<BFF8C0FA30322DB1E8C5C2C8C42E687770>

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "<BFF8C0FA30322DB1E8C5C2C8C42E687770>"

Transcription

1 Research in Vestibular Science Vol. 9, No. 2, June 2010 Original Article pissn , eissn 노인성어지럼증에서노인들에맞춘전정재활운동의효과 한림대학교의과대학이비인후 - 두경부외과 1, 한림대학교의과대학산업의학과 2, 경상대학교의과전문대학원이비인후과 3 김태후 1, 김범규 1, 허철영 1, 이재석 1, 박일석 1, 김용복 1, 장태원 2, 안성기 3 Effect of Elderly Organized Vestibular Rehabilitation for Presbystasis Tae Hoo Kim, MD 1, Beom Gyu Kim, MD 1, Chul Young Heo, MD 1, Jae Seok Lee, MA 1, Il-Seok Park, MD 1, Yong Bok Kim, MD 1, Tae-Won Jang, MD 2, Seong-Ki Ahn, MD 3 Departments of 1 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck; 2 Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul; and 3 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeonsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea Received May 12, 2010 Accepted May 24, 2010 Corresponding Author: Beom Gyu Kim Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Yeongdeungpo-dong 2-ga, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul , Korea Tel: Fax: kbgyu@hallym.or.kr Copyright c 2010 by The Korean Balance Society. All rights reserved. Background and Objectives Recently, The number of patients who have been complaining of the vertigo or dizziness has been increasing due to rapid growth of the elderly population and senile change. Aging is associated with decreased balance abilities, resulting in an increased risk of fall. The purpose of this study is to analyze the result of elderly organized vestibular rehabilitation therapy for presbystasis. Materials and Methods A prospective study was performed on elderly population over sixty-five years. 148 dizzy patients who were admitted to Hallym University Medical Center. We recruited 64 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of presbystasis and treatment of rehabilitation. They were asked to complete the Korean vestibular disorders activities of daily living scale (K-VADL) for the functional aspect before and two to twelve weeks after elderly organized vestibular rehabilitation therapy. The result was analyzed by statistical methods. Results The K-VADL scores were decreased in patient of presbystasis compared with first questionnaire. There were statistically significant differences in the K-VADL scores between before and after rehabilitation therapy. Conclusion Most patients can effectively and safely utilize the modified vestibular rehabilitation therapy. Our results suggest that the vestibular rehabilitation therapy could provide a recovery for dizzy symptoms in presbystasis. Research in Vestibular Science 2010;9(2):58-63 Key Words: Presbystasis; Vestibular rehabilitation 서론어지럼의유병률은나이가들어감에따라증가하게된다. 70세이상의남자에서는 47%, 여자에서는 61% 의유병률이보고되고있으며이러한어지럼은노령기에가장흔한증상 의하나로알려져있다. 1 노인들에게서일어나는쓰러짐 (falling) 의원인중 6.4~7.2% 가어지럼으로인해서발생한다고하며, 낙상으로인해노인연령층에서높은질병이환율과사망률을갖게된다. 1 현재까지알려진노령기어지럼의원인들중에는전정계 58

2 김태후외 7 인. 노인성어지럼증의전정재활운동 문제가가장많은부분을차지하는것으로알려져있다. 문헌보고에의하면그중양성돌발성두위현훈이가장많아약 32~39% 이며, 다음으로메니에르병, 전정신경염, 혈관질환, 종양등의순이라고하였다. 이들특정원인질환들은그에대한적절한치료를함으로써치료가대부분가능하지만특정원인이밝혀지지않은어지럼을노인성어지럼 (presbystasis) 으로정의를내리며유병률은전체의약 22~79% 로다양한보고가있다. 2,3 노인에서의전정질환에대한연구들은국내외에서다수보고된바있었고, 양성돌발성두위현훈과전정신경염에대한치료후전정기능검사나설문지등을통해서평가를한연구결과도보고된바있으나, 노인성어지럼에대한치료방법이나전정재활치료후치료효과에대한구체적평가를시행한연구는보고된바가없다. 1,4,5 또한기존의전정재활운동법들이다양하게개발되어사용되고있지만고령이나신체장애가있는환자들에게는사용하기에불편한점이많이있었다. 따라서저자들은노인성어지럼에있어서전정재활을위해기존의방법들을노인의편의에맞춰수정, 조합하여일반적이고도적절한재활운동법을고안하였으며, 이를대상자군에적용시켜얼마나지속적으로시행가능한지, 그리고전정재활운동치료전과후의어지럼설문지를이용하여주관적증상의호전정도를평가하여그효과를판정하였다. 대상및방법 1. 대상우리나라에서는 1981년도노인복지법에노인을 65세이상으로규정하였다. 따라서노인성어지럼을선별하기위해어지럼을주소로 2009년 3월부터 8월까지한림대의료원산하한강성심병원과강남성심병원, 한림대성심병원, 춘천성심병원이비인후과외래를찾아오는 65세이상의환자 148 명을대상으로전향적연구를시행하였다. 환자는일차적으로이비인후과에서자세한문진과이학적검사, 혈액검사, 전정기능검사 (video-electronystagmography, VNG), 전정유발근전위 (vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, VEMP) 검사등을통해말초성어지럼질환을먼저감별진단하였고, Figure 1. The organized vestibular rehabilitation therapy. 59

3 Res Vestibul Sci Vol. 9, No. 2, Jun 중추성어지럼을감별하기위해신경과와, 안구질환과의감별을위해안과와도협진을하였다. 이러한검사등을통하여서도특별한원인이밝혀지지않는 67명의어지럼환자를노인성어지럼으로분류하였으며, 이들중시력및보행등의장애가없으며끝까지재활치료에참여한 64명을대상군으로선정하였다. 2. 전정재활치료 재활치료는기존의개발되었던 Cawthorne-Cooksey 운동에근간을두고가급적모든대상자가실제로수행가능하도록노인의편의에맞춰변형된프로토콜을제작하였다 (Figure 1). 이프로그램은먼저치료자에의해환자와보호자교육이선행된후연속적인치료효과증진을위해집에서의자가훈련을도모하는형태로, 적응운동 (habituation exercise) 을통해운동유발성증상을경감시키고, 평형운동 (balance exercise) 으로감각및운동조절기전의회복을도모하였으며중추보상작용의유지를위해매일도보를시행토록교육하고정기적인외래추적관찰과전화통화로독려하였다. 1회의치료시간은약 30분으로하루에 2번씩매일시행하도록하였고각각의운동치료시행여부, 시행후운동시간과어지럼, 구토등과같은증상의유발또는악화유무등을기록하도록하였다. 재활치료는시행약 2개월후 2차설문조사를통해서치료전과후의상태를비교분석하여치료효과를판정하도록하였고치료중증상완화를위한투약이나다른조치는하지않았다. 3. 치료효과평가 Figure 2. Korean vestibular disorders activities of dailly living scale (VADL). 4. 통계학적검증 통계학적검증은 SPSS ver (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 을이용하여각집단의치료전후의차이를확인하기위해대응표본 T검정을이용하였으며 p값이 0.05 미만인경우를통계학적으로의미있다고해석하였다. 치료효과는모든대상자들에게치료전과평균약 2개월정도의재활치료가진행된후 2차례에걸쳐설문조사를시행하여장애의정도를분석및평가하였다. 삶의질 ( 불편도 ) 측정은대상자들의기능적평가를위하여 2004년개발된한국어번역판어지럼측도표준화연구에서정한 Korean vestibular disorders activities of daily living scale (K-VADL) 를가지고설문조사하였다 (Figure 2). 그리고 K-VADL 일부문항에있어서노인들에게공통적으로적용하기어려운문항인성생활및운전여부의설문은제외하였다. 따라서정상인경우에있어서 K-VADL점수는 26점으로측정되었고, 점수가높을수록증상이심한것을나타내었다. 결과어지럼을주소로내원한 65세이상의노인 148명중노인성어지럼이 67명 (45%) 으로가장많은빈도를보였고 (Figure 3), 연령별분포는 65세에서 87세로평균 71.75±6.04 세로나타났고, 성별은여자 99명, 남자 49명이었다 ( 여 : 남 =2:1). 노인성어지럼환자들의평균재활기간은 63±14일이었으며, 대상자의중 64명 (95%) 에서운동법설명브로셔에기재된일일운동횟수에맞춰하루 30분씩오전과오후에걸쳐열심히재활에임한것으로나타났다. 어지럼은운동시작 3~7일까지는 64명중 18명 (28%) 에서운동시주관적어지 60

4 김태후외 7 인. 노인성어지럼증의전정재활운동 Figure 3. The prevalance of elderly prevalence dizziness patients. BPPV, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Meniere's disease 8% VADL VADL 0 Pre-treatment Post-treatment Figure 4. Effect of vestibular rehabilitation therapy in presbystasis (VADL score). * p<0.05: statistically significant. 럼이악화되었다고하였으나전화독려및상담등을통해이후로는대부분감소하여재활운동을지속할수있었다. 64명의환자중 60명 (94%) 의환자에서 K-VADL점수의호전이있었으며나머지 4명의환자는운동전후의점수가같았다. 대상자들의치료전평균 K-VADL 점수는 51±22점이었고치료후점수는평균 34±10점으로감소하여통계적으로도의미있게호전을보였다 (p<0.05) (Figure 4). 고 2000년도에한국은 UN 기준으로 65세이상의인구가전체인구의 7% 이상을차지하는노령화사회로진입하였고, 통계청에따르면 2019년에는 14.4%, 2026년에는 20% 가노인인초고령사회에진입할것으로전망하고있다. 1 또한지속적인어지럼으로일차진료기관을방문하는환자가 65세인구전체의 4% 에달한다고한다. 6 그러나이러한통계수치는다소낮게추정될수있는데, 그이유는많은노인들이 찰 평형장애를연령이증가하면서당연히발생하는증상으로여기고그냥지내는경우가많기때문이다. 1986년 Belal과 Glorig 2 에의하면어지럼을호소하는 65 세이상노인 740명을대상으로한연구에서그원인을밝혀낸경우가 21% 였고나머지 79% 에선원인을밝히지못하였고이를노인성어지럼이라고진단하였다고한다. 국내에서는 2003년 Rhee 7 의보고에의하면 240명의노령기어지럼환자에서 87명 (36%) 만원인을밝혔고, 나머지 153명 (64%) 에서는특정한원인을밝힐수없었지만전정재활치료를시행하여의미있는결과를얻었다고보고하였다. 반면에 Sloane 등 8 은지속적인어지럼을호소하는 70세이상의 116명을검사한결과 85% 에서특정원인을찾을수있다고하였다. 이처럼노인성어지럼에대한정확한정의를내리는것에있어서도학계에서는의견이분분하며서로다른연구결과를발표하기도하여아직도논란의여지가많은상황이다. 최근에는전기안진검사및동적자세검사, 회전검사와같은전정과균형기능에대한검사들이발달하면서특정원인을밝혀낼수있는경우가증가하면서이러한정의도점차확립이될것으로생각한다. 본연구에서는 65세이상의어지럼을호소하는환자들에서노인성어지럼이가장많았고, 전정신경염, 양성돌발성두위현훈의빈도순으로나타났다. 빈도에대한다른연구와의차이는이번연구를시행한계절적인시점 (4~9월) 과도연관이있을것이며, 대상자선정기간을 1년이상으로한다면좀더정확한자료가되지않았을까생각한다. 또한본연구에서는급성기의전정신경염의증상이없이전기안진검사에서만반고리관마비 (canal paresis) 소견을보이는경우 (10예) 는정의상노인성어지럼으로분류를하였다. 이러한이유가노인성어지럼이예상외로높은빈도를차지하는데기여하였을가능성도있다. 어지럼은환자의심리적, 기능적, 혹은사회적이상을초래하는주관적장애이므로기존에이용되던온도안진검사나회전검사등은초기중추보상을정확히반영하지못하거나주관적인느낌과차이가있을수있고, 경제적인이유로여러번의반복검사가어렵다는제한점으로인해치료효과를판정하는데한계성이있다. 이러한점을들어환자의주관적증상을바탕으로치료효과를판정할수있는효과적인도구로써서구에서는정량화된여러어지럼설문지를사용하여왔다. 이에대하여 2004년도에대한평형학회차원에서국외에서흔히사용되는어지럼설문지중가장보편적으로사용된어지럼척도 4종류인 DHI (dizziness handicap inventory), ABC (activities-specific balance confidence scale), FL 61

5 Res Vestibul Sci Vol. 9, No. 2, Jun (functional level scale of the AAO-HNF), VADL (vetibular disorders activities of daily living scale) 들을선정하여한국어로번역하여신뢰도와타당도를입증하였다. 9 본연구에서선택한 VADL은 2000년 Cohen 등 10 에의해보고된것으로, 기존에여러질환에사용되던 ADL (activities of daily living scale) 항목을어지럼에적합하게수정하여개발한것이다. 이것은기존에사용되어온설문지가어지럼을가진환자들의장애를표현하기에는다소비특이적이고실제일상생활에서흔히겪게되는동작들이생략되어있다는점을보완하기위해구체적이고세세한동작들을추가하여어지럼에대한특이도를높이고자하였다. 또한치료전후에따른기능적제한과신체적장애의변화를환자로하여금스스로측정하게하여자신의일상생활수행능력에대한이해를좀더사실적으로인식시키고자하였다. 따라서평형장애를가진노령층을대상으로연구개발된 ABC는설문내용이가장기본적인신체동작에국한되었다는한계점이있었고, 이에비하여 VADL은노인들의보다구체적인일상생활수행능력측정에더합당하다고판단하였다. 전정재활운동치료의목적은불충분한보상작용으로만성적인어지럼을호소하게되는경우기능적으로환자의평형능력을증대시켜일상생활의활동성과신체동요조절능력을향상시키며보행이나이와관련된운동중의안전을도모하여환자의증세즉, 어지럼을감소시키는데있다. 연구에따르면맞춤식전정재활운동과약물치료의결과를비교한결과, 맞춤식전정재활운동군은자세안정성의증진과앞뒤로의신체동요의감소, 외발서기시간의증진을보인반면, 약물치료군은오히려치료기간이길어졌다고한다. 3 따라서본연구에서는재활운동을하지않은대조군과는비교하지않았으며, 이는연구의윤리적문제와도상관이있었다. 또한재활치료의단순효과를보기위한연구이어서약물요법이나타치료방법과같은대조군과도비교하지않았다. 전정및평형재활치료의종류로는적응운동 (adaptation exercise), 습관화운동 (habituation exercise), 대치운동 (substitution exercise), 평형운동 (balance exercise), 보행운동 (gait exercise), 일반조절운동 (general conditioning) 등여러가지가있다. 11 그러나이러한운동요법은고령이거나신체장애가있는대상자에게는제대로시행하는데있어한계가있다. 따라서본연구에서는어지럼에대한재활운동이필요한노인들을대상으로각단계에맞춰대부분의노인들이운동가능하며, 보다쉽게참여할수있도록재활운동법을따로마련 하고자하였다. 특히전정기능장애시에기능의회복은중추신경계의유연성 (plasticity), 특히감각운동계의재구성에의한것으로보이며보상작용에는자연적인회복, 전정적응, 대치의세가지기전이관여하며재활운동도이세가지기전을통한회복이촉진되도록하는운동이다. 이에맞춰저자들은 Cawthorne-Cooksey 운동을근간으로하여이운동법에서노인들이시행하기힘든부분들즉, 선자세와움직이면서하는운동중관절을많이사용하는동작이나보호자의도움없이수행하기힘든운동들은제외하고, 환자의증세가유발되는일상생활에서의특별한자세나상황을찾아이를반복하게함으로써같은상황에노출되더라도증세가감소하게하는전정적응강화운동법을추가하여수정보완하였다. 특히이재활운동법은노인들에있어서균형을잡는데가장중요한전정안반사를집중하여강화시키며, 12,13 이와함께전정척수반사도강화시키는운동법이다. 따라서특별한원인이밝혀지지않은노인환자들대부분에서이번에수정된전정재활운동을통해높은수행율과좋은효과를얻을수있었다. 본연구에서는 3명의환자가운동을지속하지못하였는데, 그이유로 2명은운동시오심, 구토증상이심하여운동을지속할수없다고하였고, 다른 1명은보호자의부재로눈을감고시행하는운동시중심을잡을수없어지속적으로수행할수없다고하였다. 그리고운동후 K-VADL점수가악화된예는없었으나호전을보이지않았던환자는 4명으로서치료전후점수의변화가없었는데, 26점만점이 2명, 27점 1명, 37점 1명으로서이들은공통적으로운동전 K-VADL 점수가좋았던환자들이었다. 이연구는재활치료기간과추적기간이짧아서확정적인결론을내릴수없지만신체여러부분의중복장애를가진노인들에대한포괄적이고, 체계적인운동법으로소개할수있고, 이를통해노인들의일상생활에서의도움뿐만아니라쓰러짐을예방함으로써노인의질병이환및사망률을줄이고삶의질을개선하는데매우중요할것이다. 이번연구의제한점으로는비록시력과근력에따라재활운동의효과에차이가있을수있다고예상은되었지만동적자세검사 (posturography) 등을통한객관적으로수치화하지못한점은향후과제로남아있다고생각된다. 또한윤리적인문제등과같은여러이유로대조군을통한타치료법과의회복율을비교하지못한점은아쉬움이있다. 노인성어지럼은한가지원인보다는말초성, 중추성전정기관의퇴행을포함하여심혈관질환, 시력과체성감각을포함한신경계질환, 심인성질환, 당뇨, 복용약등여러복합적인 62

6 김태후외 7 인. 노인성어지럼증의전정재활운동 원인들도관여할수있다. 따라서이러한모든요소들을반영하여진단을하기위해서는각분야의전문의들이협력을하여야한다. 현재국내에서는각병원마다다양한전정재활운동법을개별적으로사용하고있는데, 이또한학회차원에서의보다기본적이고보편타당하게사용가능한전정재활운동법을제시하여모든임상의들이사용할수있도록도움을주는것도필요할것이라생각한다. 결 노인성어지럼증에대하여저자들이새로이고안하여적용하고있는전정재활운동은대상자노인들의 95% 에서완수할수있었고, 이러한운동을통해노인성어지럼의증상을감소시키는데효과적으로작용할수있음을알수있었다. 론 감사의글 본연구는보건복지부국민건강증진기금으로수행되었음 ( 일반 09-40). 중심단어 : 노인성어지럼, 전정재활치료운동 REFERENCES 1. Chung WH, Park KH. Vestibular disorders in the elderly. J Korean Bal Soc 2005;5: Belal A Jr, Glorig A. Dysequilibrium of ageing (presbyastasis). J Laryngol Otol 1986;100: Horak FB, Jones-Rycewicz C, Black FO, Shumway-Cook A. Effects of vestibular rehabilitation on dizziness and imbalance. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;106: Ban JH, Lee NH, Lee JK, Kwon HJ, Lee SJ, Lee NH. Assessment of residual subjective symptoms after canalith repositioning procedure in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Korean J Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2008;51: Kim JY, Hur DG, Jeon SY, Kim JP. Assessment of subjective symptoms using dizziness handicap inventory in patients with vestibular neuritis. Res Vestib Sci 2009; 8: Stevens KN, Lang IA, Guralnik JM, Melzer D. Epidemiology of balance and dizziness in a national population: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Age Ageing 2008;37: Rhee CK. Aging disequilibrium. J Korean Bal Soc 2003;2: Sloane PD, Baloh RW, Honrubia V. The vestibular system in the elderly: clinical implications. Am J Otolaryngol 1989; 10: Han GC, Lee EJ, Lee JH, Park SN, Lee HY, Jeon EJ, et al. The study of standardization for a Korean adaptation of self-report measures of dizziness. J Korean Bal Soc 2004;3: Cohen HS, Kimball KT, Adams AS. Application of the vestibular disorders activities of daily living scale. Laryngoscope 2000;110: Herdman SJ. Exercise strategies for vestibular disorders. Ear Nose Throat J 1989;68: Bruner A, Norris TW. Age-related changes in caloric nystagmus. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1971;282: Perrin PP, Jeandel C, Perrin CA, Bene MC. Influence of visual control, conduction, and central integration on static and dynamic balance in healthy older adults. Gerontology 1997;43:

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

KISEP Otology Korean J Otolaryngol 2000;43:482-7 수직반고리관기능짝에대한회전검사 한규철 Analysis of Vertical Semicircular Canal Rotational Test in Healthy Adults Gyu Ch

KISEP Otology Korean J Otolaryngol 2000;43:482-7 수직반고리관기능짝에대한회전검사 한규철 Analysis of Vertical Semicircular Canal Rotational Test in Healthy Adults Gyu Ch KISEP Otology Korean J Otolaryngol 2000;43:482-7 수직반고리관기능짝에대한회전검사 한규철 Analysis of Vertical Semicircular Canal Rotational Test in Healthy Adults Gyu Cheol Han, MD Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

( )Kju269.hwp

( )Kju269.hwp 만성세균성전립선염모델흰쥐에서 의항염효과 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Lycopene on Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Rat Model Cho Hwan Yang, Dong Wan Sohn, Yong-Hyun Cho From the Department of Urology, The Catholic University

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

KISEP Otology Korean J Otolaryngol 1999;42: 외측반규관기원의양성발작성두위안진 연세대학교의과대학이비인후과학교실 정운교 이원상 김문석 이주환 이세영 Direction Changing Positional Nystagmus from

KISEP Otology Korean J Otolaryngol 1999;42: 외측반규관기원의양성발작성두위안진 연세대학교의과대학이비인후과학교실 정운교 이원상 김문석 이주환 이세영 Direction Changing Positional Nystagmus from KISEP Otology Korean J Otolaryngol 1999;42:576-81 외측반규관기원의양성발작성두위안진 연세대학교의과대학이비인후과학교실 정운교 이원상 김문석 이주환 이세영 Direction Changing Positional Nystagmus from Canalolithiasis and Cupulolithiasis of Lateral Semicircular

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

ECG & EP CASES Young-Keun On, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Cardiac & Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A case of

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp

Jkcs022(89-113).hwp 대한배뇨장애 및 요실금 학회지 J. Korean Continence Society 2004;8:89-113 Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom 설문지의 한국어 번역 및 번역본의 언어 타당도 Seung-June Oh*, Hyung Geun Park*, Sung Hyun Paick, Won Hee Park and Myung-Soo

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

Otology Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2016;59(12): / pissn / eissn

Otology Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2016;59(12): / pissn / eissn Otology Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2016;59(12):819-24 / pissn 2092-5859 / eissn 2092-6529 https://doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2016.59.12.819 Clinical Characteristics of Traumatic Benign Paroxysmal

More information

( )Kjhps043.hwp

( )Kjhps043.hwp Difference of Fistula Maturation Degree and Physical Property by the Types of Tube Material: An Experimental Study Sang Koo Kang, M.D. 1, Hee Chul Yu, M.D. 1,4, Woo Sung Moon, M.D. 2,4, Ju Hyoung Lee,

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

<303620BFF8C0FA20C0CCC0AFC0E72DC0CCBAB4B5B72E687770>

<303620BFF8C0FA20C0CCC0AFC0E72DC0CCBAB4B5B72E687770> Research in Vestibular Science Vol. 11, No. 1, March 2012 Original Article pissn 2092-8882, eissn 2093-5501 전정유발근전위를이용한어지럼환자의전정기능평가 순천향대학교의과대학서울병원이비인후과학교실 이유재, 이찬구, 조상혁, 박영주, 김효진, 이권형, 이병돈 Vestibular Function

More information

<3034BFF8C0FA2DC1A4BCBAC7D82E687770>

<3034BFF8C0FA2DC1A4BCBAC7D82E687770> Research in Vestibular Science Vol. 9, No. 3, September 2010 Original Article pissn 2092-8882, eissn 2093-5501 수평반고리관양성돌발성두위현훈의치료효과예측 : Gufoni 수기를이용한예비연구 충남대학교의학전문대학원신경과학교실 문정수, 신종욱, 김현정, 백인철, 오응석, 오지은,

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp

대한한의학원전학회지24권6호-전체최종.hwp 小兒藥證直訣 의 五臟辨證에 대한 小考 - 病證과 處方을 중심으로 1 2 慶熙大學校大學校 韓醫學科大學 原典學敎室 ㆍ 韓醫學古典硏究所 白裕相1,2*1)2) A study on The Diagnosis and Treatment Using The Theory of Five Organs in Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣) 1 Dept. of Oriental

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Review of Research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

노인정신의학회보14-1호

노인정신의학회보14-1호 제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

KISEP Otology Korean J Otolaryngol 1999;42: 수평반고리관양성발작성두위현기증 김영기 윤용주 김인 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo of the Horizontal Semicircular Cana

KISEP Otology Korean J Otolaryngol 1999;42: 수평반고리관양성발작성두위현기증 김영기 윤용주 김인 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo of the Horizontal Semicircular Cana KISEP Otology Korean J Otolaryngol 1999;42:836-42 수평반고리관양성발작성두위현기증 김영기 윤용주 김인 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo of the Horizontal Semicircular Canal Young Ki Kim, MD, Yong Joo Yoon, MD and In Kim MD

More information

Jkafm093.hwp

Jkafm093.hwp 가정의학회지 2004;25:721-739 비만은 심혈관 질환, 고혈압 및 당뇨병에 각각 위험요인이고 다양한 내과적, 심리적 장애와 연관이 있는 질병이다. 체중감소는 비만한 사람들에 있어 이런 위험을 감소시키고 이들 병발 질환을 호전시킨다고 알려져 있고 일반적으로 많은 사람들에게 건강을 호전시킬 것이라는 믿음이 있어 왔다. 그러나 이런 믿음을 지지하는 연구들은

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

005송영일

005송영일 Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

16_이주용_155~163.hwp

16_이주용_155~163.hwp 사상체질의학회지 2008;20(2):155-163 J of Sasang Constitutional Medicine Vol. 20, No. 2, 2008:155-163 http://www.esasang.com 腦 梗 塞 으로 발생한 少 陽 人 半 身 舞 蹈 病 患 者 치험 1례 이주용 이한얼 한경수 안택원 Abstract 대전대학교 한의과대학 사상체질과 A Soyangin

More information

<3032BFF8C0FA2DB1E8B5BFBFED2E687770>

<3032BFF8C0FA2DB1E8B5BFBFED2E687770> Research in Vestibular Science Vol. 9, No. 3, September 2010 Original Article pissn 2092-8882, eissn 2093-5501 양성돌발성두위현훈환자의임상적분석 순천향대학교의과대학이비인후과학교실 배창희, 이인효, 박동욱, 김정은, 장혁순, 김동욱 Clinical Study of Benign

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disabi

WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disabi WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 2004. 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disability)..,,. (WHO) 2001 ICF. ICF,.,.,,. (disability)

More information

이용석 박환용 - 베이비부머의 특성에 따른 주택유형 선택 변화 연구.hwp

이용석 박환용 - 베이비부머의 특성에 따른 주택유형 선택 변화 연구.hwp 住居環境 韓國住居環境學會誌 第 11 卷 1 號 ( 通卷第 20 號 ) pp. 159~172 투고 ( 접수 ) 일 : 2013.02.28. 게재확정일자 : 2013.04.04. The change of housing choice by characteristics of the Baby Boomers Lee, Yong-Seok Park, Hwan-Yong Abstract

More information

untitled

untitled Research in Vestibular Science Vol. 14, No. 4, December 2015 Original Article pissn 2092-8882, eissn 2093-5501 지속되는향지성수평반고리관양성돌발성두위현훈의임상적특성 서남대학교의과대학명지병원이비인후과 고경민, 송미현, 박진우, 이준희, 신용국, 심대보 Clinical Characteristics

More information

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF ********* (*, **, *** ).., 2002, 7, 1, 1-12. 2-5 80.,.,..,,... :,,. (naming).., (word finding), (lexical look- up), (lexical retrieval), (word recall) (Fried- Oken, 1987). (pause),,, (naming error) (Snyder

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

서론

서론 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -

More information

04김호걸(39~50)ok

04김호걸(39~50)ok Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, Vol. 22, No. 1(2013) pp.39~50 Prediction of Landslides Occurrence Probability under Climate Change using MaxEnt Model Kim, Hogul* Lee, Dong-Kun** Mo, Yongwon*

More information

<313220BCD5BFB5B9CCC1B6BFF8C0CF2E687770>

<313220BCD5BFB5B9CCC1B6BFF8C0CF2E687770> 한국민족문화 34, 2009. 7, 369~406쪽 쉼터 생활을 중심으로 본 일본군 위안부 의 삶에 관한 사례연구 1)손 영 미* 조 원 일** 1. 서론 1) 문제의 소재 2) 연구의 필요성 및 목적 2. 문헌고찰 3. 연구방법 1) 연구참여자 2) 연구방법 및 절차 4. 일본군 위안부 피해자의 쉼터 생활을 전후로 한 삶 1) 위안부 신고 후부터 쉼터 생활

More information

A Study on Married Female Immigrants Life Style and Marriage Satisfaction in Terms of Preparing Their Old Age in Chungcheongnam-do Department of Gerontology, Hoseo University Doctoral Student : Hi Ran

More information

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FAC0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770>

<B0E6C8F1B4EBB3BBB0FAC0D3BBF3B0ADC1C E687770> 개원의와함께하는임상강좌 2011 역류성식도질환제대로이해하기 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Jae-Young Jang, M.D., PhD. 개원의와함께하는임상강좌 2011 109 최신치료

More information

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( :

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( : 27 2, 17-31, 2009. -, * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** (: dminkim@cau.ac.kr) 18 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. Ⅰ. (,,, 2004). (,, 2006).,,, (Myrick,

More information

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

<30322EBABBB9AE2E687770>

<30322EBABBB9AE2E687770> Research in Vestibular Science Vol. 10, Suppl. 1, June 2011 Symposium pissn 2092-8882, eissn 2093-5501 가장흔한질환인양성돌발성두위현훈의여러아형에따른적절한이석정복술의선택과방법 아주대학교의과대학이비인후과학교실 정연훈, 임혜진 Management of Benign Paroxysmal

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Study on the Pe

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   * A Study on the Pe Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.405-425 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.405 * A Study on the Perceptions and Factors of Immigrant Background Youth

More information

433대지05박창용

433대지05박창용 Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

노영남

노영남 Purpose: Delayed massive hemorrhages from pseudoaneurysm rupture of the peripancreatic large arteries, after pancreaticoduodenectomy, are fatal. We reviewed the clinical course and outcome of bleeding

More information

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp

Jkbcs016(92-97).hwp Expression of bcl-2 and Apoptosis and Its Relationship to Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer - A Study with Long Term Follow-up correlated with the survival rate.(journal of Korean

More information

Vol.259 C O N T E N T S M O N T H L Y P U B L I C F I N A N C E F O R U M

Vol.259 C O N T E N T S M O N T H L Y P U B L I C F I N A N C E F O R U M 2018.01 Vol.259 C O N T E N T S 02 06 28 61 69 99 104 120 M O N T H L Y P U B L I C F I N A N C E F O R U M 2 2018.1 3 4 2018.1 1) 2) 6 2018.1 3) 4) 7 5) 6) 7) 8) 8 2018.1 9 10 2018.1 11 2003.08 2005.08

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Mediating Eff Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

<303320BFF8C0FA2D B1E8B1E2BFEB2E687770>

<303320BFF8C0FA2D B1E8B1E2BFEB2E687770> Research in Vestibular Science Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2011 Original Article pissn 2092-8882, eissn 2093-5501 어지럼을주소로응급실에내원한환자의임상적고찰 한양대학교의과대학이비인후 - 두경부외과학교실 김기용, 민현정, 이승환, 박철원 Clinical Review of Dizziness

More information

untitled

untitled Research in Vestibular Science Vol. 15, No. 1, March 2016 Original Article pissn 2092-8882, eissn 2093-5501 양성돌발성두위현훈의치료후장기추적연구 : Kaplan-Meier 생존분석 연세미래이비인후과의원 임구일 Long-Term Outcomes of Canalith Repositioning

More information

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Study on Teache Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

Otology Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2018;61(12): / pissn / eissn I

Otology Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2018;61(12): / pissn / eissn I Otology Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2018;61(12):658-62 / pissn 2092-5859 / eissn 2092-6529 https://doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2018.00353 Influence of Fatigability on the Timing of Reassessment

More information

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소

KIM Sook Young : Lee Jungsook, a Korean Independence Activist and a Nurse during the 이며 나름 의식이 깨어있던 지식인들이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 교육을 받은 간 호부들은 환자를 돌보는 그들의 직업적 소 1 의사학 제24권 제1호(통권 제49호) 2015년 4월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː1-34 Apr 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.1 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 간호부 이정숙의 독립운동 김숙영* 1. 서론 2. 본론 1) 출생에서 정신여학교 수학시절까지

More information

http://www.kbc.go.kr/ Abstract Competition and Concentration in the Market for the Multichannel Video Programming G h e e - Young Noh ( P r o f e s s o, rschool of Communication,

More information

online ML Comm Clinical Review Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2012;55:751-6 / pissn / eissn

online ML Comm Clinical Review Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2012;55:751-6 / pissn / eissn online ML Comm Clinical Review Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2012;55:751-6 / pissn 2092-5859 / eissn 2092-6529 http://dx.doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2012.55.12.751 Guideline of Benign Paroxysmal

More information

<30372EC0CCC0AFC1F82E687770>

<30372EC0CCC0AFC1F82E687770> 산전 초음파상 진단된 단독 대조확장증의 출생 후 예후 울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 산부인과학교실 이유진 원혜성 박상민 조현진 정 의 김선권 심재윤 이필량 김 암 Yu-Jin Lee, M.D., Hye-Sung Won, M.D., Sang-Min Park, M.D., Hyun-Jin Cho, M.D., Eui Jung, M.D., Sun-Kwon Kim,

More information

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( ) :,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency

More information

001-학회지소개(영)

001-학회지소개(영) Review Article Randomization, What is the Proper Method? Jin Ho Hong, M.D., Jae Chul Yoo, M.D. Shoulder & Sports medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center Purpose: Among the numerous

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   Awareness, Supports Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   : A basic research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A S

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A S Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.461-487 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.461 * - 2008 2018 - A Study on the Change of Issues with Adolescent Problem

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI:   IPA * Analysis of Perc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

hwp

hwp 심사위원 심사위원 심사위원 인 인 인 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - Ⅰ. 서 - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - 항목 건강하지못하다 주관적구강상태 보통이다

More information

세란봄호(2010).qxd

세란봄호(2010).qxd (선) 선택진료, 진료, 수술 진 료 시 간 표 진료과 내 과 정형외과 신경외과 신경과 전문의 구내 전화 장 준 희 201 전 상 현 202 박 상 미 205 변 대 근 203 오덕순(선) 225 박 찬 수 228 궁 윤 배 223 이 원 용 222 원 정 훈 222 오명수(선) 226 박 홍 준 227 박 상 우 227 김 창 현 226 박지현[선] 250

More information

(5차 편집).hwp

(5차 편집).hwp (215), 54(1), 17-3 211 STEAM,.. STEAM, STEAM, 5~6 11.,., 5~6...,. (, 21)., 29. (,, 212). 211 STEAM * :, E-mail: njkwon@hanmail.net http://dx.doi.org/1.15812/ter.54.1.2153.17 (215), 54(1), 17-3,. (Arts)

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: (LiD) - - * Way to

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   (LiD) - - * Way to Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth

More information