untitled

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "untitled"

Transcription

1 Original Article PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 26, No. 3, September, Evaluation of Dosimetric Leaf Gap (DLG) at Different Depths for Dynamic IMRT Kyung Hwan Chang, Jungwon Kwak, Byungchul Cho, Chiyoung Jeong, Jae Beom Bae, Sang Min Yoon, Sang-wook Lee Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea This study is to evaluate thedosiemtric leaf gap (DLG) at different depths for dynamic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in order to evaluate the absolute dose and dose distribution according to the different positions of tumors and compare the measured and planned the multileaf collimator (MLC) transmission factor (T.F.) and DLG values. We used the 6 MV and 15 MV photon beam from linear accelerator with a Millenium 120 MLC system. After the import the DICOM RT files, we measured the absolute dose at different depths (2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm) to calculate the MLC T. F. and DLG. For 6 MV photon beam, the measured both MLC T. F. and DLG were increased with the increase the measured depths. When applying to treatment planning systemas fixed transmission factor with its value measured under the reference condition at depth of 5 cm, although the difference fixed and varied transmission factor is not significant, the dosiemtric effect could be presented according to the depth that the tumor is placed. Therefore, we are planning to investigate the treatment planning system whichthe T. F. and DLG factor according to at the different depths can be applied in the patient-specific treatment plan. Key Words: Dosimetric leaf gap (DLG), MLC transmission factor, MLC files, Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), Patient-specific plan 서 세기조절방사선치료 (IMRT: Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy), 체적조절회전방사선치료 (VMAT: Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy) 및정위적체부방사선치료 (SBRT: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy) 기법들은정상장기에전달되는방사선량을최소화하는동시에종양에전달되는방사선량을최적화할수있기때문에사용률이증대되고있다. 1-3) 이러한치료기법들을이용하여종양치료면적에최적화된선량분포및치료계획을수립하기위해서는다엽콜리메이 This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2014R1A1A ) and by Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center ( ). Received 15 September 2015, Revised 18 September 2015, Accepted 21 September 2015 Correspondence: Jungwon Kwak (jwkwak0301@gmail.com) Tel: , Fax: cc This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 론 터 (MLC: Multileaf Collimator) 가필요하다. 4-5) 그리고다엽콜리메이터를이용할경우엽투과계수 (leaf transmission factor) 및선량학적엽간격 (DLG: Dosimetric Leaf Gap) 값등을측정하여치료계획시스템에입력해주어야한다. 다엽콜리메이터의구조는제조사별로 (Varian, Elekta, and Siemens) 다른형태및선량학적특징을가지고있다. 6) 이중 Varian 사에서제작한 Millenium 120 MLC (Varian Medical System, Palo, Alto, CA, USA) 는 rounded leaf 형태이다. 중심으로부터가운데 40 쌍의엽폭은 0.5 cm이고, 나머지엽의폭은 1.0 cm이다. 다엽콜리메이터의반지름은 8 cm이고, 6 MV 광자선에서의 intra-leaf transmission은약 1.8% 이다. 7,8) 다수의연구자들은엽두께및모양, 다엽콜리메이터의속도에따른치료계획및선량학적인분포의영향에대해서연구를진행하였다. 9-14) 또한다엽콜리메이터파라메터중의하나인선량분포와선량계산의최적화에영향을미치는 DLG 값의영향에대하여다수의연구자들은연구를진행하였다 ) Lallth K. et al. 등 15) 은밀레니엄 120 다엽콜리메이터를이용하여다엽콜리메이터의이동구간에서모든쌍의다엽콜리메이터에대해서 DLG 값을측정하였고,

2 Kyung Hwan Chang, et al:evaluation of Dosimetric Leaf Gap (DLG) at Different Depths for Dynamic IMRT MapCHECK 다이오드 array 시스템을사용하여 2차원적으로변화되는 DLG 값을측정하였다. 이연구에서는 0.5 cm 의폭으로된안쪽 40쌍들의다엽콜리메이터에서의 DLG값은 0.2 mm로매우비슷하였고, 바깥쪽 20쌍 ( 폭 : 1.0 cm) 들은약 0.3 mm에서 0.5 mm까지 DLG 값의변화가발생하였다고보고하였다. Yao W 등 17) 은세개의다른다엽콜리메이터의구조를지닌 Varian millenum 120 MLC, HD 120 MLC, Siemen 160 MLC 시스템에서균일하고비균일한다엽콜리메이터의테스트조사면적을이용하여최적화된 DLG 값을측정하였다. 그리고측정된각각의 DLG 값을치료계획시스템에적용하여최적화된치료계획을다시한번수립하여환자맞춤형치료계획의필요성을설명하였다. Lee 등 18) 은세기조절방사선수술치료기법에서측정된 DLG 값이치료계획시스템에적용된 DLG 값과 1.0 mm 차이가발생하였을때는측정된내부장기의선량값과치료계획시스템에서계산된선량값이최대 30.8% 차이를나타낸다고설명하였다. Mei 등 19) 은 1차원다이오드배열시스템과 2차원전자포털영상장치 (EPID: Electronic portal imaging device) 시스템에서의 DLG 값을측정하여중심부의다엽콜리메이터에서 6.0 cm의축이탈지점까지 DLG 값이변화한다는것을확인하였다. 하지만현재치료계획시스템에적용된 DLG 값은고정된단일측정깊이 ( 선원표면간거리 : 95 cm, 깊이 : 5 cm) 에서측정한 leaf transmission factor ( 엽투과계수 ) 및 DLG 값이며단일 DLG 값으로모든환자를대상으로치료계획을수 립하고선량계산을하고있다. 따라서환자맞춤형치료계획또는최적화된치료계획및선량분포를획득하기위해서는종양이위치하는깊이의변화에따른다른 DLG 값을치료계획시스템에반영하여야한다. 본연구의목적은동적세기조절방사선치료시종양이위치한깊이에따른선량및선량분포를평가하기위하여측정깊이변화에따른 DLG 값의변화를평가하고측정된 DLG 값과치료계획시스템에서계산된 DLG 값을비교하는것이다. 재료및방법 1. 실험설정본연구에서는 Millenium 120 MLC시스템이장착된선형가속기 (Clinac IX, Varian Medical Systems, Palo, Alto, CA, USA) 를이용하였다. 모든측정은 cm 3 의 1차원소형물팬톰 (MT100T, CIVCO Medical Solutions, Orange City, Iowa, USA) 에서 0.65 cm 3 의체적을가진 Farmer type 의이온전리함 (FC65-G, Scanditronix-Wellhofer, IBA, Germany) 을이용하여수행하였다. 선형가속기의갠트리 (gantry) 와콜리메이터의각도는 0 o 로설정하였다. 이온전리함의전하수집체적의중심부가방사선빔의중심에수직이되도록설정하고, 이온전리함은선형가속기에서길이 (inline) 방향으로위치하였다. 이온전리함은전하를측정하기위하여전위계 (electrometer, Dose 1, Scanditronix-Wellhofer, Fig. 1. Start (a) and end (b) positions of the 10 mm sliding slit movementfor dosimetric leaf separation file

3 PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 26, No. 3, September, 2015 IBA, Germany) 에연결하였다. 2. MLC DICOM files DLG 값을계산하기위해서는엽투과계수를계산하기위해필요한열림조사면 (open field), 닫힘조사면 (closed field) 의의료용디지털영상및통신 (DICOM: Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) 파일과제조회사에제공한선량학적엽간격 (DLS: dosimetric leaf separation) 이 2, 6, 10, 14, 20 mm인다엽콜리메이터파일이필요하다 cm 2 조사면적에서선택된각각의엽간격파일에서의다엽콜리메이터는방사선이조사되는동안중심에서 50 mm 에서 +50 mm까지 100 mm를이동하게된다 (Fig. 1). 3. 측정모든측정은조사면적 cm 2 에서 6 MV, 15 MV광자선에너지에서 100 MU를 400 MU/min로전달되도록설정하였다. DLG 값을계산하기위해서는콜리메이터투과계수와위에서설명한 5개의선량학적엽간격 (DLS) 에서의절대선량값을측정해야한다. 콜리메이터투과계수를계산하기위해서는열림조사면 (open field), A 캐리지 (carrage) 방향으로콜리메이터가닫힌조사면과 B carrage 방향으로닫힌 DICOM RT (Radiation therapy) 파일을들여와서 3가지의파 일에서의절대선량값을측정하였다. 또한 5개의 DLS파일을들여와서절대선량값을측정하였다. 이와같은과정을수면에서부터아래로 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm 및 15 cm 지점에서이온전리함을이동시켜가며절대선량값을측정하였고, 각각의측정깊이마다선원-표면간거리 (SSD: sourcesurface distance) 를 98 cm, 95 cm, 90 cm, 85 cm로변경하여선원-중심축간의거리 (SAD: source-axis distance) 가 100 cm 가되도록설정하였다 (Fig. 2). 모든측정은각각의깊이에서 3회반복적으로측정하였다. 4. DLG 계산 위에서측정한값들을이용해서다엽콜리메이터투과계수와 DLG 값을계산하였다. 먼저, 투과계수는두종류의 closed field에서측정한평균절대선량값과 open field에서측정한절대선량값의비로써아래공식을이용하여계산하였다. 여기에서, Open은 open field에서측정한절대선량값이고, D A 와 D B 는각각 A 방향과 B방향으로닫힌조사면 (closed field) 에서측정한절대선량값을나타낸다. 그리고 Wasbø E 등 21) 은 DLG를구하는계산방법에대해서발표 Fig. 2. Schematic diagram for calculating of DLG under various depths and source-surface distances

4 Kyung Hwan Chang, et al:evaluation of Dosimetric Leaf Gap (DLG) at Different Depths for Dynamic IMRT 하였다. 본연구에서는발표된논문을참고하여 DLG를계산하였다 (Fig. 3). 5. 치료계획시스템에서의 DLG 계산 (Calculation in treatment planning system) 본연구에서는측정된 DLG 값을비교및증명하기위해서치료계획시스템 (Eclipse treatment planning system version 10, Varian Medical Systems) 에서 DLG 값을계산하였다. 위에서설명한것과같이같은설정조건을만들기위해서 cm 3 의체적을가진물팬톰을생성하고제 조회사에서제공한 5개의 DLS파일을들여왔고 open field 와두종류의 close fields를만들었다. 그리고위에서설명한실험을통해획득한두종류 (6 MV, 15 MV) 의광자선에너지에대한단일 MLC투과계수와 DLG 값을 dosimetric beam data에입력한후, 비등방성분석알고리즘 (AAA: anisotropic analytical algorithm) 을선량계산알고리즘을이용하여측정깊이가다른위치에서의점선량값을획득하였다. 결과 1. 다엽콜리메이터투과계수 (Transmission Factor, T.F.) 6 MV와 15 MV광자선에너지에서의측정된다엽콜리메이터의투과계수와치료계획시스템에서계산된다엽콜리메이터의투과계수 Fig. 4a와 Table 1에서나타내고있다. 두종류의에너지와다른깊이에서측정된값과치료계획시스템에서계산된값은전반적으로약 2.1% 범위내에서차이가나는것을확인하였다. 하지만 6 MV 광자선의경우, 5 cm의깊이에서의투과계수값이약 2.1% 차이가나는것을확인할수있었다. 그리고 6 MV 광자선의경우, 측정깊이가증가함에따라서투과계수값이증가한다는것을확인하였다. 2. DLG 값 Fig. 3. An example of linear extrapolation for derivation of a DLG at different depths (2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm,15 cm) for 6 MV photon beam. Fig. 4b와 Table 2에서는 6 MV와 15 MV 광자선에너지에서의측정된 DLG 값과치료계획시스템에서계산된 DLG값을나타내고있다. 6 MV 광자선의경우, 양군간의 Fig. 4. Measured and planned transmission factor (a) and dosimetric leaf gap (b) at different depths for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beam

5 PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 26, No. 3, September, 2015 Table 1. Comparison of measured and planned transmission factor at different depths for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beam. Depth (cm) 6 MV 15 MV Measurement (%) RTP (%) Difference (%) Measurement (%) RTP (%) Difference (%) Table 2. Comparison of measured and planned dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) at different depths for 6 MV and 15 MV photon beam. Depth (cm) 6 MV 15 MV Measurement (cm) RTP (cm) Difference (%) Measurement (cm) RTP (cm) Difference (%) 값이차이가 4.09% 로최소차이가나는깊이는 2 cm 깊이였고, 14.82% 로써가장큰차이를보이는깊이는 15 cm라는것을확인하였다. 6 MV 광자선의경우, 측정값에서는측정깊이가증가함에따라서 DLG 값이증가하는것을확인할수있었지만계산된값에서는 5 cm 깊이까지는 DLG 값이증가하지만그이후에측정깊이가깊어짐에따라서 DLG값이변동된다는것을확인하였다. 15 MV 광자선의경우, 15 cm 깊이에서측정된값과계산된값의최대차이가 3.4% 이었고, 10 cm의깊이 10 cm에서측정한값의차이가 0.7% 로가장작은것을확인하였다. 또한측정된값과계산된 DLG 값모두 5 cm 깊이까지는증가하였지만그이상의깊이에서는다시감소하는경향을보였다. 고찰본연구에서는동적세기조절방사선치료시종양이위치한깊이에따른선량및선량분포를평가하기위하여측정깊이변화에따른 DLG 값의변화를평가하고측정된 DLG 값과치료계획시스템에서계산된 DLG 값을비교하였다. 또한 5 cm의측정깊이와 95 cm의선원-표면간거리의기준조건에서측정한다엽콜리메이터투과계수를치료계획시스템에적용했을때다른깊이에서의 DLG변화에대한연구를수행하였다. 6 MV 광자선의결과를보면, 측정한값과치료계획시스 템에서계산된투과계수값은측정깊이가증가함에따라증가하는것을확인할수있다 (Fig. 4a). 하지만, 15 MV 광자선의경우, 측정깊이에상관없이투과계수의값이거의동일하다는것을확인할수있었다. 이결과로보았을때, 6 MV 광자선을이용하여심부에위치한종양을치료할경우다엽콜리메이터투과계값을고려해야한다는것을확인할수있었다. 또한치료계획시스템의결과를보면깊이가증가함에도불구하고투과계수의값이변화가없어서두값에서최대 2.1% 차이를보이는것을확인하였다. 치료계획시스템의오류인지확인하기위해재선량계산을하고투과계수를획득하였지만결과값은변하지않았다. 이원인은정확하게는모르겠지만, 본연구에서는이온전리함이위치한 1차원소형물팬텀에대해서전산화단층촬영장치 (CT: computed tomography) 영상을획득하지않고치료계획시스템에서가상의물팬톰을만들었기때문에이러한차이가날수있지않을까추측해보았다. 향후이차이에대한분석을위해연구를진행할필요가있다고생각된다. Wasbø E 등 21) 은 6 MV와 15 MV 광자선에서측정깊이를 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm에서투과계수와 DLG를측정하였을때 6 MV의경우깊이가증가함에따라서두값약간증가하는현상을보였지만 15 MV의경우에서는크게변화하지않는다는것을보고하였다. 본연구에서의결과와비교하였을때, 6 MV의경우 Wasbø E 등 21) 의결과와유사하게측정깊이가증가함에따라서다엽콜리메이터투과계수와

6 Kyung Hwan Chang, et al:evaluation of Dosimetric Leaf Gap (DLG) at Different Depths for Dynamic IMRT DLG 값은증가된다는것을확인하였다. 하지만 15 MV의경우, 본연구에서는 10 cm의측정깊이에서 DLG 값이약간감소하는것을확인하였다 (Table 2 and Fig. 4). 본연구에서는 DLG값을계산하는데영향을미치는다엽콜리메이터투과계수를기준조건하에서측정한고정된값을치료계획시스템에적용하였을때다른측정깊이에서의 DLG 값이어떻게변하는지를평가하였다. 본연구에서는실제임상에서종양이위치하는깊이에따른선량학적영향에대한연구는포함하지않은제한점이있다. 따라서, 종양의위치가다른두경부암과췌장또는전립선암종류에대해서 DLG값의변화에따른각각의종양의선량학적분포에대한연구를진행하여종양이위치하는깊이에따른다엽콜리메이터투과계수및 DLG 값을각각의치료계획에반영하여최종적으로는환자맞춤형치료계획이될수있도록연구를진행할예정이다. 결 동적세기조절방사선치료시종양이위치한깊이에따른선량및선량분포를평가하기위하여측정깊이변화에따른 DLG 값의변화를평가하고측정된 DLG 값과치료계획시스템에서계산된 DLG 값에대해서비교및평가하였다. 비록측정깊이에따른다엽콜리메이터의투과계수및 DLG의절대적인값은크게차이가나지는않지만, 이러한영향이실제치료계획에선량학적영향을미칠수있을개연성을확인하였다. 향후다엽콜리메이터투과계수및 DLG 값을각각의치료계획에반영할수있는자동시스템을만들어최종적으로는환자맞춤형치료계획이될수있도록연구를진행할예정이다. 론 References 1. Otto K: Volumetric modulated arc therapy: IMRT in a single gantry arc. Med Phys. 35: (2008) 2. Xing L, Thorndyke B, Schreibmann E, Yang Y, Li TF, Kim GY, Luxton G, Koong A: Overview of image-guided radiation therapy. Med Dosim. 31: (2006) 3. Yoon SM, Lim YS, Park MJ, et al: Stereotactic body radiation therapy as an alternative treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One. 8:e79854 (2013) 4. Kantz S, Söhn M, Troeller A et al: Impact of MLC properties and IMRT technique in meningioma and head-and-neck treatments. RadiatOncol. 10:184 (2015) 5. Yu CX1, Li XA, Ma L, et al: Clinical implementation of intensity-modulated arc therapy. Int J RadiatOncolBiol Phys. 53: (2002) 6. Huq MS, Das IJ, Steinberg T, Galvin JM: A dosimetric comparison of various multileaf collimators. Phys Med Biol. 47:N (2002) 7. Williams MJ, Metcalfe P: Verification of a rounded leaf-end MLC model used in a radiotherapy treatment planning system. Phys Med Biol. 51:N65-78 (2006) 8. Mohan R, Jayesh K, Joshi RC, et al: Dosimetric evaluation of 120-leaf multileaf collimator in a Varian linear accelerator with 6-MV and 18-MV photon beams. J Med Phys. 33:114-8 (2008) 9. Wu QJ, Wang Z, Kirkpatrick JP, et al: Impact of collimator leaf width and treatment technique on stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy plans for intra- and extracranial lesions. RadiatOncol. 21:4 (2009) 10. Hong CS, Ju SG, Kim M, et al: Dosimetric effects of multileaf collimator leaf width on intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Med Phys. 41: (2014) 11. Sharma DS, Dongre PM, Mhatre V, Heigrujam M: Physical and dosimetric characteristic of high-definition multileaf collimator (HDMLC) for SRS and IMRT. J ApplClin Med Phys. 12:3475 (2011) 12. LoSasso T, Chui CS, Ling CC: Physical and dosimetric aspects of a multileaf collimation system used in the dynamic mode for implementing intensity modulated radiotherapy. Med Phys. 25: (1999) 13. Wijesooriya K, Bartee C, Siebers JV, et al: Determination of maximum leaf velocity and acceleration of a dynamic multileaf collimator: implications for 4D radiotherapy. Med Phys. 32: (2005) 14. Shang Q, Qi P, Ferjani S, Xia P: Effect of MLC leaf width on treatment adaptation and accuracy for concurrent irradiation of prostate and pelvic lymph nodes. Med Phys. 40: (2013) 15. Kumaraswamy LK, Schmitt JD, Bailey DW, et al: Spatial variation of dosimetric leaf gap and its impact on dose delivery. Med Phys. 41: (2014) 16. Kielar KN, Mok E, Hsu A, Wang L, Luxton G: Verification of dosimetric accuracy on the TrueBeamSTx: rounded leaf effect of the high definition MLC. Med Phys. 39: (2012) 17. Yao W, Farr JB: Determining the optimal dosimetric leaf gap setting for rounded leaf-end multileaf collimator systems by simple test fields. J ApplClin Med Phys. 16(4):5321 (2015) 18. Lee JW, Choi KS, Hong S, et al: Effects of static dosimetric leaf gap on MLC-based small-beam dose distribution for intensity-modulated radiosurgery. J ApplClin Med Phys. 8:2397 (2007) 19. Mei X, Nygren I, Villarreal-Barajas JE: On the use of the MLC dosimetric leaf gap as a quality control tool for accurate dynamic IMRT delivery. Med Phys. 38: (2011) 20. Szpala S, Cao F, Kohli K: On using the dosimetric leaf gap to model the rounded leaf ends in VMAT/RapidArc plans. J ApplClin Med Phys. 15:4484 (2014) 21. Wasbø E, Valen H: Dosimetric discrepancies caused by differing MLC parameters for dynamic IMRT. Phys Med Biol. 53(2): (2008)

7 PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 26, No. 3, September, 2015 동적세기조절방사선치료에서깊이에따른 DLG 변화분석 서울아산병원방사선종양학과 장경환ㆍ곽정원ㆍ조병철ㆍ정치영ㆍ배재범ㆍ윤상민ㆍ이상욱 본연구에서는동적세기조절방사선치료에서깊이에따른 DLG (Dosimetric Leaf Gap) 의변화가치료계획시스템에서의선량계산의정확성에미치는영향을평가하고자하였다. 6 MV와 15 MV광자선에대하여동일한 SAD 조건하에 4개의다른깊이 (2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm) 에서측정된다엽콜리메이터의투과계수와 DLG 값을치료계획시스템에적용하여 DLG 측정과정을모사하였을때계산된투과계수와 DLG 값들을각각의측정값들과비교하여분석하였다. 이를위하여 Millenium 120 MLC시스템이장착된단일선형가속기가사용되었다. 각각다른깊이에서측정된 DLG와투과계수값을적용하였을때치료계획시스템을이용한모사에서는투과계수의경우 1% 이내로계산과측정이일치함을보이는반면에 DLG 값은 15 MV 경우 5% 이내의차이를보이고 6 MV에서는최대깊이인 15 cm에서 15% 이상차이가보였다. 실제의경우 15 MV 경우 15 cm 깊이까지 DLG의변화에의한실험과계산의차이가작은반면 6 MV 경우, 10 cm 이상의깊이에서는치료계획시스템에서계산된값이측정과크게차이를나타냈다. 다엽콜리메이터투과계수를기준조건하에서측정한고정된값을치료계획시스템에적용하였을때측정깊이에따른고정된투과계수값과변화된투과계수값의차이는크지는않지만종양이위치하는깊이에따라서선량학적영향이나타날수있으므로깊이에따른다엽콜리메이터투과계수및 DLG 값을각각의치료계획에반영하여환자맞춤형치료계획이될수있도록해야할것이다. 중심단어 : 선량학적엽간격, 다엽콜리메이터투과계수, 다엽콜리메이터파일, 세기조절방사선치료, 환자맞춤형치료계획

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

Yn-U-Medicine#(25#2#01) 김성규(종설).hwp

Yn-U-Medicine#(25#2#01) 김성규(종설).hwp 영남의대학술지제25권제2호 Yeungnam Univ. J. of Med. Vol.25 No.2 p85-91, Dec. 2008 종설 세기조절방사선치료의정도관리 김성규 영남대학교의과대학방사선종양학교실 Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiation Theray Sung-Kyu Kim 1) -Abstract- Department

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

untitled

untitled PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 24, No. 2, June, 2013 Evaluation of the Accuracy for Respiratory-gated RapidArc Jiwon Sung*, Myonggeun Yoon*, Weon Kuu Chung, Sun Hyun Bae, Dong Oh Shin, Dong Wook Kim

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 26. No. 1. 1~ 초기유방암환자에서조사야내조사야전유방방사선치료의 선량분포특성 김원동 * 책임저자 : 김원동, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1, 충북대학교의과대학방사선종양학교실, 의학연구소 (28644),

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 26. No. 1. 1~ 초기유방암환자에서조사야내조사야전유방방사선치료의 선량분포특성 김원동 * 책임저자 : 김원동, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1, 충북대학교의과대학방사선종양학교실, 의학연구소 (28644), 충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 26. No. 1. 1~9 2016 초기유방암환자에서조사야내조사야전유방방사선치료의 선량분포특성 김원동 * 책임저자 : 김원동, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1, 충북대학교의과대학방사선종양학교실, 의학연구소 (28644), wdkim3@chungbuk.ac.kr (Tel: 043-269-6213, Fax: 043-269-6208)

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

08.hwp

08.hwp 박 기 식 여주대학 토목과 (2001. 10. 24. 접수 / 2002. 6. 14. 채택) A Study on the Longitudinal Vibration of Finite Elastic Medium using Laboratory Test Ki-Shik Park Department of Civil Engineering, Yeojoo Institute of

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

45-51 ¹Ú¼ø¸¸

45-51 ¹Ú¼ø¸¸ A Study on the Automation of Classification of Volume Reconstruction for CT Images S.M. Park 1, I.S. Hong 2, D.S. Kim 1, D.Y. Kim 1 1 Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, 2 Dept. of Radiology,

More information

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770>

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770> J of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc 15(5)497-504(2013) eissn: 2287-4747 http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.5.497 pissn: 2233-8292 도로터널의 갱구부 경관설계가 터널 내부조명에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 이미애 1 ㆍ이동희 2 * 1 아이라이트 대표이사 2

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 링크 품질에 기반한 라우팅에 대한 효과적인 싱크홀 공격 탐지 기법 901 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 링크 품질에 기반한 라우팅에 대한 효과적인 싱크홀 공격 탐지 기법 (A Effective Sinkhole Attack Detection Mechanism for LQI based Routing in WSN) 최병구 조응준 (Byung

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

......30..1....

......30..1.... The Comparison the Output dose of a Linear Accelerator Photon Beams by Using the Ionization Chamber IC-10 Series Through TG-21 Protocol to Postal Monitoring Output of MDACC for One and Half Decade Tae

More information

???춍??숏

???춍??숏 Suseong gu Council Daegu Metropolitan City www.suseongcouncil.daegu.kr Contents SUSEONG GU COUNCIL DAEGU METROPOLITAN CITY 10 www.suseongcouncil.daegu.kr 11 SUSEONG GU COUNCIL DAEGU METROPOLITAN CITY

More information

untitled

untitled Original Article PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 26, No. 1, March, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2015.26.1.36 Calculation of Dose Distribution for SBRT Patient Using Geant4 Simulation Code Jeongku

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT

More information

(000-000)실험계획법-머리말 ok

(000-000)실험계획법-머리말 ok iii Design Analysis Optimization Design Expert Minitab Minitab Design Expert iv 2008 1 v 1 1. 1 2 1. 2 4 1. 3 6 1. 4 8 1. 5 12 2 2. 1 16 2. 2 17 2. 3 20 2. 4 27 2. 5 30 2. 6 33 2. 7 37 2. 8 42 46 3 3.

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 16 Jul.; 27(7), 64662. http://dx.doi.org/./kjkiees.16.27.7.646 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226 (Online) 2D Microwave Image

More information

<31325FB1E8B0E6BCBA2E687770>

<31325FB1E8B0E6BCBA2E687770> 88 / 한국전산유체공학회지 제15권, 제1호, pp.88-94, 2010. 3 관내 유동 해석을 위한 웹기반 자바 프로그램 개발 김 경 성, 1 박 종 천 *2 DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED JAVA PROGRAM FOR NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PIPE FLOW K.S. Kim 1 and J.C. Park *2 In general,

More information

한 fm

한 fm 연구논문 Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society 27(1), 18-22 (2017) ISSN (Print) 1598-5385 ISSN (Online) 2233-6648 https://doi.org/10.4283/jkms.2017.27.1.018 Effect of Transverse Magnetic Field on Build-up

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

목 차 회사현황 1. 회사개요 2. 회사연혁 3. 회사업무영역/업무현황 4. 등록면허보유현황 5. 상훈현황 6. 기술자보유현황 7. 시스템보유현황 주요기술자별 약력 1. 대표이사 2. 임원짂 조직 및 용도별 수행실적 1. 조직 2. 용도별 수행실적

목 차 회사현황 1. 회사개요 2. 회사연혁 3. 회사업무영역/업무현황 4. 등록면허보유현황 5. 상훈현황 6. 기술자보유현황 7. 시스템보유현황 주요기술자별 약력 1. 대표이사 2. 임원짂 조직 및 용도별 수행실적 1. 조직 2. 용도별 수행실적 用 役 指 名 願 금번 貴 社 에서 실시하고자 하는 用 役 에 참여하고자 當 社 의 指 名 願 을 提 出 하오니 審 査 하시고 指 名 하여 주시면 감사하겠습니다. 2014년 (주)하우드 엔지니어링 종합건축사사무소 대표이사 문 홍 길 대표이사 채 희 대표이사 이 재 규 대표이사 김 성 우 SUBMISSION We are submitting our brochure

More information

2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, )

2009;21(1): (1777) 49 (1800 ),.,,.,, ( ) ( ) 1782., ( ). ( ) 1,... 2,3,4,5.,,, ( ), ( ),. 6,,, ( ), ( ),....,.. (, ) (, ) Abstract Kim Dal-Rae, Kim Sun-Hyung* Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee Univ. *Dept. of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyung-Hee

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

<494352503131335FC1F8B9E6B1B3C0B02E687770>

<494352503131335FC1F8B9E6B1B3C0B02E687770> ICRP 간행물 113 진단 및 중재 절차를 위한 방사선방호 교육훈련 Education and Training in Radiological Protection for Diagnostic and Interventional Procedures 대한방사선방어학회 이 번역본 발간은 2011년도 원자력안전위원회 방사선안전기술 개 발사업 과제 지원(한국동위원소협회로 부터

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2013) 26(1), 201 208 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2013.26.1.201 A Note on Model Selection in Mixture Experiments with Process Variables Jung Il Kim a,1

More information

PJTROHMPCJPS.hwp

PJTROHMPCJPS.hwp 제 출 문 농림수산식품부장관 귀하 본 보고서를 트위스트 휠 방식 폐비닐 수거기 개발 과제의 최종보고서로 제출 합니다. 2008년 4월 24일 주관연구기관명: 경 북 대 학 교 총괄연구책임자: 김 태 욱 연 구 원: 조 창 래 연 구 원: 배 석 경 연 구 원: 김 승 현 연 구 원: 신 동 호 연 구 원: 유 기 형 위탁연구기관명: 삼 생 공 업 위탁연구책임자:

More information

untitled

untitled Original Article PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 25, No. 2, June, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2014.25.2.110 Comparison of the Dose Distributions with Beam Arrangements in the Stereotactic Body

More information

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770>

<313630313032C6AFC1FD28B1C7C7F5C1DF292E687770> 양성자가속기연구센터 양성자가속기 개발 및 운영현황 DOI: 10.3938/PhiT.25.001 권혁중 김한성 Development and Operational Status of the Proton Linear Accelerator at the KOMAC Hyeok-Jung KWON and Han-Sung KIM A 100-MeV proton linear accelerator

More information

04-다시_고속철도61~80p

04-다시_고속철도61~80p Approach for Value Improvement to Increase High-speed Railway Speed An effective way to develop a highly competitive system is to create a new market place that can create new values. Creating tools and

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A528B1E8C1BEB9E8292E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A528B1E8C1BEB9E8292E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 18, No. 11 : 2593~2599 Nov. 2014 오픈소스 모바일 UI컴포넌트 선정 절차 프레임워크 손효정 1 이민규 2 성백민

More information

untitled

untitled Original Article PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 25, No. 4, December, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2014.25.4.255 Feasibility Study of the microdiamond Detector for Measurement of Small Field Photon

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 28(3), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Mar.; 28(3), 163 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.3.163 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PCB

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 27(6), 495 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.495 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Design

More information

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할 저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,

More information

2 : (JEM) QTBT (Yong-Uk Yoon et al.: A Fast Decision Method of Quadtree plus Binary Tree (QTBT) Depth in JEM) (Special Paper) 22 5, (JBE Vol. 2

2 : (JEM) QTBT (Yong-Uk Yoon et al.: A Fast Decision Method of Quadtree plus Binary Tree (QTBT) Depth in JEM) (Special Paper) 22 5, (JBE Vol. 2 (Special Paper) 22 5, 2017 9 (JBE Vol. 22, No. 5, Sepember 2017) https://doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2017.22.5.541 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) (JEM) a), a), a) A Fast Decision Method of Quadtree

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

<BFA9BAD02DB0A1BBF3B1A4B0ED28C0CCBCF6B9FC2920B3BBC1F62E706466>

<BFA9BAD02DB0A1BBF3B1A4B0ED28C0CCBCF6B9FC2920B3BBC1F62E706466> 001 002 003 004 005 006 008 009 010 011 2010 013 I II III 014 IV V 2010 015 016 017 018 I. 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 III. 041 042 III. 043

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

232 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 I. 서 론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 사회가 다원화될수록 다양성과 복합성의 요소는 증가하게 된다. 도시의 발달은 사회의 다원 화와 밀접하게 관련되어 있기 때문에 현대화된 도시는 경제, 사회, 정치 등이 복합적으로 연 계되어 있어 특

232 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 I. 서 론 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 사회가 다원화될수록 다양성과 복합성의 요소는 증가하게 된다. 도시의 발달은 사회의 다원 화와 밀접하게 관련되어 있기 때문에 현대화된 도시는 경제, 사회, 정치 등이 복합적으로 연 계되어 있어 특 한국도시행정학회 도시행정학보 제25집 제4호 2012. 12 : pp.231~251 생활지향형 요소의 근린주거공간 분포특성 연구: 경기도 시 군을 중심으로* Spatial Distribution of Daily Life-Oriented Features in the Neighborhood: Focused on Municipalities of Gyeonggi Province

More information

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770>

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770> 기혼 여성이 사이버대학에서 상담을 전공하면서 겪는 경험 방기연 (고려사이버대학교 상담심리학과 부교수) * 요 약 본 연구는 기혼 여성의 사이버대학 상담전공 학과 입학에서 졸업까지의 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한 다. 이를 위해 연구참여자 10명을 대상으로 심층면접을 하고, 합의적 질적 분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 입학 전 에 연구참여자들은 고등교육의 기회를

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric

More information

63-69±è´ë¿µ

63-69±è´ë¿µ Study on the Shadow Effect of 3D Visualization for Medical Images ased on the Texture Mapping D.Y. Kim, D.S. Kim, D.K. Shin, D.Y. Kim 1 Dept. of iomedical Engineering, Yonsei University = bstract = The

More information

, ( ) 1) *.. I. (batch). (production planning). (downstream stage) (stockout).... (endangered). (utilization). *

, ( ) 1) *.. I. (batch). (production planning). (downstream stage) (stockout).... (endangered). (utilization). * , 40 12 (2006 6) 1) *.. I. (batch). (production planning). (downstream stage) (stockout).... (endangered). (utilization). * 40, 40 12 (EPQ; economic production quantity). (setup cost) (setup time) Bradley

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

10(3)-12.fm

10(3)-12.fm w y wz 10«3y 273~280 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment p yá xá½k w y œw (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Analysis of Characteristics of Delivered Nonpoint Source Pollution at Forested Watershed

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

Jkstro029( ).hwp

Jkstro029( ).hwp 대한방사선종양학회지 004;(3):165~176 수모세포종의방사선치료후전두엽하방재발된환자에서원인분석및구제치료 004 7 19 004 9 6. :, Tel: 0)374-7633, Fax: 0)31-9033 E-mail: cosuh317@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr. 대한방사선종양학회지 004;(3):165 176 만, 이를 바탕으로 하여 최근 진행된 수모세포종에

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

10(3)-10.fm

10(3)-10.fm w y wz 10«3y 259~264 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w gj p p y Á Á½k * w m œw Á* w y œw (2010 9 28, 2010 10 12 k) Characteristics of Antiwashout Underwater Concrete for Reduction

More information

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016)   ISSN 228 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA FPS게임 구성요소의 중요도 분석방법에 관한 연구 2 계층화 의사결정법에 의한 요소별 상관관계측정과 대안의 선정 The Study on the Priority of First Person Shooter game Elements using Analytic Hierarchy Process 주 저 자 : 배혜진 에이디 테크놀로지 대표 Bae, Hyejin AD Technology

More information

°í¼®ÁÖ Ãâ·Â

°í¼®ÁÖ Ãâ·Â Performance Optimization of SCTP in Wireless Internet Environments The existing works on Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) was focused on the fixed network environment. However, the number of

More information

Æ÷Àå82š

Æ÷Àå82š Yun, Ilsoo (E-mail : ilsooyun@ajou.ac.kr) Oh, Cheol (E-mail : cheolo@hanyang.ac.k) Ahn, Hyunkyung (E-mail : anhyunkyung@ajou.ac.kr) Kim, Kyunghyun (E-mail : kk6661@ajou.ac.kr) Han, Eum (E-mail : hano3106@ajou.ac.kr)

More information

Gray level 변환 및 Arithmetic 연산을 사용한 영상 개선

Gray level 변환 및 Arithmetic 연산을 사용한 영상 개선 Point Operation Histogram Modification 김성영교수 금오공과대학교 컴퓨터공학과 학습내용 HISTOGRAM HISTOGRAM MODIFICATION DETERMINING THRESHOLD IN THRESHOLDING 2 HISTOGRAM A simple datum that gives the number of pixels that a

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 25(3),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 25(3), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2014 Mar.; 25(3), 304310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2014.25.3.304 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

À±½Â¿í Ãâ·Â

À±½Â¿í Ãâ·Â Representation, Encoding and Intermediate View Interpolation Methods for Multi-view Video Using Layered Depth Images The multi-view video is a collection of multiple videos, capturing the same scene at

More information

Study on the Improvement of Management System through Analysis of golf semi- market: Focus on Physical Education Facility Act Ji-Myung Jung 1, Ju-Ho Park 2 *, & Youngdae Lee 3 1 Korea Institute of Sport

More information

박선영무선충전-내지

박선영무선충전-내지 2013 Wireless Charge and NFC Technology Trend and Market Analysis 05 13 19 29 35 45 55 63 67 06 07 08 09 10 11 14 15 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 36 37 38 39 40

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

untitled

untitled 영상기반방사선치료기기를위한 QA 팬텀시작품개발 * 가톨릭대학교의과대학의공학교실, 가톨릭대학교강남성모병원방사선종양학과, 가톨릭대학교성빈센트병원방사선종양학과, 국립암센터방사선종양학과 장지나 * ㆍ오승종 * ㆍ정원균 * ㆍ장홍석 ㆍ김회남 ㆍ강대규 ㆍ이두현 ㆍ서태석 * 본연구에서는영상기반방사선치료기기의영상 QA를위한필요한추가적인요소를포함시킨 QA 팬텀시제품을개발하였다.

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun Rate). STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)., -

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun Rate). STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)., - THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Jun.; 29(6), 457463. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.6.457 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Sigma-Delta

More information

jaeryomading review.pdf

jaeryomading review.pdf 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1. S. Kim, H. Y. Jeong, S. K. Kim, S. Y. Choi and K. J. Lee, Nano Lett. 11, 5438 (2011). 2. E. Menard, K. J. Lee, D. Y. Khang, R. G. Nuzzo and J. A. Rogers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84,

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

Effects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]

More information

example code are examined in this stage The low pressure pressurizer reactor trip module of the Plant Protection System was programmed as subject for

example code are examined in this stage The low pressure pressurizer reactor trip module of the Plant Protection System was programmed as subject for 2003 Development of the Software Generation Method using Model Driven Software Engineering Tool,,,,, Hoon-Seon Chang, Jae-Cheon Jung, Jae-Hack Kim Hee-Hwan Han, Do-Yeon Kim, Young-Woo Chang Wang Sik, Moon

More information

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

[ReadyToCameral]RUF¹öÆÛ(CSTA02-29).hwp

[ReadyToCameral]RUF¹öÆÛ(CSTA02-29).hwp RUF * (A Simple and Efficient Antialiasing Method with the RUF buffer) (, Byung-Uck Kim) (Yonsei Univ. Depth of Computer Science) (, Woo-Chan Park) (Yonsei Univ. Depth of Computer Science) (, Sung-Bong

More information

( )Jksc057.hwp

( )Jksc057.hwp 직장암환자의전직장간막절제술의 예측인자분석 : 불완전절제와절제시간에영향을미치는인자에관한연구 Analysis of Factors Affecting the Degree of Difficulty in Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer: Investigation of the Factors Affecting Incomplete

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

Microsoft Word - KSR2013A320

Microsoft Word - KSR2013A320 k ƒ! YWXZ º º t rzyywxzhzyw k ep k Dynamic Behavior of Bridge considering Various Light Weight Rail Vehicles Õ äø ÐãäÕò ãã Sang-Su Kim, Yong-ul Park *, Man-Cheol Kim ** Abstract The purpose of this paper

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 5 : 1031~1039 May. 2015 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과 및 기여도 분석 김방룡 1 홍재표 2* Economic

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:21~34 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/19, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] With the development of the Internet,

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

04서종철fig.6(121~131)ok

04서종철fig.6(121~131)ok Development of Mobile Applications Applying Digital Storytelling About Ecotourism Resources Seo, Jongcheol* Lee, Seungju**,,,. (mobile AIR)., 3D.,,.,.,,, Abstract : In line with fast settling trend of

More information

<30372EC0CCC0AFC1F82E687770>

<30372EC0CCC0AFC1F82E687770> 산전 초음파상 진단된 단독 대조확장증의 출생 후 예후 울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 산부인과학교실 이유진 원혜성 박상민 조현진 정 의 김선권 심재윤 이필량 김 암 Yu-Jin Lee, M.D., Hye-Sung Won, M.D., Sang-Min Park, M.D., Hyun-Jin Cho, M.D., Eui Jung, M.D., Sun-Kwon Kim,

More information

00내지1번2번

00내지1번2번 www.keit.re.kr 2011. 11 Technology Level Evaluation ABSTRACT The Technology Level Evaluation assesses the current level of industrial technological development in Korea and identifies areas that are underdeveloped

More information