DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "DBPIA-NURIMEDIA"

Transcription

1 Original Article Journal of Apiculture 32(2) : 119~131 (217) DOI: /apiculture Development of Rapid Detection System for Small Hive Beetle (Aethina tumida) by using Ultra-Rapid PCR Jung-Min Kim, Su-Jin Lim, Truong A Tai, Ki-Jeong Hong 1 and Byoung-Su Yoon* Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Korea 1 Department of Plant Medicine, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea (Received 2 June 217; Revised 28 June 217; Accepted 28 June 217) Abstract For the Rapid detection of small hive beetle (SHB; Aethina tumida) and for the mass-survey against SHB invasion, SHB-specific ultra-rapid PCR system was developed. Three different pairs of Aethina tumida-specific primers were deduced from cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in mitochondrial DNA of SHB. Using optimized SHB-specific ultra-rapid PCR, molecules of COI gene belonged to SHB could be detected specifically and quantitatively within 18 minutes 4 seconds. For the purpose of the application in apiary field, a DNA extraction method from bee debris was separatedly developed. When 1 5 SHB-specific COI molecules (1/1 body of SHB larvae) are existed in 1g of bee debris, it could be verified inner 1 minutes as qualitative and quantitative manner. SHB-specific ultra-rapid PCR we proposed would be expected to apply widely, either in apiary field or laboratory, for the rapid detections and the control against SHBinvasion. Key words: Ultra-Rapid PCR, Small Hive Beetle, SHB, Parasites, Honeybee (Small Hive beetle; SHB; Aethina tumida Murray), 1998 (Thomas, 1998),.,,, 214,. Kodamaea ohmeri *Corresponding author. bsyoon@kyonggi.ac.kr 119

2 12,, (Benda et al., 28). Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) (Eyer et al., 28) ,, (, 217).,. 1998, 1, Trap., 216 9,,.,,,.,,,, (Murihas, 24; Spiewok and Neumann, 26)., PCR. PCR PCR (cycle) (step;,, ), 4 PCR 1, (Lee et al., 27; Han et al., 28; Yoo et al., 212)., COI(cytochrome oxidase subunit I) (Evans et al., 2; Evans et al., 22), 1, (mitochondrial DNA; mtdna), DNA(eDNA; environmental DNA), COI, 1 (Microenvironment)., Ward (27) PCR (Real-Time PCR),,.,., PCR, DNA SHB PCR. (SHB) SHB

3 121 Table 1. Recombinat DNA clone for Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I in Small Hive Beetle Target insect Recombinant DNA Identical sequence in GenBank Target gene Small hive beetle Cytochrome oxidase ptop-shb COI* KP Aethina tumida subunit I (COI) Honey bee ptop-rps 828** AADG636 Ribosomal Protein S18 Apis mellifera *DNA sequences of this clone is identical to reported sequences of KP (236-98), except only 563 position. **DNA sequences of this clone is 1% identical to reported sequences of AADG636 ( )., SHB 9% EtOH 2 C. COI SHB genomic DNA (gdna),, DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit (Qiagen Co, Germany). gdna COI mtdna, Biophotometer (Eppendorf Co, Germany) DNA 7 C. (Apis mellifera) gdna, SHB. SHB. SHB (Bee debris), 2g SHB 1 DNA. SHB DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit (Qiagen Co, Germany) gdna, 7 C. 2g SHB 1 gdna (mtdna ) 3.59µg, 37ng/µl. 3ng gdna COI. SHB SHB COI (molecular cloning) (Table 1). GenBank Database SHB COI, 683bp. primer SHB-COI F/R, (Table 2). SHB-COI F/R SHB gdna PCR 683 PCR ( ), T-vector cloning, ptop- SHB COI. ptop-shb COI ( ), GenBank KP134137( SHB, 214) ( ; ). PCR primer 2, NCBI primer Blast, SHB, (Apis mellifera) (Apis cerena), (213) (Galleria mellonella L.), (Achroia grisella F.), (Vespa mandarinia Smith), (Anax parthenope Julius), (Tenodera aridifolia Stoll), (Lasius niger).

4 122 Table 2. Specific primer pairs for SHB-specific COI gene and Honeybee-specific genes Target genes Name of primers Sequence (5 3 ) Reference Aethina tumida, Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) Honey bee (β-actin) Honey bee (RPS) SHB-COI F TGCGACCCTCAGGCATAACC SHB-COI R TGGGAATCATTGAACAAATCCGGC This study SHB27F TCTAAATACTACTTTCTTCGACCCATC SHB315R TCCTGGTAGAATTAAAATATAAACTTCTGG Ward et al., 26 SHB-DP-F1 TGATTCTTCGGACACCCAGA SHB-DP-R1 AGGCTCGAGTATCAACGTCT This study SHB-DP-F2 CTACTTTCTTCGACCCATC SHB-DP-R2 AATGCTCATAGAGTTACTGG This study β-actin151-f ATGCCAACACTGTCCTTTCTGG Yang and Cox-. β-actin151-r GACCCACCAATCCATACGGA Foster 25 RPS F1 GTCATGGGCACGAATATTGA RPS R1 TTACTTCTTTTTCGATACACCCAC This study RPS F1 CATGGCTAATCCTAGACAATACAAG RPS R CCCAATAATGACGCAAACCT This study, Ward (27) SHB primer ptop-shb COI PCR,, PCR,, β-actin 4s Ribosomal Protein S18 (RPS) primer. primer (Table 2). SHB COI, primer annealing. 55 C 1 C PCR, DNA ptop-shb COI (.3 femtomole= 3 attomole), primer.5µm, 1µl 2xGreenstar qpcr Master Mix (Bioneer, Korea), 2µl PCR. PCR Exicycler TM Quantit ative Thermal Block (Bioneer, Korea), 95 C 5min, 95 C 3, annealing 55 C 1 C 3, 72 C Ct (Threshold Cycles) primer annealing, Genechecker (Genesystem, Korea) PCR. PCR ptop-shb COI , primer 1µM, 5µl 2 RapiMix (Genesystem, Korea), 1µl PCR. PCR 95 C, 3, 95 C 5, annealing 52~6 C 5, 72 C Ct annealing. SHB COI primer, primer 1µM, 5µM, 2µM, 1µM, 5nM PCR. 1µl, ptop- SHB COI , 2 RapiMix primer PCR.

5 C, 3, 95 C 5, annealing 52~6 C 5, 72 C SHB ptop-shb COI PCR, 2 RapiMix, primer Forward Reverse primer 1µl PCR. PCR 95 C, 3 5,,, annealing, 95 C( ), primer annealing (52~6 C), 72 C( ), 3, 2, 1 PCR. gdna SHB primer 1ng gdna, PCR SHB primer 3 PCR, rdna β-actin1 primer. 1, ptop- SHB COI ng gdna, primer, 2 RapiMix PCR. 95 C, 3, 95 C 2, annealing 52~6 C 2, 72 C gdna SHB ptop- SHB COI, PCR,. gdna 1ng, ptop-shb COI PCR 1ng gdna DNA, 2 Rapi master Mix, Primer, 95 C, 3, 95 C 2, annealing 52~6 C 2, 72 C PCR. SHB- PCR SHB. 2g 1 SHB gdna 3.59µg, 3ng SHB PCR. total DNA SHB PCR, SHB,. Ward (27) SHB PCR SHB-, Ct (29.69 cycles)., gdna RPS β-actin gene PCR. SHB primer 3 annealing PCR (Real-Time PCR) Exicycler TM Quantitative Thermal Block (Bioneer CO.,

6 124 Table 3. Ct and Tm values on each annealing temperature of three primer pairs Annealing temperature ( C) SHB-DP F1/R1 SHB-DP F2/R2 SHB 27F/315R Ct Final fluorescence Ct Final fluorescence Ct Final fluorescence Tm values ( C) Table 4. Ct and Tm values for each concentration of three primer pairs Final concentration SHB-DP F1/R1 SHB-DP F2/R2 SHB 27F/315R Ct Final fluorescence Ct Final fluorescence Ct Final fluorescence 1µM µM µM µM nM Tm values ( C) Korea) PCR. SHB primer SHB-DP F1/R1, SHB-DP F2/R2, 45~65 C, SHB-DP F1/R1 primer 56 C 4 C, SHB-DP F2/R2 primer 54 C 4 C. SHB 27F/315R primer 57 C 3 C annealing, 3 primer 52~6 C annealing PCR annealing ( ). PCR Genechecker (Genesystem, Korea), 52~6 C annealing Ct (Table 3). SHB-DP F1/R1 primer 56 C Ct, 54 C SHB-DP F2/R2 primer 54 C Ct, C. SHB 27F/315R primer Ct 54, 56 C Ct 56 C. PCR 3 SHB primer annealing, primer, 54 C. PCR primer 5nM(5pmole/µl), 1µM(1pmole/µl), 2µM(2pmole/µl), 5µM(5pmole/µl) 1µM(1pmole/µl) PCR (Table 4). primer 3, Ct Melting graph. SHB-DP F1, R1 primer 1µM Ct

7 125 Molecules of DNA (Log 1 ) y=-.2615x R 2 =.9989 y=-.2621x R 2 =.9981 y=-.353x R 2 = Ct (Threshold cycle) DP1 DP2 SHB Fig. 1. Detection limit and Tm using three primer pairs for SHB COI specific Ultra-rapid quantitative PCR. Ultra-rapid PCR with each primer pairs was performed using optimal condition. ptop-shb COI was used as template in PCR that was diluted from to molecules /PCR, respectively molecules template were amplified successfully by UR-PCR using SHB DP F2/R2 pairs and SHB 27F/315R pairs, except SHB DP F1/R1 pairs. primer, SHB-DP F2, R2 primer 2µM Ct. SHB 27F, 315R primer 2µM Ct 1µM, 5µM Primer Ct, 1µM,.5µM Primer Ct 2cycle 2µM. 3 primer annealing primer DNA PCR,, 2, 2, 2, 3 Ct Tm. PCR (Fig. 1). SHB-DP F1/R1 primer PCR, , Ct, Ct (Regression equation) Y=-.2615X (Regression coefficient; R 2 ).9989., Tm (Temperature of mid-point) 76. C, Tm 73.3 C, 73. C, Tm. SHB-DP F2/R2 primer PCR, , Y= X , R 2 = Tm 77.7 C, Tm 74.3 C, 72.3 C, Tm. SHB 27F/315R primer PCR, , Y=-.353X , R 2 = Tm 77.6 C, Tm 69. C, Tm (Table 5). SHB 3 primer DNA primer 1ng gdna. RPS gdna, RPA- DNA PCR Tm, gdna. SHB 3 primer gdna PCR,

8 126 Table 5. Ct and Tm using three primer pairs for SHB-specific Ultra-rapid qpcr Molecules of recombinant DNA SHB-DP F1/R1 SHB-DP F2/R2 SHB 27F/315R Ct Tm Ct Tm Ct Tm Negative Average Tm value (Positive) Average Tm value (Negative) Total reaction time 18min 4sec / 5 cycles RPS F1, 149R SHB DP F2, R Fig. 2. Melting temperature analysis of ultra-rapid PCR with genomic DNA from honeybee and/or SHB-specific DNA using various primer pairs. RPS genes were successfully amplified by both ultra-rapid PCRs with gdna from honeybee and/or RPA-specific DNA. All ultra-rapid PCRs using SHB-DP F1/R1, -DP F2/R2, -27F/315R pairs with gdna from honeybee and/or SHB-specific DNA produced correct or incorrect product, respectively SHB DP F1, R SHB 27F,315R , Tm PCR 3 C. gdna SHB DNA, SHB PCR (Fig. 2). gdna SHB DNA primer SHB. SHB ptop-shb COI , 1ng gdna PCR (Fig. 3; 1ng 3kb DNA.5 femtomole, molecules ). Primer 3 SHB PCR 1ng gdna , Tm SHB DP F1/R1 primer C.21 C, SHB DP F2/R2 primer C.25 C, SHB 27F/315R primer C.17 C

9 127 Molecules of DNA (Log 1 ) y=-.265x R 2 =.9945 y=-.2447x R 2 =.9847 y=-.2757x R 2 = Ct (Threshold cycle) DP1 DP2 SHB Fig. 3. Detection limit of ultra-rapid PCR using three SHB-specific primer pairs with SHB-specific DNA and honeybee gdna. Ultra-rapid PCR reactions were performed at optimal conditions for each primer pairs with 1ng honeybee gdna. All ultra-rapid PCRs using SHB DP1, SHB DP2, SHB 27F/315R primer pairs could be detected with molecules of SHB-specific DNA under 1 ng honeybee gdna.. SHB DNA, PCR,, primer Tm, C.59 C (SHB DP F1/R1 primer ), C 1.38 C(SHB DP F2/R2 primer ), C.57 C(SHB 27F/315R primer ), Tm SHB- Tm., 3 SHB primer SHB- PCR SHB SHB, (Table 6). SHB, gdna primer 2 (RPA, β-actin) SHB primer 3 (SHB-DP F1/R1, -DP F2/R2, -27F/315R) PCR (Fig. 4). β-actin RPS gdna, Tm, DNA ( ), gdna. SHB primer 3 PCR SHB COI, SHB Tm. Table 6. Ct and Tm values for each number of molecular copies with 3 primer pairs in 1ng Honeybee gdna Molecules of recombinant DNA SHB-DP F1/R1 SHB-DP F2/R2 SHB 27F/315R Ct Tm Ct Tm Ct Tm Negative Average Tm value (Positive) Average Tm value (Negative) Total reaction time 18min 4sec

10 128 β-actin 151 F, R RPS F1, 149R SHB DP F1, R1 SHB DP F2, R2 SHB 27F, 315R Fig. 4. Melting temperature analysis of Ultra-rapid PCRs using 5 different primer pairs with total DNA from bee debris and SHB larvae. 3.59µg total DNA was isolated from 2 gram bee debris and 1 SHB larvae. Ultra-rapid PCRs using each primer pairs with 3ng total DNA were performed. All results demonstrated successful amplification according to primers-specificity., 2g SHB, total DNA 3.59µg, 3ng total DNA 8/1, SHB SHB mtdna, PCR. SHB SHB PCR. SHB total DNA 1/1 total DNA SHB PCR (Fig. 5). total DNA 3ng, 3ng,.3ng,.3ng, SHB-DP F1/R1, -DP F2/R2 primer PCR SHB. total DNA 3ng, 3ng,.3ng,.3ng 8/1,, 8/1,, 8/1,, 8/1,, SHB DNA, 1 1 SHB,,. SHB DNA,.8 SHB SHB ,.8 SHB SHB ,.8 SHB SHB ,.8 SHB SHB

11 129 Amount of DNA (Log 1 ) y=-.268x R 2 = Ct (Threshold cycle) Standard 8/1 8/1 8/1 8/1 Fig. 5. CTs of Ultra-rapid PCRs using serially diluted total DNA from bee debris and SHB larvae on regression equation using C T s and SHB-specific DNAs. Total DNA was isolated from 2 gram of bee debris and 1 SHB larvae. Serially diluted total DNA were measured as.8 ( molecules),.8 ( molecules),.8 ( molecules),.8 ( molecules) SHB larvae, respectively. Standard is indicated PCRs using serially diluted SHB-specific DNA. 8/1, 8/1, 8/1, 8/1 are indicated.8,.8,.8,.8 SHB larvae, respectively SHB, SHB. (SHB). SHB, SHB SHB, SHB. SHB, SHB, SHB (,,, SHB ), SHB (Murihas, 24; Spiewok and Neumann, 26).,., (micro-environment).. SHB, DNA (edna; environmental DNA) SHB DNA, PCR total DNA SHB DNA. Ward (27) PCR PCR, PCR, 5 C 2 95 C 1, 95 C 15, 6 C 1 4. PCR 2 / PCR, (5 C, 95 C, 6 C) (Ramping time), 62, PCR 79 Sequence Detection System (Applied Biosystems, USA) PCR 2., PCR, 95 C 3, 95 C 2, 56 C 2, 72 C Genechecker (Genesystem, Korea). PCR 18 4, 4 (15 ) Ct (Table 6).

12 13, SHB PCR 4 cycles Ct (Table 6). PCR (polymerase) (95 C), 4 cycles PCR. PCR 1 (2 5 ), Ward (27) 4 1 (6 ), PCR, 2 (Table 6). 9 SHB, SHB.,, SHB. PCR,. 1, SHB (Small hive beetle; SHB; Aethina tumida) SHB. 3 Aethina tumida- cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). PCR COI 18 4., DNA, 1g 1 5 COI (1/1 SHB ), 1.,,,., ( , ), ( ) ( ), ; SHB. ( ) Journal of the Korean Veterinary Medical Association, 49(2): Benda, N. D., D. Boucias, B. Torto and P. Teal. 28. Detection and characterization of Kodamaea ohmeri associated with small hive beetle Aethina tumida infesting honey bee hive. J. Apic. Res. 47(3): Evans, J. D., J. S. Pettis and H. Shimanuki. 2. Mitochondrial DNA Relationships in an Emergent Pest of Honey Bees: Aethina tumid (Coleopters: Nitidulidae) From the United States and Africa. Entomological Society of America Vol. 93(3). Evans, J. D., J. S. Pettis, W. M. Hood and H. Shimanuki. 22. Tracking an invasive honey bee pest: mitochondrial DNA variation in North American small hive beetles.

13 131 Apidologie 34: Eyer, M., Y. P. Chen, M. O. Schafer, J. Petter and P. Neumann. 28. Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, as a potential biological vector of honeybee viruses. Apidologie 4: Han, S. H., D. B. Lee, D. W. Lee, E. H. Kim and B. S. Yoon. 28. Ultra-rapid real-time PCR for the detection of Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American Foulbrood (AFB). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 99: Lee, D. W., E. H. Kim, M. S. Yoo, S. H. Han and B. S. Yoon. 27. Ultra-rapid real-time PCR for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Kor. J. Microbiol. 43: Lee, S., K. J. Hong, Y. S. Cho, Y. S. Choi, M. S. Yoo and S. H. Lee Review of the subgenus Aethina Erichson s. str. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae) in Korea, reporting recent invasion of small hive beetle, Aethina tumida. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2(2): Murihas, A. M. 24. Aethina tumida arrives in Portugal. Will it be eradicated? Eurbee Newsletter 2: 7-9. Spiewok, S., P. Neumann. 26. Cryptic low-level reproduction of small hive beetles in honeybee colonies. J. Apic. Res. 45: Thomas, M. C Florida pest alert - the small hive beetle. American bee Journal 138(8): 565. Ward, L., M. Brown, P. Neumann, S. Wilkins, J. Pettis and N. Boonham. 27. A DNA method for screening hive debris for the presence of small hive beetle (Aethina tumida). Apidologie 38: 1-9. Yoo, M. S., K. C. N. Tai, P. V. Nguyen, S. H. Han, S. W. Kwon and B. S. Yoon Rapid detection of Sacbrood virus in honeybee using ultra-rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction. J. Virol. Methods. Yang, X. and Cox-Foster, D. L. 25. Impact of an ectoparasite on the immunity and pathology of an invertebrate: evidence for host immunosuppression and viral amplification. PNAS 21:

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Short ommunication Journal of piculture 33(3) : 221~226 (218) DOI: 1.17519/apiculture.218.9.33.3.221 Detection of Sugar ane (Saccharum officinarum)-specific Gene from Sugar and Sugar-honey younghee Kim,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Original Article Journal of Apiculture 31(2) : 121~131 (2016) The Most Rapid Detection Method against Korean Sacbrood Virus using Ultra-Rapid Reverse-Transcription Real-Time PCR (URRTRT-PCR) Sang-Hyun

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Original Article Journal of Apiculture 31(1) : 41~50 (2016) Rapid Detection of Black Queen Cell Virus from Honeybee using Reverse Transcription Real-Time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RT/RT RPA)

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Original Article Journal of Apiculture 31() : 133~1 (1) Development of a Detection Method against 11 Major Pathogens of Honey Bee using Amplification of Multiplex PCR and Specific DNA-chip Ji-Hee Wang,

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Mass-production of Four Specific Proteins Originated from Deformed Wing Virus, Honeybee-viral Pathogen Joo-seong Lee, Giang Thi Huong Luong and Byoung-Su Yoon* Department of Life Science, College of Natural

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   A study on Characte Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.381-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.381 A study on Characteristics of Action Learning by Analyzing Learners Experiences

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

서강대학교 기초과학연구소대학중점연구소 심포지엄기초과학연구소

서강대학교 기초과학연구소대학중점연구소 심포지엄기초과학연구소 2012 년도기초과학연구소 대학중점연구소심포지엄 마이크로파센서를이용한 혈당측정연구 일시 : 2012 년 3 월 20 일 ( 화 ) 14:00~17:30 장소 : 서강대학교과학관 1010 호 주최 : 서강대학교기초과학연구소 Contents Program of Symposium 2 Non-invasive in vitro sensing of D-glucose in

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

untitled

untitled 3. 농업환경연구과 과제구분 기본연구 수행시기 전반기 연구과제 및 세부과제 수행 기간 소 속 책임자 농가에 적합한 부식성곤충 대량 사육기술 개발 12~ 13 농업환경연구과 곤충팀 이영혜 1) 부식성 곤충 먹이 제조 기술 개발 12~ 13 농업환경연구과 곤충팀 이영혜 색인용어 부식성곤충, 장수풍뎅이, 계통, 먹이제조 ABSTRACT In first check,

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

환경중잔류의약물질대사체분석방법확립에 관한연구 (Ⅱ) - 테트라사이클린계항생제 - 환경건강연구부화학물질연구과,,,,,, Ⅱ 2010

환경중잔류의약물질대사체분석방법확립에 관한연구 (Ⅱ) - 테트라사이클린계항생제 - 환경건강연구부화학물질연구과,,,,,, Ⅱ 2010 11-1480523-000702-01 환경중잔류의약물질대사체분석방법확립에 관한연구 (Ⅱ) - 테트라사이클린계항생제 - 환경건강연구부화학물질연구과,,,,,, Ⅱ 2010 목차 ⅰ ⅱ ⅲ Abstract ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ i 목차 Ⅲ Ⅳ i 목차 ii 목차 iii Abstract α β α β iv Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ 1 Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 Ⅱ. 2 Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법

More information

mau A B C Qsepharose051229manual001:1_UV@01,SHFT Qsepharose051229manual001:1_Conc Qsepharose051229manual001:1_Fractions Qsepharose051229manual001:1_Inject Manual run 3:1_UV@01,SHFT Manual run 3:1_Fractions

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

<5B313132385D32303039B3E220C1A634B1C720C1A632C8A320B3EDB9AEC1F628C3D6C1BE292E687770>

<5B313132385D32303039B3E220C1A634B1C720C1A632C8A320B3EDB9AEC1F628C3D6C1BE292E687770> 디지털 영상에서의 자막추출을 이용한 자막 특성 분석에 관한 연구 이세열 * 요약 본 연구는 방송 프로그램 제작에 있어서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 영상 자막의 특성과 영상 커 뮤니케이션 기능적인 관점에서 나타나고 있는 현상을 살펴본다. 다양한 방송 프로그램에서 활용되고 있는 디지털 영상 자막의 기능은 단순하게 간략한 정보를 전달하는 기능적인 역할을 수행하였다.

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on the Opti

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   A Study on the Opti Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.127-148 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/11024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.127 A Study on the Optimization of Appropriate Hearing-impaired Curriculum Purpose:

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Study on Teache Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2013) 26(1), 201 208 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2013.26.1.201 A Note on Model Selection in Mixture Experiments with Process Variables Jung Il Kim a,1

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285 13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

TOYOBO Reagent 만의독보적인기술 ReverTra Ace M-MLV RTase 의 RNase H domain 에 mutation 시키므로 RNase H activity 를낮추고,mRNA 의 degradation 을막아 cdna 합성효율을높임 KOD Polyme

TOYOBO Reagent 만의독보적인기술 ReverTra Ace M-MLV RTase 의 RNase H domain 에 mutation 시키므로 RNase H activity 를낮추고,mRNA 의 degradation 을막아 cdna 합성효율을높임 KOD Polyme PCR Enzyme 부터 qpcr 까지! PCR 실험은 TOYOBO 로해결하세요! 행사기간 : 7 월 15 일 ~ 9 월 13 일까지 TOYOBO Reagent PCR Enzyme High Quality PCR Enzyme cdna Synthesis Kit qpcr One-step RT Kit Immunoreaction Enhancer Solution 추가

More information

10(3)-09.fm

10(3)-09.fm w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: * A Study on Good School

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI:   * A Study on Good School Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.1 * A Study on Good School and School Evaluation Purpose: This study was to examine

More information

09구자용(489~500)

09구자용(489~500) The Study on the Grid Size Regarding Spatial Interpolation for Local Climate Maps* Cha Yong Ku** Young Ho Shin*** Jae-Won Lee**** Hee-Soo Kim*****.,...,,,, Abstract : Recent global warming and abnormal

More information

Æ÷Àå82š

Æ÷Àå82š Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose

More information

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구

현대패션의 로맨틱 이미지에 관한 연구 한지닥섬유제품의인체생리반응및쾌적성평가 임순 Evaluation of Thermal Physiological Responses and Comfort in Dox Fabric Soon Im Professor, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Incheon National University This study performed the evaluation

More information

大学4年生の正社員内定要因に関する実証分析

大学4年生の正社員内定要因に関する実証分析 190 2016 JEL Classification Number J24, I21, J20 Key Words JILPT 2011 1 190 Empirical Evidence on the Determinants of Success in Full-Time Job-Search for Japanese University Students By Hiroko ARAKI and

More information

,......

,...... The Impact of Personal Traits, Family Characteristics, and Job Satisfaction on the Psychological Well-Being of Middle Aged Men from the Baby Boomer Generation Working in Large Corporations Department of

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

DNA/RNA Amplification Overview AccuPower PreMix series 는세계적으로기술력을인정받은특허기술로보다경제적인가격과편리한방법으로실험할수있는제품입니다. Conventional PCR, Real-Time PCR 수행을위한 DNA ampli

DNA/RNA Amplification Overview AccuPower PreMix series 는세계적으로기술력을인정받은특허기술로보다경제적인가격과편리한방법으로실험할수있는제품입니다. Conventional PCR, Real-Time PCR 수행을위한 DNA ampli DNA Amplification RNA Amplification Real-Time PCR Customized PCR DNA/RNA Amplification Phone: 1588-9788 (ext.4->2) Email: accupower-support @bioneer.co.kr DNA/RNA Amplification Overview AccuPower PreMix

More information

., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5,

., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5, * 4.,, 3,,, 3,, -., 3, 12, 27, 20. 9,,,,,,,,. 6,,,,,. 5,,,,.. * (2016),. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-225-4496 / E-mail: jnj1015@jj.ac.kr ., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), 2000. 2015 () 65, 4 51,

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

디지털포렌식학회 논문양식

디지털포렌식학회 논문양식 ISSN : 1976-5304 http://www.kdfs.or.kr Virtual Online Game(VOG) 환경에서의 디지털 증거수집 방법 연구 이 흥 복, 정 관 모, 김 선 영 * 대전지방경찰청 Evidence Collection Process According to the Way VOG Configuration Heung-Bok Lee, Kwan-Mo

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: NCS : G * The Analy

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   NCS : G * The Analy Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.133-158 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.133 NCS : G * The Analysis of the Cognitive Level of Basic Job Skills of Specialized

More information

Microsoft Word - KSR2016S168

Microsoft Word - KSR2016S168 2016 년도 한국철도학회 춘계학술대회 논문집 KSR2016S168 GPR 을 이용한 자갈궤도 파울링층 파악을 위한 실내실험적 접근 Evaluation of Applicability of GPR to Detect Fouled Layer in Ballast Using Laboratory Tests 신지훈 *, 최영태 **, 장승엽 *** Ji-hoon. Shin

More information

À±½Â¿í Ãâ·Â

À±½Â¿í Ãâ·Â Representation, Encoding and Intermediate View Interpolation Methods for Multi-view Video Using Layered Depth Images The multi-view video is a collection of multiple videos, capturing the same scene at

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Experiences of Af Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood

More information

230 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 I. 서 론 청소년의 언어가 거칠어지고 있다. 개ㅅㄲ, ㅆㅂ놈(년), 미친ㅆㄲ, 닥쳐, 엠창, 뒤져 등과 같은 말은 주위에서 쉽게 들을 수 있다. 말과 글이 점차 된소리나 거센소리로 바뀌고, 외 국어 남용과 사이버 문화의 익명성 등

230 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 I. 서 론 청소년의 언어가 거칠어지고 있다. 개ㅅㄲ, ㅆㅂ놈(년), 미친ㅆㄲ, 닥쳐, 엠창, 뒤져 등과 같은 말은 주위에서 쉽게 들을 수 있다. 말과 글이 점차 된소리나 거센소리로 바뀌고, 외 국어 남용과 사이버 문화의 익명성 등 청소년의 개인, 가정, 학교변인에 따른 비교육적 언어 사용의 차이 229 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 The Korea Educational Review 2014. 10. Vol.20. No.3. pp.229-251. 1) 청소년의 개인, 가정, 학교변인에 따른 비교육적 언어 사용의 차이* 강기수 조규판(동아대학교) [요 약] 본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 개인변인인

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

1. KT 올레스퀘어 미디어파사드 콘텐츠 개발.hwp

1. KT 올레스퀘어 미디어파사드 콘텐츠 개발.hwp Journal of Next-generation Convergence Information Services Technology Vol.4, No.1, June (2015), pp. 1-8 차세대컨버전스정보서비스기술논문지 KT 올레스퀘어 미디어파사드 콘텐츠 개발 Media Fasade Contents Development of KT Olleh Square 김동조

More information

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 강활 ( 羌活 ) Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 생약연구과

한약재품질표준화연구사업단 강활 ( 羌活 ) Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 생약연구과 한약재품질표준화연구사업단 강활 ( 羌活 ) Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 생약연구과 - 2 - - 3 - KP 11 Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz, Notopterygium incisum Ting, Notopterygium

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

02¿ÀÇö¹Ì(5~493s

02¿ÀÇö¹Ì(5~493s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.22, No.6, 2006, pp.485~493 Estimation of Quantitative Precipitation Rate Using an Optimal Weighting Method with RADAR Estimated Rainrate and AWS Rainrate Hyun-Mi Oh,

More information

04서종철fig.6(121~131)ok

04서종철fig.6(121~131)ok Development of Mobile Applications Applying Digital Storytelling About Ecotourism Resources Seo, Jongcheol* Lee, Seungju**,,,. (mobile AIR)., 3D.,,.,.,,, Abstract : In line with fast settling trend of

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 링크 품질에 기반한 라우팅에 대한 효과적인 싱크홀 공격 탐지 기법 901 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 링크 품질에 기반한 라우팅에 대한 효과적인 싱크홀 공격 탐지 기법 (A Effective Sinkhole Attack Detection Mechanism for LQI based Routing in WSN) 최병구 조응준 (Byung

More information

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 박건수 *, 서태영 **, 김종욱 *** ". 요약 Abstract The induction melting furnace using electric generator has been introduced since 1920s, and it began to be widely applied to industrial applications due to increasing

More information

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ

Pharmacotherapeutics Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee Univ Application of New Pathogenesis on the Drug Treatment of Diabetes Young Seol Kim, M.D. Department of Endocrinology Kyung Hee University College of Medicine & Hospital E mail : ycell2@yahoo.co.kr Abstract

More information

l l l l l l l l l Lee, Geon Kook None This project was designed to establish the Tumor Bank of National Cancer Center in 2000. From the first tumor sample in 2000, the total of tumor and tumor-related

More information

43(1)-4(p.23-30).fm

43(1)-4(p.23-30).fm The Korean Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 43, No. 1, March 2007, p. 23-30 Copyright 2007, The Microbiological Society of Korea Quick Real-time PCR w Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5N1 ½ yá Áw zá«y 1 Á *»

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information

한국 출산력의 저하 요인에 관한 연구

한국 출산력의 저하 요인에 관한 연구 가족계획실천율 가족계획실천자 세 유배우부인 조출생률 년간 총출생아수 연앙인구수 일반출산율 년간 총출생아수 가임연령 여자연앙인구수 합계출산율 세 연령층 여성이 출산한 출생아수 세 연령층 여성의 연앙인구수 즉 합계출산율 합 6 계 출 산 율 5 4 3 2 1 1960 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001

More information

005송영일

005송영일 Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Feb.; 29(2), 93 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.2.93 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) UHF-HF

More information

#Ȳ¿ë¼®

#Ȳ¿ë¼® http://www.kbc.go.kr/ A B yk u δ = 2u k 1 = yk u = 0. 659 2nu k = 1 k k 1 n yk k Abstract Web Repertoire and Concentration Rate : Analysing Web Traffic Data Yong - Suk Hwang (Research

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 27(6), 495 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.495 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Design

More information

example code are examined in this stage The low pressure pressurizer reactor trip module of the Plant Protection System was programmed as subject for

example code are examined in this stage The low pressure pressurizer reactor trip module of the Plant Protection System was programmed as subject for 2003 Development of the Software Generation Method using Model Driven Software Engineering Tool,,,,, Hoon-Seon Chang, Jae-Cheon Jung, Jae-Hack Kim Hee-Hwan Han, Do-Yeon Kim, Young-Woo Chang Wang Sik, Moon

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   * Strenghening the Cap Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education

More information

Crt114( ).hwp

Crt114( ).hwp cdna Microarray Experiment: Design Issues in Early Stage and the Need of Normalization Byung Soo Kim, Ph.D. 1, Sunho Lee, Ph.D. 2, Sun Young Rha, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 and Hyun Cheol Chung, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 1

More information

27 2, * ** 3, 3,. B ,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability

27 2, * ** 3, 3,. B ,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability 27 2, 71-90. 2009. 3 * ** 3, 3,. B 2003 4 2004 2.,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability Development) ** ( : heyjun@gmail.com) 72 한국교육문제연구제

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Mediating Eff Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Sep.; 30(9), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2019 Sep.; 30(9), 712 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2019.30.9.712 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) MOS

More information

(5차 편집).hwp

(5차 편집).hwp (215), 54(1), 17-3 211 STEAM,.. STEAM, STEAM, 5~6 11.,., 5~6...,. (, 21)., 29. (,, 212). 211 STEAM * :, E-mail: njkwon@hanmail.net http://dx.doi.org/1.15812/ter.54.1.2153.17 (215), 54(1), 17-3,. (Arts)

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: The Effect of Caree

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   The Effect of Caree Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.325-349 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.325 The Effect of Career Preparation Behavior Before and After Major Transitions

More information

Statistical Data of Dementia.

Statistical Data of Dementia. Screening of Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitors from Medicinal Plants. Lee Si-young, Lee Jung-han, Paik Young-Sook College of Environment and Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University. Statistical Data of Dementia.

More information