Original Article J Korean Soc Spine Surg Sep;24(3): Analysis of Factors Affecting Postoperati

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Original Article J Korean Soc Spine Surg Sep;24(3): Analysis of Factors Affecting Postoperati"

Transcription

1 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Analysis of Factors Affecting Postoperative Loss of Reduction in Unstable Thoracolumbar Fractures Jaewan Soh, M.D., Chang-Hwa Hong, M.D., Chung-Won Bang, M.D., Jae Chul Lee, M.D., Byung-Joon Shin, M.D. J Korean Soc Spine Surg 2017 Sep;24(3): Originally published online September 30, 2017; Korean Society of Spine Surgery Asan Medical Center 88, Olympic-ro 43 Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea Tel: Fax: Copyright 2017 Korean Society of Spine Surgery pissn eissn The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 Original Article J Korean Soc Spine Surg Sep;24(3): Analysis of Factors Affecting Postoperative Loss of Reduction in Unstable Thoracolumbar Fractures Jaewan Soh, M.D., Chang-Hwa Hong, M.D., Chung-Won Bang, M.D., Jae Chul Lee, M.D.*, Byung-Joon Shin, M.D.* Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Korea *Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Study Design: Retrospective analysis Objectives: Loss of fracture reduction after posterior surgery to treat unstable thoracolumbar fractures can cause several complications. We analyzed the factors influencing postoperative loss of reduction. Summary of Literature Review: Controversy exists about the factors causing postoperative loss of reduction in thoracolumbar fractures during the follow-up period. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the records of 59 patients who underwent posterior surgery for thoracolumbar unstable fractures and had completed a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Postoperative loss of reduction was defined as 30% or more loss of vertebral body height or 15 or more progression of the kyphotic angle at the 1-year follow-up compared to immediately after surgery. The associations between the patients gender, age, level of fracture, injury of the posterior column, initial loss of fractured vertebral body height, loadsharing score, Thoraco-Lumbar Injury Classification and Severity score, number of fixed segments, type of pedicle screws, degree of postoperative reduction, degree of postoperative corrected kyphotic angle, changes in the insertion angle of the most proximal and the most distal pedicle screws, decreases in the upper and lower disc height of the fractured vertebral body, and postoperative loss of reduction were analyzed. Results: Thirteen patients (22.0%) had postoperative loss of reduction. Age at the time of the operation (p=0.034), initial loss of fractured vertebral body height (p=0.042), and changes in the insertion angles of the most distal pedicle screws (p=0.021) were significantly associated with postoperative loss of reduction. However, the other factors did not show a significant relationship. Conclusions: In patients who underwent posterior surgery for unstable thoracolumbar fractures, the frequency of loss of reduction was high in patients more than 45 years old at the time of the operation, with a 50% or more loss of the initial fractured vertebral body height, and with changes of 5 or more in the insertion angles of the most distal pedicle screws. Key words: Thoracolumbar, Unstable fractures, Posterior surgery, Loss of fracture reduction 서론 외상에의한척추골절은흉-요추부부위에서가장흔하게발생하며, 가해지는변형력의종류및크기에따라수술적치료가필요한불안정성골절과수술적치료가필요하지않은안정성골절로나뉘게된다. 이러한수술적치료여부를결정하기위해여러분류들이소개되어왔는데, 현재임상적으로많이사용되고있는것은 Denis 1) 의분류, McCormack 등 2) 이발표한 load sharing 분류와 Vaccaro 등 3) 이발표한 TLICS (Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score) 분류등이다. 이는그손상기전에따른불안정성의입증과함께수술적치료가필요한흉-요추부골절을분류하기위함이고, 전방및후방수술이필요한형태의골절까지분류하고있다. 수술적치료는크게전방도달법과후방도달법이있는데, 많 은문헌들에서이러한불안정성흉 - 요추부골절에대한수술적 치료방법과결과에대한보고를하고있으나, 수술적치료후 추시과정에서골절의정복이소실되면서후만변형이발생하 Received: June 15, 2017 Revised: August 16, 2017 Accepted: August 24, 2017 Published Online: September 30, 2017 Corresponding author: Chang-Hwa Hong, M.D., ORCID ID: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Soonchunhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Korea TEL: , FAX: chhong@schmc.ac.kr 190 Copyright 2017 Korean Society of Spine Surgery Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery. pissn eissn This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

3 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Postoperative Loss of Reduction for Thoracolumbar Fractures 는요인에대해서는논란이있다. 이에, 저자들은흉-요추부불안정성골절에서후방수술을시행받고 1년이상추시된환자들을후향적으로분석하여, 수술후정복소실에영향을미치는요인들을분석해보고자하였다. 대상및방법 1. 연구대상 2010년 6월부터 2016년 1월까지흉-요추부방출성골절로구조적, 신경학적불안정성이있거나, 후방주손상까지동반된 3주골절또는골절-탈구로 2명의척추외과의사에의해수술적치료를시행받고 1년이상추시된 70명의환자중, 전방수술이병행되었거나, 다분절골절이있었던 11명을제외하고단분절골절만있었던 59명의환자를대상으로의무기록과방사선사진을후향적으로분석하였다. 최초수상당시척추골절편이신경관으로 50% 이상감입되고신경학적이상소견이동반되어전방수술로직접감압이필요하였을경우이외에는후방수술을우선적으로시행하였는데, 척추경나사못을이용하여골절추체상, 하로단분절또는 2분절고정을시행한후, 정복술및골이식을하여후방유합술을시행하였고, 수상직후신경손상의정도가완전마비였을경우에는후방수술만시행하였다. 수술당시환자의평균연령은 45.3세 (15~76 세 ) 였고, 남자가 47명, 여자가 12명이었다. 평균추시기간은 18.3개월 (12~48 개월 ) 이었다. 방사선학적추시는수술전, 수술직후, 수술후 2주, 6주, 3개월, 6개월, 9개월, 12개월에시행하였고, 수술후 1년이후에는 6개월마다시행하였다. 2. 연구방법 1) 수술후정복소실의기준수술후정복소실은흉-요추부측면단순방사선사진상에서, 수술직후의골절척추체와비교하여 1년추시시의골절척추체가 30% 이상척추체높이의소실이있을때또는수술직후의골절부상위추체의상연과하위추체하연이이루는 Cobb씨각도와 1년추시시의 Cobb씨각도의차이가 15도이상후만각이진행된경우로정의하였다 (Fig. 1). 2) 환자요인먼저환자자체요인중영향을줄수있는인자로성별과최초수술시연령에따라분석하였는데, 평균나이인 45.3(± 14.9) 세를기준으로, 45세이상과미만으로나누어분석하였다. 3) 수술전요인정복소실에영향을줄수있는수술전요인으로골절의위 A B C Fig. 1. Three simple plane lateral radiographs show that (A) the loss of the preoperative fracture vertebral body height was 50% or more at the L3 level, (B) postoperative reduction of the L3 body height was nearly normal, and (C) postoperative loss of reduction at the 1-year follow-up was 30% or more. 치, 후방주손상여부, 최초골절시추체높이소실정도, loadsharing 점수, TLICS 점수등을고려하였다. 골절의위치는불 안정성골절부위가흉 - 요추연결부 (T-L junction) 인제 12 흉추와제 1 요추를포함하는지여부로나누어서분석하였고, 후방주손상여부는컴퓨터단층촬영 (CT) 과자기공명영상 (MRI) 상에서후방인대복합체의손상여부로나누어서분석 하였다. 최초골절시추체높이소실정도는수술전흉 - 요추부 측면단순방사선사진상에서골절추체전연의높이를골절부 위상, 하추체전연높이의합을 2 로나눈값으로다시나누어, 골절추체의남은비율을계산한다음, 이를 1 에서차감하여압 박률을계산하였는데, 50% 을기준으로, 그이상과미만으로나 누어분석하였다. 또한 load-sharing 점수는 7 점을기준으로그 이상과미만으로나누어분석하였고, TLICS 점수는 6 점을기준 으로그이상과미만으로나누어분석하였다 4) 치료방법에따른요인 수술적치료에의한인자로, 골절추체상, 하고정분절수, 척추경나사못의종류를고려하였다. 골절추체상, 하고정분 절수는골절추체상, 하로단분절고정을시행한경우와, 골절 추체상, 하로 2 분절고정을시행한경우로나누어분석하였다. 또한, 척추경나사못의종류는단축 (monoaxial) 척추경나사못 을사용한경우와다축 (polyaxial) 척추경나사못을사용한경 우로나누어분석하였다. 5) 수술후방사선학적변화요인 수술적치료결과의차이로수술직후의방사선학적사진상 측정치를평가하였다. 수술후흉 - 요추부측면단순방사선사 진상골절의정복정도, 후만각교정정도를측정하였다. 수술 191

4 Jaewan Soh et al Volume 24 Number 3 September 2017 후골절의정복정도는수술전골절추체의압박률과마찬가지로, 수술후골절추체의압박률을계산하여, 골절의정복된높이가 80% 이상과미만으로나누어분석하였다. 또한, 수술후후만각교정정도는수술전골절추체상위추체의상연과하위추체의하연이이루는 Cobb씨각도를측정하고, 수술후같은방법의 Cobb씨각도를측정한다음, 그차이각도로정의하였고, 그평균값인 15도를기준으로그이상과미만으로나누어분석하였다. 또한수술직후흉-요추부측면단순방사선사진과 1년추시흉-요추부측면단순방사선사진을비교하여, 고정의최근위부와최원위부의척추경나사못삽입각도변화를측정하였다. 척추경나사못삽입각도변화는고정의최근위부와최원위부의척추경나사못삽입된축과해당척추체상연이이루는 Cobb씨각도를측정하였는데, 수술직후와 1년추시시각도차이를그평균값인 5도를기준으로그이상과그미만으로나누어분석하였다. 그리고, 수술후정복소실의기준중하나인추시과정에서골절부상, 하위추체가이루는후만각이진행되는요인으로, 회복되었던추간판높이의감소와의연관성을알아보기위해흉-요추부측면단순방사선사진상에서추간판높이를측정하였다. 골절척추체상, 하추간판높이는단순방사선사진간의확대 (magnification) 에따른오차를줄이기위해, 흉-요추부측면단순방사선사진상에서골절척추체상, 하추간판중간의높이를측정하여, 상위추간판높이를상위척추체전연의높이로나눈비율로계산하였고, 하위추간판높이를하위척추체전연의높이로나눈비율로계산하여, 수술직후와 1년추시의값을측정하여, 그차이를계산하였고, 평균값인 0.05를기준으로그이상과미만으로나누어분석하였다. 6) 통계적분석방법통계적분석은각종인자의유의성검증을위해 SPSS 14.0(SPSS Inc., Richmond, CA, USA) 을이용하였다. 나이, 방사선학적측정값등연속변수들의평균값을차단 (cut-off) 값으로적용하기위해, 정규분포를따르는지통계적으로 Kolmogorov-Smirnov test를이용하여검증하였다. 그리고, 수술후정복소실을각각의요인들과교차분석시행하였고, Chi-square 검증을사용하였다. 유의수준은 p<0.05 로하였다. 결과 1. 수술후정복소실수술직후의골절척추체와비교하여 1년추시시의골절척추체가 30% 이상척추체높이의소실이발생했거나수술직후의골절부상위추체의상연과하위추체하연이이루는 Cobb 씨각도와 1 년추시시의 Cobb 씨각도의차이가 15 도이상후만 각이진행된경우는 59 예중 13 예 (22.0%) 였다. 2. 환자의신경학적손상여부 환자들의신경학적손상여부는미국척수손상학회에서제 시한척수손상의신경학적및기능적분류 (ASIA [American Spinal Injury Association] impairment scale) 에따라분류하였 다. 최초손상직후에는 A 가 5 예, B 가 2 예, C 가 4 예, D 가 16 예, E 가 32 예였으며, 1 년뒤추시과정에서는 A 가 5 예, D 가 9 예, E 가 45 예였다. 최초손상직후신경학적등급이 A 였던환자는호 전되었던경우가없었고, B 였던 2 예는 1 년추시시 D 로호전되 었으며, C 였던 4 예중 3 예에서 1 년추시시 D 로호전되었고, 1 예는 E 로회복되었다. 최초 D 였던 16 예중, 4 예는회복이없었 고, 12 예는 E 로회복되었다. 3. 원인인자분석 1) 환자요인 성별에따른분류에서남자는 47 예중 11 예 (23.4%) 에서수 술후정복소실이발생하였고, 여자는 12 예중 2 예 (16.7%) 에 서수술후정복소실이발생하였으나, 통계적으로유의한차이 는없었다 (p=0.474). 나이에따른분류에서, 평균값인 45 세를 기준으로 45 세이상인 35 예중 11 예 (31.4%), 45 세미만인 24 예 중 2 예 (8.3%) 에서수술후정복소실이발생하였고, 이는통계 적으로유의하였다 (p=0.034) (Table 1). 2) 수술전요추부요인 수술전요인에서골절의위치는흉 - 요추부이행부위인 제 12 흉추체또는제 1 요추체가골절이었던경우 31 예중 6 예 (19.4%) 에서, 흉 - 요추부이행부위를포함하지않는골절이었 던 28 예중 7 예 (25.0%) 에서수술후정복소실이발생하였으 나, 통계학적인연관성은없었다 (p=0.417). 또한, 후방주손상 Table 1. Univariate analysis of patient-related risk factors for postoperative loss of reduction in unstable thoracolumbar fractures Factors Postoperative Loss of Reduction Patient-related Yes No p-value Gender Male Female 2 10 Age <

5 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Postoperative Loss of Reduction for Thoracolumbar Fractures Table 2. Univariate analysis of pre-operative risk factors for postoperative loss of reduction in unstable thoracolumbar fractures Factors 이있었던 24 예중 6 예 (25.0%) 에서, 후방주손상이없었던 35 예중 7 예 (20.0%) 에서수술후정복소실이발생하였으나, 유의 한차이는없었다 (p=0.442). 그러나, 최초골절시추체높이가 50% 이상소실되었던 14 예중 6 예 (42.9%) 에서, 50% 미만소 실되었던 45 예중 7 예 (15.6%) 에서수술후정복소실이발생하 였는데, 이는통계학적으로유의하였다 (p=0.042). 최초손상시 의 load sharing 점수에의한분류에서, 7 점이상이었던 20 예중 5 예 (25.0%) 에서, 7 점미만이었던 39 예중 8 예 (20.1%) 에서수 술후정복소실이발생하였고, 통계적으로유의한차이는없 었다 (p=0.467). 또한최초손상시의 TLICS 점수에의한분류에 서, 6 점이상인 14 예중 3 예 (21.4%) 에서, 6 점미만인 45 예에서 10 예 (22.2%) 에서수술후정복소실이발생하였으나, 유의한 차이는없었다 (p=0.633) (Table 2). 3) 치료방법에따른요인 Postoperative Loss of Reduction Pre-operative Yes No p-value Level of fracture T-L junction level (T12, L1) Other level 7 21 Posterior column injury Injured Not injured 7 28 Initial loss of vertebral body height < % 6 8 Load sharing score < TLICS score < 치료방법에따라영향을받는인자로, 먼저골절추체상, 하 고정분절수를고려하였는데, 2 분절고정을시행한 26 예중 3 예 (11.5%) 에서, 1 분절고정을시행한 33 예중 10 예 (30.3%) 에 서수술후정복소실이발행하였고, 이는유의한차이가없었 다 (p=0.077). 또한, 척추경나사못의종류에따라, 단축척추경 Table 3. Univariate analysis of surgery-related and radiologic risk factors for postoperative loss of reduction in unstable thoracolumbar fractures Factors 나사못을사용한 44 예중 10 예 (22.7%) 에서, 다축척추경나사 못을사용한 15 예중 3 예 (20.0%) 에서수술후정복소실이발 생하였는데, 이는통계적유의성이없었다 (p=0.569) (Table 3). 4) 수술후방사선학적변화요인 Postoperative Loss of Reduction Surgery-related and Radiologic Yes No p-value Number of fixed segments Mono-segment segments 3 23 Type of pedicle screw Monoaxial screw Polyaxial screw 3 12 Degree of postoperative reduction <80% % Correction of postoperative kyphotic angle < Change of most upper pedicle screw insertion angle < Change of most lower pedicle screw insertion angle < Decrease of fractured vertebral upper disc height < Decrease of fractured vertebral lower disc height < 수술후방사선학적측정값으로, 먼저골절의정복정도를고 려하였다. 최초골절에비하여정복된추체의높이가 80% 이상 회복되었던 43 예중 10 예 (23.3%) 에서, 80% 미만으로회복되 193

6 Jaewan Soh et al Volume 24 Number 3 September 2017 었던 16예중 3예 (18.8%) 에서수술후정복소실이발생하였는데, 이는통계적인연관성이없었다 (p=0.505). 그리고, 골절로인해증가되었던후만각의수술후교정정도에대하여, 15도이상교정되었던 23예중 5예 (21.7%) 에서, 15도미만으로교정되었던 36예중 8예 (22.2%) 에서수술후정복소실이발생하였고, 이는통계적으로유의한차이가없었다 (p=0.614). 또한, 수술직후와비교하여, 1년추시시척추경나사못삽입각도변화에대하여, 최근위부척추경나사못삽입각도가 5도이상변화되었던 13예중 3예 (23.1%) 에서, 5도미만이었던 46 예중 10예 (21.7%) 에서수술후정복소실이발생하였고, 이는유의한차이가없었으나 (p=0.593), 최원위부척추경나사못삽입각도가 5도이상변화되었던 16예중 7예 (43.8%), 5도미만이었던 43예중 6예 (14.0%) 에서수술후정복소실이발생하였는데, 이는통계적으로유의하였다 (p=0.021). 또한, 수술후정복소실기준중, 후만각이진행하는요인으로수술직후골절부위상, 하의회복되었던추간판높이가 1 년추시시감소되는것과의연관성을고려하였는데, 먼저상위추간판높이비율이 0.05 이상감소된 26예중 7예 (26.9%) 에서, 0.05 미만감소된 33예중 6예 (18.2%) 에서후만각의진행이발생하였고, 이는통계학적인연관성이없었다 (p=0.311). 하위추간판높이비율이 0.05 이상감소된 21예중 6예 (28.6%) 에서, 0.05 미만감소된 38예중 7예 (18.4%) 에서후만각의진행이발생하였고, 이역시통계적의의가없었다 (p=0.280) (Table 3). 고찰 척추골절에서, 척추경나사못을이용한수술은척추후만변형의교정, 견고한초기안정성등에대한효과가입증된수술이다. 4-7) 척추골절의수술적치료방법에대해서는많은이견들이있으나. McCormack 등 2) 은골절편의분쇄 / 침범정도, 골절편의부착 (apposition) 정도와변형의교정정도를점수화하여 load sharing 분류를발표하였는데, 9점중 7점이상일경우전방수술을부가적으로시행할것을제시하였으나, 다른여러저자들은후방기기고정만으로도좋은결과를얻었다고보고하였다. 8-10) 척추골절치료의목적은신경증상을회복하고골절된추체의변형과불안정성을교정하여, 이를유지하는것이다. 이러한척추골절수술후후만각교정을유지하지못하면, 후만변형으로인한흉요추부의지속적인피로통증의증가, 하요추부의전만증가에의한요추부의동통및퇴행성변화를가져오며고정기기의파손, 이완등을유발하게된다. 11) 따라서, 수술후골절정복을유지하는것이중요하다. 하지만, 추시과정에서정복소실이오는경우가있어서, 이에영향을끼치는인자에대 하여다양한연구들이보고되고있다. 다양한인자들중, 나이와관련해서 Chen 등 12) 은나이가많았던군에서후만변형의발생과관련이있었다고하였고, Kim 등 13) 은나이와큰연관성은없다고하였으나, 본연구에서는 45 세이상의환자에서수술후정복소실이되는경우가많았다. 또한, Denis 등 14) 은흉-요추부는견고한흉추부와가동적인요추부가이행하는곳으로, 이곳에서골절이발생하면매우불안정하고후만변형이가속화되는경향이있다고하였으나, Kim 등 13) 은후만변형발생과연관이없다고하였고, 본연구에서도수술후정복소실과는큰관련이없었다. 그리고, 후방인대복합체는흉-요추부의안정성에중요한역할을한다고알려져있고, 3,15,16) James 등 17) 은흉-요추부방출성골절과후방인대복합체가동반손상되었을경우, 매우불안정하며후만변형이진행될위험이크다고하였다. 하지만본연구에서는후방인대복합체손상여부는수술후정복소실과큰연관성이없었다. 최초골절추체압박정도와후만변형진행과의연관성에대해서는, Kim 등 13) 은골절추체압박정도와후만변형진행과는큰관계가없다고하였으나, Chen 등 12) 은최초골절추체압박정도가 50% 가넘을때후만변형진행과연관이있다고하였고, Gurr 등 18) 도최초골절추체가 50% 이상의높이소실이있는경우후방고정의고정력부족및전방도달법을추가로사용할것을권장하는등최초척추체높이소실과불안정성에대한높은관련성을보고하였다. 본연구에서는최초골절추체압박정도가 50% 이상인경우, 수술후정복소실과연관성이있었다. 또한, load sharing 분류와후만변형진행과의연관성에대해서는, McCormack 등 2) 과 Kim 등 11) 은 load sharing 분류에서 7점이상일경우, 고정물파손및후만변형발생이많았다고하였고, Lee 등 19) 은골절추체에척추경나사못고정을한경우 load-sharing 분류상 7점이상에서도단분절고정으로충분하다고하였다. 본연구에서는 load-sharing 분류와수술후정복소실과는연관성이없었다. TLICS 와후만변형진행과의연관성에대해서는, Chen 등 12) 과 Kim 등 13) 은후만변형의진행과 TLICS 는큰연관이없다고하였으며, 본연구에서도큰연관성이없었다. 골절추체위, 아래로고정분절수와후만변형진행과의관련성에대해서, Gurr와 McAfee 20) 는골절추체의위, 아래로두분절의장분절기기고정이적절한강성이있어안정성을유지한다고하였고, Alvine 등 21) 은장분절기기고정이강성이강하며후만변형을교정하는데효과적이라고하였다. 그러나, 장분절유합은수술범위가커져서요근손상이광범위해지고, 출혈량이많아지며, 척추가동분절을감소시키는단점이있다. 이에, Wagar 등 22) 은단분절고정과장분절고정을비교분석하였 194

7 Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Postoperative Loss of Reduction for Thoracolumbar Fractures 는데, 후만변형발생과는연관성이없다고보고하였다. 본연구에서도, 고정분절수와수술후정복소실과는연관성이없었다. 고정하는나사못의종류와후만변형발생과의연관성에대해서는, Wang 등 23) 이동물사체로생역학적실험을시행하였는데, 골절부위를고정할때다축나사못을사용한경우단축나사못을사용할때보다신전과굴곡시움직임이유의하게많다고하였다. 하지만, 본연구에서는나사못의종류와수술후정복소실과는연관성이없었다. 방사선학적으로, 수술후후만각교정정도와후만변형진행과의관계에대해서, Kim 등 13) 은큰연관관계가없다고하였으나, Kim 등 11) 은수술후후만각교정정도가컸던경우, 후만변형이발생하는경향을보였다고하였다. 하지만, 본연구에서는수술후정복소실과는큰연관이없었다. 또한, 척추경나사못삽입각도에대하여, Shin 등 24) 은척추경나사못의파손은주로원위부에서발생을하였으며, 척추경나사못각의변화는추간판높이의감소와연관이있다고하였고, Kim 등 11) 은후만각교정이소실되면서고정기기의파손과이완이발생하였다고하였다. Mclain 등 25) 은흉요추부골절에서단분절고정시행후발생하는조기합병증에관한연구에서금속기기의굴곡변형없이척추체의붕괴나전위때문에척추후만이발생할수있음을보고하였다. 본연구에서는고정의최원위부척추경나사못삽입각변화와수술후정복소실과관련이있었고, 추간판높이의감소는수술후교정소실과관련성이없었다. 흉-요추부불안정성골절로후방수술을시행받은환자에서, 정복이소실되는요인들을분석해보니, 수술당시나이가 45세이상일때, 최초골절시추체의높이가 50% 이상소실되었을경우, 그리고고정의최원위부척추경나사못의삽입각도가 5도이상변화될때수술후골절정복의소실이많이나타났다. 이는, 나이가 45세이상이고최초골절시추체의높이가 50% 이상소실되었을경우수술후정복소실이발생할가능성이높아, 주의깊은수술적치료가요구되며, 추시과정에서최원위부척추경나사못삽입각도가변화되면수술후정복소실이발생하고있음을예측할수있을것으로사료된다. 또한, 모든인자들의연관성을고려한다항로지스틱회귀분석을시행하려했으나, 59예로는정확한통계분석이이루어지지않아, 연구의제한점이라사료되고, 추후더많은증례와장기간추시를통한추가연구가필요할것으로판단된다. REFERENCES 1. Denis F. Three column spine and its significanca in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1983;8: McCormack T, Karaikovic E, Gaines RW. The load sharing classification of spine fractures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994;19: Vaccaro AR, Zeiller SC, Hulbert RJ, et al. The thoracolumbar injury severity score: a proposed treatment algorithm. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2005;18: Mahar A, Kim C, Wedemeyer M, et al. Short-segment fixation of lumbar burst fractures using pedicle fixation at the level of the fracture. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32: Sjostrom L, Jacobsson O, Karlstrom G, et al. CT analysis of pedicles and screw tracts after implant removal in thoracolumbar fractures. J Spinal Disord. 1993;6: Yue JJ, Sossan A, Selgrath C, et al. The treatment of unstable thoracic spine fractures with transpedicular screw instrumentation: a 3-year consecutive series. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27: Carl AL, Tromanhauser SG, Roger DJ. Pedicle screw instrumentation for thoracolumbar burst fractures and fracture-dislocations. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1992;17(Suppl): Dickson JH, Harrington PR, Erwin WD. Results of reduction and stabilization of the severely fractured thoracic and lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1978;60: Stambough JL. Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation and thoracolumbar spine trauma: a review of 55 cases. J Spinal Disorders. 1994;7: Stambough JL. Posterior instrumentation for thoracolumbar trauma. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997;335: Kim CH, Hwang JK, Choi YJ, et al. Treatment of thoracolumbar bursting fractures according to load-sharing classification. J Korean Fract Soc. 2005;18: Chen JX, Xu DL, Sheng SR, et al. Risk factors of kyphosis recurrence after implant removal in thoracolumbar burst fractures following posterior short-segment fixation. Int Orthop. 2016;40: Kim GW, Jang JW, Hur H, et al. Predictive factors for a kyphosis recurrence following short-segment pedicle screw fixation including fractured vertebral body in unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2014;56: Denis F, Armstrong GW, Searls K, et al. Acute thoracolumbar burst fractures in the absence of neurologic deficit. A 195

8 Jaewan Soh et al Volume 24 Number 3 September 2017 comparison between op erative and nonoperative treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;189: Holdsworth F. Fractures, dislocations, and fracture-dislocations of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970;52: Nagel DA, Koogle TA, Piziali RL, et al. Stability of the upper lumbar spine following progressive disruptions and the application of individual internal and external fixation devices. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63: James KS, Wenger KH, Schlegel JD, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of the stability of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994;19: Gurr KR, McAfee PC, Shih CM. Biomechanical analysis of anterior and posterior instrumentation systems after corpectomy. A calf-spine model. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1988;70: Lee KY, Sohn SK, Kim CH, et al. Posterior short-segment instrumentation of thoracic and lumbar bursting fractures - Retrospective study. J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 2001;8: Gurr KR, McAfee PC. Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation in adults. A preliminary report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1988;13: Alvine GF, Swain JM, Asher MA, et al. Treatment of thoraco lumbar burst fractures with variable screw placement or Isola instrumen tation and arthrodesis: case series and literature review. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2004;17: Wagar M, Van-Popta D, Barone DG, et al. Short versus long-segment posterior fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar junction fractures: a comparison of outcomes. Br J Neurosurg. 2017;31: Wang H, Li C, Liu T, et al. Biomechanical efficacy of monoaxial or polyaxial pedicle screw and additional screw insertion at the level of fracture, in lumbar burst fracture: An experimental study. Indian J Orthop. 2012;46: Shin BJ, Lee JC, Kim YI, et al. More than 5 year follow-up of thoracolumbar fractures treated by pedicle screw fixation. J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 2009;16: Mclain RF, Sparling E, Benson DR. Early failure of short-segment pedicle instrumentation for thoracolumbar fractures. A preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75:

9 Original Article J Korean Soc Spine Surg Sep;24(3): 흉 - 요추부불안정성골절수술후정복소실에영향을미치는요인분석 소재완 홍창화 방청원 이재철 * 신병준 * 순천향대학교의과대학천안병원정형외과학교실, * 순천향대학교의과대학서울병원정형외과학교실척추센터연구계획 : 후향적연구목적 : 흉-요추부불안정성골절의후방수술후추시과정에서정복이소실되면서여러가지합병증이초래되는경우가있어, 정복소실에영향을미치는요인들을분석해보았다. 선행연구문헌의요약 : 흉-요추부골절에대한수술적치료후추시과정에서골절의정복이소실되는요인에대해서는논란이있다. 대상및방법 : 흉-요추부불안정성골절로후방수술을시행받고 1년이상추시된 59명의환자를대상으로하였다. 수술후정복소실의기준은수술직후의골절척추체와비교하여 1년추시시의골절척추체가 30% 이상척추체높이의소실이있거나, 골절부위에 15도이상후만각이진행된경우로정의하였다. 환자의성별, 연령, 골절의위치, 후방주손상여부, 최초골절시추체높이소실정도, load-sharing 분류, TLICS 점수, 고정분절수, 척추경나사못의종류, 수술후골절정복정도, 수술후후만각교정정도, 최근위부및최원위부척추경나사못삽입각도변화, 골절추체상, 하추간판높이감소등의요인들과수술후정복소실간의연관성을분석하였다. 결과 : 수술후정복소실된환자는 13명이었다. 수술당시나이 (p=0.034), 최초골절시추체높이소실정도 (p=0.042), 최원위부척추경나사못삽입각도변화 (p=0.021) 는수술후정복소실에통계적연관성이있었으나, 그밖의인자들은수술후정복소실에큰영향을미치지못했다. 결론 : 흉-요추부불안정성골절로후방수술을시행받은환자에서, 수술당시나이가 45세이상, 최초골절시추체의높이가 50% 이상소실되었을경우, 그리고최원위부척추경나사못의삽입각도가 5도이상변화될때골절정복의소실이많이나타났다. 색인단어 : 흉 - 요추부, 불안정성골절, 후방수술, 골절정복소실 약칭제목 : 흉 - 요추부골절수술후정복소실 접수일 : 2017년 6월 15일 수정일 : 2017년 8월 16일 게재확정일 : 2017년 8월 24일 교신저자 : 홍창화 충남천안시동남구순천향 6길 31 순천향대학교천안병원정형외과학교실 TEL: FAX: chhong@schmc.ac.kr Copyright 2017 Korean Society of Spine Surgery Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery. pissn eissn This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 197

Original Article pssn essn J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 20 Jun;20(2): Comparison of Short

Original Article pssn essn J Korean Soc Spine Surg. 20 Jun;20(2): Comparison of Short Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Comparison of Short Segment and Long Segment Posterior nstrumentation of Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Bursting Fractures at Load Sharing Score or Above Hwa-Yeop Na,

More information

02-김석곤/

02-김석곤/ 대한척추외과학회지제 16 권제 3 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surgery Vol. 16, No. 3, pp 160~166, 2009 DOI:10.4184/jkss.2009.16.3.160 흉요추부골절에서후방고정술식에따른설상각교정이후만의진행에미치는영향 김석곤 * 김명호 이성철 민상혁 이진원 단국대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 단국대학교의과대학마취통증의학과교실

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

<30332DC1B6BFEBC0E72DBFF8C0FA2DBFCF2D E687770>

<30332DC1B6BFEBC0E72DBFF8C0FA2DBFCF2D E687770> CLINICAL ARTICLE Kor J Spine 5(2):5-9, 28 흉요추부골절에서골절척추체의방사선학적소견과후방인대복합체손상과의관계 이화여자대학교의과대학신경외과학교실 조용재 Relationships between Radiological Change of Fractured Vertebrae and Posterior Ligament Complex Injury

More information

Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Jun;19(2): Is It Nece

Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Jun;19(2): Is It Nece Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Is It Necessary to Add Anterior Decompression after Posterior Decompression for Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Fractures with Neurologic Deficit? Jae-Won You, M.D.,

More information

종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 정복이 안된 상태로 치료 시에는 추후 지속적인 족부 동통의 원인이 되며, 이런 동통으로 인해 종골에 대해 구제술이나 2차적 재건술이 필요할 수도 있다. 2) 경종골 거주상 관절 탈구는 외국 문헌에 증례

종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 정복이 안된 상태로 치료 시에는 추후 지속적인 족부 동통의 원인이 되며, 이런 동통으로 인해 종골에 대해 구제술이나 2차적 재건술이 필요할 수도 있다. 2) 경종골 거주상 관절 탈구는 외국 문헌에 증례 CSE REPORT 대한족부족관절학회지 제16권 제4호 2012 J Korean Foot nkle Soc. Vol. 16. No. 4. pp.270-275, 2012 종골 부정 유합에 동반된 거주상 관절 아탈구의 치료 (1예 보고) 인제대학교 의과대학 일산백병원 정형외과 차성무 장보훈 서진수 Treatment of Talonavicular Subluxation

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 불안정흉추골절환자에서척추경나사못고정술 * 한인호 송근성 Thoracic Pedicle Screw Fixation and Fusion in Unstable T

KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 불안정흉추골절환자에서척추경나사못고정술 * 한인호 송근성 Thoracic Pedicle Screw Fixation and Fusion in Unstable T KISEP Clinical rticle J Korean Neurosurg Soc 32334-340, 2002 불안정흉추골절환자에서척추경나사못고정술 * 한인호 송근성 Thoracic Pedicle Screw Fixation and Fusion in Unstable Thoracic Spine Fractures In Ho Han, M.D., Geun Sung Song,

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 퇴행성요추질환환자에서척추유합술후발생한인접분절의퇴행성변화에대한수술적치료 * 김영수 구성욱 조용은 진병호 윤영설 진동규 Surgical Treatment of

KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 퇴행성요추질환환자에서척추유합술후발생한인접분절의퇴행성변화에대한수술적치료 * 김영수 구성욱 조용은 진병호 윤영설 진동규 Surgical Treatment of KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc 32323-328, 2002 퇴행성요추질환환자에서척추유합술후발생한인접분절의퇴행성변화에대한수술적치료 * 김영수 구성욱 조용은 진병호 윤영설 진동규 Surgical Treatment of Adjacent Segment Degeneration after Spinal Fusion in

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

01-노정호

01-노정호 대한척추외과학회지제 15 권제 2 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 15, No. 2, pp 67~72, 2008 흉요추부골절에서자기공명영상의임상적중요성 노정호 # 정남수 박정욱 신동선 전창훈 아주대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 성민병원정형외과 # Clinical Importance of MRI in Thoracolumbar Spinal

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

김범수

김범수 Analysis of Outcomes after Resection of Sarcomatous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Purpose: Sarcomatous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. Therefore, the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

05-김환정/

05-김환정/ 요부변성후만증환자에서의술후시상면교정에대한방사선학적분석 대한척추외과학회지제 16 권제 3 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surgery Vol. 16, No. 3, pp 177~185, 2009 DOI:10.4184/jkss.2009.16.3.177 김환정 강종원 양대석 강성일 박건영 # 박재국 $ 성환일 최원식 을지대학교의과대학정형외과학교실,

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Kyphotic Deformity after Spinal Fusion in a Patient with Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis - A Case

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Kyphotic Deformity after Spinal Fusion in a Patient with Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis - A Case Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Kyphotic Deformity after Spinal Fusion in a Patient with Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis - A Case Report - Jaedong Kim, M.D., Jaewon Lee, M.D., Ye-Soo

More information

09-이재철

09-이재철 대한척추외과학회지제 14 권제 2 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp 115~119, 2007 척추관협착증환자에서발견된제 4 요추부선천성편측척추경결손 - 증례보고 - 김연일 이재철 최우석 신병준 순천향대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 척추센터 Congenital Absence of a Pedicle of L4

More information

노영남

노영남 Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w 497 의사학 제24권 제2호(통권 제50호) 2015년 8월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː497-532 Aug 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.497 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 역시만필( 歷 試 漫 筆 ) 의 사례로 재구성한 조선후기 여성의 삶과 질병

More information

Microsoft Word - 20-김용민.DOC

Microsoft Word - 20-김용민.DOC 대한골절학회지제 17 권, 제 2 호, 2004 년 4 월 Journal of the Korean Fracture Society Vol. 17, No. 2, April, 2004 흉요추부골절에서자기공명영상을통하여진단된골및연부조직손상의진단 김용민 김동수 최의성 손현철 박경진 한기석 * 정재중 정경일 김융성 충북대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 진단방사선과학교실 *

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

005송영일

005송영일 Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation

More information

44-4대지.07이영희532~

44-4대지.07이영희532~ A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who

More information

스포츠과학 143호 내지.indd

스포츠과학 143호 내지.indd https simtk.org,, sanghyuk0620@kspo.or.kr.... 48 SPORT SCIENCE . 33 55% 1 2 Iwamoto and Takeda 2003 3 1 3.......?... 4 SPORT SCIENCE 1. 2 3 12 16 3 6.. 5 strain gauge. 1970. 6 1) Brukner, P., Bradshaw,

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Paraplegia in an Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient with a Neglected Spine Fracture after Osteosynthesis for Fr

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Paraplegia in an Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient with a Neglected Spine Fracture after Osteosynthesis for Fr Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Paraplegia in an nkylosing Spondylitis Patient with a Neglected Spine Fracture after Osteosynthesis for Fracture of the Femur - Case Report - Jae Won You, M.D.,

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Jun;20(2): Restoratio

Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Jun;20(2): Restoratio Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Restoration of Lumbar Lordosis After Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with 4 Degree Cage in Degenerative Spinal Disease Kyu-Jung Cho, M.D., Young-Tae Kim, M.D.,

More information

Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Dec;20(4): Proxima

Original Article pissn eissn J Korean Soc Spine Surg Dec;20(4): Proxima Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Proximal Junctional Problems in Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Sagittal Imbalance Patients and Relevant Risk Factors Whoan Jeang Kim, M.D., Dae Geon

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Loss of Disc Height after Spontaneous Regression of a Herniated Lumbar Disc - A Case Report - Hyoung Bok Ki

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Loss of Disc Height after Spontaneous Regression of a Herniated Lumbar Disc - A Case Report - Hyoung Bok Ki Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Loss of Disc Height after Spontaneous Regression of a Herniated Lumbar Disc - A Case Report - Hyoung Bok Kim, M.D., Hoon-Jae Chung, M.D. J Korean Soc Spine Surg

More information

untitled

untitled 대한골절학회지제24권, 제2호, 2011년 4월 Journal of the Korean Fracture Society Vol. 24, No. 2, April, 2011 종설 흉추골절 (Thoracic Spine Fractures) 김영우ㆍ김영석ㆍ변재철ㆍ박용복 한림대학교의과대학한강성심병원정형외과학교실 서 흉추골절치료의가장중요한목표는환자의생명을유지하고신경기능을보호하며,

More information

16_이주용_155~163.hwp

16_이주용_155~163.hwp 사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin

More information

06-04-이규열

06-04-이규열 대한척추외과학회지제 15 권제 3 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 15, No. 3, pp 174~182, 2008 요추부후외방유합술후발생하는인접분절질환에관여하는위험인자 이규열 손성근 이명진 왕왕립 동아대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 Risk Factors for Adjacent Segment Disease after Posterolateral

More information

°í¼®ÁÖ Ãâ·Â

°í¼®ÁÖ Ãâ·Â Performance Optimization of SCTP in Wireless Internet Environments The existing works on Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) was focused on the fixed network environment. However, the number of

More information

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770>

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770> J of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc 15(5)497-504(2013) eissn: 2287-4747 http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.5.497 pissn: 2233-8292 도로터널의 갱구부 경관설계가 터널 내부조명에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 이미애 1 ㆍ이동희 2 * 1 아이라이트 대표이사 2

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

001-학회지소개(영)

001-학회지소개(영) Review Article Randomization, What is the Proper Method? Jin Ho Hong, M.D., Jae Chul Yoo, M.D. Shoulder & Sports medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center Purpose: Among the numerous

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp 대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo

More information

08-06김정호

08-06김정호 대한고관절학회지제 19 권제 3 호 Vol. 19, No. 3, September, 2007 외상성고관절후방탈구에동반된대퇴골두골절의치료 김정호 이상홍 문영래 김동휘 송근상 조선대학교의과대학정형외과학교실 목적 : 대퇴골두골절이동반된후방탈구환자의 Pipkin 분류에따른치료결과및합병증등을알아보고자하였다. 대상및방법 : 대퇴골두골절을동반한후방탈구중 Thompson-Epstein

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

05-11-전득수

05-11-전득수 대한척추외과학회지제 14 권제 3 호 Journal of Korean Spine Surg. Vol. 14, No. 3, pp 158~163, 2007 골다공증성척추압박골절에서풍선척추성형술시행시양측척추경접근법과단측척추경접근법의비교 전득수 신원주 양상훈 가천의과학대학교길병원정형외과학교실 Comparison of Unipedicular versus Bipedicular

More information

< FB5B5BAF1B6F32C20B8F1C2F D34292E687770>

< FB5B5BAF1B6F32C20B8F1C2F D34292E687770> Case Report J Sasang Constitut Med 2014;26(4):379-388 http://dx.doi.org/10.7730/jscm.2014.26.4.379 Abstract A Case Study of Soyangin Patient with Hyperhidrosis Treated Successfully with Hyungbangsabaek-san(

More information

The Explanation of Postoperative Change of Vertebral Rotation and Rib Hump Using 3 Dimensional Finite Element Scoliosis Model Jeong-Hyun Ha, Jae-Hyup

The Explanation of Postoperative Change of Vertebral Rotation and Rib Hump Using 3 Dimensional Finite Element Scoliosis Model Jeong-Hyun Ha, Jae-Hyup The Explanation of Postoperative Change of Vertebral Rotation and Rib Hump Using 3 Dimensional Finite Element Scoliosis Model Jeong-Hyun Ha, Jae-Hyup Lee, Young-Jun Ahn, Chang-Kyu Son*, Kwang-Hee Lee**,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

ECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy as a Treatment for Acute Radiculopathy after Osteoporotic Lumbar Compression

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy as a Treatment for Acute Radiculopathy after Osteoporotic Lumbar Compression Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy as a Treatment for Acute Radiculopathy after Osteoporotic Lumbar Compression Fracture - A Case Report - Hyoung Bok Kim, M.D., Hoon-Jae

More information

( )Jkfs095.hwp

( )Jkfs095.hwp 대한골절학회지제 19 권, 제 4 호, 2006 년 10 월 Journal of the Korean Fractrure Society Vol. 19, N o. 4, October, 2006 팔씨름에의해발생한상완골간부및내상과골절 윤여헌 하종경 * 최경업 * 이관희 신상진 이화여자대학교의과대학목동병원정형외과, 서울적십자병원정형외과 * 목적 : 팔씨름중발생한상완골골절의발생기전및치료의결과를분석하였다.

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information

24 pissn : , eissn : Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2019; 54:

24 pissn : , eissn : Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2019; 54: 24 pissn : 1226-2102, eissn : 2005-8918 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2019; 54: 24-29 https://doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2019.54.1.24 www.jkoa.org 경피적척추성형술후조기에발생한새로운척추압박골절 김종길 최병열 박영철 김동현 전주예수병원정형외과

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Review of Research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 퇴행성척추불안정환자에게시행된자가장골골편을이용한추체간유합술에서척추경나사못고정술의효과 * 김영백 박승원 황성남 최덕영 The Effect of Additiona

KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc , 2002 퇴행성척추불안정환자에게시행된자가장골골편을이용한추체간유합술에서척추경나사못고정술의효과 * 김영백 박승원 황성남 최덕영 The Effect of Additiona KISEP Clinical Article J Korean Neurosurg Soc 3202-06, 2002 퇴행성척추불안정환자에게시행된자가장골골편을이용한추체간유합술에서척추경나사못고정술의효과 * 김영백 박승원 황성남 최덕영 The Effect of Additional Transpedicular Instrumentation for Patients with Symptomatic

More information

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770>

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770> 기혼 여성이 사이버대학에서 상담을 전공하면서 겪는 경험 방기연 (고려사이버대학교 상담심리학과 부교수) * 요 약 본 연구는 기혼 여성의 사이버대학 상담전공 학과 입학에서 졸업까지의 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한 다. 이를 위해 연구참여자 10명을 대상으로 심층면접을 하고, 합의적 질적 분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 입학 전 에 연구참여자들은 고등교육의 기회를

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~ Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교 충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 27. No. 1. 1~5 2017 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 환자의마취 : 증례보고 신일동 1, 이진희 1, 박상희 1,2 * 책임저자 : 박상희, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1 번지, 충북대학교의과대학마취통증의학교실, 의학연구소 (28644), happycat19@hanmail.net

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 5 : 1031~1039 May. 2015 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과 및 기여도 분석 김방룡 1 홍재표 2* Economic

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

202 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49: 신경성파행을보이는척추관협착증을동반한골다공증성척추체압박골절

202 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49: 신경성파행을보이는척추관협착증을동반한골다공증성척추체압박골절 202 Original Article J Korean Orthop Assoc 2014; 49: 202-208 http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2014.49.3.202 www.jkoa.org 신경성파행을보이는척추관협착증을동반한골다공증성척추체압박골절환자의치료시척추체성형술에추가로시행한선택적신경차단술의임상결과및효용성 민상혁 윤성현 단국대학교의과대학정형외과학교실

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Old and New Fashion: Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery for Adjacent Segmental Spinal Stenosis after Luque Su

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Old and New Fashion: Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery for Adjacent Segmental Spinal Stenosis after Luque Su Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Old and New Fashion: Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery for Adjacent Segmental Spinal Stenosis after Luque Sublaminar Wiring and Posterolateral Fusion - Case Report

More information

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016)   ISSN 228 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

http://www.kbc.go.kr/pds/2.html Abstract Exploring the Relationship Between the Traditional Media Use and the Internet Use Mee-Eun Kang This study examines the relationship between

More information

untitled

untitled 대한정형외과학회지 : 제 44 권제 1 호 2009 J Korean Orthop Assoc 2009; 44: 123-129 추궁판절제술, 측괴나사못고정술및후방유합술을이용한경추척수증의치료 석경수ㆍ김기택ㆍ이정희ㆍ이상훈ㆍ김진수 * ㆍ어재형 경희대학교의과대학정형외과학교실, 서울의료원정형외과학교실 * The Surgical Treatment of the Cervical

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS

More information

433대지05박창용

433대지05박창용 Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This

More information

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770>

<342EBEC8BCBABFAD2CB9DAC7E2C1D82E687770> 大 韓 癩 學 會 誌 : 第 41 卷, 第 1 號 2008 Korean Leprosy Bulletin, Vol. 41, No. 1, June, 2008 마비성 하안검 외반증에 대한 lateral tarsal strip의 재조명 안성열 성형외과의원 1), 제일병원 피부과 2) 안성열 1), 박향준 2) - Abstract - Reappraisal of the

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Specific Sagittal Curve Patterns of Cervical Spine in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) Sang Min Lee, M

Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Specific Sagittal Curve Patterns of Cervical Spine in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) Sang Min Lee, M Journal of Korean Society of Spine Surgery Specific Sagittal Curve Patterns of Cervical Spine in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) Sang Min Lee, M.D., Se-Il Suk, M.D., Myeong-Sang Moon, M.D., Seung-Soo

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information