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1 An analysis of the residentsʼ satisfaction of open school sport center and its determinants: Using tobit regression model Jaeyeong Yang 1, Myoungsub Choi 2, Miok Kim 3, & Jinsoo Ko 1 * 1 Kwangwoon University, 2 Seoul National University, & 3 Korea Institute of Sport Science [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusion] Key words:

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5 ʼ Table 1. Independent variables related to user satisfaction of physical Education facility Researcher (Year) Personal Usage Facility Characteristics Choung & Park(1996) Sex, Age, Education level, Occupation, Income - Facilities, appurtenant facilities, Promotion, Events, Fees, Procedures, Attitudes of employees, Leaders, Users Han & Cho(1997) Sex, Age, Occupation, Educational Background, Monthly average Income Frequency, Reason for participation in social sports activities, Period of use, Participation with family, purchase memberships, fees, etc. Exercise environment, Space, Exercise equipment, Leader 's qualities, Attitude toward members, Programs (diversity, content, effects) Kim, S. Y. et al.(2002) - - Facilities, Cultural facilities, appurtenant facilities, External space, Convenience of access, Accessibility, Convenience of parking facilities, Location (distance between rooms), Size, Installation facilities Bae et al. (2006) Sex, Income, occupation Period of use Parking, Shuttle bus, Relaxation area, Management status, Attitudes of employees, Facility management Kim & Kwak(2007) Age, Education, family Income Use time, Information use Service satisfaction (leader, facilities, cost), Service improvement (program, body composition measurement cost and service frequency, exercise prescription) Lee et al. (2009) Sex, Age, Marital status, Occupation, Residential area, Monthly average Income Participation, Exercise time, Frequency, Day of week, Time of use, type of sports, Amenities, Facilities status, Accessibility Lee & Jo (2012) Sex, Education, Occupation, Age, Residence area, Monthly Income - Program, Facilities, Accessibility, Leader, Fees Koo & Yoon(2013) Sex, Age, Education, Occupation, Average Income Period, Frequency, Exercise time, Participation motive, Participation path, Dues, type of sports, Participant value Convenience, Cost, Communication Hwang et al.(2013) Sex, Grade Frequency, Exercise experience, Exercise time, facility property, Important matters in use, Information acquisition route, Motivation Service quality (time, PR, price, human service, physical service) Satisfaction (service, facility, employees, fee, program) Intention(re-enrollment, referral, persistent, referral possibility) Park et al. (2015) Sex, Age, Occupation, Education, Income Frequency, Time of use, type of sports, Type of participation Satisfaction (leader, program, facilities)

6 Table 2. Configure the questionnaire Variable Participation awareness Usage Behavior and Satisfaction Contents Exercise Frequency, Exercise time, Type of sports Function, Know about fund support, PR Usage frequency, Period of use, Use time, How to move, Usage Problem, Satisfaction, Improvements Number of questions Total - 18 Percent user satisfaction Fig. 1. Distributions of satisfaction

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8 Table 3. Variables Description Dependent variable Personal Usage Local Facility Variables Satisfaction Education Income (10,000 KRW) Sex Age Know about fund support Purpose Period (months) Frequency (a month) Region School Type Number of regulations Weekday open Weekend open Grant Fees Operational definition Very dissatisfied = 1 ~ Very satisfied = 7 Low Highly Less than More than 700 Male Female Less than More than 60 Know Do not know Individual Club Less than More than 36 More than once Less than once City Non-city Elementary Middle High 1 2 Open Time (H) (KRW in millions) Payment(10,000KRW)

9 ʼ Table 4. Satisfaction by personal Education Income (10,000 KRW) Sex Age variables N mean sd Low highly total Lessthan Morethan Male Female Lessthan Morethan statistics test value t=1.24 F=3.02** t=0.24 F=11.04*** Table 5. Satisfaction by usage Know about Fund Support purpose period Frequency variables N mean sd Know Do not know Individual club Lessthan Morethan Morethan once Lessthan once Table 6. Satisfaction by local Region statistics test value t= t= 4.81*** F= 3.62*** t= variables N mean sd statistics test value city Non-city t=

10 Table 7. Satisfaction by facility School Type Regulation number variables N mean sd Elementary Middle High statistics test value F= 4.05*** t= Table 8. Satisfaction by facility (non-categorical) Variables mean sd Coef. Weekday open Weekend open Grant Fees

11 ʼ Table 9. User satisfaction regression analysis Personal Usage Local Facility Age School Type Variables Linear(OLS) TOBIT(MLE) Coef. t VIF Coef. t Education (Low=0) Income Sex (Male=0) (Under 20=0) * * or more ** ** Know about fund support (Do not know=0) Purpose (Club=0) ** *** Period *** *** 3.07 Frequency (Less than once=0) Region(city=0) *** *** 3.07 (Elementary=0) Middle *** *** 2.62 High Number of regulations *** *** 2.70 Weekday open *** Weekend open Grant * *** 2.23 Fees Constant /Sigma Summary F(18, 481) = 4.07 R-squared = Adj R-squared = Root MSE = Log likelihood = LR chi2 = Pseudo R2 = Lower-limited(ln(1)) = 1 Upper-limited(ln(7)) = 76

13 ʼ Bae, D. Y., & Joo, S. B. (2008). The Study of School- Gymnastic Equipment Open that Recitalization Public Exercise. Korea Sport Research, 19(6), Bae, G. Y., Kim, H. G., Cheon, I. H. (2006). A Study on the Current Trends of Service Satisfaction in the Mass Sports Facilities. Korea Sport Research, 17(6), Choung, K. H., & Park, Y. P. (1996). A Study on the Degree of Satisfaction and Desire among Social Sports Facilities Users. Journal of Korean Society of Sport Management, 1, Han, W. J., & Cho, K. M. (1997). The Multi Dimentional Analysis of Participant's Satisfaction in Sports Center. Korean Journal of Sport Management, 2(2), Hwang, I. S., Yu, H. S., Lee, H. J., Lee, S. I., Lee, S. H. (2013). The Relation between Customer`s Satisfaction about the Service Quality of University Sport Center and Intention to Reuse. Korean Society For The Study Of Physical Education, 18(1), Jang, S. J., & Nam, C. W. (2001). Efficient Usage and Managing Method for School Athletic Facility. Korean Journal of Sports Science, 10(2), Joung, Y. S., & Lee, Y. C. (2010). Analysis of Space Properties to Multiply School Sports Facilities. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 39(1), Jung, J. M. (2015). The Analysis on Efficiency for Public Libraries in Kyongsangnamdo. The Korean Journal of Local Government Studies, 19(2),

14 Kang, H. M., & Lee, H. S. (2005). A Study on Advanced Plans for Facility Management of School Physical Education through the Research on the Actual Condition. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 23, Kim, C. W., & Kwak, Y. S. (2007). A Study on Service Satisfaction and Improvement for Activating Sport for All in Community. Korea Sport Research, 18(4), Kim, J. H. (2004). A Present Condition and an Advancing Plan about Athletic Facilities in School. Journal of Korean Society of Sport Policy, 3, Kim, M. O., Ko, J. S., Noh, S. C., Chung, J. H. (2017). A study of the vitalization strategy for public sports facility through big-data. Journal of Digital Convergence, 15(2), Kim, S. K., Lee, K. W., Joung, I. H., Joung, K. I. (2002). The Problem of Current School Sports Facilities and Its Improvements. Korean Journal of Sports Science, 11(2), Kim, S. Y., Han, J. H., Kang, I. H., Park, Y. K. (2002). A Study on User's Satisfaction for Ward Sports Centers : in Seoul for the last five years. Architectural Institute of Korea Academic conference, 22(2), " Kim, S. Y. (2006). Combination method to make the school physical education facility opening as efficient. The Korean Journal of Sport, 4(1), Koo, S. Y., & Yoon, Y. J. (2013). User of Importance- Performance Analysis for the Efficient Operation of National Sports Center. The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 52(5), Korea Sports Promotion Foundation. (n. d.). Retrieved from Ku, S. J., Yoo, S. H., Kwak, S. J. (2008). Analyzing the Determinants of the Wireless Internet Consumption Expenditure. Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, 21(3), Lee, G. B., & Kim, J. H. (2004). An Effectively Activating Plan of Athletic Facilities in School for Residents in Communities. Journal of Korean Society of Sport Policy, 4, Lee, J. H., Kim, W. K., Kim, J. H. (2009). An Influence of Satisfaction Level for Each Model of Sports-for-All Facilities on Facilitation and Contribution of Sports-for-All. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 37(2), Lee, J. Y., & Jo, M. S. (2012). Analysis of Influencing Factors on Satisfaction of Life Sports Service:Focused on Incheon Metropolitan City. The Journal of Korean Policy Studies, 12(4), Lee, N. M., & Lee, K. M. (2007). The Network of Mixed-use School Sports Facility for Connecting with Community Sports. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 29, Lee, Y. H. (2000). School Athletic Facilities Situation Analysis and Application Planning for Activation Sports for All. The Journal of Korean Society of Aerobic Exercise, 4(1), Lim, D. H., & Kwon, K. H. (2012). Determinants of academic achievement in high school students in Seoul: application of tobit model for censored data. Korean Journal of Policy Analysis and Evaluation, 22(2), Lim, D. J., & Jang, S. H. (2014). Citizen Satisfaction with Public Services: Is There a Big Difference Due to Citizen Characteristics?. Korean Journal of Public Administration, 52(2), Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism(2016a). National Public Sports Facilities Status. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism(2016b). Survey on participation of physical activities. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Na, S. J., & Ko, J. G. (1999). A Study on the Uses of School Sports Facilities. The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 38(4), Park, P. S., Yoon, Y. J., Koo, S. Y. (2015). Improvement Plan of Youth Center Sports Facility Operation. Journal of Korean Society of Sport Policy, 15(4), Park, Y. P. (2003). An Application Plan for School Physical Facilities to Promote Sport for All. Korea Sport Research, 14(4), Sung, H. G., & Kim, J. Y. (2011). A Study on the Impacts of Individual Socio-Economic Status and Walking Purposes on Walking Amount : The Case of Workers in the City of Seoul. Seoul Studies, 12(2), Tobin, J. (1958). Estimation of Relationships for Limited Dependent Variables. Econometrica, 26,

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Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]