大韓放射線홉學會誌 V;ol~. xvì, No.!, 1980 뇌종양의방사선치료 연세대학교의피해학방사선파학교실 성기준 이도행 박창윤 - Abstract- Radiotion Theraphy of Brain Tumor K.J. Sung, M.D., D.H. Lee, M.D.

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1 大韓放射線홉學會誌 V;ol~. xvì, No.!, 1980 뇌종양의방사선치료 연세대학교의피해학방사선파학교실 성기준 이도행 박창윤 - Abstract- Radiotion Theraphy of Brain Tumor K.J. Sung, M.D., D.H. Lee, M.D. and C.Y. Park, M.D. Dept. of Rodiology ond Nucleor Medicine, Yonsei University One hundred and six cases of brain tumors were treated at the Yonsei Cancer Center from January 197 to August 1978 by Co.60 teletheraphy unit. We analyses their cl inical findings, histopathological findings, treatment and results. In those cases which computerized tomography had been used before and after radiation theraphy, changes in tumor size and the presence of edema or necrosis following treatment was evaluated. 1. Among 106 cases, 90 cases were primary brain tumors and 16 cases were metastatic brain tumors. Pituitary tu rt)ors (38), glioma (34) and pinealoma (1 이 mposed of most of primary brain tumors.. Post treatment follow.up was possible in 38 cases more than 1 years. Four among 11 cases of glioma expired and su rvivors had considerable neurological symptoms except cases. Sixty five percent (1/0) of pituitary tumors showed improvement of visual symptoms and all cases (7 ) of pinealoma which post treatment follow.up was possible, showed remarkable good response. 3. Findings of C.T scan after radiation treatment were compatible with results of clinical findings and post treatment follow.up. medullobulastoma. It- showed complete regression of tumor mass in one case of pinealoma and One case of pituitary tumor showed almost complete regression of tumor mass. It also showed large residuallesion in cases of glioblastoma multiforme and cystic astrocytoma. 사선치료실에서 197 년 l 월부터 1979 년 8 웹말까지뇌 1. 서론종양으로確양된환자에서전조사량을받았던 106 명을 대상으로임상척소견, 병리조직학적소견, 병기분류, 치 뇌신경계종양은매부분의경우종양의원할병소의료앙법파치료후추척조사의결과를분석하였고전산화 위치나주위조칙의청윤으로인해외파척완전절제가단층촬영을실시한例에서치료천, 후종양의크기, 변 어려울뿐만아니라수술후유증이많이낭게되고경우화빚엄상적증상의호전유무를검토하여문헌고찰파 에따라서는높은사망율을동만하는사례가있다. 많함께보고하고저한다. 은환자에서방사선치료는외과척치료와영용으혹좋 은치료효파를보여생명연장이나증상을 채말을방지하기위하여이용되어왔다. 완화시키고 저자들은치료결파를분석하고자연세의매암센타망 n. 치료계획및방법 본논문운 1979 년도연세대학교의과대혁연구비에의하여이루어졌옴

2 A. 조사부위 일부松果體陣을제외한거의대부분의환자에서 숭요법파放射線擔法을병용하였다. 방사선치료는 C0 60 원격치료장치로二門對抗照 射나 - 門뼈 Ij 面照 射를 수 시행 하였으며이중조사부위가 5X5cm 보다적은경우를小 照射野照 射로경하고전뇌와두개골을포함하여조사한 경우는大照 射野照 射로정하고그외에예들은中照射野 照 射에포함시켰다. 다형성교아종의경우는거의천뇌 들조사하였으나두개골의일부를제외하였으므로 照 양 i 野照 射에포함시겼다. 조사범위는종양의크기빚 병려소견에따라결정하였다 (Table 1). Field Size Table 1. Whole C. N. S... Medulloblastoma () Large field Metastasis (16) Ependymoma (1) lntermediate field...:... Glioma (3) Pinealoma (10) Others (8) Small field... Pituitary tumor (38) B. 조사선량 환자의병,,] 소견, 연령빚수술땅법천신상태을고려 하여결정하였으며뇌부총등에의한뇌압상숭을 방지 하기위해점진적으로 1 얼 50 rad 에서 1 50 내지 00ra d 까지 증가시켰다. (Table ). Table. Glioblastoma Radiation Dose (Astrocytoma Grade m, N) Medulloblastoma Whole bra!n Spinal cord Pinealoma Pituitary tumor 5,000-6,000 rad/5-6 weeks 3,000-4,000 rad/4-5 weeks, 000-3, 000 rad 5, 000-5,500 rad 4,500-5,000 rad/ 5 weeks Metastatic tumor 3, 000 rad/ weeks nr. 관찰성적 총 1 06 예중원발성뇌종양이 90 예전이성뇌종양이 16 예였고이중남자가 73 예, 여자카 33 예였다. 원말성뇌 종양중꽤經修 J!ill 34 예 (38%), 뼈下畢體 냈빠 38 예 (4%), 中 松果體뾰 fi 1 0 여 ] (11 %), 등이大多數로 91% 를차지하였 고松果體陣의경우남자가 8 예, 여자가 예로낭자가 많았다. 전이성뇌양종중페암이 6 예로가장많았다. 이 중大多數를이루고있는, 분석이가능한신경교종, 뇌 하수체선종, 송파체종빚전이성종양으로냐누어각각 그결파를분석하였다. (Table 3). 1. 神짧鷹흩 신경교종환자들중星細뼈睡 5 예와 를포함한 8 예를연령별분포, 찰하였고추적조사가가능했던體흉細뼈睡 시켰다. 가 ). 연령별분포및발생부위 多形性隊흉睡 3 예 발생장소치료성척을판 예를포함 0 매에서 40 대사이가약간많은펀이나전반적으로고 른분포를보여주었 tf( Tabl e 4). 발생부위는천두엽, 측두엽, 전경엽, 빚소뇌등이었고후두엽에서는볼수 없었다 ( Table 5). 성세포종 5 예중 3 예를제외하곤 grade n, m 에속하였다 (Tabl e 4). Table 4. Age Age distribution of Glioma No. of patients Over 60 1 T otal 8 Table 5. lnvolved site Frontal Fron totemporal Fron toparietal Parietal T emporal T emporoparietal Deep Cerebellum Pons Others Location of Glioma No. of patients Total 8 4 AιI 나 ιa% 1l Ru

3 Table 3. Pathology of Brain Turnor Sex Histopa thology No. of Patients Male Fernale % Primary brain turnor Gliorna Astrocytorna Glioblastorna multiforrne Medulloblastorna Ependyrnorna Oligo::\endrogliorna Microgliorna Pituitary turnor Chrornophobe adenoma Eosinophilic adenorna Pinealorna Others Craniopharyngiorna Recurrent meningiorna Chondrosarcorna Reticulurn cellsarcoma Unproved Metastatic brain turnor (prirnary site) Lung cancer Breast cancer Hepatorna Hypernephrorna Choriocarcinorna Testis(ernbryonal sarcorna) Unproved Total 나 ). 치료성적 8 예중 11 예에서 1 년이상추적조사가되었고이중 4 예 에서사망하였으며소뇌의냥포성성상세포종파 Grade n 성상세포총 예에서만신경학적증상이없이생존하 고 5 예에서는증상의호전이없거나치료후에더악화 펀채로생존해있는것을알수있었다 (Fig. 1). 수아세포종 예중 18 세여자의경우는 9 개월간추적 조사가되었는데약간의시력장애를호소하였고 예는전산화단층촬영상으로치료결과를비교 또한 판찰할 수있었으며치료전에비해서현저히총양축소를보이 고있었다 (Fig. 5). 나 ). 임상적소견해부분이두통빚시력장애를호소하였고그외뇌분비계장애를호소하였다 (Table 7).. 下훌빼臨 R훌가 ). 연령별분포 38예중 3 3예가 0세에서 50세시이에많이분포되어있었으나 0세미만도 3예가있었다 (Table 6). 다. 치료성적 3 8 예중 0 여1 가 6개월이상추적조사가되었고이중 13 예 (65%) 에서증상의호전을보여주었고 7년간증상의

4 Glioma Age& Sex Table 6. Age Distribution of Pituitary Tnmor 36m ~ Age No. of patients 녁 4m 13m 11m l ~ 5m f m ~ ~ 47m -; 40m ---4 _ alive c improved S 에 ) ---- a1ive ë Sx{5 ) --- expire(4) Over 60 9 뻐6 Total 38 30m r ~ 34m~ _._. _ - _._-- 녁 6 Years 재발없이살아있는예가 1 예 있었고 예에서사망이확 인되었으나그원인은알수없었다 ( Fig. 6). Fig. 1. Years pos.t treatment follow up. Fig.. Astrocytoma grade ][ A; Large tumor mass in left fronto-temporal area with displacement of lateral ventricle B; CT scan after operation Considerable mass effect with residual lesion which shows contrast enhancement is noted. C; months afterradiation Lateral ventricle returned to normal position with slight dilatation of frontal horn. Fig. 3. Glioblastoma multiforme A; Large tumor mass in left fronto-temporal area which shows irregular low density area with surrounding contrast enhancement. B; One month after radiation Large residual lesion is still noted with considerable regression of tumor mass

5 Fig. 4. Cystic cerebellar astrocytoma A; A cystic tumor in right.cerebellar hemisphere with ring enhancement. B; One month after radiation Only slight decrease of tumor size is noted. Fig. 5. Medulloblastoma A; Well defined ". low density area with strong contrast enhancement involving left cerebellarhemisphere and vermis. B; CT scan after operation Large tumor mass and hydorcephalus is still noted. C; CT scan after radiation The size of ventricle returned to normal and only low density area without evidence of contrast enhancement and mass effect is noted. It suggests cerebromalacia after treatment. Pt. N 뉴 ~---~ 16 f ~ Piluitory umor 1 ~ f , I J 4 f t f ) A90 8 se IOm. ~ - 미 ve c imαoved 5,(13) 5m 뉴 ---- oli ve C Sx{S ex pire ( ) 18m 15 m 16, 13m 16m Pinealoma 3 4 Years post treatmen Fig Yeoo:s roars Fig. 8.

6 Fig. 7. Chromohobe adenom A; Tumor mass involving intrasellar and suprasellar area. The lesion shows homogenous contrast ehancement. B; One month after radiation Small re3idual lesion in the left intrasellar area is noted. Fig. 9. Pinealoma Pinealoma (dysgerminoma) A; 4.5cm sized tumor which shows homogenous contrast enhancement and calcification of pineal gland is noted. B; CT scan after 4, 이 ) rad irradiation Only small residuai lesion is noted. C; One month after radiation No evidence of residual lesion is noted with smaìi calcification. Ventricle returned to normal size 3. 松果 \li K 훌 가 ). 연령별분포 나 ). 입상전소견 10 예천부가 0 세미만이었고 10 세이하가 3 예였다대부분이뇌앙상승의신경학걱증후를갖고있었으며 (Table 8). 시력장애를호소하였다 (Table 9)

7 Table 7. Symptoms and Signs Pitui.tary Tumor No. of cases 조사가되었는더l 단지약간의 시력장애를 호소하였다 (Fig. 8). Headache 18 Visual complaints Vistion reduced in specific direction 9 Blurred vision EndoClinopathy Acromegaly 9 Decreased libido 5 Increased water intake 5 Amenorrhea 4 Sexual infantalism 3 Excessive weight gain 3 Pituitary dwarfism Exophthalmos Extremity weakness Table 8. Age distribution of Pinealome Age No. ofpatients T otal 10 Table 9. Symptoms and Signs of Pinealoma Symptoms and Signs Headache Nausea and vomiting No. of patients 8 8 Visual disturbance Diplopia Bhirred vision 3 Difficulty walking Polyuria Let ha rgy c. 치료성적 송파체종 1 0예가分路手術후방사선치료를 받았으며 이중 4예에서만조직생겁이 가능하였고이중 예가 未 分化쩌 n뼈맨으로확인되었다. 7예에서 6개월이상 추적 조사가되었고전예에서신경학척증상의호전을 보여 주.TI. 생존해있으며 1 6세 남자환자는 5연반까지추적 N. 고 찰 치료효파를평가하기위하여는생존기간, 증상의 호 전유무, 종양의크기의변화응을관찰하는것이 중요하 다. 3JBo u c hard등은 8 1 예의神經 R캉陣환자중 5연생존율 이 수숭만한경우 38. %, 방사선치료와병용한경우 49. 3% 로방사선치료를명용한환자에서 10% 더 좋은성 걱윤보고하고있다 15 J S a l azar는성상세포종환자의 5년 생존율이 Grade 1I에서 16-46%, Gr a dem 가 %, Grade N 에서 % 라고하였고 1 ) 다형성교아종의 경 우 1 년생존율이 조사법위 00cm 이상이고 조사량이 1, 300 rets 이상조사한군에선 5% (36/ 71), 조사범 위 00cm 이하, 초사량이 1, 300 rets 이하인 군에선 36% (1 /33) 로 1, 300 rets 이상의선량을거의 천뇌에 조사群이 보다좋은정척을보여주고있다. 마라서 전 뇌를 5, , 000 rad 조사하고원발병소는 7, 000 rad 까지더 추가조사할것을주장하였다. 또 J Cocanon도 Grade m, Grade N 에서전뇌를조사 하지않고국소조사를했윤경우 1 예중 8예에서만 부 경상조사부위안에병소가포함되어많은예에서병소가조사부위에서벗어나있음을보고하였다. 저자들이치험한성상세포종빚다형성교아종 8 예중단지 11에서 1년이상추걱조사가되어통계걱의의는없으나 예를제외한 5예에서성한신경학적증상을갖고생존하고있으며 4예에서 5년이내에사망한것으로보아치효성걱이좋지않음윤암수있었는네이는병소부위에종양선향으로 5, 000 니! 지 6, 000 rad를조사하였고다형성교아종을제외하고는조사부위가 00cm 응녕지않았는데원인이있지않았나생각된다. 상기한저자들의보고를고려한다면조사부위를늘리고성새포종 Grade m, Grade N 빚다형성교아종의경우원발영소를 1, 000 rad 정도추가하여 7, 000 rad까지조사하는것이좋지않윤까생각된다. 전산화단충촬영상 Gradem 성세포종을제외한다형성교아종빚소뇌의낭성성세포종의경우방사선치료후에도종양이남아있는것으로보아방사선에래한감응성이낮은것운- 알수있었다. { 짧흉쩌ll lli!l 陣의경우 lljbern a d응은 5년생존율이수숭 파망사선치료를명용하였을경우 35% 로보고하였고 1JBloon 1 6 J Macfarland등의경우는各各 38%, 3 1 % 로비슷한결파를보였 ξ나저자의경우는단지 예에불

8 과하여비교할수없으나전산화단층촬영상방사선치료에잘축소됨윤보여주었다. 뇌하수체선종의경우 JShe li ne등은수숭요법파방사선치료를병용한군에서는 83%(8/34), 수술단독요볍서는 16%(4 / 5) 가증상이호전되어방사선치료와영용한群이현저히좋은것으로보고하였으며 5JEmmanueI 등도수술단독요법시 7 5% 에비해방사선치료와병용군에서 9% 로좋은성적을보여주었고 Chang등역시방사선치료와영용요법의펄요성을강조하고있다. 여러저자들의통계에의하연병용요법후증상의호천을보여주는예가 70% 내지 90% 안것을관찰할수있었는데저자들의경우 0예중단지 13예 (65%) 에서만증상의호천윤보여다른보고자들의성적에이치지못한것은객관걱안시야경사를치료전후에시행하여증상의호천유무를평가하지못한데원인이있지않냐생각펜다. 전산화단층촬영을시행한예에서보연방사션치료에종양축소가비교걱잘되는것을알수있었다. 14JRoth등에의하변 4,000-5,000 rad를 3내지 4주간조사하였윤때약 76% 에서혈장성창호르몬이강소하여그효파를평가할수있었다고하였으나저자플은실시하지옷하였고이와같은검사는 3내지 4년간추적검사를요하는것으로알려지고있다. 1978년 Sung등이송파체종 7예를분석보고한바에의하연 5연생존율에 79% 로좋은성척을보고하였고 3, 800-4, 500 rad를조사받은환자의 47% (1 5 /3 ) 와 5, 000-5, 500 rad를조사한 10% (4/40) 가재딸을보였고재발부위는 88% 가조사부위얀에있는것으로보아 걱은종양선량이채발의원인이된것으로주장하고있다또 6JSung응은척수에재발왼경우가 7예중 9예였고 Dayes는 10%, Bradfield등은 5% 등의채발율을보고하여종양이크고주위조직의칭융등이있을경우척수조사의펄요성윤주장하였다. 저자들이치료후추척조사한 7예에서는증상의재발없이생존하고있으며이중천산화단층촬영을시행한 l 예에서땅사선조사후현저한종양축소를보여주었고척수에채발한예는없었으나예수가척고추걱조사기간이짧아앞으로장기간의관찰이요구된다. 전이성뇌종양의경우 3 J Bouchard응은약 74% 에서증상의호전을보여준다고하였으나저자을의경우약 40% 에서심한두통의호선을보여주고았을뿐이다. V. 결론 197년 l 월부터 1978년 8월말까지연세대학교암센 타치료실에서뇌종양으로치료를받은환자툴태상 ~ 로영상걱소견, 병.,1 조직학척소견, 영기분류, 천산화 단층촬영상의소견, 여다음파같은결파를얻었다. 치료후추척조사의결파를분석하 1. 총 106 예중원발성뇌종양이 90 예천이성뇌종양이 16 예였고남자가 73 예, 여자가 33 예였고, 원발성뇌종 양 90 예중 45 예에서추척검사가카능하였다.. 원발성뇌종양중神經陽睡이 34 예, 뇌하수체선종 38 예, 송과체종 10 예로거의매부분윤차지하였고천이 성뇌종양 16 예중원발병소가페암이 6 예로가장많았 다. 3. 神經陽睡 34 예중성세포총 5 예, 다형성교아종 3 예로 8 예를정유하였고이중 13 예에서만추적초사가 가능했으며이중 4 예에서 5 년이내에사망하였고 에에 서만신경학척중후없이생존하고있었다. 치료후전산화단층촬영을시행한경우에 종파소뇌낭종성세포종에있어서잔여병소가 남아있는것을보아방사선강응성이낮은 있었다. 다형성교아 상당히 것을알수 4. 뇌하수체선종 38 예중 0 예에서추거조사가가능 했고그중 13 예에서 증상의호전을브여주었고방사선 치료후잔유병소가약간남아있는것윤알수있었다. 5. 송파체중 10 예중 7 예에서추걱조사가카능했고천 예에서별다른신경학적증후없이생존해있으며 후얼개월후에행한전산화단층 치료 촬영상에서보연병 소가완전히소실되고뇌실도정상크기로돌아온것을 불수있었다. 6. 전이성뇌종양 16 예중 6 예에서는뚜렷한증상의 호천을보여주었다. 이상과같은결파를보연망사선치료가만족할만한 결과는아니더라도생명의연장빚증상의호전에크게 기여하고있음을일수있었고전산화단층촬열상에서종 양의크기가축소되거나소설되는것을볼수있었다. 특히송파체종은종은결과를보여주었다. 치료효과를평가하기위해서는장기간의 계속걱안정밀한신경학걱검사빚내분벼검사가 추걱초사와 요쿠 되는데여기에는어려운점이많다. 따라서치료효파 빚예후판강에는치료선후로전산화단층촬영을시행하 여직접병소크기의변화를보는것이도움이되 i!-1 라 고생각된다. REFERENCES 1) Salazar, OM., Rubin, P., McDonald, JV, and Feldstein, ML: Patterns of failure 써 intracranisl astrocytomas after irradiation. Analysis of dose and field f actol s. Am. J. Roentgenol

9 : 79-9, ) Concannon, PJ., Kramer, S. and Berry, R: The extent 01 intacran'jal gliomata at autopsy and its relatìonship to techniqμ es used in radiation theraphy 01 brain tumors. Am. J. Roentgenol, 84 : 9~ -107, ) Jean Bouchard, M. D. and Carleton B. Peirce, A. B., M. D. : Rad iat i o η thera phy in the management 01 neoplasms 01 the central nervoιs system, w:th a special note in regard to children: Twenty years experience, , Amer. J. Roentgenol Vol.4, No.4, ) Glenn E. Sheline, M. D., Edwin B. Boldrey, M. D. and Theojore L. Phillips, M. D. : Chromophobe adeomas 01 the pituitary gland Amer. J. Roentgenol Vo l. 9, No.1, July, ) Chang, C. H. and Pool, J. L.: The radiotherap hy 01 pituitary chromohobe adenomas: an evaluation 01 indication, techniq e, and result, Radiology 89: , ) Midline Pineal tumors and Suprasellar Germinomas: Highly Curable by irradiatioη Duk n Sung, M. D., and Chu H. Chang, M. D. Radiology Vol. 18 Sep. 1978, No.3 7) Bradfield; JSand Perez, CA: Pienal tumors aná ectopic pienaloma analysis 01 treatment and lailures. RadioloKY 103 : , ) Clinical Oncology Fifth edition ) Richard J. Carella, M. D. Norman Pay, M. D, Joseph Newall, M. D. : Computed tomography in the serial study 01 cerebral tumors treated byradiat:on Cancer 37 : , ) Bloom, HJG, Wallace, ENK and Henk, JM: The treatment and prognosis 01 medulloblastomas η Children. Am. J. Roentgenol. 105: 4-6, ) Bernard S. Aron, M. D., D. M. R. T.: Twenty years' experience w:th radiat:on theraphy 01 ι(edulloblastoma A. f. R. J an Vol. 105, No.1 1) Kramer, S. Southard, M. and Mansfield, CM: Radiotherapy in the manageme ηt 01 craniopharyngiomas: lurther experiencesa nd late res lts. Am. J. Roentgeno!. 103: 44-5, ) New, PF, Scott, WR, Schnur, JA et al.: Co mputed tomography with the EMI scanner. Radio!., 14: 75-87, ) Gilbert H.: Flecher Second, Edition. 15) Salazar, OM.: Moments 01 Decision in primary Brain Tumors. Am. College 01 Radiol.,

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