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1 J Korean Surg Soc 2011;80: DOI: /jkss 원 저 국내복부대동맥류환자치료의실태조사 성균관대학교의과대학삼성서울병원외과학교실, 1 심장혈관센터 박양진ㆍ김나리 1 ㆍ김영욱 Investigation of Current Trend of AAA Treatment in Korea Yang Jin Park, M.D., Nari Kim, R.N. 1, Young-Wook Kim, M.D. Department of Surgery, 1 Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Purpose: To know the current trend of the annual number of AAA patients in Korea and treatment modality, we attempted to investigate the numbers of patients diagnosed with AAA and the number of patients who underwent open or endovascular treatment of AAA in Korea during the last 6 years. Methods: To investigate the number of AAA patients, we searched for ruptured AAA and AAA without description of rupture disease from the database of Health Insurance Reimbursement Association (HIRA) by searching the disease code of HIRA I71.3 (ruptured AAA) and I71.4 (AAA without description of rupture) during the period between 2003 and To investigate the number of patients who underwent treatment for AAA, we searched for code O 2036, O 2034, O 0223, O 0224 (open surgical repair) and M 6612 (endovascular aneurysm repair, EVAR). To discern the number of AAA-related deaths in Korea during the same period, we depended on the database of the Statistics Korea. Results: We found that the number of AAA patients and treatment of AAA were rapidly increasing recently after the inception of the reimbursement for EVAR by the HIRA. But the number of AAA-related deaths did not significantly change during the same period in Korea. Conclusion: After observing that the number of patients with AAA and its treatment rapidly increased while the number of AAA-related death did not increase, we can assume that it is the result of increase of patients detection rather than that of prevalence of AAA and also think that many AAA patients are still under-detected in Korea. To cope with the increasing number of AAA patients and to facilitate detection of hidden AAA patients, we would like to propose a nationwide screening program of AAA for a selected group of the population. (J Korean Surg Soc 2011;80: ) Key Words: Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Endovascular aneurysm repair, Prevalence, Screening 중심단어 : 복부대동맥류, 스텐트그라프트, 유병율, 선별검사 서 동맥류 (aneurysm) 는정상동맥직경의직경이 50% 이상 책임저자 : 김영욱, 서울시강남구일원동 50 번지 , 성균관대학교의과대학삼성서울병원혈관외과 Tel: , Fax: ywkim@skku.edu 접수일 :2010 년 10 월 31 일, 게재승인일 :2011 년 1 월 8 일 론 부분적으로늘어난경우를일컫는용어이며, 복부대동맥류 (abdominal aortic aneurysm, AAA) 는임상적으로직경 3 cm 이상으로정의하고있다.(1) 복부대동맥류는주로 50세이상에서호발하며, 나이가증가할수록높은발생률을보인다고알려져있다. 그리고여자보다는남자에서 2 6배흔한질환으로알려져있으며,(2) 서구의보고에의하면인구 1,000명 / 년당 명의발생률을보인다고알려져있다.(3,4) 그러나국내에서는아직이질환의유병률에관한연구는현재까지없는실정이다. 복부대동맥류는평소에는 125

2 126 J Korean Surg Soc. Vol. 80, No. 2 증상이없지만동맥류파열 (rupture) 시사망률은 80 90% 에이르는위험한질환으로, 미국에서는 55세이상성인남성사망률의 10위를기록하고있는비교적흔한혈관질환이다.(5,6) 최근 20여년간혈관수술술기, 대체혈관인인조혈관의개발그리고수술후환자관리의발전에힘입어비파열성 (non-ruptured) 복부대동맥류의개복수술 (open repair) 사망률은 5% 이하로감소된반면, 파열성대동맥류의사망률은여전히높은상태이다.(7) 최근에는대동맥 stent graft 를이용한혈관내수술 (endovascular aneurysm repair, EVAR) 의도입으로비파열동맥류와파열성복부대동맥류의사망률은더욱감소하였다는보고가있으나, 여전히높은사망률은사회-경제적문제로까지인식되고있다.(8) 따라서복부대동맥류환자에서는파열이발생하기전계획적치료를시행함으로써대동맥류파열을사전에방지하고동시에대동맥류로인한사망을줄일수있다는전제하에서복부대동맥류환자의조기색출, 조기치료의효과를입증하기위한연구로영국에서시행된 MASS (The Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study) 연구는이름그대로복부대동맥류색출을위한다기관전향적연구로이연구의결과에따르면조기색출프로그램에가입된환자군에서는대조환자군에비해 4년후복부대동맥류와관련된사망률을약 42% 줄일수있었다고보고하였다.(9) 미국에서는여러연구결과를통해복부대동맥류조기검진이비용-대비-효과 (cost-effective) 측면에서그효과가입증되어, SAAAVE (Screen For Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Very Efficiently) act 가미의회를통과하여 2007년 1월부터시행하고있으며이법령에따르면 65세이상의인구에서대동맥류의위험인자가있는환자에서평생한번복부초음파검사를통한복부대동맥류색출검사를시행하고있다.(10) 우리나라의경우, 65세이상인노인인구가 2007년통계청의고령자통계 (11) 에의하면이미 9.9% 로세계보건기구 (WHO) 가정의하는고령화사회 (aging society) 로진입하였으며향후고령화가급속히진행할것으로예상되기때문에, 고령화와함께급속히빈도가증가하는혈관질환의특성을고려해볼때, 우리사회에서도이질환에관한관심과환자들의이질환에대한인식이절실히필요한시기라고생각된다. 이에저자들은본연구에서건강보험심사평가원의자료와통계청자료를통해, 국내에서연간복부대동맥류로진단받은환자수, 복부대동맥류로치료 ( 수술적치료및혈관내스텐트그라프트설치술 ) 받은환자수, 그리고복부대동맥류로인한사망자수를조사하므로국내에서복부대동맥 류환자의증감추이와치료의실태를보고자하였다. 방법 2003년 1월 1일부터 2009년 12월 31일까지복부대동맥류의년간환자수를파악하기위하여건강보험심사평가원의전산청구분심사실적을근거로한국표준질병ㆍ사인분류 (2007, 통계청 ) 에근거한상병분류기호 I71.3 ( 파열된복부대동맥류 ), I71.4 ( 파열의기재가없는복부대동맥류 ) 로연간 1회이상의진료를받은환자를조사하였다. 국내전산통계의시스템적특성으로모든환자를각연도별로코드화하여작성하므로각환자의명단을확인할수는없었고, 초진및재진, 수술전-후의환자를구분할수도없었다. 또한같은연도에는환자의중복은없었으나, 꾸준히외래추적을하는환자의경우연도에따라같은환자가중복되어나타날수있다. 즉, 새로운환자의발생을의미하기보다는진단명으로보험청구된모든환자의총수를의미한다. 한편, 복부대동맥류의치료현황을보기위하여건강보험요양급여비용 (2010, 건강보험심사평가원 ) 에근거한수술코드중복부대동맥류절제술 (O 2036, O 2034, O 0223, O 0224) 또는경피적혈관내스텐트이식설치술 (M 6612) 을시술받은환자 ( 단위 : 명 ) 그리고복부대동맥류로인한년간사망자수를알아보기위하여통계법및가족관계등록등에관한법률에따라국민이제출한사망신고서를기초로한국표준질병ㆍ사인분류 (2007, 통계청 ) 체계에의해집계하여사인이복부대동맥류 ( 파열된복부대동맥류와파열의기재가없는복부대동맥류를구분할수없음 ) 인사망자수를조사하였다. 그리고, 일본혈관외과학회연보 (12) 를근거로 2003년부터 2008년까지일본의연간복부대동맥류환자수, 복부대동맥류절제술또는경피적혈관내스텐트이식설치술을받은환자수를조사하여국내실정과비교하였다. 결과 1) 연도별복부대동맥류환자수 ( 파열 vs 비파열, 건강보험심사평가원자료 ) 와사망자수증감추이 ( 통계청자료 ) (Fig. 1) 전국적으로복부대동맥류로진단받고외래를방문했던환자가 2003년에서 2009년사이 6년동안약 2.5배의증가양상을보였다. 특히주목할점은파열복부대동맥류의증

3 Yang Jin Park, et al:investigation of Current Trend of AAA Treatment in Korea 127 가는미미하였던반면, 비파열대동맥류로진단된환자가 3배가량증가했다는사실이다. 한편, 사망환자수는약 37% 증가하였으나, 경피적혈관내스텐트이식설치술이본격적으로시행된 2007년부터는복부대동맥류로사망하는환자의비율이낮아져서 2003년 10.5% 에서 2010년에는 5.8% 로낮아졌다. 이는치료성적의향상외에도특히, 비파열성복부대동맥류로진단된환자의수가급격히늘어난것에원인이있을것으로생각된다. 2) 복부대동맥류환자의성별증감추이 (Fig. 2, 건강보험심사평가원자료 ) 복부대동맥류로진단받은환자의성별분포를살펴보았을때, 시간에따른변화는없었으며, 전체의약 75% 가남자에서발생하는것으로나타났다. 3) 복부대동맥류환자의연령별증감추이 (Fig. 3, 건강보험심사평가원자료 ) 복부대동맥류환자의연령별분포는, 50세이상에서현저히증가하는양상이며, 전체환자의대부분이 60대이상에서진단되었고특히, 연령이높을수록복부대동맥류환자의증가추세가더높다는것을볼수있었다. 4) 복부대동맥류환자의치료 ( 수술적치료 vs. EVAR) 증감추이 (Fig. 4, 건강보험심사평가원자료 ) 복부대동맥류로진단받은환자중복부대동맥류치료를받은환자의빈도는 2003년 12.8% 에서 2009년에는 23.8% 로약 2배가량증가한것을볼수있었으며, 치료받은환자의수는 6년간약 4.8배증가 ( 동맥류수술적치료 3배, EVAR 48배 ) 하였다. 치료를받은환자중에서 EVAR를 Fig. 1. Trend of annual number of AAA (ruptured vs. non-ruptured) patients and AAA-related death. Fig. 3. Annual age distribution in AAA patients. Fig. 2. Annual gender distribution in AAA patients. Fig. 4. Trend of AAA treatment (open repair vs. EVAR).

4 128 J Korean Surg Soc. Vol. 80, No. 2 시행한환자는 2003년치료환자의 4% 에그쳤으나, 2005년이후매년약 2배가까운증가세를보였으며 2009년에는전체환자중약 40% 가 EVAR로치료받았음을볼수있었다. 5) 복부대동맥류환자에서진료과별수술적치료의증감추이 (Fig. 5, 건강보험심사평가원자료 ) 복부대동맥류치료를시행한진료과별추이를보면수술적치료의경우 2003년에는외과에서주로시행하였으나 2005년이후흉부외과에서전체환자의약 50% 를치료하고있는것으로나타났다. 본자료는각병원에서건강보험심사평가원에청구된시점의진료과를기준으로통계를산출한결과이기때문에실제시술과와심사청구진료과가일부다를수있어서수술을시행하지않는진료과가일부포함되어있으므로부분적인오류가있을수있다고판단되지만전체적인치료의개요를파악할수있으리라생각 된다. 6) 복부대동맥류환자에서 EVAR 시술의진료과별치료현황의증감추이 (Fig. 5, 건강보험심사평가원자료 ) 복부대동맥류치료에서 EVAR 시술이건강보험심사평가원에서인정된시점인 2005년 8월부터 EVAR 시술의급격한증가를볼수있었고이러한경향은외과뿐아니라흉부외과, 내과등모든과에서나타났다. 또한, 초기에는외과보다는내과에서시행하는경우가많았으나, 2007년부터는외과에서시행하는 EVAR 시술건수가급격히증가하였음을볼수있었고 2009년에는전체시술건수의약 50% 가량을차지함을알수있다. 이또한각병원에서건강보험심사평가원에청구된시점의진료과를기준으로통계를산출한결과이기때문에실제시술과 ( 예, 영상의학과 ) 와심사청구진료과가일부다를수있다. 7) 일본에서복부대동맥류환자의치료연도별치료현황 (Fig. 6, 일본혈관외과학회자료 ) 우리나라의복부대동맥류의치료현황을파악하기위해일본혈관외과학회의도움을받아자료를비교해보았다. 일본의경우에는지난 5년간동맥류절제술은거의변화가없는반면, 우리나라와마찬가지로 2007년이후 EVAR가급격히증가하여 2008년도복부대동맥류치료의약 23.3% 를 EVAR가차지하였다. 고 찰 Fig. 5. Trend of open repair and EVAR according to department. Solid bar = open repair; Blank bar = EVAR. Fig. 6. Trend of AAA treatment (open repair vs. EVAR) in Japan. 복부대동맥류는서양인에서는 50세이상의남자에서인구 1,000명 / 년당 명의발생률을보이는비교적빈번한혈관질환이지만, 국내에서는아직일반인에게까지널리알려진질환은아니다. 그러나이병의심각성은증상없는복부대동맥류가파열되면 80 90% 의높은사망률을가진아주위험한질환으로어떤질환보다조기진단과파열이발생하기전조기치료를시행하는것이요구되는질환이다. 그리고이질환은심장의관상동맥질환과흔히동반되므로이질환을치료하기전에반드시허혈성심장질환유무도함께확인하는것이바람직하다고알려져있다. 미국에서는이질환의심각성을미의회하원에서인식하고 SAAAVE (Screen for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Very Efficiently) 라는법령을만들어 2007년 1월부터시행하고있다.(10,13) 이제도는 65세 75세사이의환자가운데 1) 복

5 Yang Jin Park, et al:investigation of Current Trend of AAA Treatment in Korea 129 부대동맥류의가족력이있는사람, 2) 평생동안 100개피이상의흡연력이있는남자를대상으로 1회에한하여의사에의한신체검진과복부초음파검사를시행함으로써복부대동맥류의조기진단을하는제도로이제도를통해대동맥류파열이발생하기전이질환을조기색출, 조기치료함으로써이질환으로인한사망률뿐만아니라국가적차원에서의료비지출을줄이려는목적의제도이다. 1991년소개된 EVAR는복부대동맥류치료에획기적인변화를가져왔으며,(14) 과거해부학적특성때문에 EVAR 의적응이되지못했던복부대동맥류환자에서도 device의발전에따라오늘날에서는 EVAR 시술이가능해졌다. 최근보고에따르면파열복부대동맥류에서도 EVAR가수술적치료보다더좋은치료성적을보고하기에이르렀다.(15) 그러나국내의실정은 1998년 Vanguard 제품 (Boston Scientific Co) 이처음으로사용허가받아시행하였으며이는현재국내에서사용되고있지않는다. 현재국내에서는 Zenith (Cook Co. 2004년부터국내사용 Excluder (W.L. Gore & Associates, 2007년부터국내사용 ), Endurant (Medtronic Co. 2010년부터국내사용 ), Aneurx (Medtronic 2008년부터국내사용 ), Talent (Medtronic, 2009년부터국내사용 ), SEAL (S&G Biotec, 2000년부터국내사용 ) 등 4개회사의 6개 device가사용이허가된상태로각환자의대동맥의해부학적특성에맞추어다양한종류의 stent graft를이용한 EVAR가시행되고있는실정이다. Kim 등 (16) 이 2005년국내복부대동맥류환자의치료실정을조사하여보고한이후국내에서도 EVAR 시행의빈도및 device의선택에서도상당한변화가있었다고생각된다. 그러나아직도한국인에서이질환의유병률, 이질환으로인한사망환자수등에관한국내보고가없는실정이다. 본조사의결과는복부대동맥류의유병률과는다르지만이질환의진단을받은환자수를조사함으로써이질환의유병률을추측할수있으며또연도별진단환자수의증감추이를추측할수있다고생각한다. 심사평가원에청구된전체환자수의총인원이란결국전국민이대상이된다고볼수있으므로, 실제로본자료를근거로계산을해보면 2009년을예로하여인구 10만명당 7명정도가복부대동맥류로진료를본것이된다. 복부대동맥류환자의증가는영상진단검사의보편화에따른이질환색출의증가에따른현상인지아니면질환의실제유병률증가인지는분명하지않지만국내에서도복부대동맥류환자가매년증가추세를보이고있는것은사실이다. 그리고복부대동맥류치료를받는환자수도매년증 가추세이며특히 EVAR의시행빈도가최근급격히증가하고있음을볼수있었다. EVAR 시술은현재다양한과에서시행하고있는실정이며진료과별로는최근에외과에서의시술이다른과에비해더많이증가했음을볼수있었다. 이는앞서잠깐언급하였지만, 건강보험심사평가원에청구된시점의진료과를기준으로산출한자료이기때문에본자료로는실제시술과를정확히알지못하는한계를가지고있다. 일본혈관외과학회자료에나타난일본에서의복부대동맥류치료현황은한국에서보다훨씬빈번히시행되고있음을볼수있다. 단순히산술적인비교만해보았을때, 우리나라에서복부대동맥류로치료를받은환자수는일본에비해 2003년에는 2.8%, 2008년에는 15.8% 에지나지않았다. 국내의 65세이상의노인인구가전체인구의약 10% 인 5백만명인반면, 일본은전체인구 1억 3천만명중노인인구가 20% 로 2천 6백만명으로알려져있다. 이러한노인인구수를고려하더라도일본에서복부대동맥류의치료환자비율이높다고추측할수있다. 2008년을기준으로우리나라에서연간복부대동맥류로진단된후치료를받는환자수는일본의 43.8% 에지나지않았다. 일본과한국의총인구수, 노인인구수, 그리고건강검진인구수등을추측해보았을때한국에서는아직도진단되지않은복부대동맥환자가많이있을것으로추측되며, 이로인해치료받지못하고사망하는환자수가상대적으로빈번할가능성이있다고본다. 통계청자료에따른복부대동맥류에의한사망자수는 Fig. 1에서볼수있듯이매년증가하고있다. 복부대동맥류파열은아직도동서를막론하고아주높은사망률을보이므로파열이발생하기전에이질환을조기발견하는것이무엇보다도중요하다고판단된다. 일본도학회차원에서이질환에대한등록사업이실행되고있다. 따라서, 국내에서도학회차원의등록사업을통해복부대동맥류의한국인에서유병률조사와복부대동맥류파열에의한사망자수등을조사하는것과더불어복부대동맥류의파열로인한사망을줄이기위해이질환에대한대국민교육및특히노인층인구를대상으로복부대동맥류조기색출을위한선별검사가필요하다고생각된다. 본연구는건강보험심사평가원과통계청에요청하여받은자료를바탕으로이루어졌다. 따라서, 이러한성격의연구는전체적인개요를알수는있으나, 자료수집과통계적인한계로인해그정확성에관해몇가지제한점을가지고

6 130 J Korean Surg Soc. Vol. 80, No. 2 있다. 첫째, 자료를요청한질병코드인 I 71.3, I71.4를제외한 I 71.8, I 71.9 등부위가복부대동맥류라고명시되지않은일부자료가누락되었을가능성이있다. 둘째, 질병코드와환자의정보를이용하여연간 1회이상진료를본환자를산출한것으로, 같은해에는환자가중복되지않지만, 예를들면 2003년통계에포함되어있던환자가외래관찰중 2009년에진료를보거나치료를받았다면모두통계에포함되어있다는것이다. 셋째, 사망률통계에서통계청에서발표하는모든사망원인및사망률에대한자료는원사인으로집계되므로사망진단서에복부대동맥류가기록되어있어도원사인이아니면제외될수있다. 결 저자들은본연구를통해국내에서도복부대동맥류환자의수와복부대동맥류치료를받은환자수가증가했음을확인할수있었다. 특히복부대동맥류치료를위해 EVAR 시술을받은환자수의급격한증가와더불어외과의에의해시행되는 EVAR 시술이증가하였음을확인하였다. 향후정확한복부대동맥류의유병률을확인하기위한환자등록사업, 조기색출을위한홍보및검사가필요하며, 이분야의의학발전과복잡한해부학적양상을보이는복부대동맥류환자의치료를위해새로운 device인 branched 또는 fenestrated stent graft의사용허가가제도적으로필요할것으로생각된다. 론 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 본연구는건강보험심사평가원과통계청 ( 한국통계진흥원정보서비스팀 ) 에자료를정식으로요청하여받은것으로서자료수집을위해애써주신심사평가원통계정보공개부김세진선생님과한국통계진흥원정보서비스팀황윤정선생님께감사의말씀을드립니다. REFERENCES 1) Johnston KW, Rutherford RB, Tilson MD, Shah DM, Hollier L, Stanley JC. Suggested standards for reporting on arterial aneurysms. Subcommittee on Reporting Standards for Arterial Aneurysms, Ad Hoc Committee on Reporting Standards, Society for Vascular Surgery and North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery. J Vasc Surg 1991;13: ) Gillum RF. Epidemiology of aortic aneurysm in the United States. J Clin Epidemiol 1995;48: ) Wilmink AB, Hubbard CS, Day NE, Quick CR. The incidence of small abdominal aortic aneurysms and the change in normal infrarenal aortic diameter: implications for screening. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2001;21: ) Lederle FA, Johnson GR, Wilson SE, Chute EP, Hye RJ, Makaroun MS, et al. The aneurysm detection and management study screening program: validation cohort and final results. Aneurysm Detection and Management Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Investigators. Arch Intern Med 2000;160: ) Fleming C, Whitlock EP, Beil TL, Lederle FA. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: a best-evidence systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2005;142: ) Cosford PA, Leng GC. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007:CD ) Heller JA, Weinberg A, Arons R, Krishnasastry KV, Lyon RT, Deitch JS, et al. Two decades of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: have we made any progress? J Vasc Surg 2000;32: ) Lesperance K, Andersen C, Singh N, Starnes B, Martin MJ. Expanding use of emergency endovascular repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: disparities in outcomes from a nationwide perspective. J Vasc Surg 2008;47: ; discussion ) Ashton HA, Buxton MJ, Day NE, Kim LG, Marteau TM, Scott RA, et al. The Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study (MASS) into the effect of abdominal aortic aneurysm screening on mortality in men: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360: ) Lee ES, Pickett E, Hedayati N, Dawson DL, Pevec WC. Implementation of an aortic screening program in clinical practice: implications for the Screen For Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Very Efficiently (SAAAVE) Act. J Vasc Surg 2009;49: ) 2007 Statistics for Elderly Population. Statistics Korea ) 13) aortic aneurysm. 14) Parodi JC, Palmaz JC, Barone HD. Transfemoral intraluminal graft implantation for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg 1991;5: )Ten Bosch JA, Teijink JA, Willigendael EM, Prins MH. Endovascular aneurysm repair is superior to open surgery for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms in EVAR-suitable patients. J Vasc Surg 2010;52: ) Kim YW, Min SK, Koh YB, Kim SN, Park JS, Moon IS, et al. Report of nation-wide questionnaire survey for abdominal aortic aneurysm treatment in Korea. J Korean Soc Vasc Surg 2005;21:10-5.

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