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1 : ,,,,. AMOS..,.,.,.. * (2016). (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: / ejsohn@kmu.ac.kr

2 . -., (Herman, 1992; Kemp & Kemp, 1978; McGee, Wolfe, & Wilson, 1997).,,, (Cicchetti & Barnett, 1992; Ehrensaft et al., 2015; Glaser, 2002; Kempe & Helfer, 1974; Kinard, 1979; Stern, 1988),, (Szur, 1988),,, (Steele & Pollock, 1974).,,,,, (Tyrka et al., 2009) ,458 (, 2014), 81.7% (, 2015). 40%(, 2014), (Spertus et al., 2003; Tyrka et al., 2009). (,, 2015; Davis, Petretic-Jackson, & Ting, 2001). (1988), (1999). (2004). (Davis et al., 2001). (Erikson, 1959), (Furman & Shaffer, 2003). (,, 2000), (Berscheid, 1999; Donnellan, Larsen-Rife, & Conger, 2005 )..

3 (Colman & Widom, 2004). (Lassri & Shahar, 2012; Lassri et al., 2016).?. Morris (2007),, Shipman (2005)., (Krause, Mendelson, & Lynch, 2003).,.,..,. (,, 1997). (Berzenski & Yates, 2010), (,, 2013; Bradbury & Shaffer, 2012). (Rellini et al., 2012)., (Westen, 1994),, (Gross, 1998)., (,, 2010). (Krause et al., 2003).,,, (Waller, Corstorphine, & Mountford, 2007). Kim Cicchetti(2010),,.

4 . (, 2007;, 2002). (Maneta et al., 2015). (Fitness, 2001), (Rellini, Vujanovic, & Zvolensky, 2010), (Bloch, Haase, & Levenson, 2014; Rusbult, Bissonnette, & Arriaga, 1998)..,,.,.,,.,,, (, 2006).,,,,,,. (dyadic analysis) (Cook & Kenny, 2005)., (, 2006)., 1 (Kenny, 1996). (Kenny, 1995). Kenny(1996) APIM(actor-partner interdependent model) 1. APIM (nested), (Cook & Kenny, 2005). APIM

5 .., 1 2..,?,?,? Erikson(1959) 18 40, (snowball sampling)..,,,. 211,, (: M=25.02, SD=2.93, =19~35 / : M=23.17, SD=2.25, =19~29), 26(SD= 23.04, =1~120). (1992),, 24.,,.,,, Likert (1: 4: )

6 ,. (1992) Cronbach's α.97, Cronbach's α.94. Snyder(1979) (Marital Satisfaction Inventory; MSI), (1999),, (Korea Marital Satisfaction Inventory; K-MSI). (2000) (2000) (2006).,,, 4,,. Cronbach's α.90,.83,.87,.76. Salovey (1995) (1997) (Trait Meta-Mood Scale; TMMS) 11.,, Likert 5 (1: 5: ). Cronbach's α (1997).88,.80. Garnefski, Kraaij Spinhoven(2001) (2004) (Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; CERQ)..,,,,, 5,,,, 4. 36, 5 Likert (1: 5: ). 20. Cronbach's α.91,.87,.84,.71,.80,.66. SPSS 22.0 AMOS SPSS 22.0,

7 Cronbach's α. Pearson., (Structural Equation Modeling; SEM). AMOS 22.0, - (APIM),. (bootstrapping).,,,,. (r=-.18, p<.05), (r=-.19, p<.05), (r=-.33, p<.01).,. (r=.19, p<.05)., (r=-.33, p<.01), (r=-.39, p<.01), (r=-.24, p<.01),,. (r=.19, p<.05) (r=.20, p<.05). (r=.59, p<.01) (kurtosis) < 7, (skewness) < 2 (West, Finch, & Curran, 1995, pp ).,. AMOS (bootstrap) (Nevitt & Hancock, 2001), (, 2011;, 2009)..,,,,.

8 * *.17* **.32*.36** * -.33** ** * -.39**.36** *.06.59** -.24**.38**.27** ( )=. * p <.05. ** p < χ²(df=155)= , CFI=.98, TLI=.97, RMSEA= χ²(df=120)= , CFI=.98, TLI=.97, RMSEA=.05. CFI TLI.90, RMSEA.05.. (p<.01) ***p <.001.

9 ***p < χ²(df=155)= , NFI=.92, TLI=.97, CFI=.98, RMSEA=.05, 2. 1, (β=-.30, p<.001)...,, (β =-.34, p<.001)..., (β=.27, p<.01), (β=.31, p<.001) χ² df χ²/df NFI TLI CFI RMSEA (.03 ~.06) ) 1.

10 B β S.E. t *** *** ** *** ) 1. *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p < , 2 χ²(df=120)= , NFI=.93, TLI=.97, CFI=.98, RMSEA=.05

11 , 4. 2., (β=-.28, p<.001), (β=-.19, p<.05).,.., (β=-.23, p<.01),.,., χ² df χ²/df NFI TLI CFI RMSEA (.03 ~.07) ) 2.

12 ., (β=.28, p<.01). B β S.E. t ) 2. *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p < *** * ** **

13 .,.. 5., *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p < ** (-.16 ~.05) (-.19 ~.05) -.118* (-.29 ~ -.02) (-.19 ~.02) ) *** * -.070

14 *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p < ** ** (-.16 ~ -.12) (-.09 ~.02) (-.11 ~.01).004 (-.07 ~.07) ) *** , 1.,. 2.,. 6 7.,,..,,...

15 . (,, 2014; Lassri & Shahar, 2012; Lassri et al., 2016; Riggs, Cusimano, & Benson, 2011).,,,,. (Linehan, 1993; Morris et al., 2007; Shipman et al., 2005).... (, 2014),.,..,,,,., Shipman (2005) Fitness(2001)., (Fitness, 2001).,.,

16 ,,,.,.,,,.,,,,., (, 2007;, 2015; Riggs et al., 2011)..,., 80% 3.,., (Bloch, Haase, & Levenson, 2014).,. (multilevel modeling),.,. (Levenson et al., 2015),,..,.,.,

17 .,,,,.,.,.,,,,,.,.,,..,..,,... (1992).,., (1999).. (1), (2007).,., (2000). :. (1), (2002).

18 ,. (2004).,. (2014).,., (2015).. (6), (1999).,. (2011). :. (2014). (2015). (2007).,. (2015).,. (2006).,. (2000).,., (2010). :,. (2), , (1997). Trait Meta-Mood Scale :. (1), (2006).,., (2004). :. (3), , (2014). :. (1), (1988).,. (2009).. : S & M., (2013). :. (5), Berscheid, E. (1999). The greening of relationship science. American Psychologist, 54(4), Berzenski, S. R., & Yates, T. M. (2010). Research on intimate partner violence: A developmental process analysis of the contribution of childhood emotional abuse to relationship violence. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 19(2), Bloch, L., Haase, C. M., & Levenson, R. W. (2014). Emotion regulation predicts marital satisfaction: More than a wives tale. Emotion, 14(1),

19 Bradbury, L. L., & Shaffer, A. (2012). Research on dating relationships and intimate partner violence: Emotion dysregulation mediates the link between childhood emotional maltreatment and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 21, Cicchetti, D., & Barnett, D. (1992). Attachment organization in maltreatment preschoolers. Developmental Psychopathology, 3, Colman, R. A., & Widom, C. S. (2004). Childhood abuse and neglect and adult intimate relationships: A prospective study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(11), Cook, W. L., & Kenny, D. A. (2005). The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model: A model of Bidirectional effects in developmental studies. International Journal of behavioral Development, 29(2), Davis, J. L., Petretic-Jackson, P. A., & Ting, L. (2001). Intimacy dysfunction and trauma symptomatology: Long term correlates of different types of child abuse. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14(1), Donnellan, M. B., Larsen-Rife, D., & Conger, R. D. (2005). Personality, family history, and competence in early adult romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3), Ehrensaft, M. K., Knous-Westfall, H. M., Cohen, P., & Chen, H. (2015). How does child abuse history influence parenting of the next generation? Psychology of Violence, 5(1), Erikson, E. H. (1959). Identity and life cycle. New York, New York: International Universities Press. Fitness, J. (2001). Betrayal, rejection, revenge, and rorgiveness: An interpersonal script approach. In M. Leary(Ed.), Interpersonal rejection (pp ). New York, New York: Oxford University Press. Furman, W., & Shaffer, L. (2003). The role of romantic relationships in adolescent development. In P. Florsheim (Ed.), Adolescent romantic relations and sexual behavior: Theory, research, and practical implications (pp. 3-22). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate. Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, Glaser, D. (2002). Emotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): A Conceptual framework. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(6), Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), Herman, J. L. (1992). Trauma and recovery. New York, New York: Basic Books. Kemp, R., & Kemp, C. H. (1978). Child abuse. Fontana, California: Sage Publications. Kempe, C. H., & Helfer, R. E. (1974). The battered child(1st). Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. Kenny, D. A. (1995). The effect of nonindependence on significance testing in dyadic research. Personal Relationships, 2(1), Kenny, D. A. (1996). Models of interdependence in dyadic research. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 13, Kim, J., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(6),

20 Kinard, E. M. (1979). The psychological consequences of abuse for the child. Journal of Social Issues, 35(2), Krause, E. D., Mendelson, T., & Lynch, T. R. (2003). Childhood emotional invalidation and adult psychological distress: The mediating role of emotional inhibition. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(2), Lassri, D., & Shahar, G. (2012). Self-criticism mediates the link between childhood emotional maltreatment and young adults romantic relationships. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31(3), Lassri, D., Luyten, P., Cohen, G., & Shahar, G. (2016). The effect of childhood emotional maltreatment on romantic relationships in young adulthood: A double mediation model involving self-criticism and attachment. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8(4), Levenson, R. W., Haase, C. M., Bloch, L., Holley, S. R., & Seider, B. J. (2015). Emotion regulation in couples. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp ). New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York, New York: Guilford Press. Maneta, E. K., Cohen, S., Schulz, M. S., & Waldinger, R. J. (2015). Neglect linkages between childhood emotional abuse and marital satisfaction: The mediating role of empathic accuracy for hostile emotions. Child Abuse & Neglect, 44, McGee, R. A., Wolfe, D. A., & Wilson, S. K. (1997). Multiple maltreatment experiences and adolescent behavior problems: Adolescents perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 9(1), Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16(2), Nevitt, J., & Hancock, G. R. (2001). Performance of bootstrapping approaches to model test statistics and parameter standard error estimation in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 8(3), Rellini, A. H., Vujanovic, A. A., Gilbert, M., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2012). Childhood maltreatment and difficulties in emotion regulation: Associations with sexual and relationship satisfaction among young adult women. Journal of Sex Research, 49(5), Rellini, A. H., Vujanovic, A. A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2010). Emotional dysregulation: Concurrent relation to sexual problems among trauma-exposed adult cigarette smokers. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 36(2), Riggs, S. A., Cusimano, A. M., & Benson, K. M. (2011). Childhood emotional abuse and attachment processes in the dyadic adjustment of dating couples. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(1), Rusbult, C. E., Bissonnette, V. L., & Arriaga, X. B. (1998). Accommodation processes during the early years of marriage. In T. N. Bradbury(Ed.), The developmental course of marital dysfunction (pp ). New York, New York: Cambridge University Press. Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence

21 using the trait meta-mood scale. In J. W. Pennebaker(Ed.), Emotion, disclosure, and health (pp ). Washington, D.C.: Americal Psychological Assn. Shipman, K., Edwards, A., Brown, A., Swisher, L., & Jennings E. (2005). Managing emotion in a maltreatment context: A pilot study examining child neglect. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29(9), Snyder, D. K. (1979). Multidimensional assessment of marital satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and Family, 41(4), Spertus, L. I., Yehuda, R., Wong, M. C., Halligan, S., & Seremetis, V. S. (2003). Childhood emotional abuse and neglect as predictors of psychological and physical symptoms in women presenting to a primary care practice. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(11), Steele, B., & Pollock, C. (1974). A psychiatric study of parents who abuse infants and small children. In R. Helfer, & C. H. Kempe(Eds.), The battered child (pp ). Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. Stern, C. (1988). The recognition of child abuse. In P. Mother(Ed.), Child abuse (pp ). Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell. Szur, R. (1988). Emotional abuse and neglect. In P. Maher(Ed.), Child abuse (pp ). Oxford, England: Blackwell. Tyrka, A. R., Wyche, M. C., Kelly, M. M., Prcie, L. H., & Carpenter, L. L. (2009). Childhood maltreatment and adult personality disorder symptoms: Influence of maltreatment type. Psychiatry Research, 165(3), Waller, G., Corstorphine, E., & Mountford, V. (2007). The role of emotional abuse in eating disorders: Implications for treatment. Eating Disorders, 15(4), West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with non-normal variable: Problems and remedies. In R. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications (pp ). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Westen, D. (1994). Toward an integrative model of affect regulation: Applications to social- psychological research. Journal of Personality, 62(4), : : :

22 The Mediating Effect of Emotional Clarity and Emotion Regulation in the Relationships Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Romantic Relationship Satisfaction: Focusing on Actor and Partner Effects Keimyung University The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of emotional clarity and emotion regulation in the relationships between childhood emotional abuse and romantic relationship satisfaction. To test the hypothesized model, the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model(APIM; Kenny, 1996) was applied. The data were collected through a survey with 151 couples(n=302) in South Korea whose ages were between 18 and 35. They responded to questions regarding their childhood emotional abuse, emotional clarity, emotion regulation and, romantic relationship satisfaction. To analyze data, structural equation analysis was conducted using AMOS. The research findings are as follows: First, male s childhood emotional abuse had a direct effect on his romantic relationship satisfaction. Second, male s childhood emotional abuse had an indirect effects on his romantic relationship satisfaction through his emotion regulation. Third, female s childhood emotional abuse had an indirect effects on her romantic relationship satisfaction through her emotional clarity. These results suggest that emotional clarity and emotion regulation mediates the relationships between childhood emotional abuse and early adult romantic relationship satisfaction. Findings of this study provide implications of research and practice for couples with childhood emotional abuse. Key words : childhood emotional abuse, romantic relationship satisfaction, emotional clarity, emotion regulation, actor-partner effect(apim)

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지난 2009년 11월 애플의 아이폰 출시로 대중화에 접어든 국내 스마트폰의 역사는 4년 만에 ‘1인 1스마트폰 시대’를 눈앞에 두면서 모바일 최강국의 꿈을 실현해 가고 있다 : * 30~40.,, 30~40 646.,..,.,.,,,.. * (2014) 30~40. :,, (120-728) 34 Tel : 02-300-0899, E-mail : hyhong@mju.ac.kr 2009 11 4 1 1, (2014) 2014 8 4,000. (, 2012).. (2013) 77.4%, 53.9%. 61.6%, 11.5%, 1% (,