J. Korean Soc. Mech. Technol, 21(1) : 153~158, 2019 한국기계기술학회지제21권제1호, pp. 153~158, Print ISSN 1229-

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1 J. Korean Soc. Mech. Technol, 21(1) : 153~158, 2019 한국기계기술학회지제21권제1호, pp. 153~158, Print ISSN X, Online ISSN < 생산기술 > 볼스터드검사장치의설계및시제품제작 한승철 * 김진호 The Design and Development of Ball Stud Inspection Equipments Seung-Chul Han, Jin-Ho Kim Key Words : Heat treatment( 열처리 ), Quenching( 퀜칭 ), Prototype( 시제품 ), Ball stud( 볼스터드 ), Design( 설계 ) ABSTRACT Heat treatment of metals is an necessary process for obtaining properties required for metals. However, the heat treatment sector is labor intensive enough to be classified as an unwanted sector. In particular, in the case of quenching during the heat treatment, in order to select the defective product due to the collision caused by the collision between the products when the product is dropped in the oil tank during the quenching process, the labor is not concentrated on the heat treatment as the main process, It is a fact that it is put in. In this paper, in order to solve the labor - intensive nature, this paper designed and tested prototype products for the selection of defective products during the heat treatment process of the ball stud. The ball stud inspection device is divided into two parts, a ball stud supply device and an inspection device, and describes the concept design and prototype production contents. The performance of the prototype was evaluated by examining 1000 samples with 5 items. The manufactured ball stud inspection system will contribute to the relaxation of the avoidance phenomenon of the heat treatment industry and contribute to the efficiency and competitiveness of the work. 1. 서론 금속재료에필요한성질을부여하기위하여특정 한온도로가열하여냉각하는과정인금속의열처리 (Heat treatment) 는필수적인과정이다 [1-4]. 하지만작업자들이꺼려하는기피업종이기때문에 작업자의대부분이외국인이며, 기피현상으로인해 인건비상승의요인이되고있는실정이다. 특히금 속의열처리중본논문에서는퀜칭 (Quenching) 작업 Received : Revised : Accepted : Corresponding Author ; Member, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University jinho@ynu.ac.kr * Professor, Yeungnam University College 시발생하는기피현상에관해그해결책을제시한다. 퀜칭작업시기피현상의원인은제품이가열로에서기름탱크로떨어질때연속적인낙하에의해제품간의부딪침이발생하고, 이로인해제품에찍힘현상이발생하여규격에어긋나게되어불량품을양산한다. 특히본논문에서소개할볼스터드에서는렌치구멍에렌치가들어가지않는경우가발생하는데, 이러한부분을전수검사를통하여불량품을선별하는작업을하고있다. 즉, 많은인력이메인작업인열처리작업보다는품질검사부분에치우치는경향을가지고있다. 이와같이많은인력이품질검사부분에투입됨으로써노동집약적성격을갖게되고기피현상의원인이된다 [5,6]. 본논문에서는불량품을선별하는과정을자동화함으로써근본적인원인을해결함과동시 J. Korean Soc. Mech. Technol, 21(1) : 153~158,

2 한승철 김진호 에열처리에보다많은인력을투입할수있게하여 경쟁력을갖출수있도록한다 [7,8]. 2. 본론 2.1 볼스터드검사장치의개념설계볼스터드의자동연속공급을위하여많은볼스터드를담을수있도록호퍼피더를갖추고일정량을연속적으로원형피더에공급한다. 원형피더에서는볼스터드를일정한자세로정렬을시키고이렇게정렬된볼스터드를다시검사라인에투입하기위하여일직선상에놓아주어야한다. 그래서또별도의리니어피더를사용하여볼스터드가검사라인에연속으로투입되게한다. 피더에의하여정렬된볼스터드를일률적으로일직선상에공급하게하여순차적으로약 5개가량의볼스터드를연속적으로회전렌치지그를이용하여검사하는시스템으로개발하고자한다. 구체적인개발목표는검사수량, tact time, 검사불량률, 삽입불량률, 연속작동내구성과같이총 5가지항목을충족시키는검사시스템의제작이다. 2.2 볼스터드검사장치의구조볼스터드검사장치는볼스터드공급장치, 볼스터드육각홈검사장치로크게 2파트로구분된다. 볼스터드육각홈검사장치는프레임부, 8등분분할테이블부, 구동부, 가이드부, 볼스터드 JIG부, 배출부등의세부항목으로나누어진다. 종래육각홈양불검사를수작업으로수행하던공정을자동화한장비이다. Fig. 1 Supplier of ball stud 써다량의소재를적은횟수로공급하고자한다. 또한근접센서로볼 (Bowl) 안에소재의양은적정량유지된다. 3차리니어피더는볼피더에서공급된소재를볼스터드육각홈검사장치로투입전나열시키는장치로사용된다 볼스터드육각홈검사장치볼스터드육각홈검사장치는 Fig. 2와같이프레임부, 8등분분할테이블부, 구동부, 가이드부, 볼스터드JIG부, 소재공급서포터부, 배출부로구성된다. 본단락에서는특히, 8등분분할테이블부, 구동부, 가이드부, 볼스터JIG 부에관해상세하게서술한다 볼스터드공급장치볼스터디공급장치는 Fig. 1과같이 1차호퍼피더, 2차볼피더, 3차리니어피더로나누어제작하였다. 파트피더는가공, 조립등에제공하는부품을정렬하여소정의장소까지자동적으로보내는장치로써구동은대체로진동을사용한다. 1차호퍼피더는최초소재투입되는곳이며, 2차볼피더의소재를일정량투입하기위한보조적성향을띄는장치이다. 2차볼피더는볼스터드공급부의메인피더이며, 볼 (Bowl) 안에소재의양이많을때이송에어려움이발생된다. 그래서 1차호퍼피더를둬초기소재투입시많은양을투입하고, 2차볼피더로보냄으로 Fig. 2 Inspection device system of ball stud 154 J. Korean Soc. Mech. Technol, 21(1) : 153~158, 2019

3 볼스터드검사장치의설계및시제품제작 등분분할테이블부 8등분분할테이블부는베이스플레이트, 분할테이블, 테이블축, 테이블축베어링하우징으로구성된다. 베이스플레이트는현장치기초가되는판 ( 플레이트 )( 으 ) 로가이드부및배출부등이체결되는메인판이다. 분할테이블은차후설명할볼스터드 JIG가체결되는판 ( 플레이트 ) 이며, 8등분으로나눠져소재이송을담당한다. 테이블축및테이블축베어링하우징의역활은베이스플레이트에서분할테이블이특정위치에서회전이가능하도록하는것이다. 형상은아래 Fig. 3과같다 구동부 ( 제너바기어부 ) 구동부는구동모터, 구동캠축, 제네바기어구동핀, 제네바기어, 제네바기어축, 고정봉, 모듈베이스등으로구성된다. 제네바기어는일반적으로사용되는연속회전운동을간헐회전운동으로변환시키는장치로서현장치의공급및검사, 배출등에필요한방법으로써채택한다. 구동모터는인덕션모터를사용하였으며, 인버터를사용하여속도및가감속설정이가능하도록한다. 구동캠축은모터와연결되는축으로구동축제네바기어구동핀이체결되며, 위핀 (pin) 이제네바기어을회전시킨후제네바기어에서탈락이될때, 캠이제네바기어축의회전을억제시킴으로써간혈운동이가능하도록한다. 이하부품은형상유지및체결, 고정에사용되므로생략한다. 형상은 Fig. 4와같다. Fig. 4 Drive (Geneva gear) 가이드부가이드부는소재의이탈방지의주목적으로적용되며, 부가적으로소재안착, 검사및배출의기능이포함된다. 가이드고정봉, 가이드플레이트, 가이드블록, 회전플레이트, 배출바 (bar), 경사블록, 상승플레이트, 안착실린더, 위치센서 ( 근접 ), 검사센서 ( 근접 ) 등으로구성된다. 가이드고정봉및가이드플레이트, 가이드블록은소재이탈방지의역할을한다. 회전플레이트및경사블록, 상승플레이트는볼스터드 JIG 와밀접한관계가있으며 JIG 회전및상승을시킴으로써상황에맞게작용된다. 자세한설명은볼스터드 JIG부에서설명한다. Fig. 3 8 division partition table section 볼스터드 JIG부볼스터드 JIG부는소재의육각홈이끼워맞춤을올바르게하는지검사하는장치로검사지그몸체, 검사지그샤프트, 측정봉 ( 육각봉 ), LM스트로크, 볼롤러, 스프링등으로구성된다. 검사지그몸체 (body) 는소재가안착되는블록으로써소재를정위치고정시킨다. 검사지그샤프트및측정봉 ( 육각봉 ) 은일체화구조로몸체에안착된소재를앞서가이드부에언급된회전플레이트및경사블록, 상승플레이트에작용을받아측정이이루어지며, 이에필요한모션을위해 LM 스트로크를적용한다. LM스트로크는볼부쉬의일종으로직선운동및회전운동이가능한제품이다. 스프 J. Korean Soc. Mech. Technol, 21(1) : 153~158,

4 한승철 김진호 Table 1 Features for each in a partitioned table Location Feature Material input position, Material seating process between 0 and 45 (additional) Inspection jig Shaft rise section, material inserted into inspection jig shaft Inspection jig shaft is rotated by action of rotating plate to reinsert incompletely inserted material Detection of the workpiece shape inserted into the inspection jig shaft, proximity sensor detection failure, undetectable good Material discharge, actuated by the discharge bar of the guide part Fig. 5 8 Ball stud JIG design Fig. 6 Features for each in a partitioned table 링은육각홈측정으로인해끼임이발생할가능성이있으므로이를방지하고자스프링적용하며, 가이드핀및가이드부싱을적용하여직선운동으로구속시킨다. 볼롤러는가이드부의경사블록및상승플레이트에원활히이송될수있도록구름접점을주기위함이다. Fig. 5는분할된테이블의각위치별로간략히표현한것으로최종제품과차이는없으며, Fig. 6과같다. 2.3 볼스터드검사장치의시제품제작 전체시스템앞서언급한바와같이볼스터드검사장치는볼스터드공급부와육각홈검사장치로구성되고전체시스템은 Fig. 7과같다. 본단락에서는간략한설명과사진을통해설계도면을바탕으로제작한시제품을설명하였다. Fig. 7 Ball stud inspection system whole system 볼스터드공급장치설계시와마찬가지로볼스터디공급장치는 1차호퍼피더, 2차볼피더, 3차리니어피더로 3파트로나누어제작되었다. 1차호퍼피더는최초로소재가투입되는곳이며, 2차볼피더는공급부의메인피더, 3차리니어피더는검사장치로투입되는볼스터드를일렬로나열해주는장치이다. Fig. 8은볼스터디공급장치의각파트를보여준다 볼스터드육감홈검사장치볼스터드육각홈검사장치는총 7파트로구성되며, 앞서언급한바와같이설계하였고시제품을제작하였다. 내용의축약을위해부가설명이더필요한부분에관한설계의내용을서술하였고, 해당파트의시제품을 Table 2와같이나타내었다. 156 J. Korean Soc. Mech. Technol, 21(1) : 153~158, 2019

5 볼스터드검사장치의설계및시제품제작 3. Operating control system 개발 Fig. 8 Configuration of ball stud supply feeder Table 2 Prototypes of parts fo ball stud hexagonal inspection system Eight partition table 3.1 전기제어장치볼스터드검사장치의제어는 PLC(Power Line Communication) 로이루어지며각축은인버터를사용하여속도제어가가능하게하였으며각제어는터치스크린을사용하여 HMI(Human Machine Interaction) 를구성하여각상태의파라메터세팅이가능하게하였다. 각동작은수동모드와자동모드로나누어지며, 수동모드는개별구동을행할수있어초기세팅시사용되고자동모드는공정을자동화할때사용된다. 3.2 HMI(Human Machine Interaction) 볼스터드검사장치에서 HMI는크게작업, 수동, 설정, I/O, 경보화면으로구성되며, 동작상태, 양 / 불량수량카운터및생산수량을표시한다. 4. 실험검증 Geneva gear (driving part) Guide section Ball stud JIG Material supply support part Outlet 개발된장치의성능를입증하기 Table 3과같이총 5가지항목을설정하였다. 각항목들은볼스터드시험장치에 100개의샘플을넣고, 같은방식으로 10 번실험하여총 1000개의평가샘플을시험하였다. 각항목들의시험은다음과같이수행되었다. 1. 검사수량 : 검사수량 100개에대한소요시간을측정하여시간당검사수량산출하였다. 2. Tact time : 검사수량 100개에대한소요시간을측정하여 1개당검사소요시간 (tact time) 계산하였다. 3. 검사불량률 : 볼스터드를검사하여양품이불량으로잘못판정되어선별되는경우의검사불량측정하였다. 4. 삽입불량률 : 볼스터드투입과정에서검사지그에삽입이정상적으로일어나지않은횟수를측정하였다. 5. 연속작동내구성 : 검사장치를특정시간동안작동시킨후정상동작여부를확인하였다. 무부하상태에서검사작업조건하에 24시간연속운전시정상작동하였다. J. Korean Soc. Mech. Technol, 21(1) : 153~158,

6 한승철 김진호 Table 3 Experiments to demonstrate performance No List U Result 1 Inspection quantity amount/h tact time sec/amount Test failure rate % Insertion failure rate % Continuous operation durability hours 결론 본논문에서는볼스터드검사장치의설계및시제 품제작에대하여소개하였다. 최종시제품의성능을 5 가지항목으로총 100 개의샘플을 10 번을실험하였 고, 각항목당만족스러운실험결과를도출하였다. 볼 스터드검사장치를개발함으로써다음과같은효과를 기대할수있다. 1. 작업방법개선을통한일의효율성및매출증대 2. 자동화를통한작업의경쟁력강화 3. 동종업계에제품을공급하여매출증대효과 4. 열처리업종의기피현상해소에기여 Shear Strength of Ball Stud according to cooling Method, KSME17-We16A013, pp , [5] J. H. Song, H. S. Kim, Y. T. Im, J. H. Kang, S. Y. Seo, S. C. Joung, J. H. Kim, Development of Expert System for Process Design of Ball Stud, The Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity, 97th Fall Conference, pp [6] D. Y. Yang, Y. T. Im, Y. G. Lee, C. H. Lee, C. H. Park, J. H. Song, Y. S. Lee, E. G. Yeo, Development of a system for automative design of ball stud forging process and dies, Korean Society for Precision Engineering, 98th Fall Conference, pp [7] J. H. Song, Y. T. Im, Development of the Process Design System for a Ball Stud, The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A, Vol. 23, No. 10, pp , 1999 [8] H. S. Kim, Y. Y. Im, Expert system for multistage cold-forging process design with a redesigning algorithm, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 54, pp , 1995 References [1] D. H. Ko, J. H. Kim, C. J. Lee, D. C. Ko, B. M. Kim, Evaluation of Formability and Mechanical Characteristic for Hot Forming Quenching in Sheet Forming of Al6061 Alloy, Korean Soc. Mech. Eng. A, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp , 2013 [2] M. G. Lee, S.-J. Kim, E. J. Kwak, G. P. Kang, Parametric Study to Manufacture Automotive Drive Plate by Using Press Quenching Finite Element Analysis, pp , [3] D. K. Kim, K. H. Jung, S. H. Kang, Y. T. Im, A Study on Temperature Measurement for Quenching of Carbon Steel, Transactions of Materials Processing, Vol. 19(1), pp , [4] I. D. Park, C. M. Choi, K. W. Nam, C. Y. Kang, Seung-Chul Han is a professor at Yeungnam University College. His research interests include automation and control engineering. Jin-Ho Kim is a professor at Yeungnam University. His research interests interest is the design of ultra-precision motors and actuators. 158 J. Korean Soc. Mech. Technol, 21(1) : 153~158, 2019

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