THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul (Sense And Avoid), ATC(Air Traffic Control),. I

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 28(7), ISSN (Print) ISSN X (Online) UAS Spectrum Policy and Technologies for Promoting UAS Industry 강영흥 Young-Heung Kang 요약 UAS(Unmanned Aircraft System) (drone) 4 EU,,, UAS. 16 2,670 MHz. UAS,, UAS. Abstract Since the UAS(Unmanned Aircraft System) or Drone is expected to grow rapidly with the advent of the 4 th Industrial Revolution era, the EU, China, and Japan as well as United States have deveoped a national roadmap and actively fostered UAS related industries. Also, in Korea, the frequencies of 2,670 MHz bandwidth has been also supplied newly or additionaly in 2016 for Drones in order to activate promising a new UAS industry based on wireless communication, which has great potential for future industrial growth. Therefore, in this paper, some solutions to promote UAS industry has been proposed by analyzing the domestic trends, the major technologies, the frequency issues, and the law framework for UAS. Key words: UAS, Drone, Frequency, Framework. 서론 UAS,, UAS. UAS,,,, [1],[2]. (, ),,, (airspace). CNPC (Control and Non-Payload Communications). CNPC C & C(Command and Control), SAA 2016 ( : KCA ). (School of Computer, Information & Communication Engineering, Kunsan National University) Manuscript received May 2, 2017 ; Revised June 16, 2017 ; Accepted June 24, (ID No S) Corresponding Author: Young-Heung Kang ( yhkang@kunsan.ac.kr) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 509

2 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul (Sense And Avoid), ATC(Air Traffic Control),. ICAO(International Civil Aviation Organization) CNPC ITU AM(R)S(Aeronautical Mobile(Route) Service) AMS(R)S (Aeronautical Mobile Satellite(Route) Service). AM(R)S LoS(Line-of-Sight) CNPC, AMS(R)S BLoS(Beyond LoS) CNPC [3],[4]. CNPC L- DACS(Digital Aeronautical Communication Systems)., CNPC. CNPC FSS(Fixed Satellite Service), WRC- 15 WRC-23 [1],[3]. IoT,, 3 6,850 MHz. 2,670 MHz 2,520 MHz, ( ) 159 MHz ( 100 MHz, 59 MHz) [5]., UAS. IFR(Instrument Flight Rule) ATC(Air Traffic Control), Class E VFR(Visual Flight Rule),. ATC see and avoid, UAS Sense and Avoid (SAA) [5]. UAS SAA GBSAA(Ground Based SAA), ABSAA (Air Based SAA) [6].,, (needs). 2.4 GHz 5.7 GHz, VHF. UAS, UAS, UAS WRC-15 ITU-R. UAS SAA, GBSAA ATC(Air Traffic Control). UAS.. UAS 산업 2-1 UAS 이용분야 (drone) UAS(Unmanned Aircraft System),, UAS. UAS,,, 510

3 UAS ( 1 )., UAS 15 1, [2]., UAS, /,. /,,,,,. 2-2 UAS 시장 미국 UAS (nonstop) RQ-4 Global Hawk. UAS (remote tracking), 500 2,000 (3 ) (unit). FAA(Federal Aviation Administration) UAS ,000 UAS, 204, UAS, 10 ( 1 ) [2]. UAS, ISR(Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance), UAS. UAS 2035, 2. UAS UAS ,000 UAS, 175,000 [7] 유럽 3 UAS. UAS, 표 1. UAS [2] Table 1. UAS market [2]. (millions sales) Vehicle type Hobby aircraft(incl. model) Commercial use aircraft (excl. model) Total 그림 1. UAS [2] Fig. 1. UAS services [2]. 그림 2. UAS [7] Fig. 2. US UAS market forecast [7]. 511

4 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul SAA 기술 그림 3. UAS [8] Fig. 3. EU UAS market forecast in utilization sectors [8]. UAS UAS 18 [8] 국내 700, 1,000, 18 % %. 1500, 10 ( ). 3-1 개요. UAS 핵심기술 UAS,. UAS see and avoid,,. UAS GBSAA(Ground Based Sense and Avoid),. UAS SAA 2, GBSAA ABSAA(Air Based Sense and Avoid)., UAS. UAS. UAS,. (Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System: TCAS Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast: ADS-B). SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) VMC(Visual Meteorological Condition) IMC(Instrument Meteorological Condition), [9]. LiDAR(Laser/Light Detection and Ranging) VMC IMC, FOV(Field of View). (Electro-Optical: EO,, ),., IMC. 4 [9]. 3-3 GBSAA GBSAA, FAA see-and-avoid UAS. GBSAA, (correlation), (fusion),,,,. (primary) (surveillance volume) 512

5 UAS 그림 5. GBSAA [6] Fig. 5. GBSAA communication system [6]. 그림 4. [9] Fig. 4. Sensing devices [9].. GBSAA (track picture). GBSAA (scoring),,. GBSAA GBSAA UAS. GBSAA UAS. UAS GBSAA. GBSAA. GBSAA UAS, GBSAA [6]. 5 GBSAA. UAC(Unmanned Aircraft Commander), GBSAA. UAC UAS,, GBSAA, ATC, (approach control). ATC cherry point. cherry point (separation), (room) GBSAA. GBSAA. GBSAA.. UAS 주파수 4-1 UAS 주파수 CNPC 소요대역폭 WRC-12 WRC-07 RES 421, UAS C & C(Command and Control)., ITU-R LoS BLoS UAS CNPC, 513

6 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul 표 2. UAS CNPC Table 2. Required bandwidth for UAS CNPC. Communications Total bandwidth Terrestrial LoS Satellite BLoS 34 MHz 46 MHz 56 MHz for a regional-beam satellite BLoS Links - UACS to UA: 4.6 MHz - UA to UACS: 29.4 MHz - UA to SAT: 18.9 MHz - UACS to SAT: 4.1 MHz - SAT to UA: 4.1 MHz - SAT to UACS: 18.9 MHz - UA to SAT: MHz - UACS to SAT: 4.1 MHz - SAT to UA: 4.1 MHz - SAT to UACS: MHz UA: Unmanned aircraft, UACS: UA control system, SAT: Satellite CNPC 2 [10] ITU-R 분배 ITU-R LoS CNPC 960 1,164 MHz AM(R)S BLoS CNPC 5,030 5,091 MHz AMS(R)S [4]. [960 1,164 MHz 지상 LoS 링크 ] CNPC 34 MHz, UAS, 10.4 MHz, CNPC. L- (960 1,164 MHz) LoS CNPC C- (5,030 5,091 MHz) AM(R)S WRC-12. [5,030 5,091 MHz 위성 BLoS 링크 ] MLS(Microwave Landing System), UAS 56 MHz BLoS CNPC 링크 WRC-12 LoS CNPC, BLoS. 5,030 5,091 MHz LoS CNPC BLoS CNPC 56 MHz. CNPC,. BLoS CNPC. BLoS CNPC FSS WRC-15 WRC 미국 RTCA Special Committee 203 UAS L- CNPC (subband) MHz ,020 MHz.,, MHz CNPC, L- ATC MHz 국내 IoT,, 3 6,850 MHz. 2,670 MHz 2,520 MHz, ( ) 159 MHz ( 100 MHz, 59 MHz). 3 UAS [5]. 514

7 UAS 표 3. UAS [5] Table 3. UAS requencies [5]. Links Allocation Additional allocation Maximum power Total Control Payload 2,400 2,483.5 MHz 10 mw/mhz 5,030 5,091 MHz 10 W 11/12/14/19/29 GHz (2,520 MHz bandwidth) 52 W 5,091 5,150 MHz 1 W 5,725 5,825 MHz 5,650 5,725 MHz 5,825 5,850 MHz Total MHz bandwidth 2,697 MHz bandwidth 10 mw/mhz 10 mw/mhz 10 mw/mhz 2,923.5 MHz bandwidth. UAS 정책제안. 5-1 법제도 국내드론관련법 1) 25 kg, 25 kg, , 미국 FAA 규정 Part 107 [11] FAA UAS( ). UAS FAA Part 107. UAS,,, UAS. UAS, 24, UAS 국내법제도개선점,, kg, 1.,,.. 표 4. Table 4. Comparison of the law framework. Category Korea US Japan Weight < 25 kg < 25 kg < 25 kg Height < 150 m < 120 m < 150 m Speed 100 mph Licensed No Yes No Certification No Yes No Operation time Day Day + 1 hours Day 1)

8 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul ,. 5-2 기술기준정비,., Wi-Fi,, (needs). [, ], [12] 일본의 2.4 GHz 및 5.7 GHz 대역 12 kg 25 kg ( ) ,, UAS. 그림 GHz Fig GHz candidate band in Japan. 6 7, 5 km ( ) 일본의 169 MHz 대역 8 ( ( ) ),,. 그림 GHz Fig GHz candidate band in Japan 국내기술기준개정방안 그림 MHz Fig MHz candidate band in Japan. 516

9 UAS 2.4 GHz 5.7 GHz,, VHF.. 결론 UAS 4, UAS EU,,,. UAS,, UAS. UAS 3,, (swarm).,,,,.,. SAA,.,.,,,. CNPC LoS L-., CNPC BLoS. CNPC BLoS FSS WRC-15 WRC-23. UAS 11/12/14/ 19/29 GHz WRC-15 FSS, 5,091 5,150 MHz ANLE(Airport Network and Location Equipment) AMT(Aeronautical Mobile Telemetry),. 2.4 GHz 5.7 GHz, VHF.,.,, UAS, UAS. UAS, UAS,.,,,.,, UAS. References [1] KCA, " ", [2] Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty, "Rise of drones; Managing the unique risks associated with unmanned aircraft systems", Sep [3], " UAS ",, 26(10), pp , [4] M. Mostafa, M. Schnell, "Unmanned aircraft systems: Spectrum related issues for control and non-payload com- 517

10 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 7, Jul munications", Integrated Communications Navigation and Surveillance(ICNS), Apr [5], [6] T. P. Spriesterback, K. A. Bruns, L. I. Baron, and J. E. Sohlke, "Unmanned aircraft system airspace integration in the national airspace using a ground-based sense and avoid system", John Hopkins Technical Digest, vol. 32, no. 3, pp , [7] Department of The Air Force, Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Service Demand , Technical Report, Version 0.1, Sep [8] M. Ritzinger, "Practical aspects & upcoming developments of European regulations for UAS below 150 kg in context with Austrian rulemaking", Master s Thesis, University of Applied Science, Sep [9] X. Yu, Y. Zhang, "Sense and avoid techniques with applications to unmanned aircraft systems: Review and prospects", Progress in Aerospace Sciences 74, pp , [10] ITU-R Report M.2171, Characteristics of unmanned aircraft systems and spectrum requirements to support their safe operation in non-segregated airspace, Dec [11] [12] : ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : : : York : [ 주관심분야 ],, 518