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1 = 증례보고 = 대한안과학회지 2011 년제 52 권제 1 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(1):7-13 pissn: eissn: DOI : /jkos 차병원을방문한플릭텐각결막염환자의임상양상분석 조동현 1,2 김미금 1,2 위원량 1,2 이진학 1,2,3 서울대학교의과대학안과학교실 1, 서울대학교병원임상의학연구소서울인공안구센터 2, 분당서울대학교병원안과 3 목적 : 한국에서 3 차병원을방문한플릭텐각결막염환자의임상양상을분석하고자하였다. 대상과방법 : 플릭텐각결막염이진단된환자 26 명 35 안의후향적의무기록분석을통해의뢰당시초진단명, 나이, 성별, 편측성, 발병위치, 눈꺼풀염의동반여부, 눈꺼풀분비물배양검사, 치료및재발을조사하였다. 결과 : 76.2% 가여자였고, 초진시평균나이는 18.4 세였으며, 34.6% 에서양측성이었는데, 상세불명각막염으로의뢰된경우가 30.8% 였다. 80.8% 에서각막염으로발병하였고, 96.2% 에서눈꺼풀염을동반하였다. 눈꺼풀분비물배양검사를시행한 17 명중 35.3% 에서표피포도알균이동정되었다. 각막염에서신생혈관의범위는평균 2.86 시간이었고, 대부분아래사분면에서시작하였다. 1% prednisolone 점안치료및눈꺼풀의항생제세척치료로평균 22 일에신생혈관이퇴행하고, 각결막염이관해되었다. 유지치료로 0.05% 시클로스포린을평균 9.6 개월사용하였는데, 11.5% 에서재발하였다. 관해후시력이초진시시력에비해유의하게호전되었다 (P =0.028). 결론 : 한국에서 3 차병원을방문한플릭텐각결막염환자의임상양상은서양및일본의보고와인구학적성상, 안검염동반및동정균주는거의일치하였다. 그러나, 시축을침범하는각막염의빈도가높았고, 적절한진단및치료를통해시력을호전시킬수있음을알수있었다. < 대한안과학회지 2011;52(1):7-13> 플릭텐각결막염은융기된투명한결절 ( 플릭텐 ) 이특징적인질환으로, 플릭텐의위치에따라플릭텐각막염과결막염으로구분한다. 발병기전으로는다양한항원에대한결막또는각막의지연형과민반응 ( 제 4형과민반응 ) 이제시되고있으며, 1 결핵균또는포도알균과연관성이주로밝혀진바있고, 다른세균및진균과연관되었음을보고한문헌도있다. 2-5 플릭텐각결막염은치료가잘되지않아진행할경우에, 각막의중심부까지침범하며, 관해후에도혼탁을남길수있으며, 이로인한부정난시등을발생시켜시력의저하를가져올수있다. 따라서처음진료시정확한진단을통한적극적치료가중요하다. 플릭텐각결막염의임상양상은주로서양의백인종에서연구가이루어졌는데, 이전에는결핵과연관성이많이보고되었고, 결핵의유병율이감소하면서포도알균과관련되었다는보고가많았다. 4,6,7 동양의유색인종에서는주로일본에서연구가되었으며, 눈꺼풀염증이동반되는양상이주로나타났고, Propionibacterium 균이주로관련이 접수일 : 2010년 5월 3일게재허가일 : 2010년 11월 17일 심사통과일 : 2010 년 8 월 9 일 책임저자 : 김미금서울시종로구연건동 28 서울대학교병원안과 Tel: , Fax: kmk9@snu.ac.kr 있다고보고되어있어백인종과차이를보였다. 8 그러나, 국내에서는플릭텐각결막염의역학및임상양상에대한조사가없었다. 따라서, 본연구팀에서는 3차병원을방문한환자를대상으로플릭텐각결막염의임상양상을조사하여, 이를통해한국인에서플릭텐각결막염의양상을살피고자하였다. 대상과방법 2005년 9월부터 2010년 2월까지본원안과에내원한환자중임상양상에근거하여플릭텐각결막염이진단된환자 26명 35안을대상으로후향적의무기록분석을시행하였다. 모든환자에서초진시및경과관찰중임상적으로변화양상이있는경우전안부사진촬영을시행하였다. 의무기록과전안부사진을바탕으로초진시나이, 성별, 의뢰당시 1차병원에서의심한진단명, 편측성및양측성여부, 눈꺼풀염및알레르기결막염의동반유무, 발병위치, 눈꺼풀분비물배양검사결과, 관해치료및유지치료기간, 재발유무, 경과관찰중시력을조사하였다. 플릭텐의위치에따라각막염과결막염으로구분하였고, 각막염의경우전안부사진을통해침범한사분면및신생혈관의범위, 각막병변이시축을가리는지의여부를조사하였다. 사분면은위, 아래, 코쪽, 귀쪽사분면으로나누었는데, 가상의원 7

2 - 대한안과학회지 2011 년제 52 권제 1 호 - 을각각중심각이 90도가되게하여구분하였다 (Fig. 1). 모든각막염환자에서각막혼탁을동반한신생혈관의증식이관찰되었고, 이를시간단위로하여침범범위를산정하였다. 진단후 24명 32안에서관해치료로 1% prednisolone acetate (Pred forte, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) 를하루에 6번내지는매 2시간마다점안하도록처방하였고, 안검염이동반된경우 levofloxacin (Cravit, Santen Figure 1. Diagram for definition of quadrant in analysis of involvement of phlyctenular keratitis. Figure 2. Age distributions of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis patients: 5 patients under age 10, 13 patients between 11 and 20, 6 patients between 21 and 30, and 2 patients over age 31, 40 and 50, respectively. Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan) 을면봉에점적하여일일 2회이상눈꺼풀테청소를추가하였다. 2명의환자는환자가치료에순응하지않아관해치료를시행하지못하였다. 임상적으로염증이조절되고신생혈관의퇴행이있는경우, 유지치료로 0.05% cyclosporine (Restasis, Allergan Inc.) 을하루에 2번점안하도록하였다. 재발이있는경우, 다시관해치료를시행하였으며, 유지치료도같은용법으로진행하였다. 플릭텐각결막염은 1인의임상의에의해결막또는각막에특징적인염증성결절을보이는임상양상에기초하여진단하였다. 다른병원에서점안스테로이드치료를받은경우, 과거에비슷한양상의질환을앓은병력을기술한경우, 또는바이러스또는박테리아감염성각결막염이동반된경우는배제하였다. 눈꺼풀분비물배양검사는눈꺼풀염이심했던 17명에서시행하였다. 마이봄샘위쪽의눈꺼풀판을면봉으로눌러눈꺼풀분비물이나오도록하였고, 피부에닿지않도록주의하며배양검사에사용할면봉으로눈꺼풀분비물을채취하였다. 본원의진단검사의학과에의뢰하여눈꺼풀분비물에대한세균및진균배양검사를시행하였다. 초진시시축침범여부에의한시력저하정도를시축을침범했는지에따라군을나누어 Mann-Whitney U test로비교하고, 관해후의시력변화는전체환자및시축침범여부에따라나눈두군각각에서 Wilcoxon 부호순위검정을이용하여비교하였다. 눈꺼풀분비물배양검사를시행한환자에서균배양양성도와초진시시력, 관해후시력, 신생혈관범위, 관해시기를 Mann-Whitney U test로비교하였다. 통계분석시양안을침범한경우는임의로한눈을선택하여분석하였다. 통계프로그램으로 SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 을사용하였고, P<0.05 일때통계적으로유의하다고판단하였다. A B Figure 3. Representative cases of phlyctenular conjunctivitis (A) and keratitis (B). A whitish elevated lesion with neovascularization from the conjunctiva across the limbus was a typical manifestation of phlyctenular keratitis (B). 8

3 - 조동현외 : 플릭텐각결막염의임상양상 - Table 1. Demographics and clinical manifestations of the patients who presented phylectenular keratoconjunctivitis Clinical characteristics Number of patients (%) Female 69.2 * Bilaterality 34.6 * Corneal involvement 77.1 * Visual axis involvement 40.7 Conjunctival involvement 22.9 * Blepharitis 96.2 * Allergic conjunctivitis 38.5 * * In 35 eyes of 26 patients; in 26 eyes of 21 patients with corneal involvement. Table 2. Initial suspicious impression of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis patients from the referring clinics Impression by referring clinics Number of Patients (%) Corneal involvement 21 patients Nonspecific keratitis 8 (38.1%) Herpes keratitis 3 (14.3%) Corneal ulcer 2 (9.5%) Phlyctenular keratitis 2 (9.5%) Vascular ingrowth / Corneal neovascularization 2 (9.5%) Corneal opacity 1 (4.8%) Lipid keratopathy 1 (4.8%) Allergic conjunctivitis 1 (4.8%) Not available 1 (4.8%) Conjunctival involvement 5 patients Conjunctival tumor 1 (20%) Scleritis 1 (20%) Nonspecific conjunctivitis 1 (20%) Phlyctenular conjunctivitis 1 (20%) Not available 1 (20%) Table 3. Quadrants of corneal neovascularization in phlyctenular keratitis (21 patients 27 eyes) Quadrant Number of Eyes (%) Inferior 13 (48.1%) Temporal 10 (37.0%) Superior 3 (11.1%) Nasal 1 (3.7%) Table 4. Microbiological profiles of the cultures from the meibum in 17 patients Identified organisms Number (%) Staphylococcus epidermidis 6 (35.5%) Corynebacterium species 4 (23.5%) Propionibacterium acne 1 (5.9%) Staphylococcus capitis 1 (5.9%) No growth 7 (41.2%) 결 대상환자수는총 26명이었으며, 그중여자가 18명 (69.2%), 남자가 8명 (30.8%) 이었다. 평균연령은 18.4 ± 과 10.5세 (5~50 세 ) 였으며, 이중 10세이하가 5명 (19.2%) 이었다 (Fig. 2). 양측성질환을보인경우가 9명 (34.6%) 이었고, 결막을침범한경우가 5명 8안, 각막을침범한경우가 21명 27안이었다 (Fig. 3). 25명 (96.2%) 에서눈꺼풀염을동반하였고, 10명 (38.5%) 에서알레르기결막염을동반하였다 (Table 1). 24명의환자가 1차의료기관의의뢰서를가지고방문하였는데, 의뢰시의심진단은각막염의경우상세불명각막염 8명 (38.1%), 헤르페스각막염 3명 (14.3%), 각막궤양 2 명 (9.5%) 의순이었고, 플릭텐각막염을진단한경우는 2명 (9.5%) 이었다. 결막염은결막종양, 공막염, 상세불명결막염으로진단한경우가한예씩있었고, 플릭텐결막염으로진단한예도하나있었다 (Table 2). 21명 27안의각막염중 11안 (40.7%) 에서시축을가리는병변이관찰되었다. 신생혈관이침범한사분면을보면, 아래사분면이 13안 (48.1%) 으로가장많았고, 귀쪽사분면이 10안 (37.0%), 위사분면이 3안 (11.1%), 코쪽사분면이 1안 (3.7%) 이었다 (Table 3). 각막혼탁을동반한신생혈관의범위는평균 2.86 ± 1.35시간 (1~5 시간 ) 이었다. 눈꺼풀분비물배양검사를시행한 17명에서표피포도알균 6예, 코리네박테륨 4예, 프로피오니박테륨 1예, 머리포도알균 1예가검출되었다. 2명에서는표피포도알균과코리네박테륨이함께배양되었고, 7명은배양음성이었다 (Table 4). 관해치료로 1% 프레드니솔론을하루에 6번내지는매 2시간마다점안하도록하였고, 눈꺼풀테청소를 fluoroquinolone 항생제안약을묻힌면봉으로 1일 2회시행하도록하였다. 관해치료를받은 24명 32안모두에서병변의소실및신생혈관의퇴행이관찰되었고, 평균 22 ± 8일 (15~30일) 간관해치료를시행하였다. 관해치료후점안스테로이드는감량하면서, 유지치료로 0.05% 시클로스포린을평균 9.6 ± 2.8 개월 (1~13 개월 ) 동안사용하였다. 3개월이상경과관찰한 18명의환자들중평균 ± 16.70개월동안 3명 4안 (16.7%) 에서재발이있었다. 재발후같은용법으로관해치료와유지치료를시행하여, 4안모두에서관해가이루어졌고, 이후 12개월동안의경과관찰기간동안추가재발은없었다. 점안스테로이드점안중 3명 (14.3%) 에서 21 mmhg 이상으로안압이상승하였고, timolol (Timoptic-XE, Merck & Co. Inc., Whitehouse station, NJ, USA) 을하루에 1회점안후안압이정상화되었다. 초진시시력은 LogMAR 시력으로환산하여평균 0.29 ± 0.36이었고, 각막염환자에서시축침범여부에따른시력의차이는유의하지않았다 (P=0.223). 관해후시력은평균 0.17 ± 0.23이었고, 초진시시력과비교하였을때, 관해치료후시력이유의하게호전되었다 (P=0.028). 시축 9

4 - 대한안과학회지 2011 년제 52 권제 1 호 - Table 5. Clinical Manifestations according to the Positivity of Meibum Cultures Clinical Manifestations Positivity of meibum cultures Positive Negative P value Visual acuity at initial visit (logmar) 0.29 ± ± Visual acuity after remission treatment (logmar) 0.14 ± ± Involvement of new vessels (hr) 2.93 ± ± Period between initial visit and remission (mon) 0.78 ± ± Figure 4. Visual acuity of phlyctenular keratitis patients. Visual acuity improved significantly after remission treatment in patients whose visual axes were threatened (P=0.028). Black line: Patients whose visual axes were threatened, gray line: All keratitis patients; dashed line: Patients whose visual axes were spared, asterisk (*): statistically significant (P<0.05). 침범여부에따라두군을나누었을때, 시축을침범하지않은군에서는관해치료후시력에유의한차이가없었으나 (P=0.147), 시축을침범한군에서는통계적으로유의하게호전되는양상이었다 (P=0.028) (Fig. 4). 눈꺼풀분비물배양검사양성도에따라초진시시력, 관해후시력, 신생혈관범위, 관해시기를비교하였을때통계적인차이가없었다 ( 각각 P=0.315, 0.740, 1.000, 0.417) (Table 5). 고 플릭텐각결막염은각막과결막의염증성결절을특징으로한다. 결핵과관련성이이전부터보고되었으며, 결핵의유병율이낮아지면서포도알균에의한눈꺼풀염과동반되는경우가많이보고되었다. 4,6,7 결핵, 포도알균을비롯한다양한세균, 진균에대한지연형과민반응이병리생리학적기전으로, 1,7 질환의치료도이부분에맞추어진행하게된다. 경증의경우눈꺼풀테의청소및경구용항생제로증상이호전되나, 9,10 그렇지않은경우에는염증의조절을위해서국소스테로이드점안을동반처치하는것이일반적이다. 9,11,12 찰 본연구에서는플릭텐각결막염에대한국내의임상양상 연구의보고가없어, 3차병원에내원한환자를중심으로하여국내의임상양상이서양인및일본인과차이가있는지알아보고자하였다. 임상분석결과, 플릭텐각결막염이젊은여성에서호발하여기존일본의연구 8 및에스키모인의플릭텐각결막염유병율연구 13 와비슷한결과를보였고, 어린이와젊은성인에서호발하는인구학적성상도서양보고와일치하였다 % 에서눈꺼풀염이동반되었으며, 이역시기존일본연구 12 와마찬가지로높았고, 이는눈꺼풀염에서발생하는항원과플릭텐각결막염이연관되어있음을시사한다. 본연구에서는 1명을제외한모든환자에서미만성의윗눈꺼풀안검염을보였고, 각막염의위치는아래사분면이 48.1% 로가장많았으며, 마찬가지로기존의연구결과와일치하였다. 9 눈꺼풀염이위쪽에있는경우에도각막병변은주로각막하부에위치하였는데, 이는눈꺼풀에있는항원이눈물층에떨어진후면역반응을일으키는기전을시사한다. 국소약제에의한각막손상이눈물층에고여있는약제가지속적으로닿는각막하부에일어나는것과비슷한기전으로판단된다. 15 알레르기결막염이 38.5% 의환자에서동반되었는데, 이는플릭텐각결막염과알레르기결막염의연관성을시사하였던보고와상응한다. 16 플릭텐각결막염의원인항원에대한알레르기반응이플린텐이생기기이전에알레르기결막염의양상으로나타날수있음을고려해볼수있다. 눈꺼풀분비물배양검사에서는 Candida와플릭텐각결막염의연관성을밝힌보고도있었지만, 17 진균은배양되지않았다. 표피포도알균및머리포도알균이각각 6예및 1예보고되었는데, 이는역시포도알균과플릭텐각결막염의연관성을시사하는소견으로, 기존연구결과와일치한다. 16,18 일본의연구에서는 20명의환자중 12명에서프로피오니박테륨아크네가동정되었는데, 8 본연구에서는 1예에서만동정되어, 일본에서의동정균주분포와는다른양상을보였다. 특기할사항은본연구에서는각막염환자가 80.8% 로결막염환자에비해매우많았다는점이다. 기존의보고에서는플릭텐각결막염환자의각막염과결막염의유병율을분석한문헌은없어서양또는일본의역학과비교할수는없었으나, 이러한사항은매우주목할만하다. 본연구에서 10

5 - 조동현외 : 플릭텐각결막염의임상양상 - 는시축을가리는경우가각막염의 40% 정도로, 이후에도잔여혼탁등에의해시력이저하될가능성이있었다. 관해치료가빠를경우그러한가능성을막을수있으나, 플릭텐각막염을가볍게생각해서는안될것으로판단된다. 특히, 유병자의대부분이소아또는젊은성인임을고려하여, 시력의손상을막기위한적극적인치료가요구된다. 이때한가지고려할점은, 각막병변이결막병변에비해시력저하, 눈물흘림, 불편감등심각한증상을더많이일으키기때문에플릭텐환자중각막염환자가 3차병원을더선호하여방문하였을선택바이어스의가능성이다. 또한, 진단이오인되거나늦어져서치료가잘되지않은경우만선택적으로 1차및 2차병원에서의뢰되었을선택바이어스의가능성도염두에두어야하겠다. 1차병원에서의뢰된플릭텐각막염의대부분은상세불명각막염 (38.1%), 헤르페스각막염 (14.3%) 또는각막궤양 (9.5%) 을의심하여의뢰되었고, 플릭텐결막염은결막종양, 공막염, 상세불명결막염으로진단되어의뢰된경우가있었다. 이를통해, 플릭텐각막염의진단이쉽지않으며종종헤르페스각막염으로오인되는것을알수있었다. 따라서, 젊은성인또는소아에서헤르페스각막염이의심되는병변이있는데, 1주이상항헤르페스제제를처치하였음에도불구하고반응이없으면서심한안검염을동반한경우에는플릭텐각결막염을진단에고려할수있겠다. 추가적으로, 본연구에서는플릭텐각막염에서는각막실질의침윤은 100% 에서관찰되었으나, 각막부종은 1례도없었다. 이러한소견또한헤르페스내피세포염과실질염이동반된환자와플릭텐각막염을감별할때고려할수있을것으로판단된다. 한편, 초진및관해후시력을비교한분석에서는전체환자및시축을침범한군에서유의한차이가있었다 ( 모두 P=0.028). 단, 초진시시력이시축침범여부에따라차이가없었는데, 이는시축을침범하였던 11안중 5안에서 Snellen 시력으로 0.6 이상의높은시력을보였기때문으로판단된다. 그럼에도불구하고, 시축을침범한군에서는관해치료후유의한시력호전을보였는데, 이는역시플릭텐각막염이시력저하의요인이될수있으므로빠른초진단및적극적인관해치료가필요함을시사한다. 일반적으로플릭텐각결막염의치료는국소적인스테로이드점안 9 및눈꺼풀테의청소, 경구항생제의복용등으로이루어져있다. 11,19 안검염의치료는최소한 6개월이상지속되어야하고안검염이경미하게남은경우에는완전히관해될때까지지속치료가필요하다. 경구항생제로는살균효과뿐아니라지질분해세포외효소에대한억제효과도있어 doxycycline 또는 minocycline이보편적으로사용되 고있다. 4 스테로이드에부작용이나타나는경우, 효과적으로알려진 0.5% 또는 2% 시클로스포린으로대체치료할수있으나, 4,9 실제임상에서는안자극감이너무심하여거의사용하지않는다. 시클로스포린은 calcineurin에대한억제제로서이를통해 T 세포의활성을저하시켜각종항원에대한지연형과민반응에의한플릭텐각결막염의증상을완화시킬수있을것으로생각된다. 4,9,20 초기치료에강한역가의스테로이드를 2시간간격또는 1일 6회등으로적극치료하고, 3주이내에약을줄이면일반적인안압상승의부작용을최소화할수있고, 유지치료로 0.05% cyclosporine으로전환하면스테로이드장기간사용에대한부작용을방지할수있다. 저자들이조사한바로는현재까지플릭텐각결막염에서 0.05% cyclosporine을유지치료로사용한보고는없었는데, 국소 cyclosporine은소아환자에서도비교적안전하게사용할수있다고보고되어있고, % cyclosporine은자극감이적고, 기존의 2%, 0.5% cyclosporine과달리상용화된제품이있어, 임상에서활용도가높다고판단된다. 단지, 본연구의약 10% 에서 0.05% cyclosporine 유지치료중에플릭텐이재발한것을고려할때정기적인경과관찰및환자의교육을통해, 재발을모니터링하는것이중요하겠다. 재발한경우에도다시적극적인스테로이드치료로쉽게관해되었다. 결론적으로, 본연구에따르면국내의 3차병원에내원한플릭텐각결막염환자는인구학적특성및안검염유무, 동정균주는기존서양및일본연구와비슷하였고, 프로피오니박테륨아크네는거의발견되지않아일본보고와일부차이를보였다. 시축을가리는각막염의빈도가 40% 정도되었지만, 관해치료를통해통계적으로유의한시력회복을얻을수있었다. 따라서플릭텐각결막염을초기에적절히진단하여치료를시작하는것이중요함을알수있었다. 참고문헌 1) Abu el Asrar AM, Geboes K, Maudgal PC, et al. Immunocytological study of phlyctenular eye disease. Int Ophthalmol 1987;10: ) Singal A, Aggarwal P, Pandhi D, et al. Cutaneous tuberculosis and phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis: a forgotten association. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2006;72: ) Ostler HB. Corneal perforation in nontuberculous (staphylococcal) phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1975;79: ) Neiberg MN, Sowka J. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in a patient with Staphylococcal blepharitis and ocular rosacea. Optometry 2008;79: ) Thygeson P. Observations on nontuberculous phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1954; 58: ) Hird RB. Phlyctenular disease and its relation to tuberculosis. Br J 11

6 - 대한안과학회지 2011 년제 52 권제 1 호 - Ophthalmol 1918;2: ) Beauchamp GR, Gillette TE, Friendly DS. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1981;18: ) Suzuki T, Mitsuishi Y, Sano Y, et al. Phlyctenular keratitis associated with meibomitis in young patients. Am J Ophthalmol 2005; 140: ) Doan S, Gabison E, Gatinel D, et al. Topical cyclosporine A in severe steroid-dependent childhood phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;141: ) Zaidman GW, Brown SI. Orally administered tetracycline for phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1981;92: ) Koo GH, Lee JS. Treatment of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis with oral tetracycline in recurrent phlyctenulosis. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2003;44: ) Thygeson P, Fritz MH. Cortisone in the treatment of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1951;34: ) Philip RN, Comstock GW, Shelton JH. Phlyctenular Keratoconjunctivitis among Eskimos in Southwestern Alaska. I. Epidemiologic Characteristics. Am Rev Respir Dis 1965;91: ) Reza M, Sheridan L. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis and marginal staphylococcal keratitis. In: Krachmer J, Mannis M, Holland E, eds. Cornea. Second ed. 2005; ) Reilly CD, Mannis MJ, Steven DC. Toxic conjunctivitis. In: Krachmer J, Mannis M, Holland E, eds. Cornea. Second ed. 2005; ) Rohatgi J, Dhaliwal U. Phlyctenular eye disease: a reappraisal. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2000;44: ) Thygeson P. The etiology and treatment of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1951;34: ) Bjorkenheim B. On precipitating factors in phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. A study on the role of tuberculosis and streptococcal and staphylococcal infection in phlyctenular disease. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl 1951;36: ) Culbertson WW, Huang AJ, Mandelbaum SH, et al. Effective treatment of phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis with oral tetracycline. Ophthalmology 1993;100: ) Donnenfeld E, Pflugfelder SC. Topical ophthalmic cyclosporine: pharmacology and clinical uses. Surv Ophthalmol 2009;54: ) Cosar CB, Laibson PR, Cohen EJ, et al. Topical cyclosporine in pediatric keratoplasty. Eye Contact Lens 2003;29:

7 - 조동현외 : 플릭텐각결막염의임상양상 - =ABSTRACT= Analysis of Clinical Characteristics in Phlyctenular Keratoconjunctivitis at a Tertiary Center Dong Hyun Jo, MD 1,2, Mee Kum Kim, MD, PhD 1,2, Won Ryang Wee, MD, PhD 1,2, Jin Hak Lee, MD, PhD 1,2,3 Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine 1, Seoul, Korea Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute 2, Seoul, Korea Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital 3, Seongnam, Korea Purpose: To report the clinical characteristics of patients with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis at a tertiary care center in Korea. Methods: The authors of the present study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 26 patients who were diagnosed with phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, identifying the age and sex at diagnosis, diagnosis of the referring clinic, laterality and location of the lesions, the results of bacterial cultures from the meibum, and treatment options. Results: Eighteen patients (76.2%) were female, and the mean age at diagnosis was 18.4 ± 10.5 years. Nine patients (34.6%) showed evidence of bilateral diseases, and corneal lesions were observed in 27 eyes of 21 patients. Bacterial cultures from the meibum were performed for 17 patients, with the following results: 6 cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 4 cases of Corynebacterium species, and 1 case of Propionibacterium acne. Neovascularization with corneal phlyctenules occurred from the inferior quadrant mostly. Twenty-four patients received the remission treatment of prednisolone acetate 1% eye drops and evidence of regression of new vessels was observed in all patients. Three patients (16.7%) experienced recurrence despite the maintenance treatment of cyclosporine 0.05% eye drops. Visual acuities improved significantly after the remission treatment, as compared to the initial visit. Conclusions: The phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis patients who visited the tertiary center in Korea showed similar findings regarding demographics, involvement of blepharitis, and identified microorganisms, as compared with patients in previous reports. However, corneal lesions involving the visual axis were frequent, suggesting that with proper diagnosis and treatment, improvement in visual acuities is possible. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(1):7-13 Key Words: Blepharitis, Cornea, Keratoconjunctivitis, Korean, Phlyctenular keratitis Address reprint requests to Mee Kum Kim, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital #28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul , Korea Tel: , Fax: , kmk9@snu.ac.kr 13

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

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