ISSN (Online) Commun Sci Disord 2016;21(2): Original Article Inference of Word Meaning in Accord

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "ISSN (Online) Commun Sci Disord 2016;21(2): Original Article Inference of Word Meaning in Accord"

Transcription

1 ISSN (Online) Commun Sci Disord 2016;21(2): Original Article Inference of Word Meaning in Accordance with Definition Presentation and Context Presentation for Children with Borderline Intellectual Functioning Eunji Kim a, Mina Hwang b, Sunhee Ko a a Department of Speech Language Pathology, Graduate School, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea b Department of Special Education, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea Correspondence: Sunhee Ko, PhD Department of Speech Language Pathology, Graduate School, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin 16890, Korea Tel: Fax: sun7610@hanmail.com Received: April 1, 2016 Revised: May 10, 2016 Accepted: May 20, 2016 Objectives: This research studied if children with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) showed a difference in performance compared to normal children when processing word meanings with a presented definition and a presented context. Methods: The subjects included 10 children with BIF and 10 normal children. The children were asked to choose one sentence among 3 options which included a nonword used the same meaning with the target sentence after reading target sentences with nonwords. Subsequently, the target sentences were divided into two conditions: presenting the definition directly and presenting a context from which the nonword s meaning could be inferred. Results: Children with BIF performed significantly lower than normal children when they processed nonword meanings. And while normal children performed evenly regardless of conditions, children with BIF showed significantly poorer performance when presented with a context for meaning rather than a definition. In addition, when analyzing types of errors children with BIF chose the sentence unrelated to the meaning of the nonword used in the target sentence more often than normal children. Conclusion: Children with BIF struggle with acquiring the meaning of new words, especially when it is necessary to infer that meaning through context. They require intervention to improve this skill. Keywords: Borderline intellectual functioning, Inference of word meaning, Context 정신장애진단및통계편람 DSM-Ⅳ (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) 에의하면경계선지능이란지능지수가 70 이상 85 미만인경우를말하며, 전체인구의 12% 가이에해당된다 (Dunham, Schrader, & Dunham, 2000). 특히, 경계선급지능아동들의경우드물지않게일반학급에배치되어있으나이들은지적장애나단순언어장애의진단기준에부합되지않기때문에부모나교사들역시이들의문제를인지하지못하는경우가많고, 이로인해적절한진단및중재에서도배제되기쉽다. 그러나경계선급지능아동들이고학년으로올라갈수록일반아동들에비해고차원적인언어습득에어려움을보이며, 읽기및쓰기의저조한수행때문에학습부진으로분류되기도한다 (Lim & Hwang, 2006). 일반적으로경계선급지능아동들은생의초기에일반아동들 과유사한발달을보이며, 기본적인의사소통에있어크게어려움을보이지않는것으로보고된다 (Jung & Lee, 2005; Yu, Jeong, & Kim, 2007). 하지만이들은연령이증가함에따라, 점차적으로추상적인개념을이해하고습득하는데지체를보이고 (Singh, 2004), 상위인지능력의결함으로추론이나논리적인사고를통해새로운개념을이해하고적용하는데일반아동에비해많은시간과노력이필요하며, 일반화를이끌어내기위해이전에배운정보와새로운정보를통합하는데도어려움을보이게된다 (Cooter & Cooter, 2004; Jensen, 1998; Verguts & De Boeck, 2001). 이같은이들의인지및언어적인특성을고려한다면, 경계선급지능아동들이새로운어휘를습득하는데도저조함을보일것으로예측할수있다. 어휘는개인의인지능력을구성하는핵심요소이며 (Lee, 1997), 학령기아동의읽기이해능력및학업성취를가 Copyright 2016 Korean Academy of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 경계선급지능아동의정의제시조건과문맥제시조건에따른비단어의미추론특성 김은지외 장잘예측해주는요인중하나이다 (Kurdek & Sinclair, 2001; Kim & Hwang, 2008; Kim, Yoo, Hwang, Kim, & Koh, 2010). 학령전기아동들은구어를기반으로하여어휘를확장해나가는반면, 학령기아동들은다양한읽기경험을통해광범위한어휘들에노출되면서기하급수적으로어휘를확장해나가는특징이있다 (Cain, Oakhill, & Lemmon, 2004; Cunningham & Stanovich, 1998; Nagy, Herman, & Anderson, 1985; Nagy & Herman, 1987; Sternberg, 1987). 이렇듯어휘력이학령기아동들의학습에서중요한역할을하지만학령기경계선급지능아동은일반아동에비해연령이증가할수록어휘력의지체가두드러지며 (Jung & Lee, 2008), 언어사용경험의부족과관련된배경지식의제한으로인해일반아동보다낮은어휘력을보인다 (Lee & Choi, 2011). 또한이들의인지적결함은언어의구문론적, 화용론적측면에영향을주어새로운어휘를습득하는능력, 이미알고있는어휘와새로운어휘를구분하는능력, 필요한어휘를회상하는능력, 상황에맞게어휘를사용하여대화하는능력등에영향을미칠수있다 (Son, 2003). 결론적으로, 학령기아동의어휘습득의어려움은고차원적인언어처리와읽기이해, 더나아가학업성취를저해하는주요한요인이될수있기때문에이들의어휘습득에관심을갖고연구하는것은매우중요하다할수있다. 경계선급아동들의의미처리특성을알아본선행연구들을보면다음과같다. 경계선급지능아동들이관용어를이해할때문맥을활용하기는하나일반아동들에비해덜능숙하며, 관용어의함축적인의미보다문자적인정보를활용하여해석하려는경향을보인다고하였고 (Kim, 2015), 중의어의미처리를알아본연구에서는그의미를처리하는속도가상대적으로느렸으며, 특히문맥단서가주어진다하더라도우세의미보다열세의미를처리할때정확도가저조한것으로나타났다. 이같은결과를토대로볼때, 경계선급지능아동들은문맥을활용하여의미를습득하거나처리하는과정에서전반적으로일반아동들에비해저조함을확인할수있다 (Yoo, 2016). 아동들이어휘를습득하기위해서크게두가지의전략을사용한다. 먼저, 새로운어휘가사용된문맥을통해그의미를추론하는방법인데, 이때문맥은단어의음운론적, 구문론적, 의미론적규칙과같은언어적지식뿐만아니라문맥속에서단어가어떻게사용되는지에대한모든정보를포함한다. 문맥을통해어휘를습득하는것은, 어휘가사용된언어적문맥속에서단서를찾아내고, 그단서들과자신의어휘지식, 경험등과같은배경지식을활용하여의미를추론하는과정이필요하며 (Sternberg, 1987), 무엇보다새로운어휘의적절한쓰임에대한예시를배움으로써그의미를일반화하 여사용할가능성을높여준다는이점이있다 (Amirian & Momeni, 2012; Chen, Wang, & Yang, 2014). 어휘를습득하는또다른방법은새로운어휘의정의를통해그의미를습득하는방법으로, 어휘의정확한의미와동의어를습득하는데용의하고, 이는새로운어휘의의미를직접적으로개념화할수있다는장점이있기때문에특히학령기어휘력확장에중요한역할을하게된다 (Amirian & Momeni, 2012). Pressley, Levin 그리고 McDaniel (1987) 과 Biemiller (2006) 또한단어의의미를분명하게가르치는것이단어목록을증가시키는효과적인방법이라고논한바있으며, 학령전기아동들은교과과정중에고급어휘를접하게되는기회가많기에이때유용하게사용하는전략이될수있다고하였다. 선행연구들을고찰한것을바탕으로본연구에서는학령기경계선급지능아동의어휘학습특성을밝히고자, 새로운단어의의미를추론할수있는문맥을제시하는조건과새로운단어의정의를제시하는조건에서경계선급지능아동들이단어의의미를처리하는데있어일반아동들과차이가있는지를조사하였다. 또한아동들이오반응을보였을때오류를보이는유형에차이가있는지를알아보았다. 문맥과정의를통한어휘습득모두유용한전략이지만앞서언급한바와같이경계선급지능아동은문맥속에포함된단서를활용하고자신이가진정보들을새로운정보와통합하고추론하는데어려움이있기때문에정의를통한어휘습득보다문맥을통한어휘습득에더어려움을보일것으로예측할수있다. 연구방법연구대상본연구는경계선급아동 10명과언어연령을일치시킨일반아동 10명을대상으로하였으며구체적인선정기준은다음과같다. 경계선지능아동의선정기준은 (1) 한국-웩슬러아동지능검사 (Korean-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III, K-WISC-III; Kwak, Park, & Kim, 2001) 결과경계선지능 (IQ 70-84) 범주에속하고, (2) 수용 표현어휘력검사 (Receptive & Expressive Vocabulary Test, REVT; Kim, Hong, Kim, Jang, & Lee, 2009) 에서수용어휘와표현어휘가 8-9세평균의 ±1 SD 범주에속하면서, (3) 구문의미이해력검사 (Pae, Lim, Lee, & Jang, 2004) 에서 8-9세의평균의 ±1 SD 범주에속하고, (4) 읽기성취검사및읽기인지처리능력검사 (Test of Reading Achievement and Reading Cognitive Processes Ability, RA-RCP; Kim, Kim, Hwang, & Yoo, 2014) 의 읽기이해성취검사 에서학년대비 16%ile 이상으로읽기이해에어려움이없으며, (5) 감각장애나신경학적손상을수반하지않는아동으로선정 263

3 Eunji Kim, et al. Inference Word Meaning of Children with Borderline Intelligence Table 1. Participants characteristics 하였다. 일반아동의선정기준은 (1) K-WISC-III 지능검사에서정상 (IQ 85 이상 ) 범주에속하고, (2) REVT 검사에서수용어휘와표현어휘 수준이 8-9 세평균의 ±1 SD 범주에속하면서, (3) 구문의미이해력 검사에서구문이해가 8-9 세평균의 ±1 SD 범주에속하고, (4) 읽 기성취검사및읽기인지처리능력검사의 읽기이해성취검사 에 서학년대비 16%ile 이상으로읽기이해에어려움이없으며, (5) 감 각장애나신경학적손상을수반하지않는아동으로선정하였다. 경계선지능아동집단과일반아동집단의선정기준에서있어 유의한차이가있는지살펴보기위해독립표본 t- 검정을실시하였 다. 그결과지능에서집단간유의한차이를보인것 (t = , p<.001) 외에, 생활연령, REVT 수용어휘및표현어휘, 구문의미이 해력검사에서는유의한차이가나타나지않았다. 두집단의기본 정보및 t- 검정결과는 Table 1 과같다. 실험도구제작 BIF (N = 10) NC (N = 10) t Age (yr) 9.46 (.88) 8.90 (.63) IQ a (3.85) (6.22) * Receptive vocabulary b (4.87) (4.30) Expressive vocabulary b (5.30) (4.27) Sentence comprehension c (2.36) (2.36) Values are presented as mean (SD). BIF= borderline intellectual functioning; NC= normal children. a Korean-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (Kwak, Park, & Kim, 2001), b Receptive & Expressive Vocabulary Test (Kim, Hong, Kim, Jang, & Lee, 2009), c Korean Sentence Comprehension Test (Pae, Lim, Lee, & Jang, 2004). *p <.001. 본과제는새로운단어의의미를처리하는과제로, 아동이비단 어가포함된목표문장을읽으면서문장내포함된단서들을활용 하여비단어의의미를확인한후, 같은비단어가포함된 3 개의보기 문장중에서목표문장에서사용된비단어의의미와같은의미로 사용된문장을고르는방식이다. 이때목표문장은정의제시조건 과문맥제시조건으로구분되며, 각조건은 12 개의문항으로구성 되었다. 정의제시조건은목표문장이비단어의의미를직접적으로 설명하는방식으로진술되는반면, 문맥제시조건은목표문장이 비단어가실제로그의미에맞게사용되는예시형태로제시된다. 이같은실험문항을제작하기위하여우선적으로비단어와비 단어의의미를선정하였고, 그비단어가포함된각조건의목표문 장을제작하였으며, 마지막으로각각의목표문장에대한 3 개의보 기문장을제작하였다. 그제작과정은다음과같다. 실험에사용되는비단어는복잡한음절구조를제외하고, 실제단어에서빈번하게나타나는 CVCV, CVCVC, CVCCV 구조의 2 음절로총 24개를선정하였다. 비단어의개별의미는일상생활에존재하는구체적인명사이기는하나, 하나의대상으로국한되기보다는같은속성을갖는여러개의대상으로추론될수있도록하였다. 또한비단어를제외하고목표문장과보기문장에서사용된모든단어들은아동이이미알고있는단어들이어야하기때문에 Kim (2003) 의 등급별국어교육용어휘 에서 1등급, 2등급에해당하는단어이면서초등학교교과서에포함된단어들만을사용하였다. 실험에사용된목표문장과보기문장은문장의통사적길이와복잡성을통제하기위해 4-6어절로제한하여제작하였다. 또한, 각조건의목표문장에는아동의비단어의미를추론할수있도록하는세가지의단서를포함하도록하였다. 예를들면, 정의제시조건의목표문장인 뽀디는봄에피는꽃입니다 에서 뽀디 라는비단어의의미를추론할수있는세가지단서로 봄, 피다, 꽃 을사용하였으며, 문맥제시조건의목표문장인 봄에뽀디가피면향기가납니다 에서는세가지단서로 봄, 피다, 향기 를사용하였다. 이때비단어추론을위해사용되는단서들을두제시조건에서최대한동일하게하고자하였는데, 대응되는두제시조건의목표문장에서세가지의단서중두가지 ( 예 : 봄 과 피다 ) 는두제시조건에서동일하게사용되었고, 각조건에알맞게자연스러운문장을만들고자한가지의단서는두조건에서다르게사용되었다. 이때두조건에서달리사용된하나의단서로정의제시조건에서는상위범주어 ( 예 : 꽃 ) 를, 문맥제시조건에서는비단어의의미를추론할수있는추가적인단서 ( 예 : 향기 ) 를제시하였다. 이같은조건은모든문항에서동일하게적용하였다. 더불어, 각각의목표문장마다 3개의보기문장을제작하였는데, 보기에는목표문장과같은의미로사용된비단어가포함된문장 ( 이하정답문장 ), 목표문장에서사용한비단어의의미는아니지만관련이있는의미로사용된문장 ( 이하관련있는문장 ), 마지막은목표문장에서사용한비단어의의미와전혀관련이없는의미로사용된문장 ( 이하관련없는문장 ) 으로구성된다. 보기문장중정답문장은목표문장에서사용된세가지단서가중복적으로사용되지않으며, 비단어의의미와관련된두가지의다른의미단서가포함되도록하였다. 예를들면 화분에있던뽀디가시들었습니다 로두조건의목표문장에사용된단서인 봄, 피다, 꽃, 향기 와중복되지않는 화분, 시들다 라는두가지단서를포함하고있다. 보기문장중관련있는문장에사용된비단어의의미는목표문장에서사용된비단어의의미와같은범주에속하지만, 기능이유사하지않은의미로선정하였다. 예를들어 뽀디에열린사과를땄습 264

4 경계선급지능아동의정의제시조건과문맥제시조건에따른비단어의미추론특성 김은지외 니다. 문장에서 뽀디 의의미는 나무 로목표문장의비단어의의미인 꽃 과같은범주에속하여연관이있는의미가된다. 또한, 선택문장중관련없는문장에사용된비단어의의미는목표문장에사용된비단어의미와는다른범주에속하며, 기능또한유사하지않은의미로선정하였다. 예를들어 날짜를보려고뽀디를넘겼습니다. 에서 뽀디 는 달력 을의미하여목표문장에사용된비단어의의미인 꽃 과는같은범주에도속하지않고, 기능또한확연히다른것이다. 이와같은과제제작과정을거쳐제작된정의제시조건과문맥제시조건의예시문항은 Appendix 1과같다. 과제제작기준에따라 1차적으로과제를제작한후, 과제가적절한지를알아보고자경계선급지능아동 3명과일반아동 3명을대상으로예비실험을실시하였고결과에따라문장의길이, 친숙성, 난이도를조정하였다. 이후 2급언어재활사자격증을소지하고, 3년이상의임상경력이있는언어재활사 5명에게선정된비단어의형태와의미가적절한지, 목표문장과선택문장이기준에맞게제작되었는지를알아보고자타당도검사를실시하였다. 그결과대부분타당한것으로나타났으나비단어중실제단어와지나치게비슷하다고보고된 2개의비단어를수정하였고, 목표문장과보기문장에서부적절하다고보고된문장은부분적으로수정 보완하여최종과제를완성하였다. 연구절차각조건당 24문항씩총 48문항을제작하였으나두조건에서같은의미의비단어를사용하였기때문에아동에게동일한의미의비단어가포함된문장이중복되어제시되는것을피하기위하여각조건을 12문항씩 A, B세트로나누어, 각집단아동들의반은정의제시조건 A세트와맥락제시조건 B세트를, 나머지아동들은정의제시조건 B세트와맥락제시조건 A세트를수행하도록하였다. 이때각세트내의문항들은무작위로배치하여순서효과를배제하였다. 본실험은조용한교실이나치료실, 가정에서아동과개별적으로실시하였다. 지능검사와언어검사 (REVT, 구문의미이해력검사 ), 읽기이해검사 (RA-RCP) 를먼저실시하였으며, 5분간휴식후비단어의미추론과제를실시하였다. 본과제실시에앞서연습문항을실시함으로써아동들이과제에익숙해질수있도록하였고, 과제를실시할때아동들에게목표문장과선택문장을소리내어읽도록요구한후답을고르도록하였다. 자료분석및처리정의제시조건과문맥제시조건에서정반응 1점, 오반응 0점으로 처리하여각조건당총점은 12 점이었다. 각각의아동에대한정반 응수를계산하고, 오반응에대해서는오류유형을분석하였다. 경계선지능아동집단과일반아동집단간정의제시조건과문 맥제시조건에따른단어의미추론에차이가있는지를알아보고 자집단 (2) 조건 (2) 의이원분산분석 (two-way ANOVA) 을실시하 였다. 또한, 단어의미추론과제에서나타난오류유형을알아보기 위해기술통계를실시하였다. 자료의통계처리는 SPSS ver 을 사용하였다. 연구결과 경계선급지능아동과일반아동의단어의미추론비교 기술통계결과를살펴보면, 경계선급지능아동들의경우비단 어의의미를추론하는데있어일반아동들에비해저조한수행을 보였으며, 일반아동들의경우제시조건과상관없이그수행이유 사한데반해경계선급지능아동들은정의제시조건에서보다문 맥제시조건에서저조한수행을보이는것으로나타났다. 경계선 지능아동과일반아동의두조건에따른비단어의미추론에대한 기술통계결과는 Table 2 와같다. 경계선지능아동집단과일반아동집단간제시조건에따라비 단어의의미처리에차이가있는지를알아보고자이원분산분석 (mixed two-way ANOVA) 을실시하였다. 그결과집단간주효과 가유의미하였고 (F(1, 18) = , p<.001), 제시조건간주효과가 유의미하였으며 (F(1, 18) = 5.184, p <.05), 제시조건 집단의상호작 용효과역시유의미한것으로나타났다 (F(1, 18) = 7.056, p<.05). 이 는경계선지능아동과일반아동이비단어의미추론수행에차이 가있음을보여주고, 비단어의의미를추론함에있어목표문장의 제시조건이두집단에다르게영향을미친것으로해석할수있다. 이원분산분석에대한결과는 Table 3 과같다. 집단과제시조건의상호작용을설명하기위하여각집단별로정 의제시조건과문맥제시조건에따른 t- 검정을실시한결과, 경계선 지능아동은정의제시조건과문맥제시조건간에유의한차이 (t = 2.751, p<.05) 가나타났으나, 일반아동은두조건간에유의한 차이가나타나지않았다. 이를통해, 일반아동은두조건에서단어 Table 2. Descriptive statistics of word meaning processing task by groups BIF (N = 10) NC (N = 10) Definition presentation condition 8.50 (1.43) (.94) Context presentation condition 7.20 (1.47) (1.03) Values are presented as mean (SD). BIF= borderline intellectual functioning; NC= normal children

5 Eunji Kim, et al. Inference Word Meaning of Children with Borderline Intelligence Table 3. Result of two-way ANOVA by group and condition Table 4. Frequency and percentage of error type by groups Source Between group Group Error Within group Condition Condition Group Error Type III sum of squares df Mean square F p-value *** *.016* Error type M (SD) BIF (N = 10) NC (N = 10) Percentage (%) M (SD) Percentage (%) Relevant sentence 5.80 (1.68) (1.63) Irrelevant sentence 2.50 (2.12) (.63) 8.00 Total 8.30 (2.49) (1.84) 100 BIF= borderline intellectual functioning; NC= normal children. *p <.05, ***p <.001. 의미추론수행에차이가없었지만, 경계선지능아동은두조건중문맥제시조건에서단어의미를추론하는데더어려움을보인것을알수있다. 경계선지능아동과일반아동의단어의미추론오류유형경계선지능아동과일반아동의단어의미추론에대한오류유형별빈도및백분율은 Table 4와같다. 오류빈도분석결과경계선지능아동은단어의미추론과제에서평균 8.30 (SD = 2.49) 개의오류를보여일반아동의평균 2.50 (SD =1.84) 개와비교하여오반응빈도가더높았다. 두집단의오류유형을살펴보면, 경계선지능아동은전체오류중관련있는문장을선택한오류가평균 5.80 (SD =1.68) 개로백분율이 69.88% 였으며, 일반아동은 2.30 (SD =1.63) 개로전체오류중 92.00% 로나타났다. 전체오류중관련없는문장을선택한오류가경계선지능아동은평균 2.50 (SD = 2.12) 개로백분율이 30.12% 였으며, 일반아동은 0.2 (SD = 0.63) 개로백분율이 8.00% 로나타났다. 논의및결론본연구는아동들에게 ( 경계선급지능아동, 일반아동 ) 비단어의의미를개념화할수있도록정의제시조건과문맥제시조건의문장을제시하였고비단어의의미를개념화한후보기문장에서비단어가같은의미로사용된문장을고르도록함으로써경계선급지능아동들의단어습득특성을밝히고자하였다. 또한아동들이오류를보인문장에대하여그오답유형을분석함으로써경계선급지능아동들의수행이일반아동들과다른양상을보이는지를조사하였다. 이같은연구의결과를바탕으로다음과같이논의하고자한다. 첫째, 경계선급지능아동이단어의미처리과제에서언어연령을일치시킨일반아동보다통계적으로유의하게낮은점수를얻어새로운단어의의미를추론및개념화하는데있어일반아동들에비 해저조한수행을보였음을알수있다. 본연구의과제는목표문장을읽으면서단어의의미를추론및개념화하고, 보기문장들을읽으면서목표문장에서쓰인비단어의의미와같은의미로사용된문장을선택하게되는데이과정에서복잡한인지적인처리가요구된다. 이같은과정에서경계선급지능아동들은두드러진언어문제를동반하지않았음에도인지적인처리의비효율성으로인해일반아동들보다더많은오류를보인것으로해석할수있다. 이는선행연구들에서경계선급지능아동들이언어적문맥을이해하고정보를통합하고일반화하는데어려움을보인다고보고한것과일치하는결과이다 (Jensen, 1998; Lee & Choi, 2011; Masi, Marcheschi, & Pfanner, 1998; Verguts & De Boeck, 2001). 둘째, 일반아동의경우목표문장에서정의를제시하는조건과문맥을제시하는조건에따라크게영향을받지않고일관된수행을보인반면경계선급지능아동들의경우목표문장의비단어제시조건에따라단어의의미추론에유의한차이를보였다. 이같은결과로보아일반아동들과달리경계선급지능아동들이정의제시조건보다문맥제시조건에서단어의미를추론하는데더어려움을보인다는것을알수있다. 문맥제시조건은그의미를추론할수있는단서를포함하고있어아동들이이를활용하여의미를추론하고개념화해야하는반면정의하기는 ~ 은 ~ 이다 의구문을사용하여비단어의의미를구체적으로설명하고있기때문에있는대로의의미를기억하여문항을처리하면된다. 결과적으로, 각각의조건에서요구되는비단어의의미처리과정의차이로인해경계선급지능아동들의경우두조건에서수행차이를보인것으로해석할수있다. Amirian과 Momeni (2012) 에의하면문맥을통해단어를습득하는것이단어지식뿐만아니라문맥속에서단어가사용되는정보를습득할수있으며, 하나의단어를여러문맥에서접함으로써그의미를일반화할수있다고하였다. 또한학령기에접어들면많은단어들에수시로노출이되기때문에그단어들의정의를찾아의미를습득하는데에는한계가있어문맥을통한단어의의미습득전략은학령기아동들의어휘확장에대단히중요한기술이라할수있다 (Amirian & Momeni, 2012; Chen et al., 2014; 266

6 경계선급지능아동의정의제시조건과문맥제시조건에따른비단어의미추론특성 김은지외 Sternberg, 1987). 그러나본연구의결과에서처럼경계선급지능아동들은문맥을활용하여새로운단어의의미를추론하는데상대적으로어려움을보이기때문에이것이연령이증가할수록이들의어휘력지체가두드러지는원인으로작용할수있겠다 (Jung & Lee, 2008). 이같은결과는문맥을활용한의미추론이요구되는중의어와관용어의의미를이해할때저조한수행을보였다는선행연구의결과들과맥을같이한다 (Kim, 2015; Yoo, 2016) 셋째, 단어의미처리과제에서오류에대하여그유형을분석하였는데일반아동과경계선급지능아동모두목표문장에서사용된비단어의의미와관련이있는오답을고르는경향을보였다. 그러나눈에띄는점은일반아동들의경우목표문장에서사용된비단어와전혀관련이없는오답을고르는확률이매우낮은데비해경계선지능아동은관련없는문장을선택한비율이일반아동에비해높게나타났다는점이다. 일반적으로새로운단어에노출되었을때단번에그단어의의미를완전하게습득하지못한다할지라도그단어의일부의속성들을습득하고이후반복적인노출을통해점차적으로어휘지식을확장해나감으로써단어의의미를개념화하게된다 (Amirian & Momeni, 2012). 일반아동들은오답을고르더라도비단어의의미와관련이있는문장을선택함으로써새로운단어의일부의미를습득할가능성이높을것으로예측되나경계선급아동들은이조차도실패하는확률이높아관련이없는보기문장을고르는빈도가높았던것으로짐작할수있다. 위의연구결과를종합해보면, 경계선지능아동은문맥을활용하여단어의의미를습득하는데어려움이있고, 이같은어려움은학령기에접어들면서읽기이해및학습에부정적인영향을미칠수있다. 따라서경계선급지능아동들의어휘를중재할때정의하기방식을활용하는것이유리할수는있겠으나일상생활에서우연적으로새로운단어를접할때마다사용할수있는전략이아니라는단점을감안했을때궁극적으로는이들이문맥을활용하여어휘의의미를습득할수있도록중재하는것이주요할것으로생각된다. 본연구는어휘와읽기이해에어려움이보이지않는학령기경계선급지능아동을대상으로하여이들의의미습득의어려움을밝혔다는점에서의미가있다. 경계선급지능아동들의경우다른장애와달리학령기에접어들어서도이들의문제가확인되지않아적절한중재시기를놓칠수있기에후속연구들을통해이들의언어및학습특성을자세히밝히는것은임상적으로의의가있을것이다. REFERENCES American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition text revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: Author. Amirian, S. M. R., & Momeni, S. (2012). Definition-based versus contextualized vocabulary learning. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2, Biemiller, A. (2006). Vocabulary development and instruction: a prerequisite for school learning. In D. K. Dikinson & S. B. Neuman (Eds.), Handbook of early literacy research (2nd ed., pp ). New York: Guilford Press. Cain, K., Oakhill, J., & Lemmon, K. (2004). Individual differences in the inference of word meanings from context: the influence of reading comprehension, vocabulary knowledge, and memory capacity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, Chen, S., Wang, L., & Yang, Y. (2014). Acquiring concepts and features of novel words by two types of learning: direct mapping and inference. Neuropsychologia, 56, Cooter, K. S., & Cooter, R. B. (2004). One size doesn t fit all: slow learners in the reading classroom. The Reading Teacher, 57, Cunningham, A. E., & Stanovich, K. E. (1998). What reading does for the mind? American Educator, 22, Dunham, M. D., Schrader, M. P., & Dunham, K. S. (2000). Vocational rehabilitation outcomes of adults with co-morbid borderline IQ and specific learning disabilities. Journal of Rehabilitation, 66, Jensen, A. R. (1998). The g factor: the science of mental ability. Westport, CT: Praeger. Jung, H. J., & Lee, J. Y. (2005). The analysis on the cognitive, behavior characteristics of the borderline intellectual functioning children. Korean Journal of Child Welfare, 3, Jung, H. J., & Lee, J. Y. (2008). The characteristics of borderline intellectual functioning children. Korean Journal of Special Education, 42, Kim, A. H., & Hwang, M. (2008). Prediction of reading skills in upper elementary students. Korean Journal of Communication Disorders, 13, Kim, A. H., Kim, U. J., Hwang, M., & Yoo, H. S. (2014). Test of Reading Achievement and Reading Cognitive Processes (RA-RCP). Seoul: Hakjisa. Kim, A. H., Yoo, H. S., Hwang, M., Kim, U. J., & Koh, S. R. (2010). Prediction of reading comprehension in elementary school students. Korean Journal of Communication Disorders, 15, Kim, K. H. (2003). Grade level vocabulary list. Seoul: Pagijung

7 Eunji Kim, et al. Inference Word Meaning of Children with Borderline Intelligence Kim, S. J. (2015). Comprehension of idioms in school-aged children with borderline intelligence (Master s thesis). Dankook University, Yongin, Korea. Kim, Y. T., Hong, G. H., Kim, K. H., Jang, H. S., & Lee, J. Y. (2009). Receptive & expressive vocabulary test (REVT). Seoul: Seoul Community Rehabilitation Center. Kurdek, L. A., & Sinclair, R. J. (2001). Predicting reading and mathematics achievement in fourth-grade children from kindergarten readiness scores. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, Kwak, K. C., Park, H. W., & Kim, C. T. (2001). Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (K-WISC-III). Seoul: Seoul Special Education Publishing. Lee, H. M., & Choi, Y. L. (2011). Comparison of fast-mapping according to semantic cues of normal children and children with mental retardation. Journal of Speech-Language & Hearing Disorders, 20, Lee, J. S. (1997). Principles and methods of language teaching: the focus of process. Seoul: Pagijung. Lim, J., & Hwang, M. (2006). Grammaticality judgement and error correction by children with developmental language impairments. Speech Sciences, 13, Masi, G., Marcheschi, M., & Pfanner, P. (1998). Adolescents with borderline intellectual functioning: psychopathological risk. Adolescence, 33, Nagy, W. E., & Herman, P. A. (1987). Breadth and depth of vocabulary knowledge: implications for acquisition and instruction. In M. G. McKeown & M. E. Curtis (Eds.), The nature of vocabulary acquisition (pp ). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Nagy, W. E., Herman, P. A., & Anderson, R. C. (1985). Learning words from context. Reading Research Quarterly, 20, Pae, S., Lim, S. S., Lee, J. H., & Jang, H. S. (2004). Korean Oral Syntax Expression Comprehension Test (KOSECT). Seoul: Seoul Community Rehabilitation Center. Pressley, M., Levin, J. R., & McDaniel, M. A. (1987). Remembering versus inferring what a word means: mnemonic and contextual approaches. In M. G. McKeown & M. E. Curtis (Eds.), The nature of vocabulary acquisition (pp ). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Singh, V. P. (2004). Education of the slow learners. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. Son, M. S. (2003). A study on the speech language ability of children with mental retardation by multi-fairy tales teaching through Internet (Master s thesis). Dankook University, Yongin, Korea. Sternberg, R. J. (1987). Most vocabulary is learned from context. In M. G. McKeown & M. E. Curtis (Eds.), The nature of vocabulary acquisition (pp ). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Verguts, T., & De Boeck, P. (2001). On the correlation between working memory capacity and performance on intelligence tests. Learning and Individual Differences, 13, Yoo, S. M. (2016). Comprehension of lexical ambiguity in school-aged children with borderline intelligence (Master s thesis). Dankook University, Yongin, Korea. Yu, G., Jeong, E. H., & Kim, L. H. (2007). Characteristics of language in the school-aged children with borderline intelligence. Journal of Special Children Education, 9,

8 경계선급지능아동의정의제시조건과문맥제시조건에따른비단어의미추론특성 김은지외 Appendix 1. 정의제시조건과문맥제시조건의예 정의제시조건뽀디는봄에피는꽃입니다. 1 화분에있던뽀디가시들었습니다. ( 정답문장 ) 2 뽀디에열린사과를땄습니다. ( 관련문장 ) 3 날짜를보려고뽀디를넘겼습니다. ( 비관련문장 ) 문맥제시조건봄에뽀디가피면향기가납니다. 1 화분에있던뽀디가시들었습니다. ( 정답문장 ) 2 뽀디에열린사과를땄습니다. ( 관련문장 ) 3 날짜를보려고뽀디를넘겼습니다. ( 비관련문장 ) 269

9 Eunji Kim, et al. Inference Word Meaning of Children with Borderline Intelligence 국문초록 경계선급지능아동의정의제시조건과문맥제시조건에따른비단어의미추론특성 김은지 1 황민아 2 고선희 1 1 단국대학교일반대학원언어병리학과, 2 단국대학교특수교육과 배경및목적 : 본연구에서는정의제시조건과문맥제시조건에서비단어의의미를처리하는데있어경계선급지능아동들이일반아동과차이가있는지를알아보고자하였다. 방법 : 8-9세의경계선급지능아동과일반아동각각 10명씩을대상으로하였으며, 아동들에게비단어가포함된목표문장을읽고 3개의보기중에서그비단어의의미와같은의미로사용된비단어가포함된문장을고르도록하였다. 이때목표문장은비단어의정의를제시하는조건과비단어의의미를추론할수있는문맥을제시하는조건으로나뉘었다. 결과 : 경계선급지능아동들은비단어의미를처리하는데있어두조건모두에서일반아동들에비해유의미하게낮은수행을보였으며, 일반아동들은조건과상관없이고른수행을보인반면경계선급지능아동들은정의제시조건에서보다문맥제시조건에서유의미하게낮은수행을보였다. 또한, 오류유형을분석한결과, 경계선급지능아동들은일반아동들에비해목표문장에서사용된비단어의의미와관련이없는오답을고르는비율이높았다. 논의및결론 : 경계선지능아동들은전반적으로새로운단어의의미를습득하는데어려움을보이며, 특히문맥을활용하여단어의의미를추론하는데는더많은어려움이있는만큼이에대한적절한중재가이뤄져야할것이다. 핵심어 : 경계선지능아동, 단어의미추론, 정의제시, 문맥제시 참고문헌 곽금주, 박혜원, 김청택 (2001). 한국웩슬러아동지능검사-III (Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III). 서울 : 도서출판특수교육. 김광해 (2003). 등급별국어교육용어휘. 서울 : 도서출판박이정. 김수진 (2015). 학령기경계선급지능아동의관용어이해능력. 단국대학교대학원석사학위논문. 김애화, 김의정, 황민아, 유현실 (2014). 읽기성취및읽기인지처리검사 (RA-RCP). 서울 : 학지사심리검사연구소. 김애화, 유현실, 황민아, 김의정, 고성룡 (2010). 초등학생의읽기이해능력예측변인에관한연구. 언어청각장애연구, 15, 김애화, 황민아 (2008). 초등학교고학년의읽기능력에영향을미치는읽기관련변인에관한연구. 언어청각장애연구, 13, 김영태, 홍경훈, 김경희, 장혜성, 이주연 (2009). 수용 표현어휘력검사 (REVT). 서울 : 서울장애인종합복지관. 배소영, 임선숙, 이지희, 장혜성 (2004). 구문의미이해력검사. 서울 : 서울장애인종합복지관. 손명숙 (2003). 인터넷을활용한멀티동화지도가정신지체아의언어표현력에미치는효과. 단국대학교대학원석사학위논문. 유경, 정은희, 김락형 (2007). 학령기경계선지능아동의언어특성연구. 특수아동교육연구, 9, 유승미 (2016). 학령기경계선급지능아동의어휘적중의성이해. 단국대학교대학원석사학위논문. 이재승 (1997). 국어교육의원리와방법 : 과정중심의국어교육. 서울 : 박이정. 이효미, 최예린 (2011). 일반아동과지적장애아동의의미단서에따른빠른연결능력비교. 언어치료연구, 20, 임종아, 황민아 (2006). 경계선지능언어발달장애아동과일반아동의문법성판단및오류수정. 음성과학, 13, 정희정, 이재연 (2005). 경계선지능아동의인지적, 행동적특성. 아동복지연구, 3, 정희정, 이재연 (2008). 경계선지적기능아동의특성. 특수교육학연구, 42,

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF ********* (*, **, *** ).., 2002, 7, 1, 1-12. 2-5 80.,.,..,,... :,,. (naming).., (word finding), (lexical look- up), (lexical retrieval), (word recall) (Fried- Oken, 1987). (pause),,, (naming error) (Snyder

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Study on the Pe

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   * A Study on the Pe Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.405-425 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.405 * A Study on the Perceptions and Factors of Immigrant Background Youth

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

歯14.양돈규.hwp

歯14.양돈규.hwp : The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2003. Vol. 15, No. 3, 615-631. 1 2 3 1,410.,, ( ),., ( 69%),.,, ( ), ( ).,,.., ( ).,. :,,. :, (390-711) 21-1, : 043-649-1362 E-mail : ydk9498@hanmail.net

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   Awareness, Supports Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   A study on Characte Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.381-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.381 A study on Characteristics of Action Learning by Analyzing Learners Experiences

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

(5차 편집).hwp

(5차 편집).hwp (215), 54(1), 17-3 211 STEAM,.. STEAM, STEAM, 5~6 11.,., 5~6...,. (, 21)., 29. (,, 212). 211 STEAM * :, E-mail: njkwon@hanmail.net http://dx.doi.org/1.15812/ter.54.1.2153.17 (215), 54(1), 17-3,. (Arts)

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

차 례... 박영목 **.,... * **.,., ,,,.,,

차 례... 박영목 **.,... * **.,., ,,,.,, 차 례... 박영목 **.,... * 2010. **.,.,.... 1980.,,,.,,. 1980.. .... (Bereiter Scardamalia, 1987).. Hayes Flower(1980),,,..,,.....,,,... Hayes Flower 1980, Hayes 1996, Kellogg 1996, Hayes 2012. Hayes Flower

More information

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( :

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( : 27 2, 17-31, 2009. -, * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** (: dminkim@cau.ac.kr) 18 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. Ⅰ. (,,, 2004). (,, 2006).,,, (Myrick,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Review of Research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

특수교육논총 * ,,,,..,..,, 76.7%.,,,.,,.. * 1. **

특수교육논총 * ,,,,..,..,, 76.7%.,,,.,,.. * 1. ** 특수교육논총 *. 257..,,,,..,..,, 76.7%.,,,.,,.. * 1. ** (eun67@dankook.ac.kr) .,,,,,,,,,, (,, 2014)., (,, 2007)....,,,, (,, 2014).. (2003)...,,, (Baron-Cohen, O Riordan, Stone, Jone, & Plaisted, 1999; Hobson,

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: * Strenghening the Cap

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   * Strenghening the Cap Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.27-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.27 * Strenghening the Capacity of Cultural Arts Required in Special Education

More information

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( )

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( ) . 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ,. (, 2011),, 1980 5 49.9%, 4 (20.3%). 1985, 5 (39.0%), 4 (25.3%).

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information

Research subject change trend analysis of Journal of Educational Information and Media Studies : Network text analysis of the last 20 years * The obje

Research subject change trend analysis of Journal of Educational Information and Media Studies : Network text analysis of the last 20 years * The obje Research subject change trend analysis of Journal of Educational Information and Media Studies : Network text analysis of the last 20 years * The objectives of this study are analyzing research trends

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

27 2, * ** 3, 3,. B ,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability

27 2, * ** 3, 3,. B ,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability 27 2, 71-90. 2009. 3 * ** 3, 3,. B 2003 4 2004 2.,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability Development) ** ( : heyjun@gmail.com) 72 한국교육문제연구제

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

. 서론 현대사회에서의원만한의사소통은원활한일상생활을위해중요하다. 이러한원활한의사소통과읽기, 쓰기, 듣기, 말하기등의언어기능을위해서는어휘지식이중요하다 ( 정대영, 이은진, 2009). 이는풍부한의사소통을위해서어휘습득이바탕이되어야상대방과의대화가가능하고어휘를통해다양한표현을구

. 서론 현대사회에서의원만한의사소통은원활한일상생활을위해중요하다. 이러한원활한의사소통과읽기, 쓰기, 듣기, 말하기등의언어기능을위해서는어휘지식이중요하다 ( 정대영, 이은진, 2009). 이는풍부한의사소통을위해서어휘습득이바탕이되어야상대방과의대화가가능하고어휘를통해다양한표현을구 특수교육논총 학령기경도지적장애아동의단어의미제시조건에따른 보통명사와추상명사단어의미추론 * 연구목적 : 본연구는단어의미제시조건및명사유형에따라학령기경도지적장애아동과언어연령일치아동, 생활연령일치아동의단어의미추론능력에어떤차이가있는지살펴보는것을목적으로하였다. 연구방법 : 경도지적장애아동 10명, 언어연령일치아동 10명, 생활연령일치아동 10명을대상으로아동에게새로운단어를정의제시조건과문맥제시조건으로제시하여단어의의미를추론하도록하였으며,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: : * Research Subject

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   : * Research Subject Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.91-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.91 : * Research Subject Trend Analysis on Educational Innovation with Network

More information

상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: /

상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: / ,,. 164 -. SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 1 11 404 / Tel: 02-880-7636 / E-mail: dikimedu@snu.ac.kr ...,,, (, 2012),, (,,, 2012a, 2012b;,, 2011;, 2011;,, 2010). (, 2013;, 2012;, ;

More information

118 김정민 송신철 심규철 을 미치기 때문이다(강석진 등, 2000; 심규철 등, 2001; 윤치원 등, 2005; 하태경 등, 2004; Schibeci, 1983). 모둠 내에서 구성원들이 공동으 로 추구하는 학습 목표의 달성을 위하여 각자 맡은 역할에 따라 함께

118 김정민 송신철 심규철 을 미치기 때문이다(강석진 등, 2000; 심규철 등, 2001; 윤치원 등, 2005; 하태경 등, 2004; Schibeci, 1983). 모둠 내에서 구성원들이 공동으 로 추구하는 학습 목표의 달성을 위하여 각자 맡은 역할에 따라 함께 과학교육연구지,37권 1호,pp.117-130(2013.5) Jour.Sci.Edu,Vol.37,No.1,pp.117-130(2013.5) 생물 학습을 위한 고등학생 소집단과 교사의 면담에서 나타나는 상호작용 유형 분석 김정민 송신철 1 심규철 2 * 환경생태교육연구소 1 경기신길고등학교 2 공주대학교 The Patterns of Interaction in

More information

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770>

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770> 기혼 여성이 사이버대학에서 상담을 전공하면서 겪는 경험 방기연 (고려사이버대학교 상담심리학과 부교수) * 요 약 본 연구는 기혼 여성의 사이버대학 상담전공 학과 입학에서 졸업까지의 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한 다. 이를 위해 연구참여자 10명을 대상으로 심층면접을 하고, 합의적 질적 분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 입학 전 에 연구참여자들은 고등교육의 기회를

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: (LiD) - - * Way to

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   (LiD) - - * Way to Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth

More information

<28C3D6C1BE295FBEF0BEEEC3BBB0A22031372D325F5F32B4DC2E687770>

<28C3D6C1BE295FBEF0BEEEC3BBB0A22031372D325F5F32B4DC2E687770> 학령 전 다문화가정 아동과 일반가정 아동의 격조사와 보조사 산출 최미현 a 정미란 b, 황민아 c a 단국대학교 특수교육대학원, b 영동대학교 언어치료학과, c 단국대학교 특수교육과 교신저자 정미란 영동대학교 언어치료학과 교수 충북 영동군 영동읍 설계리 대학로 310번지 e-mail: jmr370@yd.ac.kr tel.: 043-740-1631 배경 및 목적:

More information

Effects of baseball expertise and stimulus speeds on coincidence-anticipation timing accuracy of batting Jong-Hwa Lee, Seok-Jin Kim, & Seon-Jin Kim* Seoul National University [Purpose] [Methods] [Results]

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

09-김선영.hwp

09-김선영.hwp 特 殊 敎 育 再 活 科 學 硏 究 Journal of Special Education & Rehabilitation Science Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 179~199, 2008. 청각장애유아-어머니간의 책읽기 상호작용 유형 분석 The Analysis on Types of the Book-Reading Interaction between Hearing-Impaired

More information

<31335FB1C7B0E6C7CABFDC2E687770>

<31335FB1C7B0E6C7CABFDC2E687770> 에너지기후변화교육 4(2):203~211(2014) 203 초등학교 교과서 에너지 단원의 탐구활동과 시각자료 기능 분석 사례 연구 신명경 권경필 * 경인교육대학교 Abstract : This study aimed to analyze energy related inquiry activity and visual materials in elementary textbook.

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 김진주 김수연. 초등학생대상장애이해교육에활용된동화에나타난장애인관분석. 특수교육, 2013, 제12권, 제2호, 135-160... 20.,,. 4.,,.,..... 주제어 : 장애이해교육, 동화, 장애인관 1. ( 1 ) Incheon Munhak Elementary School ( )(, E-mail: sooyoun@ginue.ac.kr) Dept. of

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Mediating Eff

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Mediating Eff Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.159-177 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.159 * The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social

More information

ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) Commun Sci & Dis 2014;19(1):71-79 Original Article Comprehending a

ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) Commun Sci & Dis 2014;19(1):71-79 Original Article   Comprehending a ISSN 2288-1328 (Print) ISSN 2288-0917 (Online) Commun Sci & Dis 2014;19(1):71-79 Original Article Comprehending and Defining Homonyms in School- Aged Children from Multicultural Families Jongyun Jang a,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Study on Teache Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational

More information

,......

,...... The Impact of Personal Traits, Family Characteristics, and Job Satisfaction on the Psychological Well-Being of Middle Aged Men from the Baby Boomer Generation Working in Large Corporations Department of

More information

ISSN (Online) Commun Sci Disord 2018;23(2): Original Article Comprehension of Compound Words in 3-

ISSN (Online) Commun Sci Disord 2018;23(2): Original Article   Comprehension of Compound Words in 3- ISSN 2288-0917 (Online) Commun Sci Disord 2018;23(2):288-297 Original Article https://doi.org/10.12963/csd.18480 Comprehension of Compound Words in 3-4 Grade School-Aged Children with Poor Reading Comprehension

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: : A Study on the Ac

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   : A Study on the Ac Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.269-293 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.269 : A Study on the Actual Condition of Character Education in Early Childhood

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 3~30 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2016. 01. 08 2016. 01. 09 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: IPA * Analysis of Perc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI:   IPA * Analysis of Perc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.45-72 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.45 IPA * Analysis of Perception and Needs on Teaching Competencies of Faculty

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: * Early Childhood T

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Early Childhood T Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.243-269 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.243 * Early Childhood Teachers' Perception on Reconstruction of Curriculum

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: * The Effect of Paren

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   * The Effect of Paren Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.95-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.95 * The Effect of Parent Education Program Using Action Learning on Family

More information

<5BBEF0BEEE33332D335D20312EB1E8B4EBC0CD2E687770>

<5BBEF0BEEE33332D335D20312EB1E8B4EBC0CD2E687770> 언어장애의 몇 가지 유형에서 관찰되는 어휘빈도와 음운변화 효과 * 김충명 남기춘 ** (광주대학교 고려대학교) Kim, Choong-Myung and Nam, Kichun. 2008. The Effects of Korean Word Frequency and Phonological Change in Several Types of Language Disorder.

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * The Participant Expe

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Participant Expe Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.17-40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.17 * The Participant Experiences and Expectations of Pre-service Teachers for

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   : A basic research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:

More information

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할 저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Experiences of Af Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

레이아웃 1

레이아웃 1 Disability & Employment 2011. 8. 제21권 제3호(통권 72호) pp.209~238 장애인의 직업재활을 위한 자기표현력 향상에 관한 집단미술치료 사례연구 임혜숙 서울사회복지대학원대학교 사회복지학과 교수 요 약 본 연구에서는 장애인의 직업재활동기를 강화시키고 지속시키는데 필요한 자기표현력 향상을 위한 집단미술치료의 영향에 관하여 사례연구를

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI: : - Qualitative Met

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp DOI:   : - Qualitative Met Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp.369-397 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.2.201806.369 : - Qualitative Meta-Synthesis on Child-Nurturing Experiences of Female

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: * The Grounds and Cons

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   * The Grounds and Cons Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.63-81 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.63 * The Grounds and Consequences of the Elementary School Teachers' Trust Formation

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: An Exploratory Stud

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   An Exploratory Stud Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.423-441 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.423 An Exploratory Study on the Improvement of Democratic Consultative Culture

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A S

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A S Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.461-487 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.461 * - 2008 2018 - A Study on the Change of Issues with Adolescent Problem

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 5 : 1031~1039 May. 2015 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과 및 기여도 분석 김방룡 1 홍재표 2* Economic

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on the Opti

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   A Study on the Opti Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.127-148 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/11024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.127 A Study on the Optimization of Appropriate Hearing-impaired Curriculum Purpose:

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:3~20 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/27, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] This study aims to comprehensively analyze

More information

어휘의미추측전략을활용한자기주도적어휘학습방안 16) 유민애 * < 次例 > Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ. Ⅰ. 서론 1).,,,. * 1) (Hymes). (Canale & Swain) (grammatical competence), (sociolinguistic competenc

어휘의미추측전략을활용한자기주도적어휘학습방안 16) 유민애 * < 次例 > Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ. Ⅰ. 서론 1).,,,. * 1) (Hymes). (Canale & Swain) (grammatical competence), (sociolinguistic competenc 어휘의미추측전략을활용한자기주도적어휘학습방안 16) 유민애 * < 次例 > Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ. Ⅰ. 서론 1).,,,. * 1) (Hymes). (Canale & Swain) (grammatical competence), (sociolinguistic competence), (discourse competence), (strategic competence).

More information

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770>

<35BFCFBCBA2E687770> 주요개념 : 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자, 성지식, 성태도 남자중학생의 컴퓨터음란물 접촉자와 비접촉자간의 성지식과 태도의 차이 김 영 혜* 이 화 자** 정 향 미*** 1. 연구의 필요성 한국은 I. 서 론 1960 년대 이후부터 시작된 돌진적 산업화 ( 한 상진, 1996) 로 인하여 경제적 부흥을 이루어 집집마다 TV 수상기를 가질 수 있게 되었고 최근에는 PC보급율

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -

More information

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770>

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 866-871, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.2.866 증강현실을 이용한 아동교육프로그램 모델제안 권미란 1*, 김정일 2 1 나사렛대학교 아동학과, 2 한세대학교 e-비즈니스학과

More information

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF

歯제7권1호(최종편집).PDF ********** (*, **, ***, **** ).., 2002, 7, 1, 49-64..,,. 1. 4, 5 6 72,. 4,, 50 %, 34 %, 8 %, 5 75 %, 67 %, 13 %, 6 95 %, 51 %., (,, ), (,, )..888,.448,.361.,,,,... :,,,,,,,..... (Catts, 1989). (Wagner

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: : * A Study on Appl

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   : * A Study on Appl Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.365-399 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.365 : * A Study on Application of the Result through Dynamic Assessment in

More information

.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;, 1995), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, (, 201

.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;, 1995), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, (, 201 4 21.,,,.,,. 1, 2, 3, 4.,,,,,,.,,,,., ( ). 60-66,,,,,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-220-2495/ E-mail: ikkim@jj.ac.kr .,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on Organizi

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   A Study on Organizi Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.441-460 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.441 A Study on Organizing Software Education of Special Education Curriculum

More information

WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disabi

WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disabi WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성 ( 황수경 ) ꌙ 127 노동정책연구 2004. 제 4 권제 2 호 pp.127~148 c 한국노동연구원 WHO 의새로운국제장애분류 (ICF) 에대한이해와기능적장애개념의필요성황수경 *, (disability)..,,. (WHO) 2001 ICF. ICF,.,.,,. (disability)

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:21~34 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/19, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] With the development of the Internet,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: * A Study on Good School

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI:   * A Study on Good School Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.1 * A Study on Good School and School Evaluation Purpose: This study was to examine

More information

A Study of Event-Related Brain Potentials in Children s Korean Sentence Comprehension Graduate School of Social Welfare, Myongji University Assistant Professor : Inhwa Choi Department of Child Development

More information

<C1DF3320BCF6BEF7B0E8C8B9BCAD2E687770>

<C1DF3320BCF6BEF7B0E8C8B9BCAD2E687770> 2012학년도 2학기 중등과정 3학년 국어 수업 계획서 담당교사 - 봄봄 현영미 / 시온 송명근 1. 학습 목적 말씀으로 천지를 창조하신 하나님이 당신의 형상대로 지음 받은 우리에게 언어를 주셨고, 그 말씀의 능 력이 우리의 언어생활에도 나타남을 깨닫고, 그 능력을 기억하여 표현하고 이해함으로 아름다운 언어생활 을 누릴 뿐만 아니라 언어문화 창조에 이바지함으로써

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: NCS : G * The Analy

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   NCS : G * The Analy Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.133-158 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.133 NCS : G * The Analysis of the Cognitive Level of Basic Job Skills of Specialized

More information

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö

Àå¾Ö¿Í°í¿ë ³»Áö Disability & Employment 55 Disability & Employment 56 57 Disability & Employment 58 59 Disability & Employment 60 61 Disability & Employment 62 63 Disability & Employment 64 65 Disability & Employment

More information

[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon

[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon [ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) 775-794 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with cloned native intonation. The purpose of this work is to

More information

Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.8, No.1, January (2018), pp

Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology Vol.8, No.1, January (2018), pp Vol.8, No.1, January (2018), pp. 507-517 http://dx.doi.org/10.21742/ajmahs.2018.01.10 언어장애아동과정상아동의 K-WPPSI 수행분석비교 위지희 1, 오은영 2 The Comparison of K-WPPSI profile Between Language Disorder Children and Normal

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

초등학교 5 학년의이야기능력발달에관한연구 * 5) 유동엽 ** < 次例 > Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ. Ⅴ. Ⅵ. Ⅰ. 서론 (story).,,., (White & Epston, 1990; Winslade & Monk, 1999).,. Bruner(2002), (, 2006;

초등학교 5 학년의이야기능력발달에관한연구 * 5) 유동엽 ** < 次例 > Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ. Ⅴ. Ⅵ. Ⅰ. 서론 (story).,,., (White & Epston, 1990; Winslade & Monk, 1999).,. Bruner(2002), (, 2006; 초등학교 5 학년의이야기능력발달에관한연구 * 5) 유동엽 ** < 次例 > Ⅰ. Ⅱ. Ⅲ. Ⅳ. Ⅴ. Ⅵ. Ⅰ. 서론 (story).,,., (White & Epston, 1990; Winslade & Monk, 1999).,. Bruner(2002), (, 2006;, 2005). * 2012. ** 168 국어교육연구제 33 집. ( ).,. [ ]..,

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5,

., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, 23 3 (, ) () () 25, (),,,, (,,, 2015b). 1 5, * 4.,, 3,,, 3,, -., 3, 12, 27, 20. 9,,,,,,,,. 6,,,,,. 5,,,,.. * (2016),. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-225-4496 / E-mail: jnj1015@jj.ac.kr ., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994), 2000. 2015 () 65, 4 51,

More information

,,,,,, 167711 1),,, (Euripides) 2),, (Seneca, LA) 3), 1) 1573 17 2) 3 3 1 2 4

,,,,,, 167711 1),,, (Euripides) 2),, (Seneca, LA) 3), 1) 1573 17 2) 3 3 1 2 4 Journal of Women s Studies 2001 Vol 16 123~142 Racine s Phèdre, a Tragic Woman (Jung, Hye Won, ) 17 (Racine) (Phèdre),,,,,,,, 1 2 3 ,,,,,, 167711 1),,, (Euripides) 2),, (Seneca, LA) 3), 1) 1573 17 2) 3

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: * Relationship Betw

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   * Relationship Betw Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.149-168 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.149 * Relationship Between Planned Happenstance Skills and Career Adaptability

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI: NCS : * A Study on

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp DOI:   NCS : * A Study on Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp.157-176 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.3.201809.157 NCS : * A Study on the NCS Learning Module Problem Analysis and Effective

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information