THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun; 26(6),

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1 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun; 26(6), ISSN (Print)ISSN X (Online) 3-D Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Interferometric ISAR Imaging 강병수 배지훈 양은정 김경태 Byung-Soo KangJi-Hoon BaeEun-Jung Yang*Kyung-Tae Kim 요약 -(multiple-input, multiple-output: MIMO) (interferometric) MIMO (inverse synthetic aparture radar: InISAR). MIMO InISAR, (incoherent) MIMO InISAR., InISAR 3. MIMO InISAR 3,, (feature vector)., MIMO InISAR 3. Abstract In this paper, we propose a multiple-input, multiple-output(mimo) interferometric radar network system to generate three-dimensional (3-D) MIMO interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar(inisar) image. In the MIMO interferometric radar network system, the MIMO InISAR image can be formed by an incoherent summation of multiple bistatic InISAR images that show 3-D scatterers of a target observed at different bistatic interfermetric configurations, respectively. Because bistatic-sccattering physics of a target at different viewpoints are visible in the 3-D MIMO InISAR image, it can provide various scatterering physics properties of a target, and can be used for target classification as a useful feature vector. Simulations validate that our proposed method successfully finds locations of scatterers of a target in MIMO radar interferometric network system. Key words: Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output(MIMO) Radar, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar(ISAR) Image, Interferometric ISAR (InISAR) Image. 서론 (Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar: IS- AR) (scatterer) 2(two-dimensional: 2D), (mechanism) (Non-Cooperative Target Recognition: NCTR) /IR. (Department of Electronic Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology) *(Agency for Defense Development) Manuscript received March 13, 2015 ; Revised June 11, 2015 ; Accepted June 12, (ID No ) Corresponding Author: Kyung-Tae Kim ( kkt@postech.ac.kr) 564 c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.

2 [1]. ISAR / (monostatic)., (stealth) signal to noise ratio(snr), ISAR. (bistatic) ISAR [2]. /. /, statistic -(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output: MIMO) (network) [1]. MIMO, ISAR. ISAR (incoherent), 2 MIMO ISAR [1]. MIMO ISAR (feature vector),. MIMO ISAR 2 - (Image Projection Plane: IPP), (Doppler scaling factor)., ISAR [1],[3], ISAR. (interferometric) [4] MIMO.. 3 ISAR(Interferometric ISAR: In- ISAR) [3]., 3 InISAR 3 MIMO InISAR.. MIMO 간섭계레이다네트워크시스템 1(a) /,,.,, 3. 1(b). 3 InISAR [5].,, 1(c) MIMO.,, InISAR. MIMO InISAR InISAR, MIMO InISAR 565

3 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 6, Jun (a) (b) (a) Monostatic interferometric (b) Bistatic interferometric radar radar system system 그림 2. InISAR Fig. 2. Geometry for the bistatic InISAR imaging. (c) MIMO (c) MIMO interferometric radar system 그림 1. Fig. 1. Interferometric radar systems. InISAR.. MIMO InISAR 영상형성 3-1 바이스태틱 InISAR 영상형성 세개의바이스태틱 ISAR 영상들형성 2 InISAR,,,.,. a,. InISAR ISAR.,,, ISAR. [3] ISAR. ISAR -(range-doppler: RD)., (chirp-signal), (de-ramping) (pulse compression) (burst) 1 high resolution range profile(hrrp)., 566

4 [5], (1) RD 2 ISAR. exp sinc a T w w (1),,,, (wave length), (Coherent Processing Interval: CPI), point spread function(psf). (slow time),,,,,,. n n n, n a a T n,. n (Radar Line of Sight: RLOS), n RLOS, w v n T vn, w v n T vn., ISAR ISAR 차원바이스태틱 InISAR 영상형성,. ISAR,,,, a., RE- LAX, CLEAN, multiple signal classification(music) (spectral estimation), orthogonal matching pursuit(omp), basis pursuit(bp) (compressive sensing) [6],[7].,, a., (2), (3). conj a T d (2) conj a T d (3), d, d, a a n T an. (4), (5). (4) (5) 567

5 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 6, Jun 2015., (2), (3), (6)., (6), (4), (5), a T n 3 (linear equation) ( (6)), 3. (7) 3, (7) 3 InISAR. (8), ISAR. 3-2 MIMO InISAR 영상형성 MIMO InISAR., InISAR, 3 MIMO InISAR ( (9))., MIMO (index).. 시뮬레이션결과 km v m /sec MIMO InISAR, 3 ( 1) MIMO., MIMO 2, 4. (reflectivity)., ISAR., 3., 그림 3. MIMO InISAR Fig. 3. Geometry for the MIMO InISAR imaging. (9) 568

6 표 1. Fig. 3 Table 1. Locations of radars in Fig =(5, 0, 0) km =(5,, 0) km =(0, 5, 0) km =(0, 5+, 0) km =(5, 0, 0) km =(5,, 0) km (a) 1 (b) 2 (a) Bistatic interferometric radar (b) Bistatic interferometric radar system 1 system 2 =(5+, 0, 0) km =(, 5, 0) km =(5+, 0, 0) km 표 2. 3 Table 2. Bistatic interfermetric radar systems associated with a MIMO interferometric radar system shown in Fig () 표 3. Table 3. Chirp-radar parameters. (,, ),,,,,,,,,,,, 9.25 GHz 500 MHz 1 khz 10 sec 1 sec OMP ISAR [6], (c) 3 (d) 4 (c) Bistatic interferometric radar (d) Bistatic interferometric radar system 3 system 4 (e) 5 (f) 6 (e) Bistatic interferometric radar (f) Bistatic interferometric radar system 5 system 6 그림 4. Fig. 4. Scatterer's distribution of a target viewed at each bistatic radar network system. InISAR., InISAR, 3 MIMO InISAR., (6),,,.,, ( (10)) ( 5). 569

7 THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 26, no. 6, Jun 그림 5. (d) vs. Fig. 5. d vs. estimation error. (a) MIMO (o:, +:, : m) (a) Locations of scatterers distributed on a target in MIMO radar network system(o: original locations, +: estimated locations, estimation error: m) a i ai (10), a, a MIMO,. 3, 8 m,, (6) ( ). 6 2 m MIMO InISAR. 6(a) MIMO ( ), MIMO InISAR. 6(b),,,,, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 InISAR.. 결론 MIMO MIMO InISAR. MIMO (b) MIMO InISAR (b) MIMO InISAR image 그림 6. 3 MIMO InISAR image Fig. 6. Three-dimensional(3D) MIMO InISAR image., 3 InISAR., InISAR 3, 3 MIMO InISAR. MIMO 570

MIMO InISAR. References [1] V. Chen, M. Martorella, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging, Edison, NJ: SciTech, 2014. [2] M. Martorella, J. Palmer, J. Homer, B. Littleton, and I. D.

Wei, "Bistatic ISAR imaging incorporating interferometric 3-D imaging technique," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 3859-3867, Mar. 2012. [4] G. Y. Wang, X. G. Xia, and V. C.

8 MIMO InISAR. References [1] V. Chen, M. Martorella, Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging, Edison, NJ: SciTech, [2] M. Martorella, J. Palmer, J. Homer, B. Littleton, and I. D. Lnngstaff, "On bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 43, no. 3, pp , Jul [3] C. Ma, T. S. Yeo, and P. Wei, "Bistatic ISAR imaging incorporating interferometric 3-D imaging technique," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 50, no. 10, pp , Mar [4] G. Y. Wang, X. G. Xia, and V. C. Chen, "Three-dimensional ISAR imaging of maneuvering targets using three receivers," IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 10, no. 3, pp , Mar [5] X. Li, G. Liu, and J. Ni, "Autofocusing of ISAR images based on entropy minimization", IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 35, no. 4, pp , Oct [6] M. Elad, Sparse and Redundant Representations, Springer, [7] P. Stoica, R. Moses, Introduction to Spectral Analysis, Prentice-Hall, : ( ) :: () : [ 주관심분야 ], : () : () : () : [ 주관심분야 ], ISAR : ( ) : () : : : [ 주관심분야 ], HF/UHF RFID, RFID,, : () : () : () : : : /IR [ 주관심분야 ],,,, RCS 571

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 27(6), 566576. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.566 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis