歯4-2-1.PDF

Transcription

1 98 06 htt ://a pw inc.s oo kmy u ng/a c.kr/~s c i- po p

2 The Strategies for Science Popularization in the Age of Multi- media : ( )

3 * (,,,,, KBS, UNES CO ) ( ) * (, ) * (,, Clark son Univ., Ph.D., ) * ( 4, ) * (, ) * (,,, ) * (, ) * (,, ) * ( /, ) * (, Univ er sity of Chicag o, Ph.D., S cient om etrics ) * (DSN T V PD,, 1 CAT V ) * (, ) * (, Net w ork, North w est ern Univ., P h.d.) * (, telecom munication, M.A., ABD, In diana Univ er sity, ) ( ) * (, UC S an Dieg o, ) * (,,, Ph.D., ) * (,, Boston Univ ersity, Ph.D.) * (,, ) * (,, )

4 21 IMF.,....,.,.,..,..,,.,,,., ( )..,.

5 ,... ( ).,..,. ( ) ( ).,,.. CD - ROM s,,,. (edutainm ent ),.,

6 i (popularization ) : ,

7 ii 1.6 OECD : : 45. TV,, 2. T V ( )

8 iii Sci- F i Channel (Discovery Channel) (Discovery Civilization Channel) (Discovery Kids Channel) (Discovery S cience Channel) T he Learning Channel (E cology Channel) NASA Knowledge T V JCN (Jones Com puter Netw ork ) JE C Know ledge T V / T V T V T V Sci- F i channel T V Ontario( / w w w.tv o.org/ ) Border T elevision online : PBS http :// w w w.pbs.org/ PBS Online Learner Online http :// w w w.learner.org/ 119

9 iv BBC http :// w w w.bbcnc.org.uk/ tv/ Jones Computer Netw ork w w w.m eu.edu/ jcn/ NHK w w w.nhk.or.jp/ Discovery Channel / w w w.discov ery.com/ : SF SF SF SF SF

10 .,, CD- ROM v (U senet new sgroup) (W W W ) CD- ROM : SW 182

11 v i SF CD CD CD

12 vii 7.2.2? OECD TV CD-ROM 372

13 1, T V VCR P C T V,., ( ).,,., ( ) CD - ROM, (, ), T V, T V,,, DVD (Digital Ver satile Disc ),, T V, T V,,, (w ebzine),., SF,, / /. ( / ),,, (Digital Photography ),,,.,. ( )

14 2., T V.,,,.,,., SW,..,,.,.,,,., T V 90%,.,,.,.,,,.,,,. PC (50-80%

15 3 ),.,,,., (edugam e) (edutainm ent ) ,.,.,,.,,.,.,,. CD. CD., CD,,., CD, CD., CD,., CD,., CD, SF, CD., CD,

16 4., CD,.

17 .

18 ,,, 21.,,,,,.,,, R&D,..,.,,,,..,.

19 8,., ,.,,,.,.. 20 AIDS,....,.

20 9.,.,,.,...,.,,,, PCS,..,..,..,. ( ) (technophobia )..,

21 10,.. IMF.,, (Science P opularization ),. (Culture of Suience), (Public Under standing ).,,,., ( ).,,.,..

22 11 :, ' ', (,,,,, ).,,.,. ' ' (tw o culture problem )., ' ' ' '. ' ' '.,,,,..,.,,.,,..,,.

23 12 ' ' ( ).,,. ' ' ( : ( ) ( ) ).,.., ( ) (popula rization).,.,,,..,,..

24 13. (popularization ) popularize,,., ,,. 19.,,,.,.,.,. 17 (Som nium ) SF, ,,.. (Isaac A sim ov ),.

25 14.,,,,.,,. ( ) ,, T V,...,,,,, CD,, (w ebzine ).... (the Royal Society ).,,

26 15,,. 19, (Royal In stitution ) (British A ssociation of A dvancem ent of S ciences, BAA S ) ,. 1.., 1920 BBC. BAA S.,. BBC. 1. BBC.. BBC. BBC 21 - DNA DNA.

27 16 BAA S,. BAA S,, BAA S 1985 (Com m ittee on the Public Under standing of Science, COPUS ),, BBC, 3,, (National W eek of Science, Engineering & T echnology ), BAA S 8 9 (Annual Science F estiv al). 19.,. S cientific Am erican (1845, 1948 ), Popular Science (1872 ), Science (1883 AAA S ), National Geographic (1888, 1965 T V ).. BAA S (the Am erican A ssociation of A d- v ancem ent of Sciences, AAA S ). 20,,. Science S ervice (1921, ), (National A s sociation of S cience W riter s, 1934 ).,. Sputnik , (NBC Continental Cla ssroom ) Apollo,. 1979, 1986 Challenger, 1986 Chernobyl

28 17.. Lov e Canal Superfund. 20 T V..,. (Na - tional Science F oundation, NSF ), AAA S (W estinghou se Aw ard for Public Under - standing of S cience & T echnology, W estinghou se S cience Journalism A w ard)), ). 4 (National Science & T echnology W eek ) NSF.,., ,,.., 1885,, (Yatabe Ryokiti)., Rom anization., ,, (4 18, ).

29 , 3 8,. 1992, 7.,.,.., T V,.,..., T V,, P C T V,.,,,.,. HDT V ( ), T V,

30 19,. T V (interactiv e),.,..,...,,.,.? %, 11%,.,..

31 20...,.,, , ,.,.,. 93 9,., 2010 (NII).,.,. T EN (T rans European Netw ork )..,..,.

32 21 2.,,..,,.. 21,,.,. M S - DOS W INDOW S.,.....,,

33 22.., ( ).. ( ) 15 ( ). - -,,,, - -.,,,,,, (1993 ),.,,,.,. ( ), ( ).,, ( 2000,, )

34 23., DB ( ;, ). -.. (1) PC : 184 (2) : 54 (3) : 47 (4) : 26 (5) : 24 (6) : 11 (1) P C,. (2), KAIST. (3),,, KIST, KAAS (Korean A s sociation for the A dv ancem ent of S cience ).

35 24 (4),,, YWCA, (, ) (5). (6). -,, < DB >,,. (%) (%) (%)

36 (93.3% ). -,,.

37 (73.0% ). - / /.

38 %, (89.7% ). -,,. -

39 %. - -,,,.

40 (49.4% ). -,,,.

41 (51.3% ) DB. -, 50,. -. -

42 31 - -

43 %. -, 20 60,. -, 40-50,. -

44 %,. -

45 :,,. 21.., T V, ,., T V V CR. CD

46 35.,,.... (education entertainm ent ) , , T V 3. (slide rule) 5., 1967., ,

47 36,., 5. P C , , 150, , 200, 4., , 10, 10.,., 3. P C T V.,.,.,. X.,,

48 37. MIT,. 21.,,. 97,.,.,. - -,,.,,.,.....,, CD ( 5 6 ).

49 ,,.,. T V VCR,., Sci- F i, Discovery.,. SF,,, (J.A. Com eniu s, ).,.., Orbis Sen sualum Pictus, ,.

50 39, m m.....,. T V,,, ,., , VCR, T V, OHP...., ( ).

51 OE CD : (1) (Principle Conclu sion s ) -, , (cleaner technologies ),. -,,,,,.,. - OE CD,. (Education and m otivation is sues ) -. -,,, (touch ),

52 41. (T he need for dialogue and engagem ent ) -,,,, (dialogue ),.,. -, (civic science ),. (Policy Directions ),,.,., T V,.,.. (International Initiative) - T V., OECD T V,

53 42. - OE CD ICSU (International Council of Scientific Union s ) (the Global Capacity Building Program m e).,. (2) (Policy Recom m endation s ) -,.,. -, (public comm unication s skills ).,,, ,,

54 43. -.,, (forum ),. -.,,, T V/,.. -.,,,,,

55 44.,. OECD - OE CD.,.,.,,.. T V, ICSU (Global Capacity Building Programme).

56 45 : 1.? ( ) (% ) 1) ) ) ) %. 28.5%, 93% ? ( ) (% ) 1) ) ) ) (73%). 2.5%,. 2.08

57 46 3.? ( ) (%) 1) ) ), ), %. 95.5%. 6.8% ? ( ) (%) 1) ) ) ) ) %., 9.8% ? ( ) (%) 1) / ) / / ) ) / %. 33%.

58 47 6.? ( ) (%) 1) / ) ) / ) / ) / ) / ) DB DB. /, /. 7.? ( ) (%) 1) / ) ) ) ( / / ) ) DB, 40.5%. 2,, 29.9% %. 8.?(2 ) ( ) (%) 1) / ) ) CD- ROM ) DB / ) T V ) DB (45.2%). DB (23.2%) TV (22.2%).

59 48 *.? ( ) (%) (20-24) (25-29) ? ( ) (%) ( ) (%) / ,, , , 20, 30-40, 50 3.

60 49 1.? ) 16(64.0) 126(60.3) 29(69.1) 22(66.7) 2 (71.4) 16(100.0) 229(64.9) 2) 7(28.0) 71(34.0) 8(19.1) 8(24.2) 6(21.4) 0(0.0) 100(28.3) 3) 2(8.0) 9(4.3) 4(9.5) 1(3.0) 1(3.6) 0(0.0) 17(4.8) 4) 0(0.0) 3(1.4) 1(2.4) 2(6.1) 1(3.6) 0(0.0) 7(2.0) 25(100.0) 209(100.0) 42(100.0) 33(100.0) 28(100.0) 16(100.0) 353(100.0) ) (column) (%)..,. 2..? ) 4(16.0) 45(21.5) 11(26.2) 6(18.2) 7(25.0) 5(31.3) 78(22.1) 2) 14(56.0) 110(52.6) 20(47.6) 14(42.4) 15(53.6) 6(37.5) 179(50.7) 3) 7(28.0) 50(23.9) 10(23.8) 12(36.4) 6(21.4) 2(12.5) 87(24.7) 4) 0(0.0) 4(1.9) 1(2.4) 1(3.0) 0(0.0) 3(18.8) 9(2.6) 25 (100.0) 209 (100.0) 42 (100.0) 33 (100.0) 28 (100.0) 16 (100.0) 353 (100.0) ) (column) (%).,.

61 50 3.? ) 0(0.0) 11(5.3) 2(4.8) 2(6.1) 0(0.0) 1(6.3) 16(4.5) 2) 14 (56.0) 130 (62.52) 27 (64.3) 20 (60.6) 18 (64.3) 8 (50.0) 217 (61.5) 3), 7(28.0) 58(27.8) 9(21.4) 8(24.2) 9(32.1) 5(31.3) 96(27.2) 4), 4(16.0) 10(4.8) 4(9.5) 3(9.1) 1(3.6) 2(12.5) 24(6.8) 25 (100.0) 209 (100.0) 42 (100.0) 33 (100.0) 28 (100.0) 16 (100) 353 (100) ) (column) (%).,,. 4.? ) 11(44.0) 59(28.2) 10(24.4) 9(30.0) 15(53.6) 11(73.3) 115(33.1) 2) 8(32.0) 101(48.3) 18(43.9) 13(43.3) 9(32.1) 1(6.7) 150(43.1) 3) 6(24.0) 27(12.9) 9(22.0) 4(13.3) 1(3.6) 2(13.3) 49(14.1) 4) 0(0.0) 17(8.1) 3(7.3) 0(0.0) 3(10.7) 1(6.7) 24(6.9) 5) 0(0.0) 5(2.4) 1(2.4) 4(13.3) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 10(2.9) 25 (100.0) 209 (100.0) 41 (100.0) 30 (100.0) 28 (100.0) 15 (100.0) 348 (100.0) ) (column) (%).., 50.

62 51 5.? ) / 3(12.0) 13(6.2) 6(14.3) 6(18.2) 4(14.8) 2(13.3) 34(9.7) 2) / / 9 (36.0) 75 (35.9) 15 (35.7) 6 (18.2) 8 (29.6) 3 (20.0) 116 (33.1) 3) 3(12.0) 17(8.1) 2(4.8) 2(6.1) 4(14.8) 0(0.0) 28(8.0) 4) / (40.0) (100.0) 104 (49.8) 209 (100.0) ) (column) (%). 19 (45.2) 42 (100.0) 19 (57.6) 33 (100.0) 11 (40.7) 27 (100.0) 10 (66.7) 15 (100.0) 173 (49.3) 351 (100). DB. 6.? ) / 2(8.0) 23(11.0) 6(14.6) 7(22.6) 9(34.6) 4(28.6) 51 (14.7) 2) 2(8.0) 15(7.2) 1(2.4) 2(6.5) 0(0.0) 0(0.0) 20 (5.8) 3) / 1(4.0) 5(2.4) 3(7.3) 2(6.5) 4(15.4) 0(0.0) 15 (4.3) 4) / 14(56.0) 128(61.2) 20(48.8) 7(22.6) 4(15.4) 5(35.7) 178 (51.5) 5) / 3(12.0) 27(12.9) 3(7.3) 6(19.4) 4(15.4) 2(14.3) 45 (13.0) 6) / 3(12.0) 10(4.8) 6(14.6) 5(16.1) 4(15.4) 2(14.3) 30 (8.7) 7) 0(0.0) 1(0.5) 2(4.9) 2(6.5) 1(3.9) 1(7.1) 7 (2.0) 25 (100.0) 209 (100.0) 41 (100.0) ) (column) (%). 31 (100.0) 26 (100.0) 14 (100.0) 345 (100.0)., /, 50 /.,, / 10, 20, 30, 40 60, /

63 52 7.? 1) / 2) (28.0) 8 (32.0) 101 (48.6) 46 (22.1) 9 (21.4) 18 (42.9) 8 (24.2) 7 (21.2) 9 (33.3) 7 (25.9) 8 (53.3) 2 (13.3) 14 (40.6) 82 (25.1) 3) 3(12.0) 5(2.4) 2(4.8) 0(0.0) 1 (3.7) 0(0.0) 1(3.1) 4) ( / ) 7 (28.0) 54 (26.0) 12 (28.6) 15 (45.5) 10 (37.0) 4 (26.7) 102 (29.1) 5) 0(0.0) 2(1.0) 1(2.4) 3(9.1) 0 (0.0) 1(6.7) 7(2.0) 25 (100.0) 208 (100.0) ) (column) (%). 42 (100.0) 33 (100.0) 27 (100.0) 15 (100.0) 350 (100) /, 10 30, ?(2 ) 1) / (47.5) 176 (46.7) 29 (41.4) 25 (45.4) 18 (38.3) 9 (39.1) 276 (45.1) 2) 1 (2.5) 8 (2.1) 4 (5.7) 1 (1.8) 3 (6.4) 0 (0.0) 17 (2.8) 3) CD-ROM 5 (12.5) 20 (5.3) 6 (8.6) 4 (7.3) 1 (2.1) 2 (8.7) 38 (6.2) 4) DB / 6 (15.0) 83 (22.0) 21 (30.0) 15 (27.3) 14 (29.8) 3 (13.0) 142 (23.2) 5) TV 9 (22.5) 88 (23.3) 10 (14.3) 10 (18.2) 11 (23.4) 8 (34.8) 136 (22.2) 6) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (4.4) 3 (0.5) 40 (100) 377 (100) ) (column) (%). 70 (100) 55 (100) 47 (100) 23 (100) 612 (100).,, DB,.

64 ? 1) 146 (67.0) 81 (61.8) 227 (65.0) 2) 65 (29.8) 35 (26.7) 100(28.7) 3) 6 (2.8) 11 (8.4) 17 (4.9) 4) 1 (0.5) 4 (3.1) 5 (1.4) 218 (100.0) 131 (100.0) 349 (100.0) ) (column) (%)..,. 2..? 1) 46 (21.1) 30 (22.9) 76 (21.8) 2) 110 (50.5) 70 (53.4) 180 (51.6) 3) 56 (25.7) 28 (21.4) 84 (24.1) 4) 6 (2.8) 3 (2.3) 9 (2.6) 218 (100.0) 131 (100.0) 349 (100.0) ) (column) (%)...

65 54 3.? 1) 11 (5.1) 5 (3.8) 16 (4.6) 2) 148 (67.9) 69 (52.7) 217 (62.2) 3), 51 (23.4) 42 (32.1) 93 (26.7) 4), 8 (3.7) 15 (11.5) 23 (6.6) 218 (100.0) 131 (100.0) 349 (100.0) ) (column) (%)..,. 4.? 1) 81 (37.9) 34 (26.2) 115 (33.4) 2) 92 (43.0) 56 (43.1) 148 (43.0) 3) 24 (11.2) 23 (17.7) 47 (13.7) 4) 12 (5.6) 12 (9.2) 24 (7.0) 5) 5 (2.3) 5 (3.9) 10 (2.9) 214 (100.0) 130 (100.0) 344 (100.0) ) (column) (%)..

66 55 5.? 1) / 23 (10.7) 11 (8.4) 34 (9.8) 2) / / 80 (37.0) 34 (26.0) 114 (32.9) 3) 13 (6.0) 14 (10.7) 27 (7.8) 4) / 100 (46.3) 72 (55.0) 172 (49.6) 216 (100.0) 131 (100.0) 347 (100.0) ) (column) (%)..,. 6.? 1) / 41 (19.3) 10 (7.7) 51 (14.9) 2) 10 (4.7) 8 (6.2) 18 (5.3) 3) / 10 (4.7) 5 (3.9) 15 (4.4) 4) / 105 (49.5) 72 (55.4) 177 (51.8) 5) / 33 (15.6) 12 (9.2) 45 (13.2) 6) / 10 (4.7) 19 (14.6) 29 (8.5) 7) 3 (1.4) 4 (3.1) 7 (2.1) 212 (100.0) 130 (100.0) 342 (100.0) ) (column) (%). DB. / /, /.

67 56 7.? 1) / 106 (49.1) 34 (26.2) 140 (40.5) 2) 47 (21.8) 39 (30.0) 86 (24.9) 3) 7 (3.2) 4 (3.1) 11 (3.2) 4) ( / / ) 49 (22.7) 53 (40.8) 102 (29.5) 5) 7 (3.2) 0 (0.0) 7 (2.0) 216 (100.0) 130 (100.0) 346 (100.0) ) (column) (%).., /,,,. 8.?(2 ) 1) / 175 (45.8) 98 (43.9) 273 (45.1) 2) 11 (2.9) 6 (2.7) 17 (2.8) 3) CD- ROM 23 (6.0) 15 (6.7) 38 (6.3) 4) DB / 87 (22.8) 54 (24.3) 141 (23.3) 5) T V 83 (21.7) 50 (22.4) 133 (22.0) 6) 3 (0.8) 0 (0.0) 3 (0.5) 382 (100.0) 223 (100.0) 605 (100) ) (column) (%)..,.

68 57 - /,,,,. 1.? / 1) 42 (58.3) 92 (61.3) 37 (57.8) 57 (86.4) 228(64.8) 2) 26 (36.1) 45 (30.0) 21 (32.8) 9 (13.7) 101(28.7) 3) 3 (4.2) 10 (6.7) 4 (6.3) 0 (0.0) 17(4.8) 4) 1 (1.4) 3 (2.0) 2 (3.1) 0 (0.0) 6(1.7) 72 (100.0) ) (column) (%). 150 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 352 (100.0).,. 2..? / 1) 16 (22.2) 30 (20.0) 15 (23.4) 17 (25.8) 78 (22.2) 2) 38 (52.8) 86 (57.3) 23 (35.9) 32 (48.5) 179 (50.9) 3) 18 (25.0) 31 (20.7) 24 (37.5) 13 (19.7) 86 (24.4) 4) 0 (0.0) 3 (2.0) 2 (3.1) 4 (6.1) 9 (2.6) 72 (100.0) 150(100.0) 64 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 352(100.0) ) (column) (%)...

69 58 3. / 1) 0 (0.0) 9 (6.0) 5 (7.8) 2(3.0) 16 (4.6) 2) 40 (55.6) 95 (63.3) 43 (67.2)? 39 (59.1) 217 (61.7) 3), 24(33.3) 38(25.3) 12(18.8) 22(33.3) 96(27.3) 4), 8(11.1) 8 (5.3) 4 (6.3) 3 (4.6) 23 (6.5) 72 (100.0) 150 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 66 (100.0) 352 (100.0) ) (column) (%)..,,. 4.? / 1) 23 (31.9) 43 (28.9) 18 (28.1) 30 (48.4) 114 (32.9) 2) 31 (43.1) 70 (47.0) 27 (42.2) 22 (35.5) 150 (43.2) 3) 13 (18.1) 20 (13.4) 7 (10.9) 9 (14.5) 49 (14.1) 4) 4 (5.6) 10 (6.7) 9 (14.1) 1 (1.6) 24 (6.9) 5) 1 (1.4) 6 (4.0) 3 (4.7) 0 (0.0) 10 (2.9) 72 (100.0) 149(100.0) 64 (100.0) 62 (100.0) 347(100.0) ) (column) (%)..,.

70 59 5.? / 1) / 7 (9.7) 10 (6.7) 7 (10.9) 10 (15.6) 34 (9.7) 2) / / 22 (30.6) 51 (34.0) 23 (35.9) 18 (28.1) 114 (32.6) 3) 8 (11.1) 10 (6.7) 6 (9.4) 4 (6.3) 28 (8.0) 4) / 35 (48.6) 79 (52.7) 28 (43.8) 32 (50.0) 174 (49.7) 72 (100.0) ) (column) (%). 150 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 350 (100.0)., DB. 6.? / 1) / 5 (6.9) 18 (12.1) 9 (14.1) 18 (30.0) 50 (14.5) 2) 5(6.9) 12 (8.1) 2 (3.1) 1 (1.7) 20 (5.8) 3) / 2 (2.8) 5 (3.4) 1 (1.6) 7 (11.7) 15 (4.4) 4) / 43 (59.7) 85 (57.1) 38 (59.4) 12 (20.0) 178 (51.6) 5) / 10 (13.9) 15 (10.1) 10 (15.6) 11 (18.3) 46 (13.3) 6) / 6 (8.3) 13 (8.7) 3 (4.7) 7 (11.7) 29 (8.4) 7) 1 (1.4) 1 (0.7) 1 (1.6) 4 (6.7) 7 (2.0) 72 (100.0) 149 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 60 (100.0) 345(100.0) ) (column) (%). DB., / /.

71 60 7.? / 1) / 27 (37.5) 61 (40.9) 29 (45.3) 23 (35.9) 140(40.1) 2) 15 (20.8) 39 (26.2) 14 (21.9) 20 (31.3) 88(25.2) 3) 3 (4.2) 4 (2.7) 2 (3.1) 2 (3.1) 11 (3.2) 4) ( / / ) 25 (34.7) 45 (30.2) 19 (29.7) 14 (21.9) 103(29.5) 5) 2 (2.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5 (7.8) 7 (2.0) 72 (100.0) 149(100.0) 64 (100.0) 64 (100.0) 349(100.0) ) (column) (%).., /.,,,,. 8.?(2 ) / 1) / 54 (44.3) 125(46.6) 53 (46.5) 43 (40.6) 275 (45.1) 2) 1 (0.8) 8 (3.0) 4 (3.5) 4 (3.8) 17 (2.8) 3) CD-ROM 11 (9) 11 (4.1) 9 (7.7) 7 (6.6) 38 (6.2) 4) DB / 16 (13.1) 73 (27.2) 26 (22.8) 26(26.5) 141 (23.1) 5) TV 40 (32.8) 50 (18.7) 21 (18.4) 25 (23.6) 136 (22.3) 6) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.9) 1 (0.9) 3 (0.5) 122 (100.0) ) (column) (%). 268 (100.0) 114 (100.0) 106 (100.0) 610 (100).

72 . TV,,

73 T V T V T V. T V 1926,. 1927, 1935 ( Becky Sharp ) T V T V T V 5.,.,,..,,,.., T V.,,,., T V.,..,.,,.. (HDT V)

74 < > T V 61.8%. T V,. 1) ,500 T V 69.4%. T V 42.7%, 38.2%, 38.9%. 2),,.,.. T V.,.. 2.1, KBS1, KBS2, MBC, SBS, EBS. 1),, 1991, p.15, 2),,, p.26

75 T V , 3, 11., , ,,,,, , -, - ( ) -,

76 / / (,, ).,.,.. - (06:00 09:00) - (09:00 12:00) - (16:00 19::00) - ( ) (19:00 22:00) - (23:00 )

77 T V 67..,,,,,.,,.., SPSS PC+. (Crosstab T ables ) , 96, 97., 3 KBS1, KBS2, MBC, SBS, EBS , %.

78 68, % 17., % 18. T V 4%. 96, 5.7%, 5.5% , 3 2-5%. EBS KBS., 2-3., T V.,. < 2-1> ( : (%)) KBS1 KBS2 MBC SBS EBS (2.7) (4.0) (5.7) (5.5) (4.4) (3.6) (4.3) (4.2) (4.4)

79 T V , 96, %, 2.9%., % %.. EBS 5.5%, 6.6%. 1-3%., EBS,. < 2-2> TV : (%) KBS1 KBS2 MBC SBS EBS (1.7) (2.9) (3.9) (3.7) (3.8) (2.3) (3.5) (3.8) (3.9) 130 (2.1) (2.4) 73.3 (1.2) (1.4) (1.9) (5.5) (6.6) (3.2) (2.9) (38.8%)

80 (21.4%). / 17 (16.5%), / 11 (10.7%). ( ). EBS., KBS.,..,. < 2-3> ( : (%)) KBS1 KBS2 MBC SBS EBS 6 6(5.8) (2.9) ( ), (16.5) (21.4) (38.8) (10.7) 1 3 4(3.9) 11 (10.7) 15 (14.6) 11 (10.7) 12 (11.7) 54 (52.4) 103 (100), < 365 >, < >, < >,. < >, < >,.. / 4,

81 T V , 1. / 17 / 8, 5, 4, 2. 11, 8, , / 8, 7,. / 7, 3, 1. < 2-4> ( : (%)) 2 4 6(5.8) 1 2 3(2.9) ( ), (16.5) (21.4) (38.8) (10.7) (3.9) 37 (35.9) 2 (1.9) 12 (11.7) 24 (23.3) 8 (7.8) 4 (3.9) 8 (7.8) 8 (7.8) 103 (100),

82 (35.9%), 24 (23.3%). / 12 (11.7%),,, 8 (7.8%). 4 (3.9%), 2 (1.9). EBS SBS,. 2.. < 2-5> ( : (%)) KBS1 KBS2 MBC SBS EBS (35.9) 1 1 2(1.9), (11.7) (23.3) 4 4 8(7.8) 1 3 4(3.9) 1 7 8(7.8) 8 8(7.8) 11(10.7) 15(14.6) 11(10.7) 12(11.7) 54(52.4) 103(100).., /,, , / 12 10, 8 6, 8.,, 8 4, 4.

83 T V 73 < 2-6> ( : (%)) (35.9) 2 2(1.9) (11.7) (23.3) (7.8) 4 4(3.9) 6 2 8(7.8) 8 8(7.8) 70(68.0) 14(13.6) 15(14.6) 4(3.9) 103(100),,, ( ). /,,,,., (59.2%)., 30 (29.1%) /, 12 (11.7%).. KBS 1, MBC, EBS /, KBS2 SBS /,, 3.. /.

84 74,.,. < 2-7> ( : (%)) KBS1 KBS2 MBC SBS EBS (29.1) (11.7) ( ) (59.2) 11(10.7) 15(14.6) 11(10.7) 12(11.7) 54(52.4) 103(29.1),. / 30,,, 28, / / 11, / / 10. / / 11, / / 1,. / / 11, / 10, / 7. < 2-8> ( : (%)) (29.1) (11.7) ( ) (59.1) 6(5.8) 3(2.9) 17(16.5) 22(21.4) 40(38.8) 11(10.7) 4(3.9) 103(100)

85 T V 75,. / /,.,,. /. / /,.., , 49 (47.6%) 19:00 23:00., 30 (29.1%) 16:00 19:00, 12 (12.7%) 09:00 12: < 2-9> ( : (%)) KBS1 KBS2 MBC SBS EBS (06:00 09:00) (09:00 12:00) ( ) (16:00 19:00) ( ) (19:00 23:00) (23:00 24:00) 11 (11.3) (7.8) (11.7) (29.1) 15 (14.6) (47.6) 11 (10.7) 12 (11.7) 4 4(3.9) 54 (52.4) 103 (100)

86 (47.8%) 19:00 23:00., EBS. 3 KBS2 T V 3, MBC 1.,,... KBS.. / / / / 4, 3, 5., / / 14, / / 9, / 3. < 2-10> ( : (%)) (06:00 09:00) (7.8) (09:00 12:00) (11.7) (16:00-19:00) (29.1) ( ) (19:00 23:00) (47.6) (23:00 24:00) 1 3 4(3.9) 6 (5.8) 3 (2.9) 17 (16.5) 22 (21.4) 40 (38.8) 11 (10.7) 4 (3.7) 103 (100)

87 T V 77 / / 17, / / / 10, / / 7. / / 3, / / 1,.,,., / /, / /, / /., , % (13.4%) 15 (14.6%), 4 (3.9%). < 2-11> ( : (%)) KBS1 KBS2 MBC SBS EBS (68.0) (13.4) (14.6) 4 4(3.9) 11(10.7) 15(14.6) 11(10.7) 12(11.7) 54(52.4) 103(100) EBS KBS2- T V., KBS 1 MBC, SBS. KBS 1- T V., 5 2

88 78 SBS / / 26, / / / / 12, / 8. / / 5, / / / 3. / / 8, / / 7,. / /. < 2-12> ( : (%)) (68.0) (13.6) (14.6) 4 4(3.9) 6(5.8) 3(2.9) 17(16.5) 22(21.8) 40(38.8) 11(10.7) 4(3.9) 103(100).,..,

89 T V %, %. 20%,... < 2-13> ( : (%)) KBS1 KBS2 MBC SBS EBS (56.3) (43.7) 11(10.7) 15(14.6) ) 12(11.7) 54(52.4) 103(100) KBS KBS MBC SBS,. EBS 54 35, 19,. EBS.,., 58 18, 14., 45 23, 8, 5, 4.

90 80 < 2-14> ( : (%)) (35.9) 2 (1.9) 12 (11.7) 24 (23.3) 8 (7.8) 4 (3.9) 8 (7.8) 8 (7.8) 58 (56.3) 45 (43.7) 103 (100) , ,... BBC 80. BBC

91 T V 81, 40 QED Horizen. 3),. EBS....,.,.. SBS.,.. < / >, < >, < >, < >.,,,.. 3) Brian Wynne(1996), "News & Views," Public Understanding of Science, Vol.VI, p.345.

92 82.. < >, < >, < >,.,,,,.., KBS, MBC, SBS 43.3%, 45.2%, 53.2%. 69.5%, 68.3%, 73.6%.. 3..,., 2 47, 3 57, 4 24.,,..,...,,.,.

93 T V 83 < 2-15>, 3. MBC SBS,.,. < 2-15> 3 (1996 ) KBS 15 ( 6 ),,,, MBC 10 ( 2 ),,. SBS 3,,,. PD. PD.,.,... PD ,,.,,

94 84.,,...,.,., PBS (Public Broadcasting System ) T V (Squre One T V) (National Science Foundation). 4) EBS,.. KBS1. MBC SBS....,, 4) National Science Foundation (1992), Informal Science Education Programe, Project Abstract, (Wasshington D.C: National Science Foundation)

95 T V 85.,....,.,.,..,,., 4. < 2-16> ( ) /,,., 2, 3...,.,,,,,,.

96 86., ,,. EBS, /.,,,., PD.,., T V T V,, ,.,. 57% 10%, 38% 10-30%.,

97 T V 87 EBS. < 2-1>, 67%. (44%), (39%),., (25%), ( 5-7 ).,. / 47%, 5%, 5%, 5%. 63%, 25%, 4%. < 2-2>

98 88 < 2-3> % 25, 4, 0 63, 8 < 2-4>, / 57%, 39%,,,, 'Hard Science', 'Soft Science'..,. < 2-5>

99 T V 89 < 2-6>,, 33%, 62%,.,., EBS,., 70%.

100 90 < 2-7> 24% EBS. T V. ( 56%) ( 10, ). < 2-8>

101 T V 91 < 2-9> < 2-10> ),,. < 5-8>, ( 48%).,. PD,,,,,.

102 92.. < 2-11>.,,,.,. < 2-12>

103 T V 93,.,,., 21,.,,, ,. T V.,,,.. < 2-13>

104 94 < 2-14> < 2-15> < 2-16> TV,.

105 T V 95.,,,..., 21,....,..,.,,,.. < 2-17>

106 96 /.,,,.,.., T V.,,,,,.,..,,,. IMF,.. T V.

107 T V 97 3 T V,, T V,, One Source Multi Use,.,,. < 2-18> TV,,. 2.5.,, T V.

108 98. 3.,. PD,.,,,.,.,.,. /.. (input ) (output ),.,.,,,.,,., NHK, BBC,, IBM.,..,. IBM OHP..

109 T V 99,., (scientific literacy ).,.,,.,....,..,.,..,.,,..,.

110 100.,.,,..,,.....,.

111 101 3.,. T V..,,.,.,..,,,.,.,,.,, (target audience),,. T V T V,...

112 102,. T V , Sci- Fi Cha nne l Sci- Fi Channel.,. Sci- Fi, T V, 1992 USA Network. Sci- Fi Hughes Galaxy 5 5, T V ,,,,.,,,,, : UF O, Space:1999, Inside space, Science fiction T heater, Invisible m an, Anti- Gravity, Incredible Hulk, Bionic Wom an, Six million dollar man, Room Sw amp

113 103 T hing ; Dracula, T wilight Zone, Monsters, T ales from dark sides, Dark Shadow s, Friday the 13th, Night stalker ; Masters of fantasy (Discove ry Cha nne l) Sci- Fi, Discovery,,,..,,., ,499,000 1 ESPN , T he Discovery Channel- Europe.,. T V Q, (Discove ry Civilization Cha nne l) Discovery Civilization, Discovery Kids, Discovery Science.,, (Discove ry Kids Cha nne l) (Discovery Kids ) 2 14,.

114 (Discove ry Scie nce Cha nne l) (Discovery Science).,., The Lea rning Cha nne l T he Learning Channel Discovery Communications, Inc.,,,,,. T he Learning , 97 5,500, T V., (Ecology Cha nne l) (Ecology Channel), , 8,..,,.

115 NASA (NASA : National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- tration ) NASA T V.,.,. NASA T V 24, , Knowledge TV. Knowledge T V. Knowledge T V 2500,,,,,,,,. 4 : 1) ; 2), ; 3) ; 4). 4.,. : Introduction to Pagemaker, part 1 / Photoshop for Pagemaker / Introduction to Quark Xpres s / More T ips in Quark Xpress / Master s of Media: What is Intranet? / Quicken 7 / Introduction to Paint er 3.0 / Introduction to Window s / More Window T ips and T rick s / Introduction t o Microsoft Office / Adv anced T ips in Pow er Point / More Microsoft Office / Using the Int ernet in Bu siness

116 JCN(Jones Compute r Network),,.,,.,,,,, on- line services, JCN (Jones Computer Network) JCN JEC Knowledge T V 28, , SAT COM C JCN Regis. JCN. New Media New s / F uture T ech. / Computer Kids / Cyber City Diner / MultiMedia Gulch / Solutions in Bu sines s e / Hom e Computing / JCN Virtual T rade Show s / Going On- Line / JCN Profiles / How to buy a computer JEC Knowledge TV JEC Knowledge T V, JCN.,,.,....,.

117 107 T V. T V , New Science Network, ORB T V, T he T echnology Channel. New Science Network New Science Network,.,,, UF O,,. ORB T V ORB T V 1998, 18.,,,,,,..,. 24. T V T V (Cable T V

118 108 system operator ). 100 T V. 40. (97 ) 50. T V 6., Sci- Fi, Discovery 10. Sci- Fi,. 3.2 / T V.

119 109, T V. 20 (< 3-1> ), (1985 ) 7.,.,, 90.,.,. Sci- Fi, 36,000,000 ( ESPN 71,100,000 ) (< 3-2> ). T he Roper Organization T V., 4. / / 5 (< 3-3> ). ( ) ( 3-4),.., , 55..

120 110 (Prime time) 15, 3 T V,,. (12 17 ), (2 11 ). 18. / (46:38) % (< 3-4> ) , 79 67, ,,,., 12 17, , 55.,

121 111. /,, NT A NAB Roper/ Starch Worldwide (< > ), T V, T V TV T V % % % 38% T V 6% 1994 T V (72 38)., % % % 1990, %. T V %, % ( )., T V % % ( 1.7 ). T V TV T V

122 112. T V. T V. T V ( ) T V (1996 ; ), T V T V , 3 T V F ox 19, 3 T V PBS T V ( ) T V T V 13.5, 2.6, 0.8. T V 60.1 T V, 39.2 ( ) VCR 2.6,.,, VCR.., TV,

123 113. T V.,. T V (< > ), 1, 2, 3, 4, / 5, 6, / 11,....,. (Feature film )., T V,,,.., T V. ( T V,, PC, ) PC,. T V,., (Feature film )...,.,

124 114. T V T V., T V (PPV : Pay per view ) PPV. T V..,, T V 30 KBS ST AR- T V, NHK, CNN.. T V. 3.4 T V... T he Discovery Channel / T he Learning Channel(T LC) / NASA T V / S ci- F i Sci- Fi cha nne l 1996 Sci- Fi, -, -. * (Alfred Hitchcock Presents): 1955

125 115. * Battlestar Galactica : (the Cylon ).. * T he Bionic Woman:.,. * Dark Shadow s: 200..,. * 13 : * * Kolchak : T he Night Stalker :.. * Night Gallery :. * T he Outer Limit s: 1963.,,,,. * Ray Bradbury T heater :. * 6 :,.. * Space:.

126 116 * : Seaview.. *! :. Sci- Fi * Inside Space:.,,, NASA,. 30,. 10:30 pm & 2:30 am 9:30 am & 5:30 am - 8:30 am - -, Sci- Fi.. * Sci- Fi Buzz:,,,, T V.,,, TV Onta rio( T he Online Group: Acces sible S olution s for Education and Culture T V Ontario - -, (home study ), Accreditation, (education community ), (interactive study ) - - (distance learning division ) T V Ontario, T V -.. T V

127 117.,,,. - - T VOntario Curriculum Project. PDT V: Professional Dev elopm ent T elevision.,,.,,,,,. 1 90,,,, (,, ),. 4, Borde r Te levis ion online :,,. ( - T V.com/ ) - 10/ 15/ 96 Border T V Innovators, Blue Streak, Inside Sellafield. (Innovators) Innovators / 30, 1994.,

128 118 I Gene Genius - Biotechnology in Medicine T he Right Connections - Communicatoins Pick of the Crop - Biotechnology in F ood and Crops T he Next Generation - Renewable Energies Cleaning Up - Nuclear T echnology II T he Human Brain : Brain Power Military T echnology : High T ech Warriors T ransportation: T he Way to Go Clim ate Change: Winds of Change I nformation T echnology : T he Digital Domain Blue Streak Blue Streak.. Inside Sellafield Inside Sellafield: , PBS PBS Online PBS Online PBS,. insidepbs/ learningservices/ eft.html Electronic Field T rips, T V,. ) Live from Mars: Countdown?" quest.arc.nasa.gov/ mars/

129 119 Live from Mars: Countdown?" 1997,. NASA NSF. NASA (intercative).,, 1997,.,. ) Icebodies : ,,.. PBS Online. the Annenberg/ CPB Project., Lea rne r Online rne r.org/ W eb sit e for leanrer s and educator s by the Annenberg/ CPB Project PBS,., CD,,, /.,. ) Algebra: T he Simplest T erm s Program Descriptions" 30 26, 1 13.

130 BBC BBC. < > ( ) Future F antastic":. "Grand Design" : "Horizon" : Flagship science documentary series (BBC 2) Local Heros" : (BBC 2) "T his Multimedia Business" : (BBC 1) "T he Sky at Night " : (BBC 1) "T ommorrow ' s World" : (BBC 1) "T he Net" (BBC 2) Horizon: T he BBC' s Flagship Science Documentary Strand(BBC 2) 30.,,., Liar - -? 2. "T he Human Laboratory" Nanotopia Hunt for the Doomsday Astreoid" "A Code in the Nose" - - Horizon Et Cetera BBC. horizon/ further.html/ ) Einstein : 1932

131 121.,,,,,,, A Code in the Nose" T he Gene Race" : (cystic fibrosis).,, Jones Compute r Network u.edu/jcn/ : JCN Glenn R. Jones Jones International, Ltd , Mind Extension Univer - sity (ME/ U) 28, 1994 T V., Jones International, Ltd. 17. ME/ U, JCN,. JCN. JCN. JCN,,, (interactive) T V,, (, "Cyber City Diner"),.

132 NHK HNK 5 - -,, 2, T V - -..,., Discove ry Cha nne l ry.com/. ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ). ) "Star Shack" "Fresh Science".,, 10,,., CD. Discovery Pavilion. Discovery Channel School (http: // school.discovery.com/ ),,.,.,,,.

133 ,,.,.,,.,.....

134 124 < 3-1> T op 20 ( : ) 1 ESPN 27,600 71,100, CNN 11,528 71,000, TNT 10,538 70,549,000,, TBS 11,668 69,920, C-SPAN 6,003 69,700, USA Network 12,500 69,677, Discovery Ch N/A 69,499,000,,, TNN 17,636 68,875, LIFE TV 8,300 67,000,000, The Family Ch 13,352 66,900,000,, A & E 12,000 66,880, MTV 9,176 66,700, Nickelodeon/ Nick at nite 11,788 11,711 66,000, The Weather Ch 6,500 66,000, Headline News 6,470 64,200, AMC N/A 61,500, CNBC 60,000, QVC 5,895 58,174, VH1 6,088 56,328, The Learning Ch N/A 55,000, (* Cable Developments 1996 spring, 1997 spring.)

135 125 < 3-2> 70 % 50 % 45 % 37 % / / 36 % 35 % 24 % 21 % 19 % 17 % 17 % 16 % 14 % (* T V Dimensions 95 ) < 3-3> 10 / / / * ( * 8 )

136 126 < 3-4> 100 % / ABC/CBS/NBC < 3-5> / Fox /

137 127 ABC/ CBS/NBC < 3-6> / ( : % ) / / / / / Fox / < > TV TV TV * % 57% 34% 8% 4% 19% 29% NR (NR : Not reported * : T V )

138 128 < > (SHARE) ABC/ CBS/NBC ABC/ CBS/NBC (VCR) PBS Fox UPN/WB < > TV (%) / / / ( ) ( )

139 : ,., 50 (C.P. Snow ),,.,,,.,.,.,. NHK,,,. / EBS.,.

140 130,, SF (science fiction ).,,. (cyberspace).,. PC, SF, SF. SF,.,,.,, SF. ( )., SF SF SF 17 (J. Kepler, ) (Somnium ) (N. Copernicus) (On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres ).,.,,

141 131. SF,. 17 SF,, 1969 (Apollo Project ). SF (Arthur C. Clarke).,,. 1970, (G. K. O'Neill)., SF ) 1953 (Childhood ' s End). 2001: (2001: A Space Ody ssey ) , (J. Verne, ) SF 20, 1,., ,,,,,.. (My sterious Island, 1874 ). 5) The Sociology of Science, B. Barbor & W. Hirsch, 1962.

142 132, , (Five Weeks in a Balloon), (F or the Flag). 2 (20,000 Leagues Under the Sea), (Nemo), SF.. 19 SF, 20 SF (Isaac Asimov, ).,.,,,,, (F oundation )., (Nightfall) SF. SF. (H. G. Wells: ) (T he World Set Free, 1914 ).

143 133 (L. Szilard) (chain reaction),. 1, / 3, 3/ 4. 21,. (Robert A. Heinlein) SF., SF SF (Astounding SF ) SF SF,. (John W. Campbell) 20 SF.. (Blowups Happen, Astounding),., SF. 2 (Solution Unsatisfactory, ),., SF,,. SF 21 SF (Aldous L. Huxley,

144 ) (A Brave New World)., SF (Methuselah ' s Children, New York, Signet Books, 1958). SF, 90. (Outbreak), (Mutation), (Brain), (Coma). (M. Chrighton ) (T he Jurassic Park) SF SF..,. SF,. PC. 3 PC ( ),,.,., PC.,,., PC

145 135,.., PC, ( ). ( ) ( ) SF., 20. PC, (, 18, 4 ) 1., SF, 30 (, 1995 ).,,, 20., SF (the worst 5). 5 < >. 4 ( ) < >, DNA < > 3. MIB

146 136 < > 2, 1 < (F ace Off)>. < > SF -. < > 97 ( ).,.., /, < >.,, < >. /, < >., (replicant ),, < >.,. < ( )> < >,.,. SF. < >, < >, < 12 >,.,.,

147 137,. < >, <ET >, < >, ( )., < >, 2. SF. SF ( ). < >, < 2>, < >, < J>, < 12 >, < >, < >, < > / /, < >, < >, < > /. < > (1951) < > (1999 ), < >., SF.,,,,, SF SF,,, /. SF,, -., SF, SF.,, SF.

148 138 21,.., SF,. SF.. SF, -, -.,., SF..,,,,., SF, SF. SF. SF.,,.,. < >, < >, < >, < >.,, T V.

149 ,,.,,., SF. T V 30 (Star T rek)., T V. (T he Physics of Star T rek, 1995 ),.,,,,,.,,.,,,.. SF. < > (teleporetion ) 97

150 140. SF., SF SF,. SF. SF SF.,,. SF,,. (S - FX) SF S - FX, S - FX.,...,,.,,.,..,..,.

151 ,,,,.. SF..,.,.,. ( ), (cell).. CF.

152 142 CUT - OUT,. ( ).,. (1995 < > ), (< > ). ( ) (PAINT ING ON T HE GLASS ), ( ). (PIXILLAT ION), ( MT V )..

153 143 ( ; < > ) < (T RON)>, ( ; < >, < >, < >, < >, < >, < >. < > ) ,, , 12, 30..,,.,,,,.,, -,,,.,,,.,,,,.,,..

154 ,,.. < 28 > < Z>, < > < >....,.,.,.. < >, < >. < >.,..,

155 145. (CONT I)., , (lay - out ).. ( ).,. ( ),,,.,. (Checking ) NG, RE - T AKE..,. (INKING).

156 146.,.,. (PAINT ING). / /.., , ,. 17. (, Magic Lantern ), (T raumatrope), (Stroboscope) [ ], 1906 [, Humours Phumours on Funny Face] [ ], 1928 [ ].

157 147 HLKZ T V (,, ) [ ]. [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ] [ ]. [ ], T V,. 1976, [ ], [ ], [ 1,2,3], [ 007], [ ]. 76 SF.. [ A](81), [ ](82), [ V](82), [ V](84), [ 3](85), [ ](85), [ ](79), [ ](79), [ ](79), [ ](79), [ ](81). 81 [ 001],. 5. SF [15 ](80), [ 5 ](80), [ 007, ](80), [ ](81), [ 5000 ](82), [ ](83), [ ](83), [UF O ](83), [ 007](85), [ ](85), [ ](96) (< > )., 1982 < > [ ], < > [ ].

158 148 T V T V. T V 1964 [ ]. T V (< > ). T V SF [ ](71), [ ](82), [ ](83), [ ](86), [ ](82), [ ](83), [ ](79), [ ](69), [ ](71), [ ](71), [ Z](75), [ X](79), [ 999](81), [ ](85), [ ](88), [ ](88), [ ](88), [2020 ](89) < > (88), < > (87), < > (87), < > (90). < >, <2020 > (< > ). ( ),, 97 Si Caf 4. [ ], [ ].,.,..

159 < > 1, < > 1 4, < > 2.,,,.,. 90%, 95%., 1995,. 3. 4, 7, 1, 2, 4, % (1997 ), %.,,,

160 150 - ( ) - - (2 ) T V T V 90%.. < >, < >, < >, < Z>, < 5 >, < >, < >, < >. 88 < >, 97 < > T V., 90. < > (94), < 5> (95), < > (96), < > (97), < >

161 151.,..,.,,.., PC, CD., , ,.,. <, >..

162 %, 2. 6,, ( )..,.., ( ).., < >.. < Z >. < >,,,.. < >, < > ( ).. ( ) T V..

163 (95 ), KBS 1 1 (KBS2-42.9%, MBC- 28.8%, SBS %) (< > ). SF., SF,. SF, SF. SF. ( ) SF. SF,..,., /.,.,.? SF,.,

164 154. ( ). SF,..,,.,.,.?..,.,,,..?.,,,. ( ),...

165 155?. < >. < > 3., < >, < >.... < V> < > ,. < >.,..,.,.,.

166 .,, CD-ROM

167 ?,. (Modem, Modulation and Demodulation)., MIT F CC(F ederal Communication Commission ) AT &T,..,..,.,.

168 ,..,. (ARPA, Advanced Research Project Agency ) (circuit switching ) (packet switching ), (ARPA Computer Network) (ARPANET )., , IMP (Interface Message Processor ; ) D.C (Defense Communication Agency ), 60., 1982 (Defense Data Network)., (MILNET ) (Internet ),. (E - mail), (FT P ),,.

169 (LAN), PC., % , ,.,. 3.,,, T V.,,,,,, T V..,.., %.., EU, AP ( ),.

170 162. ( ). (Netizen).,,,., ID.,.,.,.., IAD(Internet Addiction Disorder, 1994 ).,,,,,.,.,..,,,.,, 2-3%,..

171 MIT,, NASA, Bell,,,,,,, ,......,..,,.

172 , 1982 KIET SDN (System Development Network ) HANA KORNET., 1994, < 5-1> ,650 14,681 38,644 73, ,664 ISP %.. < 5-1>

173 165 < 5-1> %, 7.7% 3.2% 1.4% (96 12 ).. 5..

174 166 < 5-2> , 2 5, ,. < 5-2> ,919 85,494., T V.

175 167 < 5-2> 5.3, (World Wide Web). (Usenet new sgroup), (Mailing list ) (Use net newsgroup). (newsgroup)

176 168 20,000.,,,.... ( ) (.).. comp :,,.. sci :,. talk : (talk).,.. new s :.,,, FAQ(Frequently Asked Questions),. rec :.

177 169 misc :. alt : alt.. ( alt. bit : BIT NET. BIT NET, bit BIT NET. biz :.,, clari : AP.. gnu : FSF (Free Software Foundation ). FSF,,,. GNU, GNU 'GNU is Not Unix '. ieee : IEEE. info :. bionet :. han :, han (WWW). (97 8 ) 380,070. [ ]. [1633] [283] [257]

178 170. ( 3 ). BBS : T ext BBS (5), Web BBS (79), (6) CAD : DB (22), Web (36), ( )(4) : (59), (49), (44) ( ) : Web (53), (20), (26), (2), (223), (96) : HT ML(8), WWW (11), (JAVA )(18), (6) : (2), (1), (2) : SW (3), (2), (2), ( ) : HW (45), SW (114), (3), (36), (64), (57), (15), (96), (144) : (3), (5), (4), (5), (3), (26), (10) : ( )(7) : ( )(9) : (93) : (1), ( )(16)

179 171 : (4), (5), (31) : (35), (19), (1), (6), (19) : (1), (9), (1), (5), (3), (19), (1), (1), (18), (41), (5) (10), (1), (3) ( ),....,.

180 CD- ROM , 1962 MIT..,. 2, , VCS PC., 80 IBM - PC,., 80, 90.

181 CD- ROM ,., CD , 94 50, CD- 30%, (, 1995) , 30 50% , , (, 1995)..,, (Contents )..,.,.,.., (CAI; Computer Assisted Instruction ), , %

182 174. PC 9 1, PC. 70,., PC 80%, T V 95%. ( ). 20, 30,, 20 30, (96 ).,. (, 1997), 1996 &, 5, 2 5, ,, PC.,.,,, (Pong ). T V, 8, 16, 32, 64.

183 CD- ROM 175 PC PC. PC,,.,,,,,,,.,,.,.,,,,. PC ( ) (SEGA ).. :,,, PC,,,,,,, 3D,, 2,,,. :, F 19,,,,,, &, 2,, 2,,,,,,, 2,,,,,,,,

184 176,. :,,,,, 2,, 5 (RPG; Role Playing Game, ),. :,,,,,, 2,,. : NBA LIVE 96, FIFA 96,, (10 ), Euro 96,, PGA 96,, 2 (Board T able Game),,,,.. (Variety Game),, , (, 1995;, 1997)).,,

185 CD- ROM ,. : NCAA,,,,,,,,. :,, T FX,,,,,, 357, 3.0, UF O,. :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2,,,,,,. :,,,,,,,,,. :,,,,,,,,,,,,

186 178. :,,,,,. :,,, ( ), ( ). :,, Blown Away ( ),,,. :,,,, ( ),,, SF SF. : 4, 2, 2, 2, :,,,. (MUD, 'Multiple User Dimension ' )..

187 CD- ROM 179..,,,,... KIT,,, CIRCLE.,,,,. PC. * SF 1999.,,,,.,.. 1m.,,.,,.,.,,. *,.,...

188 180 * 2333, 7, * CYBERZONE : * : * : * : * : * : * : * : * : * : * : * : * : * : * : * : * : * : (, 1997) -

189 CD- ROM / - /

190 (, 1997) : - : /. - : - : :, - : - : - : - : SW 1 100%,. : 15% : 10% : 5%

191 CD- ROM 183 Opening & Ending : 10% : 60%. (Game Engineering ).,,,,,,, /,,,,, /, T V/ CAT V,. 6.3.,., T V,.,,, (edu - game), (edutainment ).,,,,,.,..,.,.,,, (, 1995).

192 (1980), (, 1993).,,, (, 1993), (, 1994). (Greenblat Bredemeier, Rosen ),, (, 1997) ,.,.,, (, 1991).,.

193 CD- ROM ,. (1993).,..,,, ,.,.,,,.,,.,,,.,,,,,.,..,

194 186 (, 1997)., PC 52%, 20%, 14%, 3%, 6% ( ).. (, 1995), 83.4%, 28.4%, 13.1%, 11.5%, OA 17.8%, 7.8%., 91.4%, % 42.8%,.,.,,...,,,,,.,

195 CD- ROM , (edugame), (edutainment ).,. (88 96) 1500,,,,.. 3.,.,,, UN,,.,..,., ,,,,,,.,

196 188., SF.,,,, SF.. SF,. SF.. SF, ,,,,.,,... SF.. SF ,

197 CD- ROM 189.,,,,,.,,, SOS. SOS 4.,,,,,..,,,.,., -,,.,,,,,. 6,. Out Numbered!,

198 190,, Gizmos & Gadgets.,,,, (Simearth) (Simant ) T he Ant 6.5.3,,,. 20, 10, SF & 2,

199 CD- ROM NASA (EART HSIEGE) 25, (SYST EMSOFT/ )

200 ,.,,.,.,,., 70,. 93.,.,... (, 1997) 90.,,,,,.

201 CD- ROM 193..,,,...,.. ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ).. ( ) ( ), ( ), (, ) ( ),..,,..,.,,,,...

202 194,.,. 50%..,..,.,. 6.7 CD CD CD. CD CD, CD., CD, CD. CD CD. CD,. CD

203 CD- ROM 195 CD, CD, CD, CD. CD.,... ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) CD CD CD CD , , (< 1-2> ).. CD. CD. CD CD..(< 4-2?> ) 316 CD 50. 7, CD 20, CD 5, CD 6. CD CD. CD

204 196,, -,. CD.,, CD. BBC PBS T V CD. CD. CD, CD CD CD CD. CD, T V,. CD,. SF,. CD. CD. T V, CD.

205 CD- ROM 197 CD CD. CD.,. CD. CD, CD. CD, CD. SF SF, (edutainemnt ) CD.. CD, CD,.,. CD.,., CD..

206 .

207 ,. T V VCR PC T V,., ( ).,,., (1) T V T V.,,.,. T V.,

208 202..,,.,,.,,,,,..,,.,. SW,,., KBS,., T V.,..,.,

209 203,..,.,,, PD,,.,,,..,..,.,,., ( ). (2),,, (97 5% )., T V 90%.,,

210 204.,.,.,. SF,,.,,,.,.,,.,,. (3) PC (52% 83% ),.,,.,,,., (edugame) (edutainment ).,, (88 96, 1500 ),

211 205, 3..,,,.. (4) ,..,.,..,,,,,,,.,,.,.,.,,.,,.

212 206 (5) CD- ROM CD. CD. CD,,., CD, CD.,. CD,., CD,., CD, CD. SF, (edutainment ) CD., CD,., CD,. 7.2,.,,.,

213 207. < 7-1> 1 ( ) 2 ( ) - : TV - : ( - ) CATV - CD-ROM 3 (2004 ) - - ( - TV TV ) S/W ( ) DVD - -H/W - CD-ROM - : - -IMF ,. ( ) - CD- ROM - DVD(Digital Versatile Disc) - ( / / / / ) -

214 208 T V - T V T V - T V - (webzine)( ) - - SF - - / / - - SF / / - -

215 209 - (Digital Photography ) ?,, (pool) (,,, 1998).. 1. (1) / CAD ( ) - - ( / ) - /

216 210 (2) (3) ( ) (4) - / - (5) - - ( / ) - - (6) / / - (,,, ) - ( /, /, ) 2. (1) -

217 (2) (3) - / - (, ) - (LG,, ) - / ( ) - (,, ) - - (4) - - (5)

218 / (6) / / (7) / - 3. ( ) (1) - (, ) - ( ) ( ( )/ ( )/ ( )/ / / ) - ( )/ / / / ( ) ) (, ) - - (, ) - - / (, ) - - (, )

219 213 (2) - / - - (, ) (3) / - ( ) / / - /

220 (4) - - (5) / ( ) (6) - - (7) (8) - UNESCO

221 (1) - / / / / / / / / - / / / / (2) - / / / (3) - / / / / / / / - / / (4) - / / (Geodesy )/ (5) / - / / / / / / (6) - / / / / / / (7) - / / / / / / / / / (8) - / / / / (9) - / / / / / - /

222 216 (10) / - / / / / / / / / ( )/ / / / / / 5. (1) / - - / / / / / / / / ( ) - (2) (Cartography Map) - - (T opography ) - / / (3)

223 217 (4) - ( ) - ( ) 6. (1) - - (2) / (3) / / (4) / / - (5) / / /

224 218 (6) / (7) / (8) - ( ) / (9) (10) - - -

225 (11) / (12) - - / T V/ WEB/ - - / - (13) (14) / /

226 / / (15) / - (tests & measurements) - - (16) / / (17) (18) - (, ) (19) (20) - (FA )

227 221 - (OA) - (HA ) (21) - - ( ) (22) ( ) -, 23) - (24) / ( DB ) / / / 7. / / / (1) - (2) (3) - - -

228 222 (4) / / / (5) / / (6) - / - (7) / / (1) - - / / / / ( ) - / / / / (,, )/ / / - (,, /, )/ / -

229 223 - / / / - / / ( )/ / / / / / (2) / / - / / / / - ( ) - ( ) - (Chiropractic T herapy )/ (Osteopathy )/ (Mental Healing )/ (,, )/ ( ) - / (drug counseling) ( / / / / / ) - - ( / ( )/ ) - ( / ) ( / ) - ( / ) ( / (Occupational T herapy )) (3) Do It Yourself( ) (4) / /

230 224 - ( / / / / / ) - ( / / ) - / ( ) (5) - - ( / / ) (1) (2) / - - (3) (Science- T echnology - Society ) ( / / / ) - ( / / ) (4) - ( / / ) - -

231 225 - (, ) - (, ) - - (Professional Ethics) - (Ethics of Consumption ) - (Ethics of Recreation & Leisure) - (,, ) (5) - ( ) - ( / / / ) - / ( ) - (1 / 2 / 3 ) - - ( / / / ) (6) - / - ( / / ( ) / (, ) - / ( ) - / / / / ( / / ) - ( / ) ( /, / ( )/ ) - (7) - ( / / / ) - { / ( : - ))

232 ,. / / / / / / / / / / / / Do It Yourself / /

233 227,, pp (1997, ), : DB, (1998, ),, pp (1997, ) (1989),., < > 1989,, pp (1991),,, p.15. (1996),,,, pp ,,, p.26. (1990),.., < > , pp (1989), < > , pp (1989), < > , pp , 1995, , 1996, , 1997, , 1995, 6, 7., 1995, 6, 7., 1995, 6, 7., 1995, 6, 7. (MSK), ,,, 1997, , 1995, :,, 1997

234 228,, Icc-9301, 1993, :,, 1995,,, 1991,,, 1996,,, 1995,,,,, ,,, 1992,,, 1997,, 1993,,, 1992,,, ,,, 1980,,, 1997, SF, - (1996), (, 1996), 'SF :,, SF ) ( ), SFX, /, SF-,,, (1996, 5 ) (1992, 1 ) 21 (1997, 12, 133 ) (1996,, SF TV < > (, Sci-Pop Forum ),, (, 1993), (, 1990), 1997, < : >, 142., 1996, < : >., 1996, < >,.

235 229, P., 1989, < >,,., 1997, < >,., 1997,,, < >('97.2), pp , 1996,, < >( 96.6), pp , 1995, TV, < >( 95.8), pp.5-18., 1995, TV, < >( 95.8), pp , 1995, TV, < >( 95.8), pp , 1995,, < >( 95.8), pp , 1995,, < >( 95.8), pp , 1995, -, < >( 95.8), pp , 1994,, < >( 94.3), pp ,, < 21> 167 ( ), pp , < 21> 114 ( ), pp , 1997, < >,., 1996, < >,., 1997, < 1>,., 1997, < 2>,., 1997, < >,., < > 20 ( 96.11), pp , < > 23 ( 97.2), pp , < > 30 ( 97.7), pp < > 3 ( 95.7), pp , < > 4 ( 95.8), pp , < >,. (1996),. 3,,, p.441., (1997), 96., :,97, p.131. (1996), 1995.

236 230 (1997),.,, Brian Wynne(1996), "News & Views," Public Understanding of Science, Vol.VI, p.345. National Science Foundation (1992), Informal Science Education Programe, Project Abstract, (Wasshington DC: National Science Foundation) Ed Papazian, et als., Ed Papazian et als., TV Dimensions 95, Media Dynamics. Inc., 1995., p.489. TV Dimensions 97, Media Dynamics. Inc., 1997., p.484. Robinson. J. P. (1981). Television and leisure time : A New scenario. Journal of communication. 31(1). pp Robinson. J. P., & Converse. P. E. (1972). The impact of television on mass media usage : A cross- national comparison. In A. Szalati(Ed.). The use of time : Daily activities of urban and suburban populations in twelve countries (pp ). Paris Mouton. Wigand. R., Borstelmann. S. E., & Boster. F. J. (1986). Electronic leisure : Video game usage and the communication climate of video arcades, Communication Yearbook 9. pp Susan Tyler Eastman, Thomas F. Baldwin, 1995., p.430. Broadcast/Cable Programming, 1993., p.588. Integration Media Information & Communcation, CONVERGENCE, taurus.konkuk.ac.kr/paper.html cnlab.chungbuk.ac.kr/wwwboard/messages/ 18.html university.unitel.co.kr/university/kkd/chung-kang/htmls/cj02.html nature.ottas.or.kr/ dir3/pixa.html 16/Itech.html step/index248.htm cable92.htm step/index236.htm ; html cf/ cf_history.html column.htm

237 231 sabo00.htm nature.ottas.co.kr/ dir3/videob.html TV Ontario ( ) Border Television online: PBS PBS Online Learner Online BBC Jones Computer Network NHK Discovery Channel

238 1. OECD (1997) T V CD- ROM 372

239 1. OECD (1997) OECD (1) (Soichiro Matsutani, Vice Minister for Science and Technology, Japan) (S&T Basic Law),, 21. /,,. -,,.,. (Akito Arima, Science Adviser to the Minister of Education, Science Sport s and culture, President, the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) -. (building blocks), ,000.

240 236 (JSP S : T he Japan S ociety for the Prom otion of S cience) (T he Science and T echnology Agency ), , ,000. (2) OECD (Jon D.Miller,, ) ,, (promise) (reservation).,,,,,. (Frank Jensen,, ) -.,,. -,. -

241 1. OECD (1997) 237. (Danish Council of Ethics) (Committee System on Scientofic Ethics).,.,. : Informed Consent (Wataru Mori, ) -,.,.,. (3) 21 (Leon M. Lederman, Director Emeritus, F ermi National Accelerator Laboratory, United States) -., T V,,, - 2., 17,000,. -.,

242 238 - ICSU (the International Council of Scientific Unions)., (Edwyn James,,, OECD) - 23 (13 OECD ),, ( ).,,,.,.,,..,. (,, )....,,. (T sutomo Kimura, ) -, 20 29

243 1. OECD (1997) 239.,, (Ministry of Education ),..,..,..,,. (T akashi Yamagiwa, T oyama ) -,.,.,,. - (CCE, Central Council of Education ) (T he Ability to Live).,,,,,,,,,.. -,.