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1 Nursing & Health Issues Vol. 23 No. 1, 19-27, August, 2018 ISSN 박인자 1 ) 권순석 2 ) 1) 화순전남대학교병원간호사, 2) 전남대학교의과대학예방의학교실부교수 Performance of Preventive Actions for Hospital Falls and Factors related to University Hospital Nurses Park, In Ja 1) Kweon, Sun Seog 2) 1) Nurse, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 2) Associate Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea Purpose: The purposes of this study was to figure out the performance of preventive actions for hospital falls by university hospital nurses and to identify factors influencing performance of preventive actions for hospital falls by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods: Three hundred nurses from two university hospitals in G city and C province participated in this study. The data were collected from structures self-reported questionnaires. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS 23.0 program. Results: The score of hospital fall preventive actions was significantly higher when the subjects had received education regarding preventive actions for hospital falls, when they were educated for more than 6 hours, and when they had received the education for more than 5 times. When it comes to the prediction of intention to perform preventive actions for hospital falls, the subjective norm appeared as the most significant predictive factor, and the attitude also was a significant factor. When it comes to the prediction of performance regarding preventive actions for hospital falls, the intention to perform appeared as the direct predictive factor. But, the perceived behavior control was not significant for both intention and performance predictive factors. Conclusion: The subjective norm appeared as the most significant related factor, while attitude also appeared significant. It is concluded that education programs to prevent hospital falls need to be developed and provided with nurses subjective norms and attitudes considered. Key Words: Hospital falls, Nurses, Theory of planned behavior 서론 1. 연구의필요성 낙상은병원에서발생하는안전사고중에약 30% 에달한다 [1]. 낙상의원인은환자의내적인생리요인과외적인환경요인이관련된다. 내적요인으로낙상경험, 연령, 심리 사회적인 상태, 질환및약물복용등이있고, 외적요인으로계절, 시간, 낙상장소, 낙상형태, 낙상시활동및낙상이일어나는환경등이지적된다 [2]. 낙상으로인한환자의치명적신체적손상과심리적불안, 활동의위축과같은정신적손상과삶의질에도영향을미치며, 의료비용과입원일수가증가하게되어의료분쟁의원인이되기도한다 [3]. 의료인은환자, 보호자, 의료인자신의안전에위해가될수있는요인들을확인하고관리할책임 주요어 : 병원낙상, 간호사, 계획적행위이론 Corresponding author: Kweon Sun Seog Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun 58128, Korea. Tel: , Fax: , ujingogo@paran.com - 이논문은제1저자박인자의석사학위논문의축약본임. - This article is a condensed form of the first author's master's thesis from Chonnam National University. Received: Jun 22, 2018 / Revised: Aug 17, 2018 / Accepted: Aug 21, 2018 c 2018 Chonnam National University Research Institute of Nursing Science crins530.jnuac.kr

2 박인자 권순석 이있다. 그중에서도간호사는환자안전에관련된문제점을민감하게인식할수있는전문가집단이다. 환자와 24시간상호작용을하는간호사의역할에대한중요성이안전관리영역에서그어느때보다강조되고있는시점에서간호사들의안전간호활동을증진시키기위한방법을강구해야한다. 외국의선행연구에서도간호사의관심과인식이환자안전을증진시키는데있어중요한역할을할수있음이강조되어왔다 [4]. 의료기관평가항목 환자안전보장활동 에 [5] 낙상위험평가결과에다른조치사항수행여부를평가하도록되어있을정도로낙상에대한간호의중요성이확대되고있는현실이다. 선행연구를살펴보면간호사를대상으로한연구는낙상예방활동과관련하여낙상예방지식과태도, 그리고낙상예방활동 [6], 낙상에대한지식과태도, 간호중재활동의내용을조사한연구 [7], 환자안전사고예방을위한간호사의인식조사와간호활동에관한연구 [8] 등이이루어졌다. 그러나간호사를대상으로하는병원낙상교육이나그효과를검증해볼필요성이대두되고있음에도불구하고간호사의병원낙상예방활동에영향을미치는요인규명과낙상과관련된간호사의낙상예방활동에영향을미치는개인적예측요인인의지, 태도, 주관적규범등을포함한포괄적연구또한부족한실정이다. 따라서입원환자의낙상예방을위한체계적인간호활동과대처방안을마련해야할필요가있는데무엇보다도병원낙상예방활동을얼마나철저하게수행하는냐에달려있다고하겠다. 이와관련본연구를통해서병원낙상예방활동수행과관련하여예측요인에대해인간의행위를이해하고예측하는데유용한특정한이론적틀을사용하여체계적인규명을할필요가있다. 따라서본연구에서는인간의행동을이해하고예측하는데유용한계획된행위이론을적용하여대학병원간호사의병원낙상예방활동에대한수행을분석함으로서병원낙상예방활동수행도를증진시킬수있는교육프로그램에기초자료를제공하고병원낙상예방관리개선방안에도움이되고자한다. 2. 연구목적본연구의구체적인목적은다음과같다. 대상자의병원낙상예방활동수행, 태도, 주관적규범, 지각된행위통제및의도의수준을파악한다. 대상자의일반적특성에따른병원낙상예방활동수행정도를파악한다. 대상자의병원낙상예방활동의도의영향요인을파악한다. 대상자의병원낙상예방활동수행의영향요인을파악한다. 3. 개념적기틀 1991년 Ajzen에의해개발된계획적행위이론 (Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB)[9] 은1980년 Ajzen과 Fishbein에의해개발되었던합리적행위이론 (Theory of Reasoned Action, TRA) 을수정 보완한이론이다. 이는인간의많은행위들을설명하는데인간의행위는완전히의도의통제아래에있지않을가능성이있음을제시하고있으며, 인간의복잡한사회적행위를다룸에있어유용한개념적기틀로자주적용되고있다. 보다세부적인설명을하면, Ajen [9] 의계획된행위이론중특정행위를수행하는것에대한개인의긍정적또는부정적인평가의정도를의미하는 행위에대한태도 와특정행위를수행하는것에대한개인이지각한난이도를의미하는 인지된행위통제 는개인적특성이강한변인이라할수있다. 반면주어진행위를하거나하지말도록부과되는사회적압력을개인이어느정도지각하는가를의미하는 행위에대한주관적규범 은간호사가속한협의의사회인직무현장에서느끼는압력이라는점에서직무차원의특성으로구분지을수있다. 이를기반으로문헌고찰에서확인한영향요인중개인적특성인객관적지식과경력, 직무차원의특성인직무요구와조직차원의특성인인지된조직문화와자원의지원을본연구자가추가로투입하여개념적기틀을구성하게되었다. 계획된행위이론은인간의복잡한사회적행위를다룸에있어유용한개념적기틀을제공하는이론으로의도및행위를설명함에있어자주적용되고있다. 본연구에서는 1991년 Ajzen [9] 이개발한계획적행위이론을적용하여대학병원간호사의병원낙상예방활동수행에대해분석하기위한것이다. 즉계획적행위이론에서제시한태도, 주관적규범, 지각된행위통제가병원낙상예방활동수행에미치는예측요인을파악한다. 본연구의개념적기틀은 Figure 1과같다. 연구방법 1. 연구대상본연구대상은 G시와 C지역에위치한 C대학병원에재직중인간호사로구체적인대상자선정기준은다음과같다. 보건복지부가발행한간호사면허증소지자 정규직근무자 본연구에자발적으로참여하기로동의한자본연구에서는구조화된자기기입식설문지를 300부를배 20 Nursing & Health Issues

3 Figure 1. Theoretical framework of this study. 부한후 297부가회수되어 99.0% 의회수율을보였으며, 이중설문내용이불성실한 4명을제외한 293명을최종분석대상으로하였다. 2. 연구도구 1) 병원낙상예방활동수행병원낙상예방활동수행정도를측정하는도구는 Lee와 Choi [6] 의연구도구를수정 보완하여본연구에사용하였다. 내용은교육및설명, 직접간호에대한활동으로총 17문항으로구성되어있다. 응답은항상한다 (4점), 자주한다 (3점), 가끔한다 (2점), 전혀하지않는다 (1점) 로점수를주었다. 각영역별로점수가높을수록병원낙상예방활동에대한수행도는높은것으로보았다. 대하여대상자가중요한병원관계자 ( 수간호사, 선배간호사 ) 로부터느끼는압력으로정의하였고이를측정하기위해 2문항을구성하였다. 측정도구는 Kim [10] 의연구도구를수정 보완하여본연구에사용하였다. 순응동기를측정하기위한문항은 병원의중요한사람들이나에게하기를원하는것을나는따르려고한다 ( 예 : 수간호사, 선배간호사 ) 이고응답은매우그렇다 (7점) 에서매우그렇지않다 (1점) 로점수를주었다. 일번적인주관적규범을측정하기위한문항은 병원에서나에게중요한사람들은내가간호수행시항상낙상예방활동수칙을지켜야한다고생각한다 ( 예 : 수간호사, 선배간호사 ) 이고응답은매우그렇다 (7점) 에서매우그렇지않다 (1점) 로점수를주었다. 점수가높을수록낙상예방활동수칙을항상지키는것에대한대상자의주관적규범을높은것으로보았다. 본연구에서도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s 는.89였다. 2) 병원낙상예방활동수행에대한태도태도는병원낙상예방활동지침을항상지키는것에대하여대상자가지각하는긍정적또는부정적평가의정도로측정도구는 Kim [10] 의연구도구를수정 보완하여본연구에사용하였다. 내가병원에서간호수행시항상낙상예방활동을지키는것은? 에대한응답으로 좋다-나쁘다, 이롭다-해롭다, 필요하다-불필요하다, 유용하다-유용하지않다, 중요하다- 중요하지않다, 바람직하다-바람직하지않다, 가치있다-가치없다, 현명하다-어리석다 는최고 (7점) 에서최저 (1점) 로점수를주었다. 점수가높을수록병원낙상예방활동수행에대한태도는긍정적인것으로보았다. 본연구에서도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s 는.97이었다. 3) 병원낙상예방활동수행에대한주관적규범주관적규범을병원낙상예방활동지침을항상지키는것에 4) 병원낙상예방활동수행에대한지각된행위통제지각된행위통제는낙상예방활동지침을항상지키는것에대하여대상자가느끼는난이성즉어려움으로정의하였고 3 문항으로구성하였다. 측정도구는 Kim [10] 의연구도구를수정 보완하여본연구에사용하였다. 3개문항중첫번째문항인 병원에서간호수행시내가하고자하면항상낙상예방활동수칙을지킬수있다 는매우그렇다 (7점) 에서매우그렇지않다 (1점) 까지로점수를주었고, 나머지부정적 2개문항인 병원에서간호수행시항상낙상예방활동수행을하는것은어려운일이다, 부족한병원환경 ( 시설부족과업무과다 ) 으로인해간호수행시항상병원낙상예방수칙을지키는것에어려움을느낀다 는매우그렇다 (1점) 에서매우그렇지않다 (7점) 의점수를주었다. 점수가높을수록낙상예방활동수칙을항상지키는것에대한대상자의지각된행위통제는높은것으로보았다. 본연구에서도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s 는.56이었다. Vol. 23 No. 1,

4 박인자 권순석 5) 병원낙상예방활동수행에대한의도의도 (intention) 는낙상예방활동지침을항상지키고자하는대상자의의도로정의하였고 3문항으로구성하였다. 측정도구는 Kim [10] 의연구도구를수정 보완하여본연구에사용하였다. 3문항은 나는병원에서간호수행시항상낙상예방활동지침을지킬생각이다, 나는병원에서간호수행시항상낙상예방지침을지키는것을간호수행의중요한항목으로삼고있다, 나는병원에서간호수행시항상낙상예방지침을지키기위해노력할것이다 이고응답은매우그렇다 (7점) 에서매우그렇지않다 (1점) 의점수를주었다. 점수가높을수록낙상예방활동수칙을항상지키는것에대한간호사의의도는높다고보았다. 본연구에서도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s 는.96이었다. 실수와백분율, 평균과표준편차로나타냈다. 그리고수행정도, 태도, 주관적규범, 지각된행위통제와의도들은평균및표준편차로나타냈다. 연구대상자의일반적특성에따른수행정도의차이는 t-test와일원배치분산분석 (one-way analysis of variance, one-way ANOVA) 을사용하였고, 사후검정은 Scheffe test를하였다. 연구변수간상관관계는피어슨의상관계수 (Pearson s correlation coefficient) 를이용하여분석하였고, 계획적행위이론관련특성에따른병원간호사의낙상예방활동수행에대한태도, 주관적규범, 지각된행위통제가의도에미치는효과와의도및지각된행위통제가병원낙상예방활동수행에미치는효과검증은단순선형회귀분석 (simple linear regression analysis) 과다중선형회귀분석 (multiple regression analysis) 으로분석하였다. 6) 대상자의일반적인특성본연구에서수행정도측정도구와계획된행위이론개념을조작한측정도구이외에연구대상자들의연령, 현재근무부서, 현재병원근무경력, 현재근무부서에서의직위, 일하는병동에서낙상환자발생경험과병원낙상예방관련교육경험과횟수를묻는문항을설문지에포함하였다. 3. 자료수집자료수집은 2017년 8월1일 ~8월 31일까지시행하였으며연구자가연구대상병원의간호부에자료수집에대한승인을받은후각부서를방문하여수간호사와병동간호사들에게연구목적을설명하고동의를구한뒤설문지를배부하였다. 작성된설문지는개인의응답내용이공개되지않도록회수용봉투에넣어봉한후각병동과간호부로모아진설문지들을연구자가직접회수하였다. 회수된질문지중간호사응답이불완전한설문지 4부를제외하고최종 293부를분석하였으며, 회수율은 99.0% 였다. 4. 자료분석본연구에서의분석자료는 SPSS/WIN 23.0 프로그램을이용하여분석하였고, 유의수준는.05를사용하였다. 낙상예방활동수행측정도구와계획적행위이론개념을조작한낙상예방활동수행에대한의도, 태도, 주관적규범, 지각된행위통제측정도구의내적일관성을검토하기위해 Cronbach s Coefficient를산출하였다. 연구대상자의일반적특성들은 5. 윤리적고려본연구는연구대상자의권리보호를위해본연구의목적과방법을설명하고연구참여로인한부작용이나위험요소가없음을설명하였다. 수집한자료는연구목적으로만사용될것이고개인적인비밀이보장됨을설명하였다. 또한연구참여는자발적인서면동의하에이루어지며, 참여도중언제라도참여철회가가능하고어떠한불이익도받지않음을알려주었다. 서면동의서는대상자의익명성보장을위해사인이나기호로작성하였으며, 대상자의신원을알수있는정보는모두삭제하였다. 연구결과 1. 연구대상자의일반적특성연구대상자 293명중연령별로는 25~30세미만이 129명 (44.0%) 이었고, 간호사현재병원근무경력은 3년미만이 100 명 (34.1%) 으로가장많았으며평균근무경력은 6.6년이었다. 현재근무부서별로는외과계가 118명 (40.3%) 으로가장많은분포를보였고, 다음순으로내과계 102명 (34.8%), 중환자실 57명 (19.5%), 기타 ( 응급실 ) 16명 (5.5%) 의분포를보였다. 직위별로는일반간호사 260명 (88.7%), 책임간호사 18명 (6.1%), 수간호사15명 (5.1%) 의순이었다. 병원낙상발생경험은 있다 ( 이하동일 ) 가 245명 (83.6%) 으로 없다 48명 (16.4%) 보다는훨씬높았다. 병원낙상예방활동 1년간교육경험은 있다 269 명 (91.8%) 로 없다 24명 (8.2%) 보다는훨씬높았다. 총교육시 22 Nursing & Health Issues

5 간은 1~2시간이 168명 (62.5%), 2~4시간 50명 (18.6%), 6시간이상이 33명 (12.3%), 4~6시간 18명 (6.7%) 을나타내었다. 병원낙상예방활동교육경험회수 ( 회수 /1년) 는 1회이상이 123명 (45.7%), 2회가 78명 (29.0%), 5회이상이 34명 (12.6%), 3회 21 명 (7.8%), 그리고 4회가 12명 (4.5%) 을차지하였다 (Table 1). 안전한운동우려가있을때적절히신체억제대를사용한다. 의평균점수는 3.17±0.88로낮은수행정도를나타냈다. 병원간호사의낙상예방활동수행에대한태도는 6.24±0.88점, 주관적규범은 6.16±0.96점, 지각된행위통제는 4.35±1.14점, 의도는 6.26±1.00점으로나타났다 (Table 2). Table 1. General Characteristics of Participants Variables Age (year) A unit currently working Position A career in a current hospital (year) Experiences of hospital falls Experiences of education to prevent hospital falls A total of education time for a year (hour) A frequency of education for a year Categories <25 25~<30 30~<35 35 Medical unit Surgical unit Surgery Intensive care unit Staff nurse Charge nurse Head nurse <3 3~<5 5~<10 10 Yes No Yes No 1~<2 2~<4 4~< No response n(%) or M±SD 29.52± (17.4) 129 (44.0) 68 (23.2) 45 (15.4) 102 (34.8) 118 (40.3) 57 (19.5) 16 (5.5) 260 (88.7) 18 (6.1) 15 (5.1) 6.62± (34.1) 63 (21.5) 67 (22.9) 63 (21.5) 245 (83.6) 48 (16.4) 269 (91.8) 24 (8.2) 168 (62.5) 50 (18.6) 18 (6.7) 33 (12.3) 123 (45.7) 78 (29.0) 21 (7.8) 12 (4.5) 34 (12.6) 1 (0.4) 2. 대상자의병원낙상예방활동수행및태도, 주관적규범, 지각된행위통제및의도 낙상예방활동수행정도는평균 3.42±0.45점으로나타났다. 문항별로는 환자이송시휠체어, 침대, 들것의바퀴를잠근다. 의평균점수가 3.76±0.50으로가장높게나타났고, 불 3. 대상자의일반적특성에따른병원낙상예방활동수행정도 1년간교육경험이있는경우에해당되는변수는총교육시간과교육횟수이다. 그리고총교육시간의분석에사용된연구대상자는 269명이고, 교육횟수에서는미응답 ( 결측값 ) 인경우를제외하여분석에포함된연구대상자의수는 268명이었다. 병원근무경력에따른낙상예방활동수행정도는 10년이상 3.61±0.41로가장높았으며 3년미만과 10년이상, 5~10년미만과 10년이상, 3~5년미만과 10년이상의집단들에서평균차이가있다 (F=5.04, p=.002). 연령별로는 35세이상이낙상예방활동에대한수행정도가 3.62로가장높았으며, 30~35 25 세미만과 35세이상, 25~30세미만과 35세이상의집단간의평균차이가있다 (F=4.72, p=.003). 현근무부서에따른간호사의낙상예방활동수행정도는기타부서인응급실이 3.60으로가장높았으며, 중환자실 3.54, 외과계 3.40, 내과계 3.35순이었으며, 내과계와기타부서인응급실간의평균차이가있었다 (F=3.19, p=.024). 직위별로는낙상예방활동수행정도가수간호사 3.69, 책임간호사 3.59, 일반간호사 3.39 순이었으나일반간호사와수간호사간의평균차이가없었다 (F=4.47, p=.371). 낙상발생경험이있는간호사의병원낙상예방활동수행정도는 3.41, 낙상발생경험이없는간호사는 3.47로낙상환자발생경험유무에서는평균간의차이가없다 (t=-.90, p=.386). 낙상예방활동관련 1년간교육경험이있는간호사의낙상예방활동수행정도는 3.44로교육경험이없는간호사의수행정도 3.20로낙상예방교육경험유무에서는평균간의차이가있다 (t=2.51, p=.013). 낙상예방교육경험이있는경우에대한교육시간은 6시간이상인경우에서수행정도가 3.73로가장높았고 1~2시간 3.41, 2~4시간, 4~6시간 3.37로 4~6시간과 6시간이상, 2~4시간과 6시간이상간의평균차이가있다 (F=6.08, p=.001). 낙상예방교육경험이있는경우에대한교육횟수가 5 회이상인경우에서수행정도가 3.74, 3회 회 3.44, 2회 3.41, 1회 3.38로 1회와 5회이상간의평균차이가있다 (F=4.92, p=.001)(table 3). Vol. 23 No. 1,

6 박인자 권순석 Table 2. Performance, Attitude, Subject Norms, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Intention of Preventive Actions for Hospital Falls Variables Categories M±SD Performance Figure out cognitive and physical deficit of a patient with the potential for falls 3.48±0.60 Figure out environmental factors increasing the potential for falls 3.43±0.63 Lock wheels of a wheel chair and stretcher when moving a patient 3.76±0.50 Remind a patient about asking a help when she/he moves 3.51±0.61 Use restraining bands appropriately when there are concerns about unsafe exercise 3.17±0.88 Educate a patient to raise a siderail of a bed all the time 3.64±0.54 Educate a patient on a location of a call bell and how to use it 3.51±0.70 For safe environment, organize staff surrounding a bed and remove risk factors such as dampness, electrical cords and devices 3.43±0.66 Double check slipness of floors of a patient room, hallway and toilet 3.38±0.66 Share information about high-risk patients in falls among clinicians 3.61±0.59 Monitor the level of fatigue through walking balance 3.19±0.76 Rearrange stuff to easily reach a patient 3.27±0.71 Provid night lighting on a bed 3.34±0.78 Be cautious about side effects of medications of a patient with high-risk falls 3.30±0.76 Clean the floor not to take a fall or not to slip 3.38±0.69 Educate a patient to ask a help when he/she gets up 3.39±0.69 Identify appropriateness of night lighting 3.35±0.73 Total 3.42±0.45 Attitude 6.24±0.88 Subjective norms 6.16±0.96 Perceived behavioral control 4.35±1.14 Intention 6.26± 대상자의병원낙상예방활동의도에대한영향요인의도와태도, 주관적규범, 지각된행위통제의상관관계분석결과, 의도와태도는양의상관관계가있었고 (r=.58, p<.001), 의도와주관적규범도양의상관관계가있는것으로나타났으며 (r=.69, p<.001), 의도와지각된행위통제는약한양의상관관계가있는것으로나타났다 (r=.12, p=.039). 병원낙상예방활동수행의도에대한태도, 주관적규범, 지각된행위통제의관련성분석결과, 태도 (β=.28, p<.001) 와주관적규범 (β=.53, p<.001) 이의도의영향요인으로나타났고, 설명력은 54% 로나타났다 (F=36.84, p<.001). 특히표준화계수 β를비교해보면태도 (β=.28) 와주관적규범 (β=.53) 중에서주관적규범이태도의 2배정도로나타났다. 지각된행위 통제 (β=-.03, p=.523) 는의도의영향요인으로유의하지않았다 (Table 4). 5. 대상자의병원낙상예방활동수행에대한영향요인의도및지각된행위통제가병원간호사의낙상예방활동수행을설명하는지를파악하기위해계획적행위이론변수인의도와지각된행위통제와낙상예방활동수행과의상관관계를살펴보았는데, 수행과의도는양의상관관계가있다 (r=.39, p<.001). 그러나수행과지각된행위통제는상관관계가없는것으로나타났다 (r=.07, p<.229). 병원낙상예방활동수행과의지및지각된행위통제와의관련성을확인한결과연령으로 35세이상 (β=.21, p=.002), 근무 24 Nursing & Health Issues

7 Table 3. Performance of Preventive Actions for Hospital Falls by General Characteristics Variables Categories M±SD t or F (p) Age (year) <25 a 25~<30 b 30~<35 c 35 d 3.32± ± ± ± (.003) a, b<d A unit currently working Position A career in a current hospital (year) Medical unit a Surgical unit b ICU c Others d Staff nurse a Charge nurse b Head nurse c <3 a 3~<5 b 5~<10 c 10 d 3.35± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± (.024) a<d 4.47 (.012) a<c 5.04 (.002) a, b, c<d Experiences of hospital falls Yes No 3.41± ± (.371) Experiences of education to prevent hospital falls Yes No 3.44± ± (.013) A total of education time for a year (hour) (n=269) 1~2 a 2~4 b 4~6 c 6 d 3.41± ± ± ± (.001) a, b, c<d A frequency of education for a year (n=268) 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 d 5 e 3.38± ± ± ± ± (.001) a<e Table 4. Influencing Factors on Intention to Preventive Actions for Hospital Falls Variables Intention B SE β t p (Constant) Attitude <.001 Subjective norm <.001 Perceived behavioral control Age (year) 25~<30 30~< Work unit Surgical care unit Intensive care unit Others R 2 =.54, Adj. R 2 =.53, F=36.84, p<.001 Vol. 23 No. 1,

8 박인자 권순석 Table 5. Influencing Factors on Performance of Preventive Actions for Hospital Falls Variables B SE β t p (Constant) <.001 Intention <.001 Perceived behavioral control Age (year) 25~<30 30~<35 35 Work unit Surgical care unit Intensive care unit Others R 2 =.21, Adj. R 2 =.18, F=9.18, p< 부서는중환자실 (β=.14, p=.025) 에서유의한변수로나타났고의도 (β=.37, p<.001) 가중요관련요인으로설명력을 20.6% 로나타났다 (F=9.19, p<.001). 지각된행위통제 (β=.02, p=.726) 는유의하지않아병원낙상예방활동수행에관련요인으로나타나지않았다 (Table 5). 논의 본연구는대학병원간호사들의병원낙상예방활동수행정도를조사하고이에계획된행위이론을적용하여병원낙상예방활동에대한수행을분석함으로써향후대학병원간호사들의병원낙상예방활동의수행정도를증진시킬수있는방안을모색하는데기초자료를제공하고자하였다. 병원조직의환자안전에대한인식강화및간호사의적극적인낙상예방활동으로낙상사고는예방가능하며 [9], 간호사는다른의료인보다환자와가까이에서 24시간상호작용을하고낙상예방을위한관리와교육을많이하는인력이다 [11]. 대학병원간호사의병원낙상예방활동을얼마나철저하게수행하느냐에따라서환자안전사고예방을위한간호업무수행에긍정적인영향을미칠것이고이는양질의의료서비스제공과간호의료인력의질적향상과밀접한관련이있다고하겠다. 대학병원간호사들의입원환자들에게낙상예방활동에있어보다안전하게간호하기위해서는이에대한간호사의표준화되고체계적인교육을통해지원할수있다. 대학병원간호사의병원낙상예방활동수행정도는 4점만점중 3.42로나타났고 Lee와 Choi [6] 의연구에서는대학병원간호사의병원낙상예방활동수행정도를 5점만점중 4.41 정도로보고하였다. 본연구에서병원낙상예방활동수행항목에 서 불안전한운동우려가있을때적절히신체억제대를사용한다 가가장낮은수행정도를나타냈다. 이는신체억제대사용지침에서와같이다른치료적대안에효과가없을때사용하고최소한필요한시간만사용하여야하며사회인식에있어서도영향을받을수있음을알수있다. 병원낙상예방활동에통계적으로유의한차이를보였던것은낙상예방교육유무로낙상예방교육을받은경우가낙상예방교육을받지않은경우에비해높게나왔으며총교육시간 6 시간이상받은간호사의수행도와낙상예방교육 5회이상받은간호사의수행도가높게나왔으며통계적으로유의하였다. 이는낙상교육후낙상예방행위가증가한것으로나타난 Sin 등 [12] 의연구와낙상예방교육을받은경험이있는사람이낙상예방행위를더많이하는것으로나타난 Se [11] 의결과와유사하였다. 계획적행위이론에서의도의예측요인은태도, 주관적규범, 지각된행위통제이다. 이세가지요소는의도에영향을미치고의지와지각된행위통제는다시행위에직접적인영향을미친다 [13]. 본연구결과에의하면대학병원간호사의병원낙상예방활동에대한의도예측을위한분석에서태도와주관적규범이의도에유의한예측요인으로나타났고태도와주관적규범중에서주관적규범이가장유의한예측요인으로나타났다. 그러나지각된행위통제는의도에예측요인으로나타나지않았다. 본연구에서사용한계획적행위이론은인간의복잡한사회적행위를예측함에있어유용한개념적기틀을제공해주는이론이다. 본연구에서주관적규범은병원낙상예방활동을수행하는것과관련하여수간호사나선배간호사와같이병원의중요한사람들의생각을따르려는정도와주변에있는사람들이 26 Nursing & Health Issues

9 병원낙상예방활동수행에대해찬성할것인가에대한요인을조사한것이다. 이는환자안전에중요한간호업무인낙상예방활동의행위를결정하는여러관련요인들을통해낙상예방활동의수행률을높이는데영향을미치는요인이무엇인지필요한근거를제시하였다는점에서의의가있다. 결론적으로대학병원간호사의계획적행위이론과관련된병원낙상예방활동수행에대한분석결과태도와주관적규범이의도에유의한관련요인으로나타났다. 특히태도와주관적규범중에서주관적규범이가장유의한관련요인으로나타났다. 그러나지각된행위통제는의지에관련요인으로나타나지않았다. 또한병원낙상예방활동행위에영향을미치는변수로연령은 35세이상, 근무부서는중환자실에서유의하게나타났다. 계획적행위이론과관련하여의도가가장유의한관련요인으로나타났고지각된행위통제는병원낙상예방활동행위에유의한관련요인으로나타나지않았다. 향후이와관련하여이를높일수있는교육프로그램에기초자료로제공되어병원낙상예방관리가더욱강화되어야할것으로사료된다. 결론 에관한결과를요약하면다음과같다. 병원낙상예방활동수행에대한태도, 주관적규범, 지각된행위통제의의도예측에서주관적규범이가장유의한관련요인으로나타났고태도도유의한관련요인으로나타났고병원낙상예방활동수행행위의관련요인에서의도가중요한관련요인임을확인하였다. 결론적으로, 대학병원간호사의병원낙상예방활동수행정도를높이기위해서계획적행위이론과관련하여가장유의한관련요인이되는주관적규범의향상에영향을주는중요한위치에있는수간호사, 선배간호사와같은직장동료를활용하는교육방식과낙상예방활동에대한태도의향상을위해낙상예방활동의중요성을강조하는교육방식이필요할것으로사료된다. 이상의연구결과를토대로다음과같이제언하고자한다. 첫째, 연구결과의일반화를위하여본연구대상과특성이다른병원의간호사를대상으로반복연구와주관적규범을고려한병원낙상예방교육프로그램제작과그효과검증을위한실험연구를제언한다. 둘째, 병원낙상예방활동수행에대한의도에세변수의설명력은 52.9% 로결과되어나머지비중을차지하는의도의관련요인을파악하고그영향력을분석하는것이필요하겠다. REFERENCES 1. Ruchinsksas R. Clinical prediction of falls in the elderly. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2004;82 (4): Jeon MY, Hyung HC, Choi ME. A study on the elderly patients hospitalized by the fracture from the fall. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2001;31(3): Hendrich A, Nyhuis A, Kippenbrock T, Soja ME. Hospital falls: Development of a predictive model for clinical practice. Applied Nursing Research. 1995;8: Abbot P. Research in patient safety/error reduction. Journal of Hand Surgery. 2003;988: Ministry of Health and Welfare Korea Health Industry Development Institute. Guidelines for hospital evaluation programme. Cheongju: Ministry of Health and Welfare Korea Health Industry Development Institute; Lee IK, Choi JY. Factors associated with nurses' activities for hospital fall Prevention. Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing. 2013;16(1): Kim CG. An analysis of fall incidence rate and its related factors of fall in inpatients. Journal of Korean Society of Quality Assurance in Health Care. 2002;9(2): Kim MS. Perception and influencing factors for patient safety among emergency room nurses [master' thesis]. Ulsan: Industry Technology University; Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes. 1991;50(2): Kim SM. An analysis about the performance of the clinical nurses in nosocomial infection management by applying the theory of planned behavior [master' thesis] Chungnam National University; Se OI. Influence of knowledge attitude on falls prevention activities in patient among university hospital nurse [master' thesis]. Seoul: Public Health University; Sin KR, Sin SJ, Kim JS, Kim JY. The effects of fall prevention program on knowledge, self-efficacy, and preventive activity related to fall and depression of low income elderly women. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2005;35(1): Montano DE, Kasprzyk D, Taplin SH. The theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior. health behavior and health education: Theory, research and practice. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers; p Vol. 23 No. 1,

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