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1 Elastomers and Composites Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 91~96 (June 2019) Print ISSN /Online ISSN DOI: A Study on the Physical Properties of Heat resistance and Cut resistance of Coating Gloves for Work Kyeong-Deok Pyo *, Eugene Jung **, and Cha-Cheol Park **, * R&D Center Dongrim New Material, 400, Miyul-ro, Samnangjin-eup, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50465, Republic of Korea ** Division of Energy & Bio Engineering Dongseo University, 47, Jurye-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan 47011, Republic of Korea (Received March 12, 2019, Revised April 3, 2019, Accepted April 9, 2019) Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different yarn twisting methods on physical properties. Plain single jersey structured fabrics were knitted from Kevlar yarn, and from Kevlar/HPPE, and from Kevlar/Basalt fiber, and from Kevlar/Glass fiber and Kevlar/Stainless steel fiber blended and core-spun yarns. and then, The fabrics were coated NBR Latex. The physical properties, including tear strength, modulus, degree of penetration, heat resistance, and cut resistance of the knitted fabrics were investigated and compared. Kevlar/HPPE blended yarn fabrics recorded the highest heat resistance (13 Sec.). and Kevlar/HPPE blended yarn fabrics had good cut resistance (Cut Level 4). Keywords: gloves, coating, heat resistance, cut resistance, NBR foam, latex Introduction 일반적으로작업용코팅장갑은그립성, 안정성및작업성을높이고작업시칼이나금속파편및유리등과같은날카로운것에손을보호하기위하여라텍스를도포하여제작한다. 1 작업용코팅장갑은손등부분은편직물소재로되어있으며, 손바닥부분만고무등의물질로코팅하여여러용도로사용하고있다. 2 작업용코팅장갑에사용되는원사는나일론사 (Nylon yarn), 스판 (Span), 면사 (Cotton) 또는폴리에스터사 (Polyester yarn) 등이있으며, 이러한원사로직조된작업용코팅장갑은내열및내절단성이미비하다는단점이있다. 3,4 이러한단점을보완하기위하여내열, 내절단성이우수한아라미드섬유, 폴리아릴레이트섬유, 유리섬유등을이용하여다양한연구가이루어지고있다. 아라미드섬유는 Dupont 사에서 Kevlar라는등록상표하에 1971년부터상업용으로제조해오고있고, 파라방향으로치환된배향성방향족단위들로이루어져있으며, 이러한구조에의해서높은강성, 유리전이온도및용해성을나타낸다. 5,6 내절단성이우수한원사는폴리아릴레이트 (polyarylate), 현무암사, 유리섬유, 스틸사등이있다. 폴리아릴레이트 (polyarylate) 섬유는고분자사슬구조에있어에스터결합 (-COO-) 이방향족고리를연결하는형태로되어있는전방향족폴리에스터로서고성능섬유중에서유일하게용융방사법에의해제조된다. 7,8 현재산업에서생산되고있는폴리아릴레이트섬유로는 1990년에시판되기 Corresponding author ccpark@gdsu.dongseo.ac.kr 시작한 Vectran 이유일하다. Vectran은고강력, 고탄성의섬유소재로서열방성액정고분자인 Vectra 수지를섬유화한것이다. 9 현무암사는지표에분출된마그마가오랜시간이경과되는동안상태의안정화가이루어진화강암의일종이며이를고온에서재용융을통하여섬유상으로얻어진환경친화성재료로기계적강도나화학적특성이우수하고내열특성으로초저온 ( 260 ) 에서고온 (800 ) 까지사용가능하다. 10 유리섬유는용융시킨유리를연신시키면서급냉하여아주가늘게섬유상으로만든것으로섬유화방법과형상에따라서다양하게분류되어진다. 유리섬유는내열성이우수한불연성이며, 내절단성도우수하다. 11,12 스틸사는스테인리스봉에 800 이상의고온을가하여마이크론굵기로뽑아낸후이를방적해실을만든다. 이렇게제조된스틸사는유연하여세라믹섬유등과같이부러지지도않고대전방지효과를가지고주로소방복, 용접봉, 제전복, 유리생산공장, 장갑, 바닥재, 자동차등에사용된다. 13,14 Kevlar 방적사는내열성이우수한반면에잔털이많아코팅액이스며들지못하고박리가일어나며, 필라멘트형태의섬유들은코팅액을잡아줄수있는코팅사이트가없어박리가일어난다. 본연구에서는커버링방법을통하여내열성이우수한 Kevlar 방적사에내절단성이우수한 HPPE (High performance polyester), 현무암사, 유리섬유, 스틸사를각각 100, 200, 300 TPM (Twister per meter) 으로커버링하여복합사를제조하고이를이용한편직물의물리적특성, 코팅액의침투도, 내열및 내절단특성을측정하여고찰하였다.

2 92 Kyeong-Deok Pyo et al. / Elastomers and Composites Vol. 54, No. 2, pp (June 2019) Experimental 1. 실험재료 본실험에서사용한원사의 Deiner는장갑의착용감을고 려하여선정하였다. 내열성이우수한원사로 Dupont사의 Kevlar 방적사 20/2를사용하였으며, 내절단성이우수한원사 로 Fiber Line사의 HPPE사 200D (Denier) 를, Sinotech사의현 무암사 100D를, Qinhuangdao Xinghai사의유리섬유 100D를, Longxing사의 Steel fiber 0.06 mm를사용하였다. 2. 복합사제조방법 Texmax사의더블커버링기계 DK-20CA를사용하여 Kevlar 방적사에 HPPE사, 현무암사, 유리섬유및스틸사를 TPM 100, 200 및 300으로각각커버링하여아래와같은방법으로 복합사를제조하였다. 커버링장비의회전수를조절하고중 심사, Z축원사및 S축원사를보빈에장착한후, 중심사를장 비아래회전부에투입하여일정한속도로원사가풀어지게 한다. 일정한속도로풀어지는중심사를 Z축보빈중심에있 는키걸이에장착후, 보빈중앙을통해서중심사를위로올 린다. 위로올려진중심사및 Z축보빈에장착되어진원사를 같이잡고 Z축보빈을회전하고있는벨트에부착시켜커버 링시킨다. 커버링되고있는중심사와 Z축보빈에있는원사 를 S축보빈중심에있는키걸이에장착후, 보빈중앙을통 해서위로올린후 S축보빈에장착된원사와함께잡은후, S 축을벨트에부착시켜커버링시킨다. 그후커버링되고있는 커버사를지반에감아고정대에장착시켜최종적으로복합사 를제조하였다. 3. 코팅장갑제조방법 Table 1. Specification of Knitted Fabric Specimens. Specimens Specification T.P.M K Kevlar 0 H 100 Kevlar/HPPE 100 H 200 Kevlar/HPPE 200 H 300 Kevlar/HPPE 300 B 100 Kevlar/Basalt Fiber 100 B 200 Kevlar/Basalt Fiber 200 B 300 Kevlar/Basalt Fiber 300 G 100 Kevlar/Glass Fiber 100 G 200 Kevlar/Glass Fiber 200 G 300 Kevlar/Glass Fiber 300 S 100 Kevlar/Steel Fiber 100 S 200 Kevlar/Steel Fiber 200 S 300 Kevlar/Steel Fiber 300 Table 2. Blade Cut Level. Cut Level Weight Needed to cut with 1 (25 mm) Blade Travel 장갑편직물은 Shima Seiki사의 10수편직기계를사용하여제조하였다. 편직된장갑을염수처리후탈수과정을거친다음염수처리된장갑을몰드에삽입하여코팅액에침지후건조하여라텍스코팅장갑을제조하였다. 4. 물리적특성측정방법 편직물의인열강도특성은 EN388 규격에따라측정하며시험편을제작하여측정하고, 이때시험편은 5개로하며 cross head speed는 200 mm/min. 으로측정하였다. 내열특성은 KS K ISO 9151 규격에따라측정하며열전달지수 (Heat transfer index, HTI 24/sec ) 는시험편을 24 승온시키는데걸리는초단위로계산된평균시간값을의미한다. 내절단특성은 EN388 규격에따라측정하며표준물질로기준값 (Blade cut index 1) 을구하고 Blade cut index 1에대한비율로서 1~5급까지급수를정한다. 코팅부의코팅침투도특성은장갑안감손바닥부위에코팅이침투된정도를이미지프로그램을통하여 % 로산출하였으며, SEM을통하여침투정도를확인하였다. Results and Discussion 1. 복합사종류에따른편직물의인열강도특성 Blade Cut Resistance (Cut Index) 0 < 119 < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ >2000 >20 Kevlar 방적사에 HPPE사, 현무암사, 스틸사, 유리섬유를커버링한복합사를사용하여코팅장갑용편직물을제조하고물리적특성을조사하였다. EN388 인열강도시험은싱글인열법으로시험편을바지모양형태로하여직물의인열강도를구하는방법이다. 15 인열강도는인열에대한저항성으로인열시편이인열되기까지최대응력을시편두께로나눈값이다. 16 복합사의종류에따른편직물의인열강도특성을 Figure 1 에나타내었다. HPPE사를 100, 200, 300 TPM으로커버링한편직물의경우, 100 TPM으로커버링했을때, 인열강도가 56N에서 187N으로급격하게증가하다가 200, 300 TPM에서는 204N, 208N으로소폭증가하는경향을보였으며, 현무암사, 유리섬유, 스틸사로커버링된편직물의경우는 100 TPM 에서 58N, 200 TPM에서 62N, 300 TPM에서 70N으로인열

3 A Study on the Physical Properties of Heat resistance and Cut resistance of Coating Gloves for Work 93 Figure 1. Tear strength of knitted fabric specimens. Figure 3. Heat Transfer Index of knitted fabric specimens. 강도값이거의증가하지않았다. 이러한이유는인열에의해섬유에전단응력이발생하면유리섬유, 현무암사, 스틸사는 brittle하여부러지게되지만폴리에스터섬유는유연하게방향이변화됨으로써크랙의시작점에섬유가모이는볼링 (balling) 현상이발생되기때문으로이해된다 복합사종류에따른편직물의탄성률특성 Figure 2는복합사두께에따른탄성률특성을나타내었다. 복합사의두께가증가할수록단위면적당편직물의올수증가로인해탄성률은증가하는경향을보였다. 편직물두께 1.65 mm 부근에서편직물의탄성률특성을비교하면 HPPE사를이용한편직물이 4.91Mpa로가장높게나타났으며, 유리섬유가 4.19Mpa를, 스틸사는 1.66Mpa를나타내었다. 현무암사는 0.55Mpa로 HPPE사, 유리섬유, 및스틸사로커버링한편직물보다현저히낮게나타났다. 이러한이유는각각의성 분분량을제어하지않고원석을사용하는현무암섬유의제조방법에기인하는것으로생각된다 복합사종류에따른편직물의내열특성복합사의종류에따른편직물의내열특성을 Figure 3에나타내었다. HTI (Heat transfer index) 지수는장갑안쪽의온도가 24 상승하는데소용되는시간을측정한값이다. 이는피부가고통을느끼며화상을입지않는대략적인시간이며, HTI 값이클수록내열성이우수하다고판단할수있다. TPM 이 100일때, Kevlar 방적사 /HPPE 복합사를이용한편직물의내열성은 12.5초로기본 Kevlar 방적사편직물대비내열성이 4.2초증가하였다. TPM이 200 및 300일때는 12.9초, 13.2초로 TPM 증가에따른내열변화는크게없었다. 현무암사, 유리섬유및스틸사를이용한편직물의경우, 내열성은 TPM이 100 일때, 9.5초, 200 TPM 일때, 10초를나타내었으며, 300 TPM 일때, 11초로내열성증가폭이크지않았다. 이는일반적으로편직물의공기층의두께가열전도성에큰기여를하므로편직물의두께, 밀도에따른영향으로판단되어진다 복합사종류에따른편직물의내절단특성 Figure 2. Relative modulus versus the thickness of knitted fabric specimens. 내절단시험의원리는표준시료인면시료대비장갑시료가몇번의칼날회전후에절단되는지확인하는시험이다. 그래서내절단시험의단위는 지수 로표기된다. 19 Figure 4는복합사의종류에따른편직물의내절단특성을나타내었다. 내절단성이낮은 Kevlar 방적사에내절단성이우수한원사를커버링함에따라서내절단성이증가하는경향을보였다. Kevlar 방적사는 Index 3.5 (Cut Level 2) 로매우낮은수치를보였으며, 유리섬유및현무암사를 300 TPM으로커버링함에따라서내절단성 Index 지수가 28, 26으로가장높

4 94 Kyeong-Deok Pyo et al. / Elastomers and Composites Vol. 54, No. 2, pp (June 2019) Figure 4. Blade Cut Resistance of knitted fabric specimens. Figure 5. Degree of penetration of knitted fabric specimens. 게 나타났다. 스틸사를 TPM 300으로 커버링하여 편직한 장 갑의 경우는 Index 3.5 (Cut Level 2)에서 Index 15.2 (Cut Level 4)로 증가하였고 내절단 원사 중에서는 가장 낮은 수치 를 보였다. HPPE사의 경우, Index 3.5 (Cut Level 2)에서 Index 17.5 (Cut Level 4)로 증가하였으며, 유리섬유나 현무암사를 커버링한 복합사보다 내절단 특성은 낮은 수치를 나타내었으 나, HPPE사를 커버링함에 따라서 Kevlar 방적사 단독으로 편 직된 편직물 대비 50% 이상 향상된 내열 특성을 가질 수 있 었으며, 내절단성 또한 향상되어 작업용 코팅장갑으로서 뛰 어난 보호 성능을 나타내었다. 5. 복합사 종류에 따른 편직물의 코팅 침투도 특성 복합사의 종류에 따른 편직물의 코팅 침투도 특성을 Figure Figure 6. SEM morphology of knitted fabric specimens; (a) K, (b) B 200, (c) H 200, (d) S 200, (e) G 200.

5 A Study on the Physical Properties of Heat resistance and Cut resistance of Coating Gloves for Work 95 5에나타내었다. TPM이증가할수록장갑의라텍스침투도가증가하는경향을보였으며, 유리섬유로커버링하여편직한장갑의침투도가가장높게나타났다. 반면에현무암사로커버링하여편직한장갑의침투도특성이가장낮게나타났다. 편직물내부로코팅액침투가적으면코팅박리가일어나기쉽고침투가너무많으면착용감이저하되는우려가있다. 코팅침투도평가를진행하면서 HPPE 사및현무암사로커버링한편직물의경우코팅침투도가 5% 미만으로착용감이우수했으며, 코팅이박리되는현상도개선되었다. 6. 복합사종류에따른편직물의코팅특성편직물에라텍스코팅을하여편직부와코팅부의단면을 SEM을통하여코팅박리, 코팅침투정도를관찰하였다. Kevlar 방적사에 200 TPM으로, 커버링사종류에따라커버링하여편직물을제조하고라텍스코팅후, 편직물과코팅물의단면을전자현미경으로측정하여코팅성을관찰하였다. Figure 6(a) 에 Kevlar 방적사단독으로사용하여편직물을제조하여장갑을코팅한경우, Kevlar 방적사의잔털량이많아코팅이이루어지지않고코팅박리가일어나는현상이 SEM 을통하여확인할수있었다. 또한, TPM이높을수록라텍스침투도가증가하는결과로보아침투를방해하는요소인과도한기모량이낮아지면서코팅사이트가제어되어코팅특성이향상된것을확인할수있었으며, Figure 5에나타낸코팅침투도특성과유사한결과을나타내었다. 기모량이높은 Kevlar 방적사를내절단성이우수한원사로커버링함으로써복합사의코팅사이트제어가가능하여코팅성이향상되었고, 내열성및내절단성또한향상되었다. Conclusions 내열성이우수한 Kevlar 방적사에내절단성이우수한 HPPE사, 현무암사, 유리섬유및스틸사를 TPM에따라서커버링하여복합사를제조하고제조된복합사를이용하여장갑을편직한후장갑의내열, 내절단특성및코팅성을실험하였다. 내열특성은 HPPE사를커버링한편직물이가장우수하게나타났으며, Kevlar 방적사단독편직물대비 HPPE사를커버링한경우, 내열특성이 50% 이상향상되었다. 내절단특성은유리섬유및현무암사로커버링한편직물의경우가 Cut Level 2에서 5로향상되어가장우수하게나타났으며, HPPE 사로커버링한편직물이 Cut Level 2에서 4로향상되었다. Kevlar 방적사는기모밀도가높아코팅을하여도코팅액이쉽게침투되지않아코팅박리현상이일어나기쉽다. 하지만내절단성원사를커버링함으로써 Kevlar 방적사의기모밀도를낮추고내열, 내절단성을향상시키면서코팅액이장갑에침투되도록하여코팅의박리현상을없앨수있었다. 내열, 내 절단, 코팅침투도특성을고려했을때, HPPE사를커버링하여편직한경우가, 손을보호하는작업용코팅장갑으로써활용도가높을것으로사료된다. Acknowledgements 본연구는산학연협력기술개발사업 내열및내절단성이우수한고성능편직물의코팅사이트제어기술개발 (C ) 연구결과의일부입니다. References 1. J. I. Hwang and M. J. Suh, Adverse Reaction to Surgical Latex Gloves, The Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing, 9, 199 (1997). 2. S. K. Kim, K. S. Kim, and S. H. Cho, Preparation and Properties of Insulating Rubber Gloves for Safety Protection, Elastomers Composite, 36, 262 (2001). 3. H. A. Kim, H. W. Jang, K. Heo, S. J. Kim, and S. J. Kwon, The Physical Property of Nylon/PP Warm-up Knitted Fabric for High Emotional Garment, Textile Coloration and Finishing, 26, 22 (2014). 4. Y. W. Kim, A Study on Defects Due to Air Bubbles in the PU-Coating Gloves and Enhanced Molds to Reduce the Defects, The Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers, 16, 55 (2007). 5. L. H. Choi, M. R. Park, H. Y. Ma, Y. H. Kang, and S. J. Kim, Physical Property of Aramid ATY filament According to the ATY Nozzle Diameter, The Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers, 46, 65 (2012). 6. S. R. Choi, T. W. Son, and D. H. Jang, Preparation of High Modulus Aramid Fiber, Journal of the Korean Fiber Society, 34, 868 (1997). 7. Y. G. Jung and B. G. Min, High Performance Polyarylate Fiber, Fiber Technology Industry, 15, 22 (2011). 8. D. W. Kang, H. J. Kang, H. S. Jung, and Y. M. Lee, Solid State Interfacial Phenomena of High Performance Two Phase Polymer System, The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 8, 49 (1997). 9. H. S. Lee, Y. Kim, W. N. Kim, J. C. Hyun, and T. S. Oh, Properties of Blends a Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer with Polyphenylene Sulfide, The Korean Journal of Rheology, 6, 96 (1994). 10. H. U. Lee, J. H. Lim, and You. Huh, Influence of Basalt Composition on the Tensile Properties of Basalt Fibers, Textile Science and Engineering, 48, 214 (2011). 11. B. K. Park, Glass fiber, Journal of the Korean Fiber Society, 2, 203 (1990).

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