THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 3, Mar (NFC: non-foster Circuit).,. (non-foster match

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Mar.; 26(3), ISSN (Print) ISSN X (Online) Negative Impedance Converter IC for Non-Foster Matching 박홍종 이상호 박성환 권영우 Hongjong Park Sangho Lee Sunghwan Park Youngwoo Kwon 요약 Q. Linvill., μm SiGe BiCMOS, MHz. Abstract In this paper, a negative impedance converter, the key element of non-foster matching to enhance the bandwidth of matching high Q-factor passive element, is presented. Proposed negative impedance converter is implemented by the topology of Linvill s transistor negative impedance converter circuit. It is hard to forecast the operation of negative impedance circuit, because it is composed of gain element and positive feedback. Therefore the negative impedance circuit is implemented by hybrid type beforehand to check out the feasibility and it is designed by integrated circuit. The integrated circuit is fabricated by commercial 0.18μm SiGe BiCMOS process, and non-foster matching is observed at MHz band by cancelling the target reactance. Key words: BiCMOS, NIC, Non-Foster, SiGe. 서론, L, C., [1].,,.,.,, 2015 ( ) (No. 2013R1A2A1A ) BK21. (Department of Electronical and Computer Engineering and INMC, Seoul National University) Manuscript received January 16, 2015 ; Revised March 2, 2015 ; Accepted March 16, (ID No S) Corresponding Author: Hongjong Park ( park.hongjong@gmail.com) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 283

2 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 3, Mar (NFC: non-foster Circuit).,. (non-foster matching) (Negative Impedance Converter: NIC) 1950 [2],[3]. NIC E-type telephone repeater, [4]. NIC. NIC, NIC Linvill NIC [5]. NIC NIC. (Electrically Small Antenna: ESA), [6]. NIC ESA. [7],[8] MHz (a) (a) Inductor (b) (b) Capacitor 그림 1. Fig. 1. Reactance variation of passive elements according to the frequency. (a) (b) (a) Foster matching (b) Non-Foster matching 그림 2. Fig. 2. Reactance variation according to the frequency and matching method...,. 2-1 Linvill 의 NIC. 회로설명 1950 NIC. Linvill Yanagisawa., NIC Linvill NIC Yanagisawa NIC, NIC, Linvill NIC. Linvill NIC (Zref, reference impedance) (cross-coupled transistor) , 284

3 2-2 하이브리드방식의 SCS NIC 설계 그림 3. Linvill NIC Fig. 3. Schematic of simplified Linvill s NIC (Zeq). RF,,,. 3 NIC., NIC. NIC, (Open Circuit Stable: OCS) (Hort Circuit Stable: SCS) [5]. NIC (conditional stability), OCS, SCS. OCS NIC NIC, SCS NIC NIC. NIC, L, C. 3 OCS NIC. NIC MHz NIC. NIC FET Fujitsu FHX35LG., GHz NIC.,. L, C NIC 1 GHz MHz 1 F, 33 nh M1 M2 500 MHz 1.3 GHz. S-. L, C 그림 4. NIC Fig. 4. Simulated result of proposed hybrid NIC. 285

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 3, Mar. 2015. 그림 5. Fig. 5. Impedance contour of capacitor and inductor on the Smith chart. 5.,.,.. 2-3 집적회로 OCS NIC 의설계 700 MHz 960 MHz, NIC.

4 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 3, Mar 그림 5. Fig. 5. Impedance contour of capacitor and inductor on the Smith chart. 5.,., 집적회로 OCS NIC 의설계 700 MHz 960 MHz, NIC. 1.5 pf 22 nh,,. NIC. IDEC MPW 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS. HBT 1 그림 6. NIC Fig. 6. Schematic of the proposed NIC. GHz NIC. nmos pmos., on-chip IC NIC. 6. NIC, 0.5 μm 2 npn HBT. NIC FET, HBT bipolar FET,,,,. 6,,. HBT 155 GHz ft.,,. 286

5 NIC spiral MIM, thin film. 1.5 pf 22 nh,. on-chip, spiral 27 Ω Q. NIC, NIC. NIC,.. NIC, nmos pmos. pmos, nmos. pmos on-, nmos on-. NIC, CMOS. NIC 7. Vdd 2.5V DC. NIC,, 2 Ω MHz, 2.3 GHz. 그림 7. NIC Fig. 7. Simulated result of the proposed NIC IC.. 제작및측정 3-1 NIC 를비롯한비포스터회로의측정방법 NIC.,. 8 C n 1-. 8(a), R s C n. R s C n.. (a) (a) Direct measurement (b) (b) Using swamping capacitor 그림 8. Fig. 8. Measurement method of negative capacitor. 287

6 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 3, Mar (b) (swamping). 8 (b). (1) (1) C s. 8(b) C n C s.,,.,. NIC. NIC. NIC NIC (de-embedding). NIC, NIC. 3-2 하이브리드 SCS NIC 측정결과 NIC. 2 GHz S-, NIC S-. NIC SCS,. 9 (a) S-, NIC S-. (a) (b) (a) :, : + NIC (b) NIC (a) Dot: Swamping impedance, Solid: Swamping impedance + NIC (b) NIC, de-embedded 그림 9. NIC Fig. 9. Measurement result of fabricated hybrid NIC MHz, NIC...,., PCB,.. 9(b) NIC. PCB 4. 1 GHz, 500 MHz 1.1 GHz 288

(a) (b) (c) (a) Hybrid (b) IC (c) Module with IC 그림 10. NIC Fig. 10. Photograph of fabricated NIC circuits.,. NIC. 3-3 집적회로 OCS NIC 의측정결과 10 (b). NIC 615 μm 762 μm,. MMIC on-wafer probing,. 10 (c).,. 3 GHz S-, NIC S-.

7 (a) (b) (c) (a) Hybrid (b) IC (c) Module with IC 그림 10. NIC Fig. 10. Photograph of fabricated NIC circuits.,. NIC. 3-3 집적회로 OCS NIC 의측정결과 10 (b). NIC 615 μm 762 μm,. MMIC on-wafer probing,. 10 (c).,. 3 GHz S-, NIC S-. 11 (a) S-, NIC. 700 MHz 960 MHz, NIC. NIC 11 (b)., GHz S-,., (a) (b) (a) :, : + NIC (b) NIC (a) Dot: Swamping impedance, Solid: Swamping impedance + NIC (b) NIC, de-embedded 그림 11. NIC Fig. 11. Measurement result of fabricated NIC IC. 그림 12. ( ) NIC ( ) Fig. 12. Comparison between the reactance of swamping impedance(dot) and the reactance using fabricated NIC IC(solid).,,. NIC. 500 MHz 1 GHz, NIC Ω NIC Ω 289

8 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 3, Mar , NIC NIC, MHz GHz.. 결론 μm SiGe BiCMOS Linvill GHz.,,.,..,,.,, variation. multimode, multi-band. 5G band mode,., size., MMIC RF. References [1] R. M. Foster, "A reactance theorem", Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 3, no. 2, pp , Apr [2] J. L. Merrill, "Theory of the negative impedance converter", Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 30, no. 1, pp , Jan [3] G. Crisson, "Negative impedances and the twin 21-type repeater", Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 10, no. 3, pp , Jul [4] J. L. Merrill, "Theory of E-type repeaters", Trans. Amer. Inst. Elect. Electron. Eng., vol. 73, no. 2, pp , Nov [5] J. G. Linvill, "Transistor negative impedance converters", Proc. IRE, vol. 41, pp , Jun [6],,,,, "W-CDMA Balanced ",, 23(5), pp , [7] S. E. Sussman-Fort, R. M. Rudish, "Non-Foster impedance matching of electrically-small antennas", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 57, no. 8, pp , Aug [8] C. R. White, J. W. May, and J. S. Colburn, "A variable negative-inductance integrated circuit at UHF frequencies", IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 22, no. 1, pp , Jan

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9 : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ] RF Active Circuit Design : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ] CMOS RF Power Amplifier Design : ( ) : [ 주관심분야 ] MMIC Design, mm-wave Circuit and Systems : ( ) : University of Michigan ( ) : University of Michigan ( ) : Rockwell International Science Center, MTS 1996 : : : - ( ) 2013 : - ( ) [ 주관심분야 ] MMIC Design, mm-wave Circuit and Systems, Active Device Modeling, RF MEMS, Microwave Cancer Detection 291

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS