09구자용(489~500)

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1 The Study on the Grid Size Regarding Spatial Interpolation for Local Climate Maps* Cha Yong Ku** Young Ho Shin*** Jae-Won Lee**** Hee-Soo Kim*****.,...,,,, Abstract : Recent global warming and abnormal weather have had negative impacts on human life, which has risen increasing attention of producing a local climate map. In this study, we review some issues to determine grid size regarding spatial interpolation and propose an appropriate spatial resolution for a local climate map. We utilized the climate data of Seoul and Kangwon Province. Point pattern analysis and accuracy assessment were applied to find an optimal spatial resolution in producing climate maps of the areas. It is anticipated that the spatial resolution would be most appropriate to result in local climate maps. Key Words : climate maps, spatial interpolation techniques, spatial resolution, point pattern analysis, accuracy assessment, , (, 2011).. 73 * (CATER ). ** (Professor, Department of Geography, Sangmyung University, koostar@smu.ac.kr) *** (Visiting Researcher, The Institute for Korean Regional Studies, Seoul ational University, syhgeo@snu.ac.kr) **** (Director, Meteorological Resources Division, Korea Meterological Administration, jlee@kma.go.kr) ***** (Deputy Director, Meteorological Resources Division, Korea Meterological Administration, khs@kma.go.kr)

2 .. (AWS) ,..,...,..,. (, 2000)..,. 1.,

3 .,..,,...., GIS. GIS...,,.... (IDW), (Kriging), (spline). 1,.....,. (Anderson, 2001). (, 2011). (DEM).. GIS. DEM 491

4 (, 2008),,, PRISM (, 2007,, 2008),.,.,.. (, 2000)..... (scale dependency).. Woodcock and Strahler(1988) (local variance)..,... Hengl(2006) GIS. (2008) 100m, (2007) 5km

5 .,,. Hengl(2006).....,,. 1cm :50,000 1km A p 0.05,... (1) A p 0.01 A,. 10km 2 100, 15m, 30m..,.,.,... _ h ij p... 2 (2) h _ ij.,. Hengl GPS,,.,.,.,..., 493

6 . Willmott(1982). (Mean Absolute Error; MAE).,.. MAE = _ 1 P i _ Oi... (3), Pi, O i. MAE. (Root Mean Square Errors; RMSE).,.. RMSE = _ 1 [(P i _ Oi ) 2 ] 1/2... (4) RMSE,. (Systematic Root Mean Square Errers; RMSEs). RMSEs. RMSE s = _ 1 S i = 1 [( ˆP i _ Oi ) 2 ] 1/2... (5) ˆP (O), (P).. (Unsystematic Root Mean Square Errers; RMSE u ). RMSE u. RMSE u = _ 1 S i = 1 S i = 1 S i = 1 [(P i _ ˆPi ) 2 ] 1/2... (6). (Index of Agreement; d). (RMSE) (Potential Error; PE),. d = 1 _ S PE = [ P i O i + O i O i ] 2 i = 1 SE 2 PE... (7) 0 1, 1.. Anderson(2001) IDW,,..,

7 (a) (b),. 1.,. 38, 97.,,.,,,.,,, , 495

8 A km ,930.1 km A m A m , _ h ij km ,. 1. GIS km 2, m, 399m. 200m 400m.,, 4.092km km. 2km., 200m 2km., GIS 16,930km 2, m, 1,321m. 1km 1.3km.,, km km. 5km., 1km 5km.. 200m 2km, 1km 5km.., 496

9 (a) 200m (b) 500m (c) 1000m (d) 1500m (e) 2000m (a) 1km (b) 2km (c) 3km (d) 4km (e) 5km 497

10 .. 200m, 500m, 1000m, 1500m, 2000m, 1km, 2km, 3km, 4km, 5km. 4, 5. 2., (index of degree).. 3,,.... MAE RMSE RMSE S RMSE U d 200m 27, m 4, m 1, m m MAE RMSE RMSE S RMSE U d 1 km 33, km 8, km 3, km 2, km 1, (a) (b) 498

11 (d) 6., 500m 1000m 1500m. 500m 1km, 1km. 1km 4km 4km. 4km.,,,. 1km, 4km...,..,.,..,,...,,.,.,.,,,.,., 2000,, GIS 8(2): , 2004,, 499

12 38(4): , 2011, 1981~2010,., 2008,, 43(6): , 2008, GIS PRISM, 18(1): , 2011, GIS, 45(4): , 2011, GIS, 6(2): , 2006,, GIS 14(1): , 2007, GIS PRISM, 17(3): Anderson, S An evaluation of spatial interpolation methods on air temperature in Phoenix, AZ. paper from UCGIS student paper competitions. Dobesch, H., Dumolard, P. and Dyras, I Spatial Interpolation for Climate Data. London: ISTE Ltd. Hengl, T Finding the right pixel size. Computers & Geosciences 32: Willmott, C.J Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bulletin American Meteorology Society 63(11): Woodcock, C.E. and Strahler, A.H The factor of scale in remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment 21:

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433대지05박창용 Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This