Special Review Korean J Child Stud 2016;37(6): pissn: eissn: X Early Childhood Tea

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1 Special Review Korean J Child Stud 2016;37(6): pissn: eissn: X Early Childhood Teacher s Professional Ethics: The Code of Ethical Conduct Eun-Jin Cho 1, Sae-Young Han 2, Hye Eun Shin 3 Department of Child Studies, Seoul Women s University, Seoul, Korea 1 Department of Child Development, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea 2 Department of Early Childhood Education, Kyungdong University, Yangju, Korea 3 : 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 Objective: This study examined the code of ethics, which offers guidelines for early childhood teachers ethical decisions and practices. Results and Conclusion: In the second section of this paper, the meaning of the code of ethics is reviewed. The issues of the code of ethics are also investigated to resolve moral and ethical dilemmas and to maintain high standards of professional conduct in early childhood care and education. In the third section of this paper, a comparison of the ethical codes in South Korea, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States is conducted. Based on the results raised in relation to the code of ethics principles and the results of comparing domestic and international ethics codes, the fourth section of this paper focuses on three topics in the current and future direction of the Korean code of ethics: (a) concreteness and clarity, (b) switching from the viewpoint of least harm to the viewpoint of maximum benefit, and (c) the range of benefits of the code of ethics. Then, including the existence of the last two codes of ethics, we discuss the direction of future difficulties currently associated with the situation in Korea. Keywords: code of ethics, ethical dilemma, professional ethics, young children Corresponding Author: Hye Eun Shin, Department of Early Childhood Education, Kyungdong University, 27 Kyungdong University-ro, Yangju, Gyeonggido, Korea sheentp@kduniv.ac.kr..,.,,..,.,. The Korean Association of Child Studies This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2 Cho, Han, and Shin ,.. 영유아교사의교직윤리와윤리강령의의미... (Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Child Protection Agency, 2015) 2015 (,, ) 1,189, 10.1%. 427 (35.9%) 203 (17.1%).. (Jung & Choi, 2014). (Um, Kim, Oh, & Yoon, 2001). (J. J. Kim, 1993).,, (Kim & Park, 2009).. ( : ), ( :, ), ( : ), ( : ).,.,..,,,, (HOPE+ Human Service Practitioner Training Initiative, 2016). 영유아교사윤리강령의내용및이슈 ( ) , (

3 187 Early Childhood Teacher's Professional Ethics, 4,,,, ) 2010 (Appendix B), ( ) 2011 (Appendix A).,,... (,, )... ( ).,. 영유아교사의윤리적딜레마해결을위한윤리강령.,.., (Kim & Park, 2009)...,... : 3....,,,.. (Her, 2014, p. 196)., (,

4 Cho, Han, and Shin 188 ).,... (ethical rules screen) (ethical principle screen), (Dolgoff, Loewenberg, & Harrington, 2005).,.,,. 영유아에게해가되지않고유익을제공하는선택을위한윤리강령,., (Lim, 2002)... Katz (1984/1989).. (National Association for the Education of Young Children [NAEYC], 2011) (Convention on the Rights of the Child [CRC]),,, (Korea Edu-care Association [KEA], 2011)..,... (Katz, 1984/1989).,..,

5 189 Early Childhood Teacher's Professional Ethics.. (Korean Counseling Psychological Association [KCPA], 2009) (,, )..,, (NAEYC, 2011)..,,,,,,., NAEYC..,,,,,,...,. NAEYC,,. NAEYC,..,,, Table 1. 2,., 1,,,.,,.,,,,,.,,,..,.

6 Cho, Han, and Shin 190 Table 1 Main Contents of the Code of Ethics of Early Childhood Teachers in South Korea, Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom Country South Korea Japan United States (US) United Kingdom (UK) Source Code of ethical Charter and code of National childcare ethics Code of ethical conduct Code of ethics (The conducts for daycare center director & teacher (KEA, 2011) ethical conducts for kindergarten teachers (Research Center for Kindergarten Teachers Training & Improvement of Appointment System et al., 2010) code of ethics (National Council on Childcare, n.d.) and statement of commitment (NAEYC, 2011) British Association of Early Childhood Education (BAECA, 2011) Main contents Ethics in relation to infants and young children Ethics in relation to families Kindergarten teacher and young children Kindergarten teacher and families Respect for the best interests of children Guaranteeing the development of children Cooperation with protector Ethical responsibilities to children Ideals Principles Ethical responsibilities to families Ideals Principles Code of ethics: in relation to children In relation to families In relation to communities Ethics in relation to colleagues Responsibilities of kindergarten teacher Protection of the plant Teamwork and selfevaluation User's substitution valve Ethical responsibilities to colleagues Responsibilities to co-workers Responsibilities to employers Responsibilities to employees) In relation to employers In relation to colleagues In relation to students Supporting local children Ideals Principles In relation to my profession Ethics in relation to society Kindergarten teacher and society Responsibility as a professional Responsibilities to community and society Ideals Principles In relation to conduct of research..,.,..,,,,,,,. (NAEYC, 2011)..,

7 191 Early Childhood Teacher's Professional Ethics.,,.. (not to do).,,,,,..,,.,,..,...,,,.,,..,,,,,,.,,. NAEYC (2011),,,,,.. (BAECA, 2011).,,,,,,,,,,., NAEYC (NAEYC, 2005),,., NAEYC.

8 Cho, Han, and Shin 192,. NAEYC (NAEYC, 2011),., NAEYC,,....,,.,,,..,,,,,,,. NAEYC.,...,,.,.., (,, ),,.,..,.,,. 일반적모호한 강령대 구체적명료한 강령 J. H. Kim (2015),

9 193 Early Childhood Teacher's Professional Ethics. 6, ;,,,,,,,. (J. H. Kim, 2015, pp. 3-4),. (H. S. Cho, Park, & Ryu, 2008), (Bae, 2011). 3 NAEYC. NAEYC. NAEYC.. NAEYC,,,., (J. H. Kim, 2015), 20 NAEYC (J. H. Kim, 2015). Feeney Sysko (1986, as cited in J. H. Kim, 2015),,, ( ),,., (Her, 2014; Son, 2013). (J. H. Kim, 2015),....,..,... 해를주지않는 관점대 이익을주는 관점 (Child Welfare Act [CWA]) 5 ( ) 26 ( ),. 5

10 Cho, Han, and Shin 194,., (CWA, Act No , 2015)... 3,4,5, (KEA, 2011). NAEYC,.,., (CRC; United Nation, 1989),,,,...,. 유아만을위한 윤리강령대 교사자신과가족, 사회전체를위한 윤리강령,,.,...,. Jung Choi (2014),.,,. Her (2014)..,,.,,,,..,,,,.

11 195 Early Childhood Teacher's Professional Ethics,., (KEA, 2011) (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, 2010). 2010,....,.,,,,.,. Csikszentmihaly (1987),,.,,,.,.,,. Newport (1990, p. 22) (Less is more).,. (Lee, 2015).,.,.,.. Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. In English References Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1987). Society, culture, and person: A systems view of creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives (pp ). New York: Cambridge University Press. doi: / _4 Dolgoff, R., Loewenberg, F. M., & Harrington, D. (2005). Ethical decisions for social work practice (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. Feeney, S., & Sysko, L. (1986). Professional ethics in early childhood education: Survey result. Young Children, 42(1), Retrieved from National Association for the Education of Young Children. (2011). Code of ethical conduct and statement of commitment (reaffirmed and updated). Retrieved from naeyc.org/positionstatements/ Newport, E. L. (1990). Maturational constraints on language learning. Cognitive Science, 14(1), doi: / s cog1401_2 The British Association of Early Childhood Education. (2011). Code of ethics. Retrieved from org.uk

12 Cho, Han, and Shin 196 United Nations. (1989). United nations convention on the rights of the child. Retrieved from In Korean Bae, M. J. (2011). A study of early childhood teachers' ethics consciousness (Master's thesis). Retrieved from riss.kr/link?id=t Child Welfare Act, Act No (2015). Retrieved from Cho, H. S., Park, E. J., & Ryu, H. S. (2008). A study on the professional ethics of preservice early childhood teachers. Journal of Future Early Childhood Education, 15(1), Retrieved from Her, M. K. (2014). Development and application of ethical dilemma resolution program for early childhood teachers (Doctorial dissertation). Retrieved from link?id=t HOPE+ Human Service Practitioner Training Initiative. (2016). Human service ethical practice manual. Retrieved from Jung, M., & Choi, H.-S. (2014). A study on the child-care teacher s ethics and happiness. Korea Journal of Child Care and Education, 88, Retrived from kr/link?id=a Katz, L. G. (1989). Talks with teachers and more talks with teachers (C. S. Lee, Ed. & Trans.). Seoul: Yangseowon. (Original work published 1984) Kim, E. S., & Park, S. Y. (2009). A study on developing a code of ethical conducts for daycare center directors & teachers. Retrieved from Korea Institute of Child Care and Education website: Kim, J. H. (2015). The development and application of a scale for measuring ethical sense of teachers in the early childhood education profession (Doctorial dissertation). Retrieved from Kim, J. J. (1993). Ethical contemplation of social work practice. In O. K. Yang (Ed.), Social work practice and ethics (pp ). Seoul: Hanul Academy. Korea Edu-care Association. (2011). Code of ethical conducts for daycare center directors & teachers. Retrieved from Korean Counseling Psychological Association. (2009). Code of ethical conducts for counsellor. Retrieved from krcpa.or.kr Lee, K. S. (2015). Prospects for past, present, and future of educational curriculum for young children. Proceeding of the Korean Society for Early Childhood Education, Retrieved from Lim, S. R. (2002). A study on the teaching ethics of early childhood teachers. The Journal of Korean Teacher Education, 19(1), Retrived from kr/link?id=a Research Center for Kindergarten Teachers' Training & Improvement of Appointment System, Korean Association of Early Childhood Teacher Educators, Korean Association of Early Childhood Teacher Educators in College, The Korean Association of Public Kindergarten Teachers, Korea Kindergarten Association, National Association Private Kindergarten. (2010). Charter and code of ethical conducts for kindergarten teacher. Retrieved from go.kr Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Child Protection Agency. (2015). Annual state of nationwide child abuse report. Retrieved from Son, H. Y. (2013). Teachers' ethical dilemmas in full-day class at the kindergarten elementary school (Master's thesis). Retrieved from Um, M. Y., Kim, S. C., Oh, H. G., & Yoon, H. M. (2001). Understanding of social work practice. Seoul: Hakjisa. In Japanese National Council on Childcare. (n.d.). National childcare ethics code of ethics [Web log message]. Retrieved from Eun-Jin Cho Sae-Young Han Hye Eun Shin ORCID Received November 4, 2016 Revision received December 21, 2016 Accepted December 28, 2016

13 197 Early Childhood Teacher's Professional Ethics Appendix A. Code of Ethical Conducts for Daycare Center Directors and Teachers (Korea Edu-care Association, 2011) 어린이집원장및보육교사윤리강령 ( 한국어린이집총연합회, 2011),,,...,,,,,,.,,,,.. 1.,. 2.,,,,, ,,. 5., ( ). 6., ,. 10.,, ,,,,,,. 4..,.

14 Cho, Han, and Shin , [ ] 1., ,,,,. 4., (, ),. 7.. [ ] 1., , ( ).. 1.,. 2.,. 3.,. 4.,. 5.,. 보육인윤리선언 ( ),. 1.,. 1.,. 1.,. 1.,. 1.,. 1..

15 199 Early Childhood Teacher's Professional Ethics Appendix B. Code of Ethical Conducts for Kindergarten Teachers (Research Center for Kindergarten Teachers' Training & Improvement of Appointment System et al., 2010) 유치원교사강령 (, 4,,,,, 2010) 유치원교사헌장, 유치원교사강령 01 유치원교사와유아 유치원교사와가정

16 Cho, Han, and Shin 유치원교사와사회 , 유치원교사와책무 ,.

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