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1 대한임상검사학회지 : 41권제1호, 42-46, 2009 ISSN 자동화매독검사키트의임상적유용성및생물학적위양성률의평가 가톨릭대학교인천성모병원진단검사의학과 김성만 이제훈 Evaluation of Clinical Utility and Biologic False Positive (BFP) Rates in Automated Syphilis Test Kits for Syphilis Screening Sung-Man Kim and Jehoon Lee Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon Korea Unlike most bacteria, Treponema pallidum subspecies cannot be readily isolated or sustained in cell culture for numerous generations. In korea, two non treponemal tests are currently considered as standard; the VDRL slide test and RPR card test. These tests are based on an antigen composed of an alcoholic solution containing measured amount of cardiolipin, cholesterol, and sufficient purified lecithin to produce reactivity. The nontreponemal reagin tests measure immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG to lipoidal material released from damaged host cells as well as to lipoprotein-like material and possibly by cardiolipin released from the treponemes. The object of the evaluation was to evaluate the performance of the Mediace RPR kit on the automated biochemistry analyzer system as a method for screen method of syphilis as well as to identify BFP possibility. For evaluation of routine screening test, a total 2,380 specimens tested by Mediace RPR from 28th Oct, 2007 to 22th Feb, For evaluation of BFP possiblility, we measured samples which have potential BFP reaction in Syphilis test such as ANA (anti-nuclear antibody) positive (135 samples), CRP (C-reactive protein) positive (100 samples), RF (Rheumatoid factor) positive (26 samples), and other potential BFP cases (17 samples) including total 278 samples. These samples were tested quantitative test Mediace RPR with Hitachi 7600 P module. For comparison with current manual test, VDRL slide test were performed. Of these 2380 specimens, 2350 were negative, 30 were positive, and one were positive with TPHA. Both methods agreed for 2356 (98.9%) samples. Of the 30 samples showed positive results over 1.0 R.U, 6 samples showed positive results with VDRL test. Of these 6 samples, 1 samples showed positive with TPHA test. The combination of the Automated Biochemistry analyzer and VDRL test for retest can be increase efficiency of syphilis screening test. Key Words : Mediace RPR, VDRL, TPHA, BFP I. 서론 교신저자 : 이제훈, ( 우 ) , 인천광역시부평구부평 6 동 665 가톨릭대학교인천성모병원진단검사의학과 TEL : lyejh@catholic.ac.kr 매독은전세계적으로중요한성병중의하나이다. 매독의선별검사와지속적인관리를위해서는 Venereal 42

2 Korean J. Clin. Lab. Sci. 41(1):42-46, 2009 Disease Research Laboratory(VDRL) 과같은비트레포네마검사나, Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) 와같은트레포네마등의혈청학적진단이필요하다 (Ratman, 2005). VDRL 검사의경우는특이도가매우낮을뿐아니라, 위양성빈도가매우높다. 매우높은역가를보이는혈청에서위양성결과가보고되는것은항체과잉 (prozone) 현상에기인한다. 일반적인세균과는달리, Treponema pallidum 균종은분리가쉽지않을뿐아니라, 세포배양또한쉽지않으며, 잠복기나후기매독인경우에는더욱그러하다. 따라서, 혈청학적검사수행이필요한데일반적으로혈청학적검사는두가지분류로나누어지는데, 앞서언급한바와같은비트레포네마검사와트레포네마검사가해당된다. 우리나라에서는현재두종류의비트레포네마검사가기준검사법으로서널리사용되고있다. 즉 VDRL 슬라이드법과 RPR 카드검사법으로이들방법들은 1 차적매독선별검사나약물치료후효과의판정을위한정성적검사목적으로이용되고있다. 이러한검사는지질항원과콜레스테롤그리고항원과의반응을위해충분히정제된감작항체의양을측정할수있는알콜성의용해액으로구성된항원을기반으로하고있다. 비트레포네마검사는매독균으로부터배출된지질항원과지질단백질같은분비물질에의하여숙주세포가손상을입게되어배출되는 IgM과 IgG를측정한다. Antilipoidal 항체는매독균과다른트레포네마질병균의결과물을생산해낼뿐만아니라, 손상을입은조직내에서급성과만성의비트레포네마질병에반응하는결과물을생산해낸다 (Nayar와 Ampos, 1993). 따라서, 매독진단에있어서어떠한증거가없는데도비트레포네마검사에서반응이일어났다고하여 T. palildum에감염되었다고확진을하면안된다. 연구자들은매독균의선별검사방법으로써, 자동생화학장비에서의 Mediace RPR 키트의수행능력과생물학적위양성의가능성을어느정도낮출수있는지알아보고자하였다. II. 재료및방법 1. 대상매독선별검사의평가를위해 2007년 10월 28일부터 2008년 2월 22일까지총 2,380 개의검체를 Mediace RPR로검사를하였다. 위양성의평가를위해잠재적위양성을지닌 135 개의 ANA(anti-nuclear antibody) 양성검체, 100 개의 CRP(Creactive protein) 양성검체, 26 개의 RF(Rheumatoid factor) 양성검체와 17 개의다른잠재적위양성을가지고있는검체를포함하여총 278 개의검체를대상으로하였다. 2. 측정기기및시약 HITACHI 7600 P 모듈에서정량검사인 Mediace RPR 로테스트하였다. 시약은라텍스응집비탁법을원리로이용한것으로 Treponema pallidum(nichols 주 ) 의균체유래성분을감작시킨폴리스티렌라텍스에의한 Mediace TPLA(Sekisui : 이하 TPLA) 와지질항원 (cardiolipin, lecithin) 을감작시킨폴리스티렌라텍스의 Madiace RPR(Sekisui: 이하 RPR) 을사용하였다. 또한비교검사로써현재수기법으로널리이용하고있는 VDRL 슬라이드검사를수행하였다. 측정단위는 TPLA가 T.U.(1 T.U.=1.64 miu), RPR은 R.U. 로표현하고, 각각의임계치는 TPLA를 10 T.U., RPR을 1 R.U. 로설정하였다. 3. 정밀도평가및직선성검정정밀도평가에는두농도의혼주혈청 (pooled sera) 를이용하였고 10 일동안직성성검정을위하여고항체가환자혈청을생리식염수로단계적으로희석하여확인하였다. 4. 기존방법과의비교및생물학적위양성률평가기존의 VDRL 방법과비교하여일치율을구하였고, RPR의임계치를 1.0과 2.0 R.U. 로각각설정할경우각검사법에따른생물학적위양성률의변화를알아보았다. 43

3 대한임상검사학회지 41(1):42-46, 2009 III. 결 과 Table 2. The comparison of Mediace RPR, VDRL and TPHA results 1. 정밀도두농도의혼주혈청을사용하여동시재현성 (n=15) 을검토한결과, CV는각각 RPR에서 3.8~6.7% TPLA에서 2.64~5.08% 이었다 (Table 1). Mediace RPR VDRL TPHA Non reactive 2,350 Negative Not performed Reactive Total 2, Table 1. Precision of Mediace RPR and TPLA tests Level Mean SD CV Range (R.U) (R.U) (%) (R.U) RPR Low ~1.4 High ~4.5 TPLA Low ~26.8 High ~ 희석직선성 고항체가환자혈청을생리식염수로단계적으로희석하여측정한결과 TPLA에서는약 250 T.U., RPR에서는 7.0 R.U. 까지직선성이확인되었다 (Fig. 1). 4. 생물학적위양성률임계치를 1.0 R.U. 로설정한경우 RPR로검사한 ANA 양성검체의생물학적위양성 (BFP, biological false postive) 의가능성은 5.2% 였고, 수기법으로검사한경우에는 6.7% 였다. CRP 양성검체의경우 RPR에서 BFP 가능성은 5% 였으며, 수기법의경우 3% 였다. RF 양성검체의경우 RPR에서 BFP 가능성은 7.7% 였으며, 수기법의경우 3.8% 였다. 다른검사항목의검체를포함하여, RPR의경우총 BFP는 5.4% 였으며수기법의경우에서는 4.7% 였다. RPR의임계치를 2.0 R.U. 로설정하면, 전체위양성률은 2.5% 로감소된다 (Table 3.). 3. 기존방법과의일치율총 2,380 개의검체를 RPR로검사한결과, 이중에서 2350 개는음성이었고, 30 개는양성이었다 (Table 2). 기존의 VDRL 방법과 2,356 검체가일치하여, 98.9% 의일치율을보였다. 1.0 R.U. 이상의양성을보인 30 개의검체중 VDRL에서양성을보인검체는 6 개였으며, 6 개의검체중 1 개검체에서만 TPHA검사양성을보였다. IV. 고찰및결론 일반적으로검사실에서는신속성과정확성을항상요구하고있으며또한다량의검사를정해진시간에수행해야하는현실에직면해있다. 따라서이러한목적에맞는자동화시스템뿐만아니라기존의수기법을대체할 측정치 RPR Linearity y = 0.96x R 2 = 측정예상치 측정치 TPLA Linearity y = x R 2 = 측정예상치 Fig. 1. The linearity curves of TPLA and RPR tests. 44

4 Korean J. Clin. Lab. Sci. 41(1):42-46, 2009 Table 3. The biologic false positive (BFP) rates of Mediace RPR and RPR card Mediace RPR (1.0 R.U.) RPR card test Mediace RPR (2.0 R.U.) ANA(+) (n=135) 7 (5.2%) 9 (6.7%) 2 (1.5%) CRP(+) (n=100) 5 (5.0%) 3 (3.0%) 2 (2.0%) RF(+) (n=26) 2 (7.7%) 1 (3.8%) 2 (7.7%) Others(+) (n=17) Total (n=278) 15 (5.4%) 13 (4.7%) 7 (2.5%) 수있는새로운방법들이필요하다. Mediace RPR 검사는일본에서개발되었고 (Kazuhisa 등, 2002; Kinjyo 등, 2005), 국내에는 2005년에소개되어많은의료기관에서사용하고있다. 인천성모병원진단검사의학과에서는월 1,000~1,500 건의매독선별검사를하고있으며기존의수기법으로는인력과시간의효율적인사용이불가능하여매독선별검사로서자동화된생화학분석기를이용한 Mediace RPR 방법을도입하게되었다. Hitachi 7600 P 모듈을통하여한시간에 100 건정도의검사를처리하고있다. 이번연구에서 Mediace RPR의정밀도는변이계수가저농도고농도에서각각 3.8% 와 6.7%, TPLA에서 2.64~ 5.08% 로국내다른연구에서보다더좋은값을보였고 ( 김등, 2007) 직선성검증을위한고역가검체의희석검사에서도 TPLA에서는약 250 T.U., RPR에서는 7.0 R.U. 까지직선성이확인되어정량검사로이용하기에적합한것으로판명되었다. 그러나임계치근처의저농도에서양성과음성의판정을위하여더높은정밀도가요구된다. Mediace RPR과종래법과의전반적인일치율은임상검체 2,380 예에대하여 98.9% 였다. 불일치가있는 24 예의경우 1 예를제외한나머지는생물학적위양성반응으로판단하였다. 비트레포넴검사에서는급성발열성진환, 임신, 자가면역질환, 염증성질환등에의해서위양성이나올수있으며, 정상인에서도소수발견된다 (Conley와 Savarese, 1989; Pope 등, 2002). 본연구에서이러한위양성이나올만한질환들의검체를이용하여기존의수기법과비교한결과 Mediace RPR의임계치를 1.0 R.U. 로설정한경우 5.4% 로수기법의 4.7% 보다약간높았다. 그러나 Mediace RPR의임계치를 2.0 R.U. 로설정하면, 전체위양성률은 2.5% 로감소되었다. 따라서임상적으로매독을 판정하는기준과위양성률을최소화하기위한임계치사이에적절한값의설정이가능할것으로보이고, 이러한정량검사가기존의정성검사를대체할근거가될수있으며, 치료효과에따른값의변화를쉽게측정할수있는장점이있다. 따라서매독검사자동화의시도로써라텍스응집비탁법을원리로하는항 TP 항체, 항지질항체시약을동시에범용형자동분석장치에적용하는것이임상적으로유용하며, 검사실에서쉽게적용하기에좋을것으로생각한다. 참고문헌 1. Conley CL, Savarese DM. Biologic false-positive serologic tests for syphilis and other serologic abnormalities in autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura. Medicine(Baltimore) 68(2): 67-84, Kazuhisa O, Nagao T, Inuzumi K, Araki H, Kawai K. Clinical evaluation of latex agglutination test kits for detecting nti-syphilitic lipoidal antibodies and antitreponemal antibodies. Jap J Sex Transm Dis 13: , Kinjyo, Nago T, Kinyama KS, Ohshiro M, Naamine T, Yamane N. 4. Laboratory-based evaluation of latex-agglutination turbidimetric assay by Mediace RPR on P Module of Hitachi autoanalyzer 7600 to quantitatively determine serum RPR antibody. Jap J Clin Lab Assoca 30: , Nayar R, Ampos JM. Evaluation of the DCL Syphilis-G enzyme immunoassay test kit for the 45

5 대한임상검사학회지 41(1):42-46, 2009 serologic diagnosis of syphilis. Am J Clin Pathol 99: , Pope V, Bragg SL, Schridfer ME, Larsen SA. Manual of clinical laboratory immnunology. 6th ed, p , Americal Society fo Microbiology, Washington DC, Ratman S. The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 16(1):45-51, 김한성, 이영경, 강희정. 자동화분석기용 Mediace RPR 검사를이용한매독의혈청학적검사. 임상검사와정도관리 29(1): ,

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