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1 Jurnal f the Krean Ceramic Sciety Vl. 6, N. 5, pp. 78~8, 009. DOI:10.191/KCERS Thermal Shck and Ht Crrsin Resistance f Si Fabricated by Nitrided Pressureless Sintering Kil H Kwak, Chul Kim, In Sub Han*, and Kee Sung Lee Schl f Mechanical and Autmtive Engineering, Kkmin University, Seul 16-70, Krea *Cnvergence Materials Research Center, Krea Institute f Energy Research, Daejen 05-, Krea (Received July 17, 009; Revised August 10, 009; Accepted August 1, 009) y (NPS) w y³ w ü p sƒ ¼yÁ½ Áw *Á» w» œw *w» w l ( ; ; ) ABSTRACT Thermal shck and ht crrsin resistance f silicn nitride ceramics are investigated in this study. Silicn nitrides are fabricated by nitride pressureless sintering (NPS) prcess, which prcess is the cntinuus prcess f nitridatin reactin f Si metal cmbined with subsequent pressureless sintering. The results f thermal shck test shw it sustains 00 MPa f initial strength during test in the designated cnditin f T = 700~5 C up t maximum,800 cycles. Ht crrsin tests als reveal that the strength degradatin f NPS silicn nitride did nt ccur at 700 C with an expsure in Ar, H, Na and K fr 1,75 h. Key wrds : Nitrided Pressureless Sintering(NPS), Silicn nitride, Thermal shck resistancesg Crrsin resistance 1. y³ (Si ) ü, š» p ü, ü p w l, 1-5), ƒ š e,, œ t,, üy e 6) y š. p üy t q ûš ƒ» w k š ù ƒƒ x y š. 7) y³ ƒ û wù y (Nitrided Pressureless Sintering, NPS) m š. y³ (RBSN), š ƒ (HPSN), (PLS), ƒ (GPS) ƒ w e w t š, y³ t p ƒ 1-5,8) w w w e. y Crrespnding authr : Kee Sung Lee keeslee@kkmin.ac.kr Tel : Fax : wù œ w w y³ w p w jš, w y³ ƒ û š p. 9-1),» g w y³ ù 100~ 150 C¾ œ» ü w œ š, z 1800 C¾ w» ü w œ w. ã w y wš š p š ƒ y ƒyw t p ü, ü, š, š y ƒ š. w» ü, ü p w k š, w w y w ƒ w y³ ƒ w, š. y³ degassing pipe rtr assembly ww œ û w» w w t 700 C 78

2 79 ¼yÁ½ Áw Á» w 500~1000 lb y, Na, Ca w š degassing Cl Ar ƒ ƒ š, š, š ƒ yw y w. w n-ff y w w š. 9-1) ƒ Y Al wš, š y³ g (Si) w,, e y NPS(Nitrided Pressureless Sintering) w üy t w» ww» p ƒ w w y³ w z w t degassing pipe rtr assembly y 700 C Ar, H, Na, K ƒ š w w sƒw š, œ» 700 C ¾ j w p sƒ mw w sƒw. 1,1). x.1. r y³ 95% Si ù 1.9%Fe, 1.5%Al, 1.%CaO MgO s³ µm α-si (Saint- Gbain, China, mean particle size µm, purity 95%) w, Si œ ù s g, w 99.9%, s³ 6µm w. ƒ Al Y ƒƒ AKP-50(Sumitm Chemical C. Japan) Fine Grade (H, C, Starck GimbH, Germany) w. w Si 5wt% Y, 5 wt% Al wš g w 5wt%Si yww. yw» ƒ wì 0 yww. z (dispersant), ƒ (plasticizer)» ƒ wì n w ƒ y w.» ƒ p w 65MP000 M000(Matsumt Yushi- Seiyaku C., Japan), DG(, Japan), x R0( œ z, Japan) ƒ w ww. yw (aging) w. MOR barx x» w z n w š œ k k»w w. x w» 150 C w. Table 1 y Table 1. Prcess Cnditins f NPS Si Prcess Pwder preparatin- Sintering additive Frming Sintering Majr cnditins 5wt% Y +5 wt%al +5 wt%si Extrusin methd Nitrided reactin 150 C, 1 H + Pressureless sintering 1800 C, H Table. Materials and Cmpsitins f Screen Printing Paste fr Ht Crrsin Test Index Cmpnent Paste Weight(g) Rati(wt%) Slvent α-terpinel Bnding agent Ethyl cellulse Surfactant Fish il Plasticizer Cating pwder PEG(Plyethylene glycl) DBP(Dibutyl phthalate) Sdium chlride +Ptassium chlride w y³ œ w œ ùkü. y Table 1 1,50 C¾ k z 1 w, y k z þƒ j š 1,800 C w w. œ, œ» ã ƒ w. cutter 0 mm ƒœ w MOR bar w š, w diamnd grinding w... p sƒ..1. š sƒ š p sƒ w Si MOR bar xr t screen printing NaCl(Duksan pure chemical, extra pure, Krea) KCl(Duksan pure chemical, extra pure, Krea) yw gqw. w NaCl, KCl ƒ 1:1 e w š 0 yww. yww Aut sieve w granulatin g. Table ùkü» ƒ w ü NaCl KCl wì y w g w. t ùkü w Ethylcellulse, Fish il, ƒ w wz

3 y (NPS) w y³ w ü p sƒ 80 Fig. 1. A diagram shwing screen printing prcess f NaCl+KCl fr ht crrsin test. Plyethyleneglycl Dibuthylphtalate w š α-terpinel w. w Si xr t screen printing w gqw. Screen mesh j» 00 µm w š rubber squeeze w z sw. gq» s k 0 leveling g š, 100 C 0 ven ü w. w gqœ Fig. 1 ù kü. NaCl KCl yw gqw Si degassing pipe rtr assembly 700 C 91%Ar+%H +5%O ywƒ k z y p y š w. +55 h y g, 1,75 h¾ g. ywƒ 15 cc ü ƒ» w. š ƒ Na, Cl, K xr e y d w š, f w t d w. x v = 0.00 mm/min w q d w w sƒw. t EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrscpy) y w š SEM(Scanning Electrn Micrscpe) w t d w... p sƒ œ 15 C k 700 C 1 w z, chamber l w g, þƒw 1 wš, g 1 heating zne ü w wù j w 100~ 800 Cycle j y g ƒ xr ƒw (Fig. ). ƒw xr x»(instron. Mdel N.5567) w x w w w š w. w w v =0.00 mm/min w r q w d w š, w q w.. š p sƒ xr w NPS Si p Fig.. Experimental schedule f thermal shck test perated at 700 C in air. Table. Physical Prperties f NPS Si Relative density 99% Elngated Grain shape Diameter, 0.5±0.06 µm Length,.5±0. µm Phase analysis result β-phase 100% Table. Mechanical Prperties f NPS Si Mechanical prperties Value Strength, σ F (MPa) 09±16 Hardness, H(GPa) 9.7±0.9 Tughness, T(MPa m 1/ ) 7~8±.0 Table ùkü. t 99% e w š, x ¼ ƒ ¼ β xk, s³ 0.5 µm, s³¼.5 µm. x w x š, β e w ùkü. 9-1) y (Nitrided Pressureless Sintering) w w Si w,, p» p sƒ w 09 MPa t 9.7 GPa sƒ NPS Si»k Si p q sƒ..9~7 MPam 1/ ùkü (Pressureless sintering) š ƒ (Ht press) Si q 1/ 7~8 MPam ùkü (Table ), 6«5y(009)

4 81 ¼yÁ½ Áw Á» Fig.. The weight change f NPS Si befre and after ht crrsin. w q w w g, x x w brittlew ring ³ j ³ quasi-ductilew damage x j p x šw. 1) ü w w w j ³ w y j (quasi-ductile damage) x k, t w k». 15,16) Screen printing w xr t NaCl +KCl mg/cm w gqw z š 55 ƒ g xr d w. 700 C Ar+H +O k z ƒ d w w xr t w ƒ ù Cl»y w wƒ ù. Fig. š (after cating), z(after crrsin) ƒ xr 5 s³w r wì v l ùkü. 00 ¾ xw xr wš l t r ü š z yƒ ù š, y ƒ š w, š ƒw y ƒ ù š w yƒ ù gq ü sw Cl»y w ù dw. Fig. š y š w. x w ƒ w xr ƒ 5 w š, w xr t w» w t sw z desiccatr Fig.. Fracture strengths as a functin f ht crrsin time at 700 C in Ar+H +O gas. Fig. 5. Fracture strengths as a functin f thermal shck cycles at 700 C in air. ü w. xr 1,75 xr wì w s ƒ ww. sƒ ww, 700 C g» w w x ù, 1,75 š ƒ y³ ƒ ƒw. Fig C ¾,800z¾ ƒw z» w w» w w ùkü. v,800z¾ T = C w y x ù. y w y³ w degassing pipe rtr assembly ¾ w w y. w wz

5 질화상압(NPS)법으로 제조한 질화규소의 열충격 저항성 및 내부식성 특성평가 8 에 노출된 시간보다 작기 때문에 충분한 고온산화가 일 어나지 않아 강도향상은 일어나지 않은 것으로 생각된다. Fig. 7에 고온부식환경에 최대 175시간 노출된 시험편 의 표면과 측면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 사진을 나 타내었다. 그 결과 고온부식조건에서 장시간 노출된 시험 편의 경우, 고온에서 장시간 유지한데 기인하여 재소결현 상이 일어나 소결 밀도가 증가하였음을 알 수 있고 특히 측면고찰 결과 표면에 기공이 거의 없는 치밀한 층이 형 성되었음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 밀도 증가와 치밀층의 형성으로 강도향상에 기 인한 것으로 생각된다. Fig. 6. EDS analysis f NPS Si N (a) befre and (b) after ht crrsin.. 결 론 본 연구에서는 비철금속 용해로용 고온내화부품, 예를 들면 degassing pipe와 rtr assembly의 사용재료로서의 사용을 위해 질화상압소결법으로 소결된 질화규소를 제 조하고, 이의 열충격 저항성과 고온부식 저항성을 평가하 였다. 그 결과 부품의 사용온도인 700 C와 부식조건인 Na, K, Ar, H 가스 노출 조건 하에서 강도저하는 일어나지 않 는 것으로 평가되었다. 이는 질화상압법으로 소결된 질화 규소의 치밀한 밀도, 고온내화부품으로서 사용되기에 적 절한 열적, 기계적 특성을 갖고 있기 때문으로 생각된다. 고온에서 1,75시간 노출 시 오히려 강도가 증가하는 결 과를 보였는데 이는 고온에서 산소가스와의 산화반응에 의해 치밀한 SiO 층이 표면에 형성되어 표면에 형성된 결함을 보호해주고 700 C에서 장시간 노출이 질화규소의 치밀화를 보다 촉진한데 기인하는 것으로 분석되었다. Fig. 7. SEM micrstructures f surface and side surfaces f NPS Si N (a) befre (b) after ht crrsin fr 175 h. 그 이유를 고찰하기 위해 EDS(energy dispersive spectrscpy) 조성분석을 통해 고온부식조건에서 장시간 노출된 시험편 및 열충격에 노출된 시험편의 조성의 성분변화를 고찰하였다. 그 결과 열충격에 노출된 시험편의 조성은 열충격에 노출되지 않은 시험편의 조성과 유사함이 관찰 되었다. 반면 고온부식에 노출된 시험편의 경우 1,75시 간 부식된 시험편에 존재하는 산소량이 많은 것으로 분 석되었다(Fig. 6). 즉 1,75시간 노출된 시험편의 표면에 산소성분이 많이 검출되었으며, 이는 SiO 가 표면에 형성 되었음을 유추할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 비철금속 용해 로와의 모사조건 형성을 위해 Ar과 H 의 부식성 가스와 함께 O 산소를 흘려주었으며 그 결과 고온부식 환경 하 에서 NPS-Si N 의 표면의 산화가 일어나 형성되는 산화 층에 의해 재소결 현상에 의해 밀도가 증가하여 Fig. 에 서와 같이 오히려 강도가 증가한 것으로 분석되었다. 반 면 열충격의 경우, 고온에서 노출된 누적시간이 고온부식 Acknwledgment 본 논문은 009년도 국민대학교 교내 연구비의 지원으 로 수행되었으며, 이에 감사드립니다. REFERENCES 1. F. F. Lange, Fracture Tughness f Si N as a Functin f the Initial a-phase Cntent, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., [7-8] 8-0 (1979).. G. Wötting and G. Ziegler, Influence f Pwder Prperties and Prcessing Cndictins n Micrstructure and Mechanical Prperteis f Sintered Si N, Ceram. Int., [1] 18- (198).. M. Mitm and S. Uensn, Micrstructural Develpment During Gas Pressure Sintering f a-silicn Nitride, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., [1] 10-8 (199).. S. K. Lee, K. S. Lee, and B. R. Lawn, Effect f Starting Pwder n Damage Resistance f Silicn Nitrides, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., [8] (1998). 5. S. K. Lee, J. D. Mrreti, M. J. Readey, and B. R. Lawn, 제 6 권 제 5호(009)

6 8 ¼yÁ½ Áw Á» Thermal Shck Resistance f Silicn Nitrides, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 85 [1] (00). 6. H. Huang, K. J. Winchester, A. Suvrva, B. R. Lawn, Y. Liu, X. Z. Hu, J. M. Dell, and L. Farane, Effect f Depsitin Cnditins n Mechanical Prperties f Lw-Temperature PECVD Silicn Nitride Films, Mater. Sci. & Eng., A (006). 7. W. Y. Park, D. S. Park, H. D. Kim, and B. D. Han, Sintering and Mechanical Prperties f Silicn Nitride Prepared with a Lw-cst Silicn Nitride Pwder(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 8 [11] (001). 8. B. T. Lee and H. D. Kim, Micrstructure and Fracture Characteristic f Reactin-Sintered Si -TiN Cmpsite(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., [6] (1996). 9. S. H. Chen, I. S. Han, Y. H. Chung, D. W. Se, S. Lee, K. S. Hng, and S. K. W, Preparatin and Prperties f Silicn Nitride Ceramics by Nitrided Pressureless Sintering (NPS) Prcess(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., 1 [1] (00). 10. I. S. Han, S. H. Chen, Y. H. Jung, D. W. Se, S. Lee, K. S. Hng, and S. K. W, Oxidatin Behavir f Si by the Nitrided Pressureless Sintering(in Krean), J. Kr. Ceram. Sc., [1] 6-8 (005). 11. I. S. Han, D. W. Se, S. Y. Kim, K. S. Hng, G. H. Guahk, and K. S. Lee Prperties f Silicn Nitride fr Aluminum Melts Prepared by Nitrided Pressureless Sintering, J. Eur. Ceram. Sc., (008). 1. K. H. Guahk, I. S. Han, and K. S. Lee, Strength Degradatin frm Hertzian Cntact Damages in Nitrided Pressureless Sintered Silicn Nitride Ceramics, Inter. J. Md. Phys. B., [9/11] (008). 1. S. K. W, I. S. Han, G. G. Ri, S. C. Park, K. Ch, and B, K. Jang, Ht Crrsitn Behavir f Silicn Nitride-Bnded Silicn Carbide, J. Ceram. Sc. Japan, 109 [1] -8 (001). 1. K. S. Lee, I. S. Han, D. W. Se, and S. K. W, Strength Degradatin f Silicn Carbide Ht Gas Filter in the Simulated PFBC Cnditin, Key Eng. Mater (005). 15. B. R. Lawn, S. K. Lee, I. M. Petersn, and S. Wuttiphan, Mdel f Strength Degradatin frm Hertzian Cntact Damage in Tugh Ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 81 [6] (1998). 16. B. R. Lawn, Indentatin f Ceramics with Spheres : A Century After Hertz, J. Am. Ceram. Sc., 81 [8] (1998). w wz

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