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1 Clinical Article The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine 2012;30(1): 성장기아동의 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른혈중 IGF-I 분비양상과신체구성, 골연령및 12 주복합운동의효과 Association of IGF-I Gene Polymorphism with Blood Concentration of IGF-I, Body Composition, Bone Age and Response to Combined Exercise Program in Teen-Aged Children Kijin Kim, PhD Department of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea Association of insulin like growth factor (IGF)-I gene polymorphism with blood concentration of IGF-I, body composition, bone age and response to combined exercise program in teen-aged children. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are the differences of blood concentration of IGF-I, body composition, bone age and response to combined exercise program according to IGF-I gene polymorphism in Korean teen-aged children. Subjects were recruited by 143 teen-aged children (male: 78, female: 65) from elementary school. Twelve weeks exercise program was consisted of resistance training and aerobic exercise. For the comparison of items and responses to combined exercise program according to IGF-I gene polymorphism, blood concentration of IGF-I, skinfold thickness, body circumferences, and growth markers were measured at baseline and after intervention. Body weight, %fat, BMI, skinfold thickness, circumferences, blood concentration of IGF-I, and bone age showed no significant differences following to IGF-I gene polymorphism. Although body composition and blood concentration of IGF-I showed a positive change after 12 week exercise training, 12 week exercise-mediated changes of body composition and blood concentration of IGF-I showed no significant differences following to IGF-I gene polymorphism. In conclusion, IGF-I gene polymorphism no contributed to the differences of body composition, blood concentration of IGF-I, and 12 week exercise-mediated these changes in teen-aged children. Key Words: IGF-I gene polymorphism, Children, Growth, Exercise, Body composition Received: March 5, 2012 Revised: May 14, 2012 Accepted: May 15, 2012 Correspondence: Kijin Kim, PhD Department of Physical Education, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu , Korea Tel: , Fax: kjk744@kmu.ac.kr 성장과정에서개인의유전적정보는성장과관련된다양한호르몬의분비양상에영향을미친다. 특히성장호르몬의분비양상과밀접한관련성이있는 insulin like growth factor (IGF)-I 은성장촉진에영향을미치는데 1), IGF-I 유전자다형성에따라서혈중 IGF-I의분비양상이차이를나타낼가능성이제시됨 제 30 권제 1 호

2 K Kim. Association of IGF-I Gene Polymorphism with Exercise-mediated Changes in Teen-aged Children 으로써성장과관련된중요인자로간주되어왔다 2). IGF-I의영향을크게받는성장호르몬 3) 은뼈와골격근의성장에직접적인영향을미치거나간접적으로뼈와근육의 IGF-I 생성을자극하며 4,5), 생성된 IGF-I은뼈의길이성장과밀도를증가시키는작용을한다 6). IGF-I은유사분열에관여하여생리기능을활성화시키는물질로서성장호르몬을통하여간에서분비되며, 일반적으로성장과정이가장왕성한사춘기에 IGF-I 분비량은최고수준에이르게된다. 또한 IGF-I은근육의동화과정에서 myoblast와연골의증식에영향을미치면서근육발달에중요한역할을수행하며 7), 성장기아동의신체구성및근육량과도밀접한관련성이있는것으로보고되었다 8). IGF-I 유전자의다형성은 IGF-I 유전자프로모터의 cytosineadenosine dinucleotide (CA) repeat가반복되는횟수에따라서구분되는데, 주로 19 CA repeat (192 bp) 를대립유전자를기준으로한 homozygous, heterozygous 및 non-carriers와같이 3가지형태로구분된다. Rietveld 등 9) 은 IGF-I 유전자다형성의 192 bp에서유전인자를나타내는대상자는 non-carriers보다혈중 IGF-I의농도가높게나타난다고보고한반면, Rosen 등 10) 은 192 bp에서유전인자를나타내는대상자는 non-carriers보다혈중 IGF-I의농도가낮게나타난다는상반된결과를제시한바있다. 따라서성장기아동의 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른혈중 IGF-I 농도의차이는제지방량및체지방량과관련된신체구성, 신체둘레및두께변인에영향을미칠수있으며, 아동의성장을예측하는중요한지표가될가능성이있으므로추가적인연구가요구된다. 이와관련하여국내에서시도된아동성장과관련하여 IGF-I 유전자의영향을분석한연구는 IGF-I의다형성에따른성장지표를파악하거나 11,12), 운동처치전과후의 IGF-I의발현양상을분석한연구 13) 들이주류를이루어왔지만 IGF-I의유전자다형성에따른혈중 IGF-I의분비양상과신체구성을포함한성장지표의차이및운동의효과에대한시도는크게미흡하다. 이에본연구는 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른혈중 IGF-I의분비양상과신체구성을포함한성장지표의관련성을살펴보고아울러 12주간의복합운동프로그램처치후변화양상의차이를분석하여 IGF-1 유전자가성장기아동의성장상태와운동수행효과에어떤영향을미치는지규명하고자한다. 1. 본연구의대상자는대구광역시소재초등학생으로서복합운동프로그램에참여한 143명 ( 남 : 78, 여 : 65) 으로구성하였다. 실험전모임을통해연구계획에대하여충분한설명을하였고, 학부모와함께실험참여동의서를작성하였다. 대상자의신체적특성은 Table 1에서나타난바와같다. Table 1. Physical characteristic of subject Item (n=16) Age (yr) Height (cm) Weight (kg) LBM (kg) BMI (kg/m 2 ) WHR 0.83 %fat Male Female Total F-value (n=36) (n=7) (n=32) * * (n=23) (n=68) (n=52) G P G P Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. : homozygous, : heterozygous, : non-carriers, G: gender, P: polymorphism, LBM: lean body mass, BMI: body mass index, WHR: waist-hip ratio. *p<0.001 compared to male group; p<0.001 main effects in group. 56 대한스포츠의학회지

3 김기진. 성장기아동의 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른운동효과 2. 선정된대상자는 12주간복합운동프로그램을실시하였으며, 운동프로그램전과후의체력측정하루전날공복상태로주정중피정맥 (antecubital vein) 에서채혈을실시하였다. 대상자의 IGF-I (homozygote, heterozygote, non-carriers type) 유전자다형성을분석하였으며, 3가지유전자다형성에따라서, 및 그룹으로구성하였다. 신체구성, 신체둘레, 피하지방두께및성장지표를분석하였으며, 자세한분석항목및방법은다음과같다. 1) 신장및체중을측정하였으며, body mass index (BMI) 는 체중 / 신장 2 (kg/m 2 ) 의공식으로산출하였다. 피하지방두께는 Skinfold caliper (Skyndex, Fayetteville, AR, USA) 를이용하여상완삼두근흉부, 복부, 장골능상부및대퇴전부를측정하였으며, 피하지방두께를이용한체지방률산출방법 14,15) 으로체지방률을산출하였다. 2) IGF-I IGF-I 유전자분석은 Larsen 등 16) 의방법을이용하였다. 확인된 DNA를중폭하기위하여중합효소연쇄반응 (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) 을실시하였다. forward primer는 FAM-5 - GCTAGCCAGCTGGTGTTATT-3, backward primer는 5 - ACCACTCTGGAGAAGGGTA-3 (Bionics, Seoul, Korea) 이다. PCR 후증폭된산물 0.5 ul와 10μL의 Hi-Di Formamide와 0.2μL의 Mapmarker 1000 size standard (Bioventures, Murfreesboro, TN, USA) 를혼합한후 96 o C, 5분간변성시키고얼음에 5분간방치하였다. Applied Biosystems 3100 DNA analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) 로 capillary electrophoresis를실시하고 GeneScan Analysis Software 3.7과 Genotyper software 3.7을이용하여시료의 CA repeat을분석하였다. IGF-I 유전자의실제 CA repeat와 capillary electrophoresis의 size를보정하기위하여 IGF-I 유전자의염기서열분석을하였다. 증폭산물은 ABI PRISM BigDye-Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems, USA) 를이용하여 sequencing PCR을실시한후 AppliedBiosystems 3100 DNA analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA) 를이용하여 DNA 염기서열을분석하였다. 3) IGF-I 혈중 IGF-I 농도의측정은 Human IGF-I ELISA kit (ELH-IGF I-001, RayBio, Norcross, GA, USA) 를이용하여 kit에서제공된메뉴얼의분석방법에따라진행한후 microplate reader (ELx800, BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA) 로측정하였다. 먼저 microtitration strips에각각의 standard, control 그리고혈청을각각 20μL의 antibody-enzyme conjugate concentrate를첨가하여만든 antibody-enzyme conjugate solution을각각의 well에 100μL씩첨가한다음실온에서 1시간동안 Multi-Purpose Rotator (Barnstead, Boston, MA, USA) 로혼합하였다. 그후 washing solution을첨가하여 5회세척한다음 100μL 의 TMB solution을첨가한후실온에서 15분동안혼합하고마지막으로 stopping solution을 100μL 첨가하여반응을정지시켰다. 흡광도측정은 stop solution을첨가하여반응을정지시킨후 30분이지나기전에 Microplate Reader (ELx800, BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA) 를이용하여흡광도 450 nm에서측정하였다. 4) 골연령을측정하기위하여수부를 X-선촬영하였으며, TW2방법 17) 을적용하여수부의요골, 척골, 중수골 (1, 3, 5번 ), 기절골 (1, 3, 5번 ), 중절골 (3, 5번 ), 말절골 (1, 3, 5번 ) 의골형태에따라서부여된등급의점수를합산하여골연령을평가하였다. 5) 운동프로그램은 ACSM 18) 이권고한운동처방을토대로자체적으로구성하였다. 운동강도는하버드스텝테스트를이용한최대산소섭취량추정공식을이용하여산출된최대산소섭취량을이용하여최대심박수를추정하였다, 운동강도는최대심박수의 60-75% 수준의중강도운동프로그램으로구성하였다. 운동프로그램수행중대상자들의심박수를확인하여운동프로그램이중강도의운동프로그램인지를확인하였으며, 4주간격으로목표심박수를조정하였다. 운동시간은휴식없이총 40분, 운동빈도는주 3회로총 12주간학교체육시간을활용하여실시하였다. 유산소운동과근력트레이닝이복합적으로이루어지도록프로그램을구성하였으며, 운동프로그램은 Table 2와같다. 3. 통계분석을실시하기전운동의효과를분석하기위하여각대상자들의사후측정값에서사전값을뺀후의값을통계에 제 30 권제 1 호

4 K Kim. Association of IGF-I Gene Polymorphism with Exercise-mediated Changes in Teen-aged Children 사용하였다. SPSS ver (IBM Co., Armonk, New York, USA) 통계패키지를이용하여측정항목별평균및표준편차를산출하였으며, 성별과 IGF-I 유전자의다형성에따른그룹간분석항목의차이를분석하기위하여 two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) 분석을실시하였다. 주효과가나타날경우남과여각각의그룹은 IGF-I 다형성에따른평균의차이를검정하기위하여 one-way ANOVA를실시하였고, 사후검정은 Tukey법을이용하였다. IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른남녀간의차이는 t-test를실시하였다. 통계적유의수준은 p<0.05로설정하였다. 1. 연령, 신장, 체중, 제지방체중, 신체질량지수및체지방률은 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른그룹과성별의주효과에의한유의한차이는없었으며, 그룹및성별간에유의한상호작용 도없었다. 그러나 waist-hip ratio는성별간에유의한 (p<0.01) 차이가나타났으며, 및 그룹에서남성이여성보다 WHR이유의하게 (p<0.001) 높은것으로나타났다 (Table 1). 신체둘레변인들중에서상완, 엉덩이및대퇴둘레는 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른그룹과성별의주효과에의한유의한차이는없었으며, 그룹및성별간에유의한상호작용도없었다. 그러나허리둘레는성별에서유의한 (p<0.01) 주효과가나타났으며, (p<0.05) 및 (p<0.001) 그룹에서남성이여성보다허리둘레가유의하게높은것으로나타났다 (Table 3). 모든부위의피하지방두께는 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른그룹및성별간에상호작용이나타나지않았으며, 성별및 IGF-I 유전자다형성그룹에대한각각의주효과도없는것으로나타났다 (Table 4). 2. IGF-I 혈중 IGF-I의농도는 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른그룹및성별간에상호작용은나타나지않았으며, 성별및 IGF-I 유전자다형성그룹에대한각각의주효과도없는것으로나타났다 Table 2. Twelve week combined exercise training program Stage Contents Time (min) Warm-up Stretching 5 Aerobic exercise 10 M relay running, curple running, rope skipping, running rope skipping 10 Muscular exercise Sit-standing, jumping, sit-jumping, sit-up, push friend back, walking on one s back, 10 side band Game Walking relay basketball dribble, ladder jumping, ball relay running, relay soccer 10 dribble, ball game Cool down Stretching 5 Table 3. Comparison of body circumference according to IGF-I polymorphism and gender Item (n=16) Upper arm (cm) 2.00 Waist (cm) Hip (cm) Thigh (cm) Male Female Total F-value (n=36) (n=7) (n=32) (n=23) (n=68) (n=52) G P G P * Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. IGF-I: insulin like growth factor, : homozygous, : heterozygous, : non-carriers, G: gender, P: polymorphism. *p<0.01 main effects in group; p<0.05, p<0.001 compared to male group. 58 대한스포츠의학회지

5 김기진. 성장기아동의 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른운동효과 Table 4. Comparison of skinfold thickness according to IGF-I polymorphism and gender Item (n=16) Chest (mm) Iliac crest (mm) Thigh (mm) Male Female Total F-value (n=36) (n=7) (n=32) (n=23) (n=68) (n=52) G P G P Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. IGF-I: insulin like growth factor, : homozygous, : heterozygous, : non-carriers, G: gender, P: polymorphism. Table 5. Comparison of growth factor according to IGF-I polymorphism and gender Item (n=16) Male Female Total F-value (n=36) Prediction height (cm) Chronological age (yr) Bone score Bone age (yr) IGF-1 (ng/ml) (n=7) * * (n=32) * * * * (n=23) (n=68) (n=52) G P G P Values are presented as mean±standard deviation. IGF-I: insulin like growth factor, : homozygous, : heterozygous, : non-carriers, G: gender, P: polymorphism. *p<0.001 compared to male group; p<0.01 main effects in group. (Table 5). 예측신장은 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른그룹및성별간에상호작용은나타나지않았으나성별에서유의한 (p <0.001) 주효과가나타났으며, 사후검정결과모든 IGF-I 유전자다형성그룹에서남성이여성보다유의하게 (p<0.001) 예측신장이높은것으로나타났다. 골점수도성별에서유의한 (p <0.001) 주효과가나타났으며, 사후검정결과모든 IGF-I 유전자그룹에서여성이남성보다골점수가유의하게 (p<0.001) 높은것으로나타났다. 골연령은 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른그룹및성별간에상호작용과그룹및성별에대한각각의주효과도나타나지않았으나, 모든 IGF-I 유전자다형성그룹에서여자가남자보다골연령이다소높은경향성 (p=0.052) 을나타냈다 (Table 5). 3. IGF-I IGF-I 유전자의다형성과성별에따른운동효과에의한신체적특성및신체구성의변화양상을살펴본결과는 Fig. 1에서나타난바와같이, 신장, 신체질량지수, 체지방률및제지방량은운동후에남녀모두 IGF-I 유전자의다형성에따른차이가나타나지않았다. 그러나체중은여성의 carriers 그룹이 zygous 그룹보다유의하게 (p<0.05) 감소한것으로나타났으며, 남녀모두를대상으로한 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른운동효과에서도체중은 -carriers 그룹이 zygous 그룹보다유의하게 (p<0.01) 감소한것으로나타났다. IGF-I 유전자의다형성과성별에따른운동효과에의한 제 30 권제 1 호

6 K Kim. Association of IGF-I Gene Polymorphism with Exercise-mediated Changes in Teen-aged Children Fig. 1. Comparisons of 12 week exercise-mediated changes of body composition according to gender or IGF-I gene polymorphism. *p<0.05, **p<0.01. 신체둘레변화를살펴본결과는 Fig. 2에서나타난바와같이, 상완둘레는그룹내에 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른차이는없는것으로나타났으나여성의모든 IGF-I 유전자다형성그룹이각각의남성유전자그룹보다유의하게 (p<0.01) 낮은것으로나타났다. 전체대상자와여성의대퇴둘레및엉덩이둘레는 -carriers 그룹이 zygous 그룹보다유의하게감소한것으로나타났다 (p<0.05). IGF-I 유전자의다형성과성별에따른운동효과에의한피하지방두께를살펴본결과는 Fig. 3에서나타난바와같이, 가슴 ( 여성 ; 상완삼두근 ) 피하지방두께는여성의모든 IGF-I 유전자다형성그룹이남성의 IGF-I 유전자다형성각각의그룹보다유의하게 (p<0.05) 높은것으로나타났다. 복부 ( 여성 ; 장골능상부 ) 피하지방두께는남녀전체대상자의 carriers 그룹이유의하게 (p<0.05) 감소한것으로나타났다. IGF-I 유전자의다형성과성별에따른운동효과에의한혈중 IGF-I 농도의변화는 Fig. 4 및 Fig. 5에서나타난바와같이, IGF-I 유전자다형성및성별에따른그룹간차이가없는것으로나타났으며, 전체대상자의 IGF-I 유전자다형성 60 대한스포츠의학회지

7 김기진. 성장기아동의 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른운동효과 Fig. 2. Comparisons of 12 week exercise-mediated changes of body circumferences according to gender or IGF-I gene polymorphism. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p< 에따른그룹에서도혈중 IGF-I의농도는차이가없는것으로나타났다. IGF-I은인슐린유사성장인자결합단백 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein, IGFBPs) 과결합된형태로혈중에존재하게되며, 내분비를포한한자가분비및방계분비의경로를통하여세포기능에대한다양한생물학적효과를나타낸다. IGF-I의합성은간기능, 혈중인슐린농도, 영양상태및성장호르몬농도등에영향을받는다 19,20). 합성된 IGF-I 은성장과정에서뼈의길이발육형태에영향을미치는장골성장판의연골세포증식에매우중요한영향을미치며 21), 성장기아동의신체구성및근육량등과밀접한관련성이있는것으로보고되었다 8). 이러한 IGF-I의혈중분비양상이 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따라다르게나타날가능성이제시되었는데 2), 본연구의결과에서는남녀모두 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따라서혈중 IGF-I 농도의차이가없는것으로나타났다. 이와관련하여 Rietveld 등 9) 은 IGF-I 유전자의 192 bp 대립인자를가진그룹에서혈중 IGF-I 농도가높게나타난다고보고한데반해서, Rosen 등 10) 은 192 bp 대립인자를가진대상자는 non-carriers보다혈중 IGF-I 농도가낮게나타난다는상반된결과를제시하였다. 따라서 IGF-I 유전자다형성이 IGF-I의분비양상에영향을미칠가능성은있으나, 아동을대상으로한본연구에서 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따라서혈중 IGF-I 농도의차이가나타나지않은것은인종및연령의차이에따라서다른결과를나타낼가능성이매우높다는것을제시해볼수있으며, 특히대상자들의간기능, 혈중인슐린농도, 영양상태및성장호르몬농도등의차이가혈중 IGF-I 농도의차이에영향을미칠수있다는관점에서대상자의특성에따라서 IGF-I 유전자다형성이혈중 IGF-I 농도에영향을미치는정도가다양한차이를나타낼수있을것으로생각해볼수있다. 본연구에서 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른신체구성, 신체둘레및피하지방두께를살펴본결과남녀모두 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른그룹간차이가없는것으로나타났다. IGF-I 은세포및대사과정 22) 과성장기아동의신체구성및근육량등 8) 에중요한영향을미치는것으로알려져있으며, IGF-I의혈중분비양상이 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따라서다르게나타날 제 30 권제 1 호

8 K Kim. Association of IGF-I Gene Polymorphism with Exercise-mediated Changes in Teen-aged Children Fig. 3. Comparisons of 12 week exercise-mediated changes of skinfold thickness according to gender or IGF-I gene polymorphism, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p< Fig. 4. Comparison of plasma IGF-I level according to gender and IGF-I gene polymorphism. 가능성이높은것으로제시되었다 2). 따라서본연구의 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른그룹간신체구성, 신체둘레및피하지방두께의차이가나타나지않은것은 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른혈중 IGF-I 농도의차이가나타나지않았기때문인것으로생각된다 (Fig. 4). 그러나외국에서진행된일부연구결과들중성장기아동의경우 IGF-I 유전자의 non-carriers그룹이신장 Fig. 5. Comparison of 12 week exercise-mediated change of plasma IGF-I level according to gender or IGF-I gene polymorphism. 의증가를동반한체지방체중및신체질량지수증가의가능성을제시한바있으며 23), 청소년을대상으로한연구에서도남녀모두 IGF-I 유전자의 non-carriers그룹이 homozygous 및 heterozygous 그룹보다체중, 신체질량지수, 체지방량, 허리및엉덩이둘레등을현저하게높게나타내는것으로보고하였 62 대한스포츠의학회지

9 김기진. 성장기아동의 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른운동효과 다 24). 이와같이외국의선행연구들이본연구의대상자와비슷한연령대임에도불구하고본연구와다른연구결과를나타낸것은 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른혈중 IGF-1의농도가인종에따라서다르게나타날가능성이높기때문이다 25). 본연구의결과에서 12주간복합운동의효과로남녀모두혈중 IGF-I의농도가운동전보다증가하였으며, 남녀모두 homozygous 그룹이 non-carriers 그룹보다다소증가한경향성은있으나 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른그룹간에차이는나타나지않았다. 규칙적인운동은체지방및신체질량지수의감소, 성장호르몬의증가및인슐린작용을증가시키는과정을통해서 IGF-I 의분비를활성화시키는긍정적인효과를나타낸다 26). 즉, 장시간운동으로인하여증가된성장호르몬은세포내에서 IGF-I 의합성을촉진시키며다양한세포와의상호작용을통하여간으로부터 IGF-I의방출을증가시켜골격근의성장과비대에영향을미치게된다 27). 본연구에서 12주간복합운동의효과로혈중 IGF-I 농도의증가와동반하여신체구성, 신체둘레및피하지방두께도증가한것으로나타났으나, 여자아동의체중, 대퇴둘레, 엉덩이둘레에서 heterozygous 그룹이 non-carriers 그룹보다유의하게 (p<0.05) 증가한것을제외한남녀모두 IGF-I 유전자다형성간차이는나타나지않았다. IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른혈중 IGF-I 분비양상의차이 2) 는성장기아동의신체구성및근육량등에영향을미칠수있으므로 8) 신체구성등에대한 12주간복합운동의결과는 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른혈중 IGF-I 농도가차이가나타나지않은것과관련성이있다고생각된다 (Fig. 5). 12주간복합운동후여자아동의 IGF-I 유전자다형성간혈중 IGF-I 농도변화의차이가나타나지않았기때문에여자아동의체중, 대퇴둘레, 엉덩이둘레에서 heterozygous 그룹이 non-carriers 그룹보다유의하게증가한것은혈중 IGF-I 농도의영향이아닌통제되지않은다른요인에의해서영향을미친것으로간주된다. 이와관련하여 Juul 등 19) 과 Jones와 Clemmons 20) 는 IGF-I의합성이간기능, 혈중인슐린농도, 영양상태및성장호르몬농도등에의해서영향을받는다고보고함으로써아동들의환경적요인에의한영향이작용한것으로생각할수있다. 아동의성장과정에서신장의성장은성장호르몬의분비증가와비례하며 28,29), 성장호르몬의분비는성장호르몬자체와성장호르몬반응에의해자극을받아합성된 IGF-I에의해조절된다고보고된바있다 3). 성장호르몬은성장호르몬수용체를통해서직접적으로뼈와골격근에동화작용을자극하거나간접적으로내분비작용을통해간에서 IGF-I의합성을자극한다. 또한자가분비및방계분비를통하여국부의뼈와 근육에서 IGF-I의생성을자극하며 4,5), IGF-I은뼈의길이성장과밀도는물론근육량을증가시킨다 6,30). 이와같이성장과밀접한관련이있는 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따라서혈중농도의차이를나타낼가능성이널리제시되어왔기때문에 2), IGF-I 유전자다형성에따라서아동성장의차이가나타날것으로예측하였으나, 본연구의결과에서는다형성에따른그룹간예측신장, 역연령, 골점수및골연령에차이가없는것으로나타났다. 본연구의결과에서 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른그룹간혈중 IGF-I의농도가차이가없었기때문에성장지표에서도 IGF-I 유전자다형성그룹간에차이가나타나지않은것으로생각해볼수있다. 따라서성장기아동의신체구성및혈중 IGF-I 농도및성장지표에대한 12주간의복합운동프로그램수행효과는 IGF-I 유전자다형성에의한영향보다생활습관및영양상태를비롯한다양한환경적요인에의해서영향을받을가능성이더욱높다는것을확인할수있었다. 이상에서 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따른신체구성, 신체둘레및피하지방두께는차이가없는것으로나타났으며, 혈중 IGF-I 농도및골연령도유전자다형성간차이가없는것으로나타났다. 또한 12주간복합운동프로그램을수행한후체지방보다제지방체중이증가하는신체구성변화와혈중 IGF-I 농도증가의긍정적인변화를나타냈으나 IGF-I 유전자다형성에따라서현저한차이를나타내지는않았다. 결론적으로성장기아동의신체특성, 혈중 IGF-I 농도및골성숙도와 12주간의복합운동프로그램수행효과에대해서 IGF-I 유전자다형성은거의영향을미치지않는것으로생각된다. 1. Daughaday WH, Rotwein P. Insulin-like growth factors I and II. Peptide, messenger ribonucleic acid and gene structures, serum, and tissue concentrations. Endocr Rev 1989;10: Vaessen N, Heutink P, Janssen JA, et al. A polymorphism in the gene for IGF-I: functional properties and risk for type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction. Diabetes 2001;50: Lanzi R, Tannenbaum GS. Time course and mechanism of growth hormone's negative feedback effect on its own spontaneous release. Endocrinology 1992;130: LeRoith D, Werner H, Burguera B, Roberts CT Jr, Mulroney S, Haramati A. The insulin-like growth factor family of peptides, binding proteins and receptors: their potential role in tissue regeneration. Adv Exp Med Biol 1992;321: Wuster C. Growth hormone and bone metabolism. Acta 제 30 권제 1 호

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V V V α Azam, M. Z. M. & Park, Dong-Ho (2012). The relationship between Digit Ratio(2D:4D) and Physical Fitness in Children. Journal of Korean Society of Living Environmental System, 19(1), 101-110.

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