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1 Journal of Dental Hygiene Science Vol. 9, o. 5 pp. 557~561 (2009) 시판중인음료가치질의탈회에미치는영향에관한비교연구 x w e w A Comparison Study on the Effects of Commercial Drinks on Bovine Enamel Ji-Hye Park Dept. of Dental Hygiene, Masan University. 100, Yongdam-ri, eseo-up, Masan, Kyongnam, , Korea "CTUSBDU The purpose of this study was to observe the demineralization effects of commercial drinks on bovine enamel. 12 bovine teeth without dental caries were divided into 3 experimental (n = 9) and control (n = 3). All the samples immersed in beverages maintained by 37 o C in incubator respectively. The differences of surface microhardness values( VH) between before and after 45 hours were ±51.69(in Coca-cola), ±20.81(in Gatorade), 77.89±55.88(in Hite), and 23.44±29.97(in Jeju SamDaSoo). Morphological changes by scanning electron microscope were indicated that a sports drink cause significant enamel demineralization effects on the bovine enamel surface among four beverages.,fz XPSET Bovine enamel, Commercial drinks, Effect 서 k, ƒ 2004 l ƒ, ù ƒ 2004 l 2012 ¾ s, k 2004 l 2012 ¾ ƒ. wr e w 2004 l ã wš 1). e w w ü ³ w w w e 2) ³ yw w e e w 3), x ƒ kz š w. e e phƒ û w ƒ e t g ƒ 4). q w ƒ š e kz ph 5.5 w ƒ š. w e w w Grenby Corresponding author Tel: Fax: mahal23@naver.com 론 5) g w œ y z kz w e d w, Dincer 6) g,, š k w e k z x (scanning electron microscope) w w. w 7) g w e t y d w, 8) k,, sd, i p w œ y z ü ek ph y d w. wr w w e j» w ƒ Ÿy ƒƒ. Ramalingam 9) Casein phosphopeptideamorphous calcium phosphate(cpp-acp) sd ƒw e z šw, 10) 0.25% ù x y z (nanosized hydroxyapatite) w w sd e z š w. g e w, zw ƒ». g w w w Hornecker 11) g y 100 k w g w e q š, x e (DMFT

2 A Comparison Study on the Effects of Commercial Drinks on Bovine Enamel index) e(mt) ùkû. w 12) Jansson 1970 l 1990 ¾ 513 g w w w g 5 L w w e e ùk û ù e y š šw. x Kantorski 13) 40 20% g, 27% k, š w w z 56 z Mutans Streptococci(MS) e w s³ MS ( 10 ) g , k 9.78, š 5.63 ùkù g k yw MS ƒ j, w e sy ƒ k š šw. wr Streptococcus mutans ƒ ƒw w 14-16). w e w w ƒ š ù, wì g w e y w w. ü ph d w q e e ƒ š, z t, t e», DIAGOdent, š x w t mw w q ƒ t kz e w sƒwš w. 재료및방법 1. 1) q š k (ge g, ( )geg ), sd ( m, ( ) e ), š g (w p, ( )w p) 3 w w š, t (, ( ) ) w. ƒ z» 1 û w w. 2) ph d w w ph d w» w 6 ew 17). š ph meter (Radiometer Analytical, Villeurbanne, France) w pht z ƒƒ 10 ml ph d w. 3z d w s³ ph w w. 2. 1) r w t ƒ e 12 w 5mm z w wš, x ¾ 0.1% p (Sigma, USA) þ w. e j w»(labopol-1, Struers, Denmark) 800 l 2,000 z¾ wš, 6.0 µm l 0.1 µm¾ r p w. t y d w ww sy w w, r 3 5 3z q w. 2) r ƒ 48 w š, 12 1z yw. ƒ 20 ml f w 37 C o w. ph d w y w z w., k 100 ml w w k ƒ k z w. 3) t t e» d d» w t f (VH) d w. r t x 100 w d w kwš, g w ƒw z 400 d w, w r 4 d w s³ w. w x (Atomic force microscopy; anoscope III Multimode, Distal Instruments Inc, USA) w t e» (Ra) d w. cantilever ¼ 450 µm, k (spring constant) /m etched silicon cantilever w tapping mode ww. 4) Ÿw p Ÿw p DIAGOdent(Model 2095, KaVo, Germany) w ƒ r 3z d w z s³ w. 5) x r œ k e(ib-3, Eiko Co, Japan) Å Ì gqwš, x (Scanning Electron Microscope; S-4200, Hitachi Co, Japan) w 20,000 t y w. 3. m w SPSS(14.0K) w, t e», DIAGOdent, y (one-way AOVA) w w š, w ƒ 5% Tukey z w.

3 Journal of Dental Hygiene Science Vol. 9, o. 5, pp. 557~561 (2009) 결 과 1. ü ph 4 ph geg ƒ 2.52±0.00 ƒ û m (3.27±0.00), w p (4.22±0.00). ph , ph 6.66±0.00 ùkþ (Table 1). 2. w t y 48 z t geg ±51.69 VH ƒ j, m (116.26±20.81 VH), w p (77.89±55.88 VH), (23.44±29.97 VH) ùkû. z geg m w ƒ (p = 0.015)(Table 2). 3. w t e» y 48 z t e» m 0.26±0.67 Ra ƒ j e», gƒg (0.05±0.06 Ra), w p (0.01±0.01 Ra), (0.01±0.00 Ra) ùkû. z m m w ƒ (p = 0.041) (Table 3). 5BCMF The classification and ph of drinks Classification Manufacturer ph (Mean±SD) atural mineral Jeju SamDaSoo ongshim 6.66±0.00 water (Control) Carbonated Coca-cola Coca-cola 2.52±0.00 Flavored Sports Gatorade Lottechilsung 3.27±0.00 Alcohol Hite Hite 4.22±0.00 5BCMF Comparison of surface microhardness of different VH VH Jeju SamDaSoo ± ± ±29.97 A Coca-cola ± ± ±51.69 B Gatorade ± ± ±20.81 AB Hite ± ± ±55.88 AB p-value 0.210* *Denote the significance between control and experimental by oneway AOVA procedure. A,B The same characters are not significant by Tukey s multiple comparison 5BCMF Comparison of surface roughness values of different 4. w DIAGOdent e y 48 z DIAGOdent e geg 24.27±5.91 ƒ j e, m (2.07±0.99), (1.73±1.22), w p (1.20±0.92) ùkû. z g (p = 0.009) m w ƒ (Table 4). 5. w x t y 48 z x t x w. A w t, B geg w t, C m w t, š D w t š. m w t ƒ k z x (Fig. 1). 고 Ra (nm) 찰 Jeju SamDaSoo ± ± ±0.00 A Coca-cola ± ± ±0.06 AB Gatorade ± ± ±0.67 B Hite ± ± ±0.01 AB p-value 0.340* *Denote the significance between control and experimental by oneway AOVA procedure. A,B The same characters are not significant by Tukey's multiple comparison 5BCMF Comparison of DIAGOdent values of different Peak values q k geg, sd m, g, š w, ƒƒ 48 Ra Peak values Jeju SamDaSoo ± ± ±1.22 A Coca-cola ± ± ±5.91 B Gatorade ± ± ±0.99 AC Hite ± ± ±0.92 AD p-value 0.001* * Denote the significance between control and experimental by oneway AOVA procedure. A,B,C,D The same characters are not significant by Tukey's multiple comparison

4 A Comparison Study on the Effects of Commercial Drinks on Bovine Enamel 560 Fig. 1. Morphological changes of enamel surface by different beverages; 1a: Jeju SamDaSoo, 1b: Coca-cola, 1c: Gatorade, 1d: Hite 후 법랑질의 표면미세경도, 표면거칠기, DIAGOdent, 그리고 주사전자현미경에 의한 표면 관찰을 통해 음료가 법랑질 표면에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 음료 처리 전후 표면미세경도차는 코카콜 라에서 ±51.69 VH로 가장 큰 경도차를 보였으 며, 그 다음으로 게토레이(116.26±20.81 VH), 하이트 맥주(77.89±55.88 VH), 제주삼다수(23.44±29.97 VH) 의 순으로 나타났다. 사후검정 결과 제주삼다수와 코카콜 라 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p = 0.015). Wongkhantee 등 의 연구에서는 음료 처리 전후 표면미 세경도차는 콜라에서 VH, 스포츠음료에서 VH로 나타났다. 본 연구에서보다 표면미세경도차가 적은 것은 연구에서 사용된 콜라와 스포츠음료의 종류가 달랐으며, 시료도 사람의 치아를 사용하였고, ph 순환모 형을 사용하여 인공타액에 의한 재광화를 유도하였기 때 문으로 사료된다. 한편 본 연구에서 맥주는 77.89±55.88 VH을 보였지만 이 변화는 제주삼다수 23.44±29.97 VH와 비교했을 때 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 아니었 다(p = 0.471). Jager 등 도 알코올함유음료, 맥주, 탄산음 료, 생수에 우치를 총 63분 동안 담가 침식을 칼슘(Ca)과 인(P)의 용출량으로 알아본 결과 콜라에서 누적 칼슘과 인의 소실이 각각 4.44±0.22, 9.22±1.25 mmol/l로 나타나 통계적으로 유의하였으나, 맥주에서는 1.30±0.23, -0.38±1.16 mmol/l로 유의하지 않았다고 보고하였다. 음료 처리 전후 표면거칠기 차이는 게토레이에서 0.26± 0.67 Ra로 가장 큰 거칠기 차이를 보였으며, 사후검정 결 18) 19) 과 제주삼다수와 게토레이 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차 이가 있었다(p = 0.041). 이는 스포츠음료가 몸의 전해질 균형을 이루는 데에는 유익할 수 있지만 치아부식을 일으 킬 수 있다는 이전의 연구들 과 일치하는 결과이다. 또 한 음료 처리 전후 DIAGOdent 수치 차이는 코카콜라 에서 24.27±5.91로 가장 큰 수치 차이를 보였으며, 사후 검정 결과 제주삼다수와 콜라 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p = 0.009). 이러한 결과는 임상적으로 초 기우식으로 규정할 수 있을 정도의 탈회가 일어났음을 시 사하는 결과이다. 한편, 음료 처리 후 제주삼다수를 제외한 모든 실험군 에서 법랑질표면에 탈회가 나타났으며, 그 중 게토레이를 처리한 법랑질 표면에서 가장 많은 탈회 현상이 관찰되었 다. 스포츠 음료에 신선한 맛을 주기위해 첨가하는 구연 산은 ph가 상승한 후에도 법랑질 내 칼슘과 착염을 형성 하는 효과가 지속되기 때문에 큰 탈회효과를 나타낸다. 또한 김광수 등 이 음료수의 우식 유발 가능성을 수치화 한 우식잠재지수(caries potentiality index)에서도 콜라 21.39, 사이다 및 스포츠 음료 24.98으로 보고하여 스포츠 음료가 다른 대중화된 산성 음료에 비해 결코 낮 지 않은 치아우식증 유발 가능성을 나타낸다고 보고하였 다. 한편, 하이트맥주에서도 탈회를 나타내 알코올음료가 치아에 유익하지 않다는 것을 보여주었다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합해 보았을 때 탄산음료와 스포 츠음료에서 법랑질의 표면미세경도, 표면거칠기, 그리고 DIAGOdent에서 유의한 차이를 보여 이전 연구들 18,20) 21) 22) 8,23,24)

5 Journal of Dental Hygiene Science Vol. 9, o. 5, pp. 557~561 (2009) ew ùkü. w g w t y m w e. w p ph ƒ 4.22±0.00 w š, w g w wš e e x e ƒ j 11). w t ƒ, ph y x w œ k w Ÿy z ƒ w ƒ sƒ. w ü wì g ƒ e e w w sƒ w x ƒ wz q w Mutans Streptococci(MS) ƒw ƒ w. 요 약 geg, m, w p, š t w z. 1. z t geg ±51.69 VH ƒ j, m (116.26±20.81 VH), w p (77.89±55.88 VH), (23.44±29.97 VH) ùkû. 2. z t e» m 0.26±0.67 Ra ƒ j e», gƒg (0.05±0.06 Ra), w p (0.01±0.01 Ra), (0.01±0.00 Ra) ùkû. 3. z DIAGOdent e geg 24.27±5.91 ƒ j e, m (2.07±0.99), (1.73± 1.22), w p (1.20±0.92) ùkû. 4. z x t m ƒ kz x. ww q ƒ t kz j» w ƒ m w wz q Mutans Streptococci (MS) ƒw ƒ w. 참고문헌 Touger-Decker R, van Loveren C: Sugars and dental caries. Am J Clin utr 78(4): 881S-892S, Ahn HY, Lee KH, Kim DE: Erosion of tooth enamel by acidic drinks and remineralization by artificial saliva. J Korean Acad Pediatrr Dent 29(1): 84-91, Choi CH et al.: Surface microhardness changes caused by Coca-cola on sound enamel of bovine teeth. J Korean Acad Dent Health 32(2): , Grenby TH et al.: Laboratory studies of the dental properties of soft drinks. Br J utr 62(2): , Diner B, Hazar S, Sen BH: Scanning electron microscope study of the effects of soft drinks on etched and sealed enamel. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 122(2): , Youn HJ et al.: Surface microhardness changes caused by commercial drinks on sound enamel of bovine teeth. J Korean Acad Dent Health 30(1): 23-36, Seo DG et al.: Measurement of intra-plaque ph and recovery speed of soft drinks by Telemetry. J Korean Acad Dent Health 30(2): , Ramalingam L, Messer LB, Reynolds EC: Adding casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate to sports drinks to eliminate in vitro erosion. Pediatr Dent 27(1): 61-67, Min JH et al.: Effect of addition of nano-sized hydroxyapatite to a sports drink on tooth erosive potential. J Korean Acad Dent Health 31(4): , Hornecker E et al.: A pilot study on the oral conditions of severely alcohol addicted persons. J Contemp Dent Pract 154(2): 51-59, Jansson L: Association between alcohol consumption and dental health. J Clin Periodontol 35(5): , Kantorski KZ et al.: Effect of an alcoholic diet on dental caries and on Streptococcus of the mutans group. Study in rats. Braz Oral Res 21(2): , Jung GO: Glucosyltransferase inhibition of Streptococcus mutans by Dioscorea batatas and Prunella vulgaris extract. J Dent Hyg Sci 7(1): 9-12, Kang KH, Kim JY: Analysis of acid stress response in Streptococcus mutans KCTC J Dent Hyg Sci 7(1): 21-24, Paek JY et al.: Effects of antibacteria and adhesive inhibition of Scutellaria baicalensis extract on Streptococcus mutans. J Dent Hyg Sci 8(4): , Choi DY, Shin SC: A study on ph of several beverages in Korea. J Korean Acad Dent Health 20(3): , Wongkhantee S et al.: Effect of acidic food and drinks on surface hardness of enamel, dentine, and tooth-coloured filling materials. J Dent 34(3): , Jager DH et al.: Influence of beverage composition on the results of erosive potential measurement by different measurement techniques. Caries Res 42(2): , Rytmaa I et al.: In vitro erosion of bovine enamel caused by acidic drinks and other foodstuffs. Scand J Dent Res 96(4): , Jarvinen VK, Rytomaa, Heinonen Op: Risk factors in dental erosion. J Dent Res 70(6): , Kim KS: An Experimental study on the effects of soft drinks on plaque ph. Doctor s Thesis of Graduate School of Seoul ational University, Choi CH et al.: A study of dental caries activity on some commercial drinks. J Korean Acad Dent Health 31(1): 11-19, Choi CH.: Effect of drinks on the surface microhardness of artificial carious enamel. J Korean Acad Dent Health 30(3): , (Received October 15, 2009; Revised December 18, 2009; Accepted December 19, 2009)

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