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1 % 100% ) 2) 1) housing allowance, housing benefit, housing voucher 2) aide a la personne(), AL(allocation de logement) APL(aide personnalisee au logement). 77

2 need 3) demand ) Boelhouwer & Van der Heijden Galster Grigsby 5) submarket filtering process 3) Robinson ) 5) Grigsby sub-market residential mobility Megbolugbe et al

3 Galster Yates Whitehead Yates & Whitehead Howenstine 1 Howenstine King ALAllocation de Logement APLAide Personnalisee au Logement AL ALFAllocation de Logement a caractere Familial 79

4 ALSAllocation de Logement a caractere Social 1) AL AL Stebe ~1954 ALF ALF ALF Lefebvre et al AL 6) ALF AL APL ALS 6) ALAPL 80

5 % ALS ALF 1971 MELTT ) APL APL Nora 1975 Barre Mouillart urbanistique Gremion AL APL 7) AL Code de la securite sociale 8) APL Code de la construction et de lhabitation AL APL APL 9) APL 7) 8) AL 9) 3 principe du tiers payant 81

6 convention 10) AL APL 11) AL APL AL APL APL APL APL AL ALALF, ALS APL Durance, 1992: ; Granelle, 1998: ) AL APL K R N R K 09 N L C Lo AL APLKLCLo MELTT ) 11) APLAL AL 12) 82

7 100% principe de la depense minimale APL AL ) principe de la depense marginale principe du taux deffort AL APL 1980 Badet HLM net % , ,380 BADET J. juin Rapport du groupe de travail sur la reforme des aides personnelles au logement 13) 66 = 1 = 1,300 83

8 net 1) % ) AL 101% APL 1365% APL AL APL APL APL APL APL 47% APL 513% 15) APL 1,182 1,427 1,654 1,802 1,958 2,233 AL 2,846 2,699 2,551 2,507 2,331 2,157 (ALF) 1,737 1,619 1,495 1,449 1,311 1,156 (ALS) 1,109 1,080 1,056 1,058 1,020 1,001 APL 4,028 4,126 4,205 4,309 4,289 4, APL 2,381 2,509 2,556 2,629 2,729 2,795 AL 2,153 2,136 2,496 2,836 3,007 3,133 (ALF) 1,117 1,075 1,054 1,069 1,075 1,092 (ALS) 1,036 1,061 1,442 1,767 1,932 2,041 APL 4,534 4,645 5,052 5,465 5,736 5,928 METLL, 1997 : ) 238% METLL ) ALAPL 700 1/3 METLL

9 2) positive discrimination moral hazard poverty trap % 3) APL AL 16) APL 10,667 13,816 17,356 19,885 22,162 25,259 AL 19,756 19,688 19,830 19,819 20,271 20,393 ALF) 12,321 12,009 12,016 11,913 11,996 11,736 ALS) 7,435 7,679 7,814 7,906 8,275 8,657 APL 30,423 33,504 37,195 39,704 42,433 45, , APL 27,726 29,731 31,302 32,657 34,267 35,895 AL 21,215 22,450 25,897 30,632 32,970 34,137 ALF) 11,852 12,276 12,909 13,785 14,100 14,346 ALS) 9,363 10,174 12,998 16,847 18,870 19,791 APL 48,941 52,181 57,199 63,289 67,237 70,032 METLL, 1997: % MEFI, 2000:

10 4) 17) 16) Granelle ) Offe Jones

11 social mix social segregation exclusion : : BADET J Rapport du groupe de travail sur la reforme des aides personnelles au logement BOELHOUWER P., VAN DER HEIJDEN H Housing Systems in Europe: Part I - A Comparative Study of Housing Policy. Delft: Delft University Press DURANCE A Le Financement du Logement. Paris: Masson GALSTER G Comparing Demand-side and Supply-side Housing Policies: Sub-market and Spatial Perspectives. Housing Studies. Vol. 12. No. 4 GRANELLE J. J Economie Immobiliere. Paris: Economica GREMION C Regards sur une loi, ou Vingt ans apres. Fondations. No. 6 HOWENSTINE E. J The Consumer Housing Subsidy Approach versus Producer Housing Subsidies. Cities. Vol. 3. No. 2 JONES C. (ed.) New Perspectives on the Welfare States in Europe. London: Routledge KING P Understanding Housing Finance. London: Routledge LEFEBVRE B., MOUILLART M., OCCHIPINTI S Politique du logement - 50 an pour un echec. Paris: LHarmattan MEGBOLUGBE I., HOEK-SMIT M. C., LINNEMAN P. D Understanding Neighbourhood Dynamics: A Review of the Contributions of William G. Grigsby. Urban Studies. Vol. 33. No. 10 Ministere de leconomie, des Finances & de lindustrie (MEFI) Politique Economique Paris: Economica Ministere de lequipement, du Logement, des Transports & du Tourisme (MELTT) Le Compte du Logement. Paris: Economica MOUILLART M La Reforme de 1977 et les Aides au Logement. Fondations. No. 6 OFFE C Contradictions of the Welfare State, New York: St. Martins Press ROBINSON R Housing Economics and Public Policy. London: Macmillan STEBE J. M Le Logement Social en France. Paris: PUF YATES J., WHITEHEAD C In Defence of Greater Agnosticism: A Response to Galsters Comparing Demand-side and Supply-side Housing Policies. Housing Studies, Vol. 13. No. 3 87

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