내부조명에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 이미애 1 ㆍ이동희 2 * 1 아이라이트 대표이사 2

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy 2013. 2. 2 대한간암연구학회 7차 심포지움 및 학술대회 Indication and Clinical Outcomes of Metachronous HCC Metastasectomy Shin Hwang Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan

More information

109~120 õÃʾàħ Ä¡·á

109~120  õÃʾàħ Ä¡·á 109 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.3.109 Received : 10. 08. 13 Revised : 10. 09. 06 A Case Study Of Patients With Knee Joint Pain Treated With Rubiae Radix Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 09. 07 Key Words:

More information

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285 13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914

More information

00약제부봄호c03逞풚

00약제부봄호c03逞풚 경희대학교 동서신의학병원 약품 정보지 2 0 0 7. S P R I N G. V O L. 0 1 신약 소개 02 Journal Review 03 Special Subject 04 복약 지도 06 의약품 안전성 정보 07 약제부 알림 07 약제부 업무 소개 08 E A S T - W E S T N E O M E D I C A L C E N T E R 본 약품

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: * A Study on Good School

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI:   * A Study on Good School Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.1 * A Study on Good School and School Evaluation Purpose: This study was to examine

More information

Study on the Improvement of Management System through Analysis of golf semi- market: Focus on Physical Education Facility Act Ji-Myung Jung 1, Ju-Ho Park 2 *, & Youngdae Lee 3 1 Korea Institute of Sport

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 1997 극돌기절제및부분적후궁절제술을이용한추간공내요추간판탈출증의수술적치험 * 김주영 이승명 신호 = Abstract = Surgical Experience of L

KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 1997 극돌기절제및부분적후궁절제술을이용한추간공내요추간판탈출증의수술적치험 * 김주영 이승명 신호 = Abstract = Surgical Experience of L KISEP Clinical Research J Korean Neurosurg Soc 26416-421, 1997 극돌기절제및부분적후궁절제술을이용한추간공내요추간판탈출증의수술적치험 * 김주영 이승명 신호 = Abstract = Surgical Experience of Lumbar Foraminal Disc Herniation by Resecting the Spinous

More information

166 경추의디스크병변으로인한방사통의치료에경추부의선택적신경차단술이많이사용되고있다. 고식적인방법으로방사선투시검사 (fluoroscopy) 에의한주사법이사용되고있으며 1) 이와관련된합병증으로인하여컴퓨터단층촬영 (computed tomograpissn : ,

166 경추의디스크병변으로인한방사통의치료에경추부의선택적신경차단술이많이사용되고있다. 고식적인방법으로방사선투시검사 (fluoroscopy) 에의한주사법이사용되고있으며 1) 이와관련된합병증으로인하여컴퓨터단층촬영 (computed tomograpissn : , 166 경추의디스크병변으로인한방사통의치료에경추부의선택적신경차단술이많이사용되고있다. 고식적인방법으로방사선투시검사 (fluoroscopy) 에의한주사법이사용되고있으며 1) 이와관련된합병증으로인하여컴퓨터단층촬영 (computed tomograpissn : 1226-2102, eissn : 2005-8918 Original Article J Korean Orthop

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Usefulness of Minimally Invasive Posterior Foraminotomy using Tubular Retractor for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Usefulness of Minimally Invasive Posterior Foraminotomy using Tubular Retractor for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Usefulness of Minimally Invasive Posterior Foraminotomy using Tubular Retractor for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with Foraminal Stenosis Hun-Kyu Shin, M.D., Jae-Yeol

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

untitled

untitled Case Report J Korean Orthop Assoc 2011; 46: 438-442 http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2011.46.5.438 www.jkoa.org Far-out Stenosis by the Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae 김영훈 윤기식가톨릭대학교서울성모병원정형외과 요천추이행성척추의만성요통과인접분절추간판의퇴행성변화에대한임상적의미에대하여는이견이많다.

More information

16_이주용_155~163.hwp

16_이주용_155~163.hwp 사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

untitled

untitled 대한정형외과학회지 : 제 43 권제 5 호 2008 J Korean Orthop Assoc 2008; 43: 588-594 자기공명영상을이용한요추부척추관면적계측방법및분석 심대무ㆍ최윤홍ㆍ양정환ㆍ오성균ㆍ김채근ㆍ박정현 원광대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 Analysis and Measurement of the Lumbar Spinal Canal Dimension using

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770>

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770> 大 韓 癩 學 會 誌 : 第 41 卷, 第 1 號 2008 Korean Leprosy Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 1, June, 2008 마비성 하안검 외반증에 대한 lateral tarsal strip의 재조명 안성열 성형외과의원 1), 제일병원 피부과 2) 안성열 1), 박향준 2) - Abstract - Reappraisal of the

More information

274 한국문화 73

274 한국문화 73 - 273 - 274 한국문화 73 17~18 세기통제영의방어체제와병력운영 275 276 한국문화 73 17~18 세기통제영의방어체제와병력운영 277 278 한국문화 73 17~18 세기통제영의방어체제와병력운영 279 280 한국문화 73 17~18 세기통제영의방어체제와병력운영 281 282 한국문화 73 17~18 세기통제영의방어체제와병력운영 283 284

More information

online ML Comm CLINICAL ARTICLE J Kor Neurotraumatol Soc 2010;6: ISSN 고령의척추관협착증환자에대한수술적치료의합병증및결과 한림대학교의과대학강남성심병원신경외과교실 김세훈. 최종훈. 이호국.

online ML Comm CLINICAL ARTICLE J Kor Neurotraumatol Soc 2010;6: ISSN 고령의척추관협착증환자에대한수술적치료의합병증및결과 한림대학교의과대학강남성심병원신경외과교실 김세훈. 최종훈. 이호국. online ML Comm CLINICAL ARTICLE J Kor Neurotraumatol Soc 2010;6:138-142 ISSN 1738-8708 고령의척추관협착증환자에대한수술적치료의합병증및결과 한림대학교의과대학강남성심병원신경외과교실 김세훈. 최종훈. 이호국. 문재곤. 김창현 Complications and Surgical Results of Operative

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 김진주 김수연. 초등학생대상장애이해교육에활용된동화에나타난장애인관분석. 특수교육, 2013, 제12권, 제2호, 135-160... 20.,,. 4.,,.,..... 주제어 : 장애이해교육, 동화, 장애인관 1. ( 1 ) Incheon Munhak Elementary School ( )(, E-mail: sooyoun@ginue.ac.kr) Dept. of

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   Awareness, Supports Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction

More information

05-김정래

05-김정래 대한척추외과학회지제 14 권제 4 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 14, No. 4, pp 249~255, 2007 요추부퇴행성병변에서통증그림을이용한신경근압박위치확인 김정래 박철현 안종철 안면환 윤현국 영남대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 Pain Drawing in the Assessment of Nerve Root Compression

More information

歯14.양돈규.hwp

歯14.양돈규.hwp : The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2003. Vol. 15, No. 3, 615-631. 1 2 3 1,410.,, ( ),., ( 69%),.,, ( ), ( ).,,.., ( ).,. :,,. :, (390-711) 21-1, : 043-649-1362 E-mail : ydk9498@hanmail.net

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

노인정신의학회보14-1호

노인정신의학회보14-1호 제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Review of Research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple

More information

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w 497 의사학 제24권 제2호(통권 제50호) 2015년 8월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː497-532 Aug 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.497 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 역시만필( 歷 試 漫 筆 ) 의 사례로 재구성한 조선후기 여성의 삶과 질병

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 金 台 俊 의 學 術 硏 究 와 國 故 整 理 作 業 *1) - 朝 鮮 漢 文 學 史 서술을 중심으로 崔 英 成 ** ` Ⅰ. 머리말 Ⅱ. 天 台 山 人 의 생애 개관 Ⅲ. 天 台 山 人 의 학문 역정 Ⅳ. 조선한문학사 의 위치 Ⅴ. 조선한문학사 의 방법론과 한계 요 약 1930년대 국문학자, 문학사가( 文 學 史 家 )로 활약했던, 전설적인 인물

More information

( )Kju225.hwp

( )Kju225.hwp 비임균성비뇨생식기감염에서 의진단적효용성 Usefulness of the Mycofast Test (MYCOFAST Evolution 2) for the Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Genitourinary Infections Hang Ro Park, Yang Hyun Kim, Ho Jae Lee, Jea Sang Oh, Hyoung Jin

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on Organizi

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   A Study on Organizi Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.441-460 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.441 A Study on Organizing Software Education of Special Education Curriculum

More information

204 205

204 205 -Road Traffic Crime and Emergency Evacuation - 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 Abstract Road Traffic Crime

More information

005송영일

005송영일 Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Experiences of Af Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood

More information

433대지05박창용

433대지05박창용 Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Factors Associated with Conversion from Conservative to Surgical Treatment in Single-Level Lumbar Spinal St

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Factors Associated with Conversion from Conservative to Surgical Treatment in Single-Level Lumbar Spinal St Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Factors Associated with Conversion from Conservative to Surgical Treatment in Single-Level Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Patients Young-Joon Ahn, M.D., Se-Hyuk Im, M.D.,

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 퇴행성척추불안정환자에게시행된자가장골골편을이용한추체간유합술에서척추경나사못고정술의효과 * 김영백 박승원 황성남 최덕영 The Effect of Additiona

KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 퇴행성척추불안정환자에게시행된자가장골골편을이용한추체간유합술에서척추경나사못고정술의효과 * 김영백 박승원 황성남 최덕영 The Effect of Additiona KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc 3202-06, 2002 퇴행성척추불안정환자에게시행된자가장골골편을이용한추체간유합술에서척추경나사못고정술의효과 * 김영백 박승원 황성남 최덕영 The Effect of Additional Transpedicular Instrumentation for Patients with Symptomatic

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Efficacy of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion using PEEK Cage and Pedicle Screw Stabilization in Degenerati

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Efficacy of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion using PEEK Cage and Pedicle Screw Stabilization in Degenerati Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Efficacy of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion using PEEK Cage and Pedicle Screw Stabilization in Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Disorders - Minimum 3 Years Follow

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract

More information

PJTROHMPCJPS.hwp

PJTROHMPCJPS.hwp 제 출 문 농림수산식품부장관 귀하 본 보고서를 트위스트 휠 방식 폐비닐 수거기 개발 과제의 최종보고서로 제출 합니다. 2008년 4월 24일 주관연구기관명: 경 북 대 학 교 총괄연구책임자: 김 태 욱 연 구 원: 조 창 래 연 구 원: 배 석 경 연 구 원: 김 승 현 연 구 원: 신 동 호 연 구 원: 유 기 형 위탁연구기관명: 삼 생 공 업 위탁연구책임자:

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information