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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 45, N. 7, pp. 405~410, 008. Micrstructural Changes f the Al O Ceramics during the Expsure t Flurine Plasma Dae Min Kim, Sung-Min Lee, Seng Wn Kim, Hyung Tae Kim, and Yn-Suk Oh Krea Institute f Ceramic Engineering and Technlgy(Ichen), Gyenggi-D , Krea (Received May 9, 008; Accepted July, 008) v Al O y ½ Á Á½ Á½xkÁ ( )» ( ; ) ABSTRACT Ceramics are widely used as plasma resistant materials in semicnductr industries. Hwever, the plasma ersin resistance has nt been prperly evaluated in terms f micrstructural changes during the expsure t plasma. In this study, micrstructure develpments f Al O were investigated under the flurine plasma cnditins. In plycrystalline alumina, unifrm ersin thrughut the specimen as well as spatially distributed lcal ersin were bserved. Lcal ersin was much mre severe in lwer purity alumina. In cntrast t the plycrystalline alumina, nly unifrm ersin was bserved in single crystalline sapphire. These specimens, hwever, had practically the same ersin depth, which results in the incrrectly similar plasma resistance. This implies that the plasma ersin resistance f ceramics shuld be evaluated in terms f the micrstructural changes, as well as the cnventinally accepted ersin depth. Key wrds : Plasma resistance, Flurine plasma, Alumina 1. œ sy w w w ƒ š. 1) ù š v w œ y š p CVD œ v w w w š. œ üv ƒ š t ù(al O ), p (Y O ) y ƒ š. œ üv ƒ w wš sƒw» w w xr. x ¾ œ w v ƒ d w ƒ û ƒ ü v sƒ š. ù -6) ƒ w sƒ d Crrespnding authr : Yn-Suk Oh ysh0@kicet.re.kr Tel : Fax : w üv ƒ. üv sƒw» w» ƒ v, y š wš w. v w ƒ w Si Ÿ w. ù üv 7,8) ù š ƒ û w š. w œ v ƒ» üv p sƒw». t üv ù w w r ù xr kw š œ t v w v ƒ,, t x y š w.. x üv sƒw» w xr š, 405

2 김대민 이성민 김성원 김형태 오윤석 406 Plasma Etching Cnditins Parameter RF pwer (upper) RF pwer (lwer) Ar CF CHF Table 1. 4 Cnditin 1600 W 900 W 0 SCCM 60 SCCM 5 SCCM 순도 다결정체 알루미나와 단결정 알루미나를 사용하였 다. 고순도 알루미나를 제조하기 위하여 고순도 알루미나 원료(AKP-0, 99.99% Sumitm Chemical C., Japan)를 사용 하였고, 저순도 알루미나를 제조하기 위하여 고순도 알루미나에 CaCO (99.99%, Kjund Chemical Lab. C., Japan)와 SiO (99.9%, Kjund Chemical Lab. C., Japan)를 CaO, SiO 가 각각 1, 4 wt%가 되도록 첨가한 후 에탄올을 용매로 ZrO 볼을 사용하여 4시간 동안 밀링을 진행하였다. 혼합이 완료된 슬러리를 90 C의 오븐에서 1 시간 동안 완전 건조시킨 후 유발을 이용하여 분쇄한 뒤 체가름하여 저순도 알루미나(95%) 분말을 준비하였다. 준 비된 고순도와 저순도 분말을 지름 15 mm의 금속몰드에 충진시키고 1차 성형한 후 냉간정수압성형기(Cld Isstatic Press)를 사용하여 00 MPa의 압력으로 가압하여 두께 mm의 성형체를 얻었다. 성형된 시험편을 대기 분위기 하에서 10 C/min로 1600 C까지 승온한 후 시간 소결하 고 노냉하여 소결체를 제조하였다. 소결이 끝난 시험편을 1 µm 다이아몬드 페이스트를 사용하여 경면 연마하였으며 표면을 아세톤으로 세척하였다. 제조한 시험편과 비교할 시험편으로 (0001)면의 단결정 사파이어(광학연마급, 사파 이어 테크놀러지, 한국)와 (100)면의 Si웨이퍼를 사용하였다. 연마한 시험편 표면의 중간 영역을 폭 1 mm만 노출되 도록 켑톤 테이프를 사용하여 마스킹하였다. 내플라즈마 성을 평가할 식각장치로는 CCP (Capacitativly Cupled Plasma)형의 식각장치(Rainbw548, Lam Research, USA) 를 사용하였다. 식각시간은 4, 10, 0분이었으며 자세한 식각 조건을 Table 1에 나타내었다. 플라즈마 노출에 따 른 표면의 미세구조 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 시험편을 백 금으로 코팅한 후 FE-SEM (JSM-6701F, Jel, Japan)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 시험편의 식각깊이 및 조도변화를 surface prfiler(surfcrder ET000, Ksaka Lab., Japan) 를 이용하여 측정하였다. Fig. 1. 한국세라믹학회지. 결과 및 고찰 Fig. 1은 시험편으로 사용한 고순도, 저순도 알루미나를 1400 C에서 10분간 열부식(thermal etching)한 미세구조이 다. 고순도(99.99%) 알루미나는 약 4 µm의 평균 입자크기 를 가지고 있는데 비하여, 저순도(95%) 알루미나는 ~10 µm Micrstructures f Al O specimens befre plasma expsure : (a) high purity (99.99%) and (b) lw purity (95%) Al O. Fig.. Etching depth f the specimens after plasma expsure. 크기의 불균일한 입자크기분포를 보이며 1~ µm 크기의 기공들이 소수 존재하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 미세구 조를 관찰하기 위하여 열처리를 한 이유로 저순도 알루

3 불소계 플라즈마에 노출된 Al O 의 미세구조 변화 Fig.. Surface micrstructures f the Al O specimens after plasma expsure fr 4 min : (a) high purity (99.99%) and (b) lw purity (95%) Al O. Fig. 4. 미나의 유리질 입계상들이 결정화 되어 1 µm 전후의 이 차상으로 입계에 존재하고 있었다. 알루미나 단결정, 고순도(99.99%), 저순도(95%) 알루미 나의 시간에 따른 식각깊이를 측정하여 Fig. 에 나타내 었다. 다결정과 순도에 크게 관계없이 시간에 따라 식각 깊이가 비교적 선형적으로 증가하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 다만 가장 긴 시간인 0분간 식각한 경우 알루미나 단결 정의 식각깊이가 비교적 높게 나타났다. 이는 일부 고온 염에서의 알루미나의 부식속도가 (0001)면이 가장 빠르게 나타나는 결과와 관련이 있을 수 있다. 그러나 일반적 으로 본 실험의 플라즈마 식각조건 같이 입사 이온의 에 너지가 높은 경우 식각깊이의 이방성이 감소하는 것을 고 려하면 그 원인을 단정하기는 어려운 점이 있다. 본 실험 의 범위내에서 단순히 식각깊이만을 기준으로 소재의 내 플라즈마성을 판단한다면 초기에는 세 가지 시험편이 유 사하다가 식각시간이 길어질수록 저순도 알루미나의 내 플라즈마성이 높은 것으로 평가될 수 있다. 비교적 식각의 초기 단계라고 할 수 있는 플라즈마에 9-11) 407 Surface micrstructures f the high purity Al O (99.99%) after plasma expsure fr 0 min : (a),000 and (b) 0,000. 4분간 노출된 시험편의 미세구조를 Fig. 에 나타내었다. 고순도 알루미나에서는 균일하게 식각이 일어난 표면에 원형의 수백 nm 크기를 갖는 국부적인 침식이 산발적으 로 발생한 것을 관찰할 수 있다. 이와 비교하여 저순도 알루미나에서는 입자와 유리질 입계상이 뚜렷이 구분되 어 관찰되는 것으로 보아 입자와 유리상의 차별적인 식 각이 일어났음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 화살표에 표시된 것 과 같이 구조를 파괴할 정도의 강한 국부적인 식각현상 이 관찰되었다. 이는 저순도 알루미나가 플라즈마에 취약 한 유리상을 많이 포함할 뿐만 아니라 국부침식의 기점 이 될 수 있는 기공을 다수 포함하고 있기 때문으로 판 단되었다. Fig. 4는 플라즈마에 장시간 노출된 경우로 0분간 식 각된 고순도 알루미나의 미세구조를 보여주고 있다. 플라 즈마 식각 초기와 비교해 보면 국부적인 침식의 크기가 커지고 빈도가 증가한 것을 알 수 있다. 동시에 원형의 식각영역들이 Fig 4(b)에 보이듯이 서로 연결되기 시작하 면서 전체적으로 표면의 거칠기가 크게 증가됨을 알 수 제 45 권 제 7호(008)

4 김대민 이성민 김성원 김형태 오윤석 408 Fig. 7. Surface prfiles after plasma expsure fr 0 min : (a) Sapphire, (b) high purity Al O (99.99%), and (C) lw purity Al O (95%). Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Surface micrstructures f the lw purity Al O (95%) after plasma expsure fr 0 min : (a),000 and (b) 0,000. A surface micrstructure f the Sapphire specimens after plasma expsure fr 0 min. 있다. 이와 비교하여 저순도 알루미나는 강한 국부적인 침식이 일어난 부분의 개수가 늘어났음에도 침식간의 연 한국세라믹학회지 결성은 뚜렷하지 않았다(Fig. 5). 국부적으로 강한 침식이 일어난 영역사이의 미세구조를 살펴보면 유리상의 식각 정도가 알루미나 입자보다 빠르게 일어난 점이 뚜렷하고 동시에 큰 알루미나 단일 입자 내에도 위치에 따라 식각 율이 달라 다수의 원형 식각영역이 중첩되어 나타남을 알 수 있다(Fig. 5(b)의 화살표 부분). 일반적으로 유리상내에 서 용해 재석출된 입자는 결정결함이 비교적 적을 것으 로 믿어진다. 왜냐하면 초기 분말에 존재하는 다수의 점 결함, 전위들이 입자성장 과정중에 액상에 녹고 재석출하 는 과정에서 사라질 것으로 믿어지기 때문이다. 이러한 추론을 근거로 하면 위치별로 약간의 식각 차이가 있다 는 점은 의외의 결과라고 할 수 있다. 입자의 결정방향에 따라 식각 속도가 미세하게 달라지는 것 또한 원인이 될 수 있으며, 냉각과정중에 유발된 응력에 따른 영향일 수 도 있다. 다결정 알루미나 소결체와 달리 알루미나 단결정은 식 각 후에도 매우 균일한 미세구조를 가지고 있었다. Fig. 6 에서 보이듯이 전자현미경으로 미세구조를 판별할 수 없 을 정도로 단결정의 표면이 균일하였으며 Fig. 5(b)의 단 일 알루미나 입자에서 관찰되었던 약간의 식각 불균일까

5 Fig. 8. Surface rughness f the specimens after plasma expsure. x w. w k w ƒ š y ³ w y ƒ š». w ù y xr t x w wš w. Fig. 7 ù w ³ w t w ù ³ w ƒ ù ƒ ù y ùkû. š ù e ƒ ù ù q. w l v ù e ³ e e p y wš. t x y t y ùkû (Fig. 8). ù ƒ» l ƒ ƒw w š ù ƒ» y ƒ j ƒ z» j ƒw. w š ù y e y w. ù ù ƒ t yƒ w. l, t ù üv sƒw ƒ š w», t y w š w w. üv ƒ ƒ» w d q w». Fig. 5 v Al O y 409 ù w e y ù, r k» ƒw k w y. e ù š ù, ù w k» w. œ d üv ù š ùƒ ù. ù ƒ¾» q w ù üv š. üv s ƒw ƒ¾ w t y, mw k ƒw e w sƒƒ w w. 4. v ù y r š üv s ƒw» w» ww. ù xr t ù ³ w e e ³ w ù e ùkû. e ƒ j ùkû, š ù j»ƒ x e xr ³ w ù w ù w e w. ù ³ e v w ƒ w. w y t y w. k üv sƒw» w v w ƒ d t y, y w š w v w š q. Acknwledgment» w. REFERENCES 1. G. S. May and C. J. Spans, Fundamentals f Semicnductr Manufacturing and Prcess Cntrl, pp , IEEE, New Jersey, J. Iwasawa, R. Nishimizu, M. Tkita, M. Kiyhara, and K. 45«7y(008)

6 410 ½ Á Á½ Á½xkÁ Uematsu, Plasma Resistant Dense Yttrium Oxide Film Prepared by Aersl Depsitin Prcess, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 90 [8] 7- (007).. Tshiba Ceramics, Plasma Resistant Member(in Krean), Krean Patent, (006). 4. J. W. Cnnell, J. G. Smith Jr, and P. M. Hergenrther, Oxygen Plasma Resistant Phenylphsphine Oxide Cntaining Plyimides and Ply(Arylene Ether Hetercycle)s:1, Plymer, 6 [1] 5-11 (1995). 5. P. W. Leech, Reactive In Etching f Quartz and Silica Based Glasses in CF 4 /CHF Plasmas, Vacuum, (1999). 6. W. J. Park, W. S. Yang, H. Y. Lee, and D. H. Yn, Surface Mrphlgy and Characteristics f LiNbO Single Crystal by Helicn Wave Plasma Etching(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 40 [9] (00). 7. A. J. V. Rsmalen, J. A. G. Baggerman, and S. J. H. Brader, Dry Etching fr VLSI, pp , Plenum Press, New Yrk and Lndn, G. Y. Yem, Plasma Etching Technlgy(in Krean), pp , Miraecm, Seul, C. M. Liu, J. C. Chen, Y. C. Huang, and H. L. Hsieh, The Mrphlgy f Etch Pits n a Sapphire Surface, J. Phy. Chem. Slids, (008). 10. L. A. Litvinv, T. V. Druzenk, V. G. Ptapva, and A. B. Blank, Crrsin Resistance f Sapphire Surface as a Functin f Its Crystallgraphic Characteristics, Crystallgraphy Repts, 46 [] 0-05 (001). 11. J. Wang, L. W. Gu, H. Q. Jia, Z. G, Xing, Y. Wang, H. Chen, and J. M. Zhu, Lateral Epitaxial Overgrwth f GaN Films n Patterned Sapphire Substrates Fabricated by Wet Chemical Etching, Thin Slid Films, (006). w wz

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