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1 Perspectives in Nursing Science Vol , 70-80, October, 2017 ISSN 조미경 1 구병철 2 김가란 2 천홍섭 2 이지영 2 이환희 2 조아라 2 황가람 2 강신후 2 오지현 2 진현아 2 을지대학교간호대학부교수 1, 을지대학교간호대학학부생 2 Perception on Nursing Practice of Total Care Service in Nursing Students Cho, Mi-Kyoung 1 Koo, Byung-Chul 2 Kim, Ga-Ran 2 Cheon, Hong-Seop 2 Lee, Jee-Young 2 Lee, Hwan-Hee 2 Cho, A-Ra 2 Whang, Ga-Ram 2 Kang, Shin-Hu 2 Oh, Ji-Hyeon 2 Jin, Hyun-A 2 1 Associate Professor, College of Nursing, Eulji University, Seongnam 2 Undergraduate Student, College of Nursing, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea Purpose: This study aims to identify the factors that affect the expected frequency of performance and the importance in nursing practice of total care service recognized by nursing college students. Methods: This is a descriptive study. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 288 nursing students of E university and data was collected and analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: The average scores for the expected frequency of performance and the importance in nursing practice of total care service were 4.07±0.58 and 4.00±0.50 respectively. The expected frequency of performance was found to have a significantly positive correlation with the importance in nursing practice. Additionally, the factors that influenced the degree of recognition in the expected frequency of performance and the importance in nursing practice of total care service among nursing students were comfortable care and respiratory care, respectively. Conclusion: The major finding of this study shows a significantly positive correlation between the expected frequency of performance and the importance in nursing practice. These results suggest that effective and systematic education is needed on factors affecting the expected frequency of performance and the importance in nursing practice for nursing college students. Key Words: Nursing care, Work performance, Nursing students 서론 1. 연구의필요성 최근가족구성원의핵가족화와함께, 경제활동에참여하는가족구성원의수가늘어나는가운데, 질병은더욱만성화되어환자들의재원기간이증가하고있다. 따라서가족구성원이환자를돌보는것은더어려워지고있으며이를대체하기위한간병인의수요는지속적으로증가하는상황이다. 1) 2015년보건복지부가조사한결과에따르면, 간병인고용으로인해사회가부담하는비용이연간 2조원을차지하고있으며전체의 료비용은증가하는추세이다. 2) 현재간병인의고용은간호체계와분리되어환자 ( 보호자 ) 와간병인간사적인계약의형태로이루어지고있다. 3) 하지만의료기관에서간병인업체를관리하는경우가 34.9%, 간병인업체를평가하는경우는 40.6% 로대부분체계적인관리가이루어지지않고있다. 4) 간병인을대상으로한정기적인교육은 37.4% 만이행해지고있으며교육시간역시평균연간 4.5시간미만으로국민건강을담보할수있는최소한의간병교육도실행되지못하고있는실정이다. 5) 이러한문제를해결하기위해정부는간호간병통합서비스정책을대안으로제시하였다. 간호간병통합서비스란건강보 주요어 : 간호간병통합서비스, 업무수행도, 간호대학생 Corresponding author: Cho, Mi-Kyoung College of Nursing, Eulji University, 553 Sanseong-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13135, Korea. Tel: , Fax: , ciamkcho@eulji.ac.kr 투고일 2017 년 9 월 29 일 / 심사완료일 2017 년 10 월 19 일 / 게재확정일 2017 년 10 월 20 일 c 2017 The Research Institute of Nursing Science Seoul National University

2 험급여형태로간호인력인간호사와간호조무사가팀을이루어환자에게통합적인간호서비스를제공하는것을말한다. 기존에는환자가입원비와간병비를개인적으로부담하여서비스를제공받았지만간호간병통합서비스의정책제도화를통해환자는입원비만을부담하면서비전문적인인력인간병인보다전문적인간호인력에의한질높은간호를받을수있게되었다. 결국간호간병통합서비스의기대효과는환자가질높은의료서비스를지속적으로제공받을수있다는점과간병비로인한사회적, 경제적부담이경감되는것이다. 6) 간호간병통합서비스에관한선행연구를살펴보면, 간호간병통합서비스병동이일반병동보다질높은간호서비스를제공하였고, 7) 간호사가환자의요구에부응하여즉각적인간호를수행함에따라환자의만족도또한높게나타났다. 8) 그러나, 현재간호간병통합서비스정책을전면시행하기위한간호사수가현저히부족하고간호간병통합서비스를시행하는시범병원에서조차간호인력이제대로분배되지않아서해당병동의간호사들은한정된간호인력으로비효율적인업무를수행하고있다. 6) 이에따라, 간호간병통합서비스병동에서는간호와간병에대한업무범위가혼재되어간병인이수행하던일상생활보조업무를간호사가수행하는일이발생하였고, 9) 기존간호업무외에도간병업무까지업무량이늘어나간호사의직무만족도저하, 직무스트레스증가라는결과를초래하였다. 10) 이에간호간병통합서비스병동에서간호업무를간호보조업무와간호업무로나누어수행한다면간호간병통합서비스병동에서소비자중심의양질의의료서비스를제공할수있을것이다. 현재간호교육과정에서간호대학은학생에게전인간호와양질의간호를수행하도록교육하고있지만간호간병통합서비스병동은일부병원에서만시범적으로운영되고있어간호대학생은간호간병통합서비스병동에서의실습기회가부족하다. 이에학생들은간병업무가포함된간호업무를명확하게파악하지못할뿐만아니라, 간호간병통합서비스에대한경험부족으로객관적인인식을가지는데어려움이있다. 11) 따라서본연구는교육과정을이수한간호대학생이간호사가되어현장에투입되었을때, 실제현장과교육과정의차이로인한갈등 10) 을겪어이직하는상황 12) 을피할수있도록하고, 간호간병통합서비스가전면시행되기전에간호업무에서발생될수있는문제점들을짚어보고자한다. 본연구는간호대학생의간호간병통합서비스간호업무에대한인식을파악하여교육과정내에서해결할수있는부분은교육과정개선을통해해결하고, 교육과정내에서해결하기어 려운간호인력부족과간호업무부담의문제는정책적합의도출을통해간호간병통합서비스의체계적확립을위한기초자료로이용될수있을것이다. 2. 연구목적본연구는간호대학생이인식하는간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도에영향을미치는요인을규명하기위해시행되었다. 이를위한구체적연구목적은다음과같다. 간호대학생의간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도에대한인식을파악한다. 간호대학생의특성에따른간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도에대한인식의차이를비교한다. 간호대학생이인식한간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도의관계를파악한다. 간호대학생이인식한간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도에영향을미치는요인을규명한다. 연구방법 1. 연구설계 본연구는간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도및이에영향을미치는요인에대한간호대학생의인식을파악하기위한서술적조사연구이다. 2. 연구대상본연구는경기도 S시 E대학의간호학과 1~4학년재학생을대상으로하며연구의목적을이해하고참여에동의한자로하였다. 연구의대상자산정근거는 G*Power 프로그램을이용하여양측검정유의수준 ( ).05, 효과크기 (f 2 ) 0.15, 검정력 (1-β).95, 예측변수 36개의다중회귀분석으로산출한결과 280명으로온라인자료수집의특성상대면설문조사가아니기때문에자료수집과정상발생할수있는높은탈락률을고려하여전학년재학생 338명에게설문URL을 SNS 메신저로발송하였다. 자료수집기간동안수집된자료는 288명이응답하였고, 14.8% 의탈락률이발생하였다. Vol ,

3 조미경 구병철 김가란등 3. 연구도구 1) 일반적특성본연구에서조사한대상자의일반적특성은성별, 나이, 학년, 종교유무, 임상실습여부, 간호간병통합서비스병동임상실습여부, 입원경험여부, 간병경험여부를조사하였다. 2) 간호간병통합서비스인식정도본연구에서간호간병통합서비스인식정도는간호간병통합서비스인식과간호간병통합서비스를실시할경우간호의질, 업무량, 책임정도의변화에대하여다음과같이질문하였다. 간호간병통합서비스인식정도는 간호간병통합서비스에대하여얼마나잘알고있습니까? 로, 간호간병통합서비스간호의질은 간호간병통합서비스를실시할경우간호의질은어떻게변할것으로예상하십니까? 로, 간호간병통합서비스간호업무량은 간호간병통합서비스를실시할경우간호사의업무량은어떻게변할것으로예상하십니까? 로, 간호간병통합서비스책임정도는 간호간병통합서비스를실시할경우간호사의책임정도는어떻게변할것으로예상하십니까? 로묻고, 각문항은 전혀모른다 또는 매우낮아진 ( 줄어든 ) 다 1점에서 매우잘알고있다 또는 매우높아진 ( 많아진 ) 다 5점의 Likert 척도로측정하였다. 각문항에대한점수가높을수록간호간병통합서비스인식정도와간호의질이높고, 업무량과책임정도는많다고인식하는것을의미한다. 3) 간호간병통합서비스간호업무기대수행빈도및업무중요도에대한인식간호간병통합서비스간호업무란간호사가대상자의간호요구를충족시키기위해포괄적간호를제공하기위해수행하는모든간호활동이다. 13) 간호업무에서기대수행빈도는한국표준간호행위분류에서제시한호흡간호, 투약및수혈, 안전간호, 측정및관찰, 영양간호, 배설간호, 위생관리, 운동및활동, 안위간호, 의사소통, 환자간호관리및정보관리, 영적지지의 12개대분류 ( 업무영역 ), 총 114개소분류로이루어진간호행위에대하여간호대학생이간호간병통합서비스병동에서간호사가수행할것으로기대하는업무의정도이다. 본연구에서사용한도구는 Gil 14) 이간호사대상으로간호간병통합서비스간호업무빈도를측정하고자개발한도구를 Lee 15) 가수정한도구로, 본연구에서는간호대학생이간호간병통합서비스간호업무를간호사가수행할것이라고기대하는간호업무의빈도로수정하여측정하였다. 각간호업무항목에대해 전 혀수행하지않는다 가 1점, 한달에한번정도수행한다 가 2점, 일주일에한번정도수행한다 가 3점, 하루에한번정도수행한다 가 4점, 하루에여러번수행한다 가 5점으로이루어진 Likert 척도로점수가높을수록해당업무에대한기대수행빈도가높다는것을의미한다. Lee 15) 의연구에서도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s 는.967이었고, 본연구에서기대수행빈도의 Cronbach s 는.984로나타났다. 업무중요도는위의간호간병통합서비스간호업무인 12개대분류, 총 114개소분류로구성된간호업무에대해간호대학생이중요하다고생각하는정도를의미한다. 본연구에서사용한도구는 Lee 15) 가간호사와간호대학생을대상으로간호간병통합서비스간호업무중요도를측정하고자개발한도구를저자의허락의받아간호대학생을대상으로사용하였다. 간호대학생이인식하는업무중요도는 전혀중요하지않다 1점에서, 매우중요하다 5점의 Likert 척도로점수가높을수록해당간호업무가중요하다는것을의미한다. Lee 15) 의연구에서도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s 는.988이었고, 본연구에서는도구의신뢰도 Cronbach s 는.989였다. 4. 자료수집자료수집은 2017년 8월 28일부터 9월 2일까지실시하였으며, 연구자는설문지배부전에홈페이지를통해연구의배경과목적, 참여대상, 연구방법과연구참여기간, 연구참여중중도탈락, 개인정보와비밀보장을설명하고연구대상자가자유의지에의해연구참여를스스로결정하도록 1차적으로안내하였고, 반대표들이간호대학생들의대화방에연구참여에대한홈페이지공지를확인하도록 2차적으로안내하였다. 연구자는자료수집을위해각학년의수업시간을고려하여자료수집일과시간을반대표들에게알아보고학생들이편안한시간에자료를수집하기위하여모든학생들이모일수있는강의시작전을이용하여자료를수집하였다. 연구자는공지한시간에강의실로가서본연구의목적과방법, 참여자의익명성보장과연구목적만으로자료를활용할것과참여하지않는것에대한어떠한불이익도없다는것을설명하였고, 간호대학생들이자유의지에의해연구참여를스스로결정하여설문지작성에대한동의서를서면으로작성하였다. 설문탈락률은높지만, 익명성보장과연구참여에대한자율성을확보하고자, 설문문항은인터넷 URL을반대표를통하여각반의학생들에게배포하였고 9월 2일까지설문을작성하도록하였다. 3, 4학년은블록제로학기가운영되기때문에대면하지않고연구에 72 Perspectives in Nursing Science

4 대한안내문과설문문항을인터넷 URL을통하여배포하였고, 안내문에연구의목적, 방법, 익명성보장, 참여의자율성, 철회시불이익이없다는것, 간호간병통합서비스에대한정보와본연구의목적을이해하고참여에자발적으로동의한다는문구를기재하여설문지를작성하는대상자의동의를확인하였다. Pilot test에서설문지작성에소요되는시간은약 15분이었다. 응답자는전체설문대상자 338명중 288명으로응답률은 85.2% 이다. 이중 288부의설문을자료분석에사용하였다. (4.36±0.58), 호흡간호 (4.33±0.56), 환자간호관리및정보관리 (4.31± 0.67) 의순서였다. 간호간병통합서비스간호업무중요도에대한인식의평균과표준편차는 4.00±0.50점이었고, 하위항목은 투약및수혈 (4.22±0.49), 호흡간호 (4.18 ±0.49), 안전간호 (4.16±0.52) 의순서였다 (Table 2). 3. 간호대학생의특성에따른간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도에대한인식비교 5. 자료분석자료의분석은 SPSS/WIN 21.0 통계프로그램을이용하여분석하였다. 대상자의일반적특성은빈도, 백분율, 평균과표준편차로분석하였고, 간호간병통합서비스간호업무기대수행빈도와업무중요도에대한인식은평균과표준편차, 범위를이용하여분석하였다. 대상자의특성에따른간호간병통합서비스간호업무기대수행빈도와업무중요도인식의차이검정은정규분포여부에따라 T검정과 Mann-Whitney 검정을사용하였다. 간호간병통합서비스간호업무기대수행빈도와업무중요도의상관관계는 Pearson 상관분석을사용하였다. 간호간병통합서비스간호업무기대수행빈도와업무중요도에영향을미치는요인은단계적다중회귀분석을사용하였으며, 모든분석에서유의수준은.05 미만을기준으로하였다. 간호간병통합서비스의간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도모두에서나이가 20.61세이상의학생들이나이가 세미만인학생보다높게인식하였고 (t=-4.03, p<.001, t=-2.75, p=.006), 실습유무에따라서간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도모두에서실습을경험한학생들이경험하지않은학생보다높게인식하였다 (t=-2.54, p=.011, t= -5.61, p<.001). 간호간병통합서비스인식도가 2.86점이상인학생들이간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도를높게인식하였다 (t=-2.56, p=.011). 간호간병통합서비스의질점수가 3.03점이상인학생들은간호간병통합서비스간호업무중요도를높게인식하고있었으며 (t=-2.82, p=.005), 간호간병통합서비스책임정도가 4.13점이상인학생들은간호간병통합서비스간호업무중요도를높게인식하고있었다 (t=-3.16, p=.002)(table 3). 연구결과 1. 간호대학생의일반적특성 성별은여성이 259명 (89.9%) 이었고, 나이는평균 20.61±1.96 세이었다. 실습을경험한학생이 132명 (46.2%) 이었고, 종교가있는학생이 127명 (44.1%) 이었다. 간호간병통합서비스의인식도평균과표준편차는 2.86±0.88 ( 범위 : 1~5) 점이었고, 간호의질은 3.03±1.00 ( 범위 : 1~5) 점, 간호사의책임정도는 4.13±0.73 ( 범위 : 1~5) 점이었다 (Table 1). 2. 간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도에대한인식간호간병통합서비스의간호업무기대수행빈도의평균과표준편차는 4.07±0.58점이었고, 하위항목은 투약및수혈 4. 간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도의상관관계간호대학생의간호간병통합서비스의간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도의상관관계분석결과두종속변수사이에통계적으로유의하게높은정적상관관계가있었다 (r=0.52, p<.001). 하위항목의상관계수는 0.14~0.51 (<.05) 의분포로모든하위항목에서통계적으로유의한정적상관관계가있었다 (Table 4). 5. 간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도인식에미치는영향요인분석간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도인식에영향을미치는요인을파악하기위하여기대수행빈도모델에는업무중요도의하위항목, 업무중요도모델에는 Vol ,

5 조미경 구병철 김가란등 Table 1. The General Characteristics of Participants (N=288) Characteristic Categories n(%) M±SD Min~Max Gender Male 29 (10.1) Female 259 (89.9) Age (year) < (53.5) 134 (46.5) 20.61± ~30 Grade Clinical practice Clinical practice in total care service ward* Religion Hospitalization experience Caregiver experience 1 grade 2 grade 3 grade 4 grade Have Don't have 83 (28.8) 73 (25.3) 82 (28.5) 50 (17.4) 132 (46.2) 156 (53.8) 54 (40.9) 78 (59.1) 127 (44.1) 161 (55.9) 124 (43.1) 164 (56.9) 159 (55.2) 129 (44.8) Perception of total care service < Quality of total care service < Work amount of total care service < (33.7) 191 (66.3) 170 (59.0) 118 (41.0) 161 (55.9) 127 (44.1) 2.86±0.88 1~5 3.03±1.00 1~5 4.15±0.94 1~5 Responsibility of nurses in total care service < (69.8) 87 (30.2) 4.13±0.73 1~5 *Missing value. 기대수행빈도의하위항목을투입하여분석했다. 이는기대수행빈도와업무중요도의총평균평점과각변수의하위항목간에높은상관관계가있지만각변수의총평균평점에각변수의하위항목이어떠한영향을주는지를확인하기위함이었다. 기대수행빈도모델에서, 단변량분석에서일반적특성중차이를보였던실습유무는질적변수이므로더미변수로, 나이, 간호간병통합서비스인식과종속변수인업무중요도하위항목은연속변수로진입하였고, 업무중요도모델에서도단변량분석에서일반적특성중차이를보인실습유무는더미변수로, 간호간병통합서비스간호의질, 책임정도와나이, 종석변수인기대수행빈도의하위항목은연속변수로진입하여단계적다중회귀분석을실시하였고, 유의수준 0.05를기준으로변수를선택, 유의확률 0.10을기준으로변수를제거하였다. 다중회귀분석결과, 오차의자기상관검증에서 Dubin-Watson 통계량은기대수행빈도에서 1.90, 업무중요도에서 2.05로자기상관이없 는것으로나타나잔차의등분산성과정규분포가정을만족하였고, 공차한계 (Tolerance) 는각각 0.39~0.96, 0.62~0.96으로 0.1 이상을나타냈으며, 분산팽창인자 (VIF) 도각각 1.04~2.55, 1.05~1.61로 10을넘지않아다중공선성의문제는없었다. 간호간병통합서비스간호업무기대수행빈도에영향을미치는요인은실습유무 (t=5.35, p<.001), 업무중요도의하위항목인안위간호 (t=2.88, p=.004), 위생간호 (t=2.62, p=.009), 영적간호 (t=2.38, p=.018) 이었고, 이 4개의요인으로이루어진기대수행빈도모델의설명력은 34.6% 였다 (F=38.88, p<.001). 간호간병통합서비스간호업무중요도에영향을미치는요인은기대수행빈도의하위항목인호흡간호 (t=4.47, p<.001), 안위간호 (t=3.04, p=.003), 위생간호 (t=3.10, p=.002), 간호간병통합서비스책임정도 (t=2.74, p=.007) 이었고, 이 4개의요인으로이루어진간호업무중요도모델의설명력은 30.3% 였다 (F= 32.21, p<.001). 74 Perspectives in Nursing Science

6 Table 2. The Importance and Expected Frequency of Performance in Nursing Practice of Total Care Service (N=288) Variables M±SD Min~Max Expected frequency of performance in nursing practice Medication & transfusion Respiratory care Patient care management & information management Assessment & observation Nutritional care Comfortable care Safety management Communication Exercise & activity Elimination care Hygiene care Spiritual support 4.07± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~5.00 Importance of nursing care Medication & transfusion Respiratory care Safety management Patient care management & information management Communication Assessment & observation Comfortable care Elimination care Nutritional care Spiritual support Exercise & activity Hygiene care 4.00± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~5.00 논의 본연구는간호대학생이인식하는간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도에영향을미치는요인을규명하기위해시행되었다. 본연구의간호간병통합서비스에대한간호대학생의인식도는 2.86점이고, 임상실습경험이있는간호대학생을대상으로한 Lee 15) 의연구에서는인식도가 3.41점으로본연구보다높았다. 이는임상실습을경험한학생이임상실습을경험하지않은학생보다간호업무를잘이해하였기때문인것으로생각된다. 본연구결과간호대학생의간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도는 투약및수혈, 호흡간호, 환자간호관리및정보관리 의순이었으며투약관련항목이가장높았다. 임상실습을경험한간호대학생을대상으로한 Lee 15) 와간호사대상의 Kim 등 16) 의간호간병통합서비스간호업무수행빈도중가장높았던항목은 환자간호관리및정보관리 인데반해본연구에서는 투약및수혈 이가장높게나타났다. 본연구결과를포함하여두연구에서간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도가높은항목은유사했으나, 순위는약간씩 차이가있었다. 이러한차이는본연구에서임상실습을경험하지않은간호대학생이포함되어간호업무항목중이론적으로중요하다고생각하는항목을현장실무에서많이수행할것이라고생각하였기때문에기대수행빈도가높게나온것이라고생각한다. 본연구결과대상자가가장높게생각하는간호간병통합서비스간호업무의중요도는 투약및수혈, 호흡간호, 안전간호 의순으로나타났으며, 이는 환자간호관리및정보관리, 투약및수혈, 호흡간호 등이상대적으로높게나타난 Lee 15), Kim 등 16) 의연구과비슷한결과였다. Lee 15) 와 Kim 등 16) 의연구에서 환자간호관리및정보관리 가가장높게나타난이유는간호사와실습경험이있는간호학생이대상이었기때문으로여겨진다. 직접간호를수행하기위해서간접간호인관리행정부분의 환자간호관리및정보관리 가실제현장실무에서다빈도로행해지고, 중요하다고여기는반면, 본연구에서는간호학생대부분이관리실습을경험하지않은상황이어서중요도측면에서는직접간호가더중요하다고생각하고관리행정과같은간접간호는덜중요하다고생각했기때문인것으로사료된다. Vol ,

7 조미경 구병철 김가란등 Table 3. Difference in Expected Frequency of Performance in Nursing Practice and Importance of Nursing Practice by General Characteristics (N=288) Characteristics Gender* Categories Male Female Expected frequency of performance in nursing practice Importance of nursing practice M±SD t or Z (p) M±SD t or Z (p) 3.99± ± (.447) 3.81± ± (.182) Age (year) < ± ± ± ± (.006) Clinical practice 3.90± ± ± ± (.011) Clinical practice in total care service ward 4.21± ± (.087) 4.10± ± (.462) Religion Don't have Have 4.06± ± (.776) 3.96± ± (.088) Hospitalization experience 4.09± ± (.554) 4.00± 3.99± (.822) Caregiver experience 4.10± ± (.464) 4.05± ± (.178) Perception of total care service < ± ± (.011) 3.95± 4.03± (.165) Quality of total care service < ± ± (.067) 3.93± ± (.005) Work amount of total care service < ± ± (.173) 4.00± ± (.857) Responsibility of nurses in total care service < ± ± (.079) 3.94± ± (.002) *Mann-Whitney test; Missing value. 본연구에서간호대학생이인식하는간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도총점과각항목간에높은정적상관관계를보였다. 이는간호대학생이인식하기에간호사가중요한업무를다빈도로수행할것이고, 간호업무의수행빈도가높은항목이간호사가중요하다고생각하기때문에많이수행할것이라고해석된다. Lee 15) 와 Gil 14) 은간호대학생, 간호사, 간병인을대상으로간호업무의수행도와중요도를연구하였는데, 이연구에서는간호업무의수행도와중요도간에상관분석을하지않았다. 반면, 내외과계임상간호사가인식하는간호역할행위의수행도와중요도를측정한 Lim 등 17) 의연구에서는내외과계임상간호사가인식하는간호역할행위의수행도와중요도간에높은상관관계를보였다. 본연구는실제간호업무를수행하지않은간호대학생을대상으로학생입장에서인식하는간호업무의기대수행빈도와중요도간의상관관계를확인하여, 실제간호를수행한간호사를대상으로한 Lim 등 17) 의연구에서의수행도와기대수행빈도의개 념에차이가있어두결과가일치한다고보기는어렵지만, 간호사와간호대학생모두수행빈도에따라중요도가높아진다는결과는비슷한맥락이다. 간호대학생을대상으로한간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도에가장큰영향을미치는요인은업무중요도의하위항목인안위간호이며, 임상실습유무, 업무중요도의하위항목인위생간호, 영적간호순이었다. 업무중요도의하위항목인안위간호의항목은통증사정및관리, 수면돕기, 정서적지지, 입원생활안내등으로환자의건강에대한요구를해결하는것이다. 선행연구 18) 에서도안위가인간에게기본적인건강요소이고, 간호의목적은대상자의편안함을찾도록도와주는것이기때문에안위간호는간호의목적에맞는특성을가지고있다고본다. 간호학생들은대상자에맞춘돌봄간호에초점을두도록교육을받기때문에안위간호가중요하다고생각하여기대수행빈도에영향을미치는것으로생각한다. 두번째요인은임상실습유무이다. 임상실습의목적은실무능력의향 76 Perspectives in Nursing Science

8 Table 4. Correlation of Expected Frequency of Performance in Nursing Practice and Importance of Nursing Practice (N=288) Variables Importance of nursing practice T 0.52 R Expected frequency of performance in nursing practice T R M Sm A N E H E Cc C p Ss r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) (.002) 0.14 (.015) 0.18 (.002) (.017) M (.001) 0.19 (.001) (.001) Sm 0.43 A N (.001) E 0.47 H E 0.49 Cc C (.003) p 0.41 Ss T=Total; R=Respiratory care; M=Medication & transfusion; Sm=Safety management; A=Assessment & observation; N=Nutritional care; E=Elimination care; H=Hygiene care; E=Exercise & activity; Cc=Comfortable care; C=Communication; P=Patient care management & information management; Ss=Spiritual support 상이라는선행연구 19) 결과를바탕으로임상실습을하게되면실무능력이향상되고임상실무에대한이해도가높아져간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도에영향을미친다고생각한다. 세번째요인인업무중요도의하위항목인위생간호는대상자스스로일상생활에서수행하는개인위생관리를할수없을때, 매우불편하게느낄것이고, 가족이아닌누군가대신해준다고하더라도대상자의안위감과자존감에영향을미칠것이기때문에간호대학생이간호업무기대수행빈도에영향을미치는요인으로인식하는것이라생각된다. 또한위생간호는철저한환경관리를통해감염을예방하는것이다. 최근 MERS 20), 잠복결핵 21), 주사기재사용 22) 등병원내감염과관련된기사는환자들이병원내감염에대하여민감하게 인식한다는것을보여주고있고, 보건복지부의환자안전지표결과는보호자나간병인이상주하는병동의요로감염, 병원내감염, 폐렴발생율이간호간병통합서비스실시병동보다 3~7 배가량높게보고하고있다. 2) 그결과간호학생들에게감염예방이중요하다는인식이생기고, 감염을예방하기위해서는표준주의지침에따르는간호업무의수행 23) 이중요하기때문에업무중요도의하위항목인위생간호가간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도에영향을주었다고생각한다. 네번째요인인업무중요도의하위항목인영적간호의항목은종교적지지, 임종환자가족지지, 임종시간호절차가있다. 과거우리나라의문화적특성은집밖에서사망하거나장례를치르는것에대해거부감이있었다. 하지만최근에는대부분의사 Vol ,

9 조미경 구병철 김가란등 Table 5. Influencing Factors on Expected Frequency of Performance in Nursing Practice and Importance of Nursing Practice (N=288) Expected frequency of performance in nursing practice Importance of nursingpractice Variables B SE t(p) B SE t(p) Intercept Clinical practice (ref.=) Importance Comfortable care Hygiene care Spritual support (.004) 2.62 (.009) 2.38 (.018) Responsibility of nurses in total care service (.007) Performance Resipiratory care Comfortable care Hygiene care (.003) 3.10 (.002) F(p) Adj. R Durbin-Watson Tolerance 0.39~ ~0.96 VIF 1.04~ ~1.61 *Stepwise multiple regression; Importance=Importance of nursing practice; Perfomance=Expected frequency of performance in nursing practice; VIF=Variance inflation factor. 망자가병원에서삶을마무리하며, 집에서사망하더라도병원에서장례식을치르는문화가형성되었기때문에 24) 병원에서임종대상자와가족을대상으로한업무중요도의하위항목인영적간호가기대수행빈도에영향을미치는것으로생각한다. 간호대학생의간호간병통합서비스간호업무중요도인식에영향을미치는요인은기대수행빈도하위항목호흡간호가가장큰요인으로나타났으며, 그다음으로기대수행빈도의하위항목인안위간호, 위생간호, 간호간병통합서비스에대한책임정도의순이었다. 간호업무중요도인식에영향을미치는요인중기대수행빈도의하위항목인안위간호, 위생간호는간호대학생이중요하다고생각한것을다빈도로실무현장에서수행할것이라고인식하기때문에간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도에모두영향요인으로나타난것으로사료된다. 간호업무중요도인식에가장큰영향을미치는요인으로기대수행빈도의하위항목인호흡간호의항목으로는호흡양상관찰, 기도유지, 심호흡과기침격려등이있는데, 이는 호흡간호 가환자의생명과직결되고, 호흡유지가불가능하다면다른어떤간호도의미를갖지못하며, 활력 징후에서항상측정하는호흡양상, 수술전후환자간호의주요항목인심호흡과기침격려는핵심간호술로도노출이많이되어있기때문에호흡간호의기대수행빈도가높다고생각하여, 업무중요도에영향을미치는것으로보여진다. 간호업무중요도인식에영향을미치는요인중간호간병통합서비스간호업무에대한책임정도는간병인이나보호자가상주하지않음으로인해간호사가담당환자를항상주시할수없는상황에서안전사고가발생하거나환자의상태가악화된줄모르고있다가발견이늦어져서적절한대처시점을놓칠까봐간호사들은부담을가지고있었고, 의료서비스행위자에대한법적책임이강화됨에따른안전사고에대한법적책임과, 직접간호의증가와발생할지모를의료분쟁에대비하기위한기록등에대한책임정도를부담스럽게느꼈다고보고한 Kim 25) 의연구결과와일치한다. 본연구는간호대학생의간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도에대한인식을대상자의특성에따라분석한후, 기대수행빈도와업무중요도의상관관계를파악하고기대수행빈도와업무중요도에영향을미치는요인을파악하였다. 연구결과를요약하면, 여러요인들중 안위간호, 78 Perspectives in Nursing Science

10 임상실습유무, 위생간호, 호흡간호 가기대수행빈도와업무중요도에큰영향을미쳤다는것을알수있다. 안위간호 의특성에따라서간호의목적과돌봄간호에대한이해도를높게만드는교육을할필요가있다. 위생간호 와 호흡간호 는간호대학생들이많이수행할것으로생각하며또한중요한간호라고생각한다는것을알수있다. 따라서 위생간호 와 호흡간호 와관련된지식과술기술은정확한절차로시행하도록교육할필요가있겠다. 또한간호대학생의간호업무에대한인식중간호사를대상으로하는선행연구에서가장높은수행빈도를보인 환자간호관리및정보관리 는교과과정내에서인식을높이도록교육할필요가있겠다. 결론 본연구는경기도 S시 E대학교 1~4학년 288명의간호대학생이인식하는간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도에영향을미치는요인을파악하기위하여수행되었다. 간호간병통합서비스간호업무의기대수행빈도와업무중요도는통계적으로유의한양의간상관관계를나타내었고, 종속변수인기대수행빈도와업무중요도모두각변수의하위항목인안위간호, 위생간호와임상실습유무가공통적인영향요인이었다. 이러한결과는간호대학생의간호간병통합서비스간호업무에대한기대수행빈도와업무중요도에영향을미치는요인에대해서효과적이고체계적인교육이필요함을시사하고있다. 또한간호사를대상으로한연구의간호간병통합서비스간호업무에대한수행빈도와업무중요도인식과상이한결과에대해서는간호대학생을대상으로추가적인교육내용개발에대한기초자료를제공하였다. 추후연구에서는기대수행빈도와업무중요도에대한대상자들의간호업무에대한인식이어떻게달라졌는지를비교하는종단적연구나대상자의주관적인식만이아닌객관적관찰조사를병행하는연구가필요하다. 또한현상에대한설명력이나인과관계를규명하는회귀분석보다는서로상관이높은요인들간주요종속변수에이르는경로와회귀를함께분석할수있는구조모형을통해본연구에서영향요인으로진입된주요종속변수의하위항목들의직 간접효과와매개 조절변수로기능하는하위항목을분석하는것이필요하겠다. REFERENCES 1. Kim MS. Analysis of factors that affect patients' use of personal caregiving services [dissertation]. Seoul: Korea University; Cho SA. Up to 100 million won facility improvement cost support to new participating institutions of comprehensive care service [Internet]. Sejong: Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2015 August 31 [cited 2017 Oct 23]. Available from: _MENU_ID=04&MENU_ID=0403&page=1&CONT_SEQ= &SEARCHKEY=TITLE&SEARCHVALUE= 포괄간호서비스 3. Choi R, Hwang B-D. Care education present condition for caregivers and awareness on legislation on the caregivers system. Korean Acad Care Manag. 2014;13: Jang JW. Pilot project for institutionalization of hospital comprehensive care service [Internet]. Seoul: Korean Institute of Hospital Management; 2012 July 24 [cited 2017 Oct 23]. Available from: _MENU_ID=04&MENU_ID=0403&page=1&CONT_SEQ= &SEARCHKEY=TITLE&SEARCHVALUE= 간병서비스 5. Kwak CY, Kim SJ, Kang KA, Yim ES. A study on the status and problems of formal caregiving system by hospitals in South Korea. J Korean Data Anal Soc. 2013;15(2): National Health Insurance Service. Guidelines for operation of hospital comprehensive nursing service in pilot project [Internet]. Seoul: National Health Insurance Service; 2014 [cited 2017 Oct 23]. Available from: metsno= &fileid=m _file Ryu JI. Comparative study about the clinical nurse's job satisfaction, quality of nursing service in between general ward and comprehensive ursing care service ward [dissertation]. Changwon: Changwon National University; Yoon HS, Lim JY, Kang MJ. Comparison of expectationperception between patient and nurse on nursing care service in comprehensive nursing care wards. J Korea Contents Assoc. 2017; 17(3): Lee E, Chang SS. Factors influencing depression of nurses among comprehensive nursing care service ward. Korean J Occup Health Nurs. 2016;25(4): Lee MK, Jung DY. A study of nursing tasks, nurses' job stress and job satisfaction in hospitals with no guardians. J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2015;21(3): Kim M-A, Nam S-H, Kim H-E. Changes in student nurses perception between initial and final clinical practice. J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs. 2004;11(1): Lee JM. Comparative study about the clinical nurse's job stress and turnover intention between a nursing care system wards and a general wards. J Soc Sci. 2016;33(1):1-48. Vol ,

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