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1 J Korean Surg Soc 2010;79:64-70 DOI: /jkss 원 저 단독성상장간막동맥박리의초기치료지침에대한연구 을지대학교의과대학외과학교실, 1 영상의학교실, 2 서울대학교의과대학외과학교실 이민구ㆍ조병선ㆍ한현영 1 ㆍ정인목 2 ㆍ박성혜ㆍ김창남ㆍ최영진ㆍ강윤중ㆍ박주승 Isolated Dissection of Superior Mesenteric Artery: Study on the Treatment Guidelines Min Koo Lee, M.D., Byung Sun Cho, M.D., Hyun Young Han, M.D. 1, In Mok Jung, M.D. 2, Sung Hye Park, R.N., Chang Nam Kim, M.D., Young Jin Choi, M.D., Yoon Jung Kang, M.D., Joo Seung Park, M.D. Departments of Surgery and 1 Radiology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, 2 Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Purpose: Isolated superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection is a rare, but increasing vascular disorder. However, optimal treatment guidelines are not well established. The purpose of this study is to review a single institutional experience in the management of isolated SMA dissections and establish optimal treatment guidelines. Methods: Between November 2004 and August 2009, 26 patients were diagnosed with isolated SMA dissection at Eulji University Hospital. Diagnosis was confirmed with CT scans in all patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, imaging studies, and the early outcomes of the patients. Results: There were 22 (84.5%) men and 4 women. The mean age was 55.4 (39 74) years. The mean follow-up was 39.1 ( ) months. In 15 patients, CT scans were performed for abdominal pain, and in the other 11 patients, the isolated SMA dissections were detected incidentally during workup for other causes. The radiographic findings included an intimal flap with a patent false lumen in 16 and intramural hematoma in 10. The dissection started at a mean of 22.3 (5 46) mm from the origin of the SMA with a mean length was 47.7 (10 150) mm. Treatments included expectant management in 13, anticoagulation in 6, stenting in 6 patients, and surgery in one case of bowel infarction. None required additional intervention. All patients remained asymptomatic during follow-up. Conclusion: Most patients with isolated SMA dissection were successfully managed medically. Surgical or percutaneous intervention should be reserved for those with evidence of bowel necrosis or mesenteric ischemia and failed cases to initial medical treatment. (J Korean Surg Soc 2010;79:64-70) Key Words: Superior mesenteric artery dissection, Treatment guideline, Strategy, Algorithm 중심단어 : 상장간막동맥박리, 치료지침, 치료전략, 알고리즘 서 단독성상장간막동맥박리는온라인의학저널데이터베 책임저자 : 조병선, 대전시서구둔산동 , 을지대학병원외과 Tel: , Fax: sunjoe@eulji.ac.kr 접수일 :2010 년 2 월 17 일, 게재승인일 :2010 년 3 월 26 일 론 이스인퍼브메드 (PubMed) 에서 isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection 을중심단어 (keyword) 로검색하면현재까지영어의학저널에서 106예밖에검색이안될정도로드문질환이다.(1) 발병원인, 병태생리나치료등에대한것들이확실하게정립되어있지않다. 지금까지제시된치료지침들은문헌에보고된여러논문을검색하여검토하고분석한결과수술적응증유무, 증상, 내막편 (intimal flap) 혹은혈관협착유무, 협착의길이등에따라치료지침을제시한 64

2 Min Koo Lee, et al:isolated Dissection of Superior Mesenteric Artery: Study on the Treatment Guidelines 65 것이었으며이외에전산화단층촬영에나타난상장간막동맥박리의모양에따른치료지침을제시하기도하였다.(2-4) 지금까지보고된치료방법은특별한치료가없는기대요법 (expectant management), 항응고제투여, 혈관내치료및수술등이있으나의미있고체계적인치료지침이확립되지않아동맥의해부학적적정성, 환자의동반질환이나증상의정도, 의사의선호도등에따라제각기시행되고있는실정이다. 저자들은본원에서경험한예를분석하여이에대한적절한치료지침을제시하고자본연구를시행하였다. 방법 2004년 11월부터 2009년 8월까지을지대학교병원에서단독성상장간막동맥박리로진단된환자 26명을본연구의연구대상으로하였으며이들의의무기록등을후향적으로분석하였다. 처음진단시상장간막동맥외에다른동맥박리가있는경우는본연구에서제외하였다. 환자의의무기록, 전화연락및직접면담을통해결과를판단하였다. 환자의인적사항, 동반질환의유무, 전산화단층촬영의소견, 치료방법및결과, 치료결과및추적검사소견을분석하였다. 치료원칙은증상이없이다른질환의진단시우연히발견된경우다른질환의치료만하고상장간막동맥박리는관찰과추적검사를시행하였으며, 복부통증의증상이있어진단된경우검사상복막염의소견이뚜렷하지않고전산화단층촬영결과장관괴사가없는경우는기대요법, 항응고제투여그리고혈관내치료를증상의심 한정도, 혈액검사결과, 의사의숙련도등상황에따라일차적치료로선택하여시행하였다. 항응고제투여방법은진단시저분자량헤파린을투여하였고와파린으로바꾸어국제정상화비율 (INR) 이 2에서 3이유지되도록용량을조절하였다. 검사상복막염의소견이뚜렷한경우수술을시행하였다. 추적검사는가능한전산화단층촬영을치료후 1주일, 3개월, 6개월째시행하는것을원칙으로하였으며마지막검사상상장간막동맥박리의악화소견이없으면추적을종료하였다. 항응고제는 3개월전후로투여하였으며스텐트를삽입한경우항혈소판제 (clopidogrel) 를 6개월투여하고종료하였다. 복부통증과혈관내협착과의연관성은 SPSS version 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 을이용하여 χ 2 검정을시행하여통계분석을하였으며유의수준은 0.05 이하로하였다. Table 1. Patients characteristics Male:Female 22:4 Mean age (years) 55.4±10.6 (39 74) Mean follow-up period (months) 39.1±12.4 ( ) Chief complaints (numbers) Diagnosed incidentally 11 Symptomatic 15 Associated cardiovascular disease Hypertension 9 DM* 1 Angina 1 *DM = diabetes mellitus. Fig. 1. Classification of CT findings shows double lumen without stenosis (A), intramural thrombosis without stenosis (B), intramural thrombosis with stenosis (C), double lumen with closed false lumen and stenosis (D).

3 66 J Korean Surg Soc. Vol. 79, No. 1 결과 연구대상 26명의환자중남자는 22예, 여자는 4예이었으며평균나이는 55.4±10.6세 (39 74) 였다. 평균추적기간은 39.1±12.4개월 ( ) 이었다. 증상없이다른질환검사중우연히진단된경우가 11예였으며 15예에서는복부통증이주증상이었다. 진단적검사로전산화단층촬영이모든예에서시행되었다. 심혈관계동반질환으로고혈압, 당뇨, 협심증이각각 9예 (35%), 1예 (4%), 1예 (4%) 이었다 (Table 1). 전산화단층촬영에서관찰한상장간막동맥박리는상장간막동맥기시부에서평균 22.3±11.2 mm (5 46) 떨어진부위에서시작하였고평균박리길이는 47.7±30.8 mm (10 150) 이었다. 전산화단층촬영결과를분류하면모양에따라내막편이있는이중내강 (double lumen) 과벽내혈종 (intramural hematoma) 으로구분할수있었고이는다시협착유무에따 라분류하였다 (Fig. 1). 무증상으로우연히발견된경우내막편을동반하였으나열린가강 (patent false lumen) 이있는이중내강의소견이 10예, 벽내혈종이 1예이었다. 모든예에서혈관내협착은없었다. 증상이있는군의전산화단층촬영결과는내막편을동반하였으나열린가강의소견이 1예, Table 2. CT findings (n=26) Incidenatal group (n=11) Symptomatic group (n=15) Double lumen with intimal flap 10 6 Patent false lumen 10 1 Closed false lumen 0 5 Intramural thrombosis 1 9 Stenosis* 0 13 No stenosis 11 2 *50%> reduction of diameter. Fig. 2. Incidental finding. (A) SMA has intramural thrombosis without stenosis. (B) Double lumen with intimal flap begins from proximal SMA. Fig. 3. CT findings of symptomatic patient. (A) CT scan shows intramural thrombosis and stenosis. (B) SMA has double lumen with patent false lumen without stenosis. (C) Double lumen with closed false lumen and stenosis is present on the CT scan.

4 Min Koo Lee, et al:isolated Dissection of Superior Mesenteric Artery: Study on the Treatment Guidelines 67 내막편을동반하였으나막힌가강소견이 5예, 벽내혈종이 9예였다. 13예에서혈관내협착이있었으며이중내강 1예, 벽내혈종 1예에서협착이없었다 (Table 2, Fig. 2, 3). 모든환자를대상으로혈관내협착소견과복부통증과의연관성을살펴보면협착이있는경우 13예모두에서복부통증이있었으며협착이없는경우에서는 13예중 2예 (15.4%) 에서만증상이있어협착과복부통증은통계적으로유의한연관이있었다 (P=0.002). 동맥류성변화는가강이있는 16 예중 13예에서관찰되었고벽내혈종 10예중 2예에서관찰되었다. 치료는우연히발견된경우원래질환의치료외에상장간막동맥박리의치료는하지않았으나, 1예에서다른치료외에부가적인치료로서혈관내스텐트삽입술을시행하였다. 증상이있어발견된경우일차적인치료로기대요법을 4예, 보존적치료인항응고제투여가 5예, 혈관내스텐트삽입술이 5예, 그리고 1예에서장관괴사가임상적, 전산화단층촬영상의심되어소장절제술이시행되었다 (Table 3). 모든치료예에서부가적인치료는필요하지않았다. 모든예에서치료후외래추적검사상임상적증상의재발은없었다. Table 3. Treatments (n=26) Symptomatic group (n=15) Incidental group (n=11) Expectant management 4 10 Anticoagulation 5 0 Endovascular therapy 5 1* Surgery 1 0 *Adjunctive procedure. 고 복부질환의진단에전산화단층촬영의이용이증가하면서단독상장간막동맥박리가많이진단되고있다.(5) 그러나질환이매우드물어병태생리나자연경과그리고치료에대한지침이아직다른혈관질환에비해서확실히확립되지않았으며일부보고자들이문헌보고를분석하여치료에대한지침혹은알고리즘이간헐적으로최근에제시하고있다.(2,3) 본연구는후향적연구이지만지금까지문헌에보고된단일기관에서경험한논문중 26예로가장많은예의상장 찰 간막동맥박리에대한보고이다. 평균나이는 55.4세 (39 74) 로일반적인혈관폐색이있는나이에비해상대적으로적었다. 남녀비는 22:4로남자가다수를차지했다. 동반질환으로는고혈압이 9예로가장많았다. 본연구의평균추적기간은 39.1개월 ( ) 이지만최근몇년을제외하고는전산화단층촬영추적이동반되지않는경우가있어서결과를의무기록과면담등에의해얻었으며그리하여본연구는단독성상장간막동맥박리의초기치료의결과분석에치중하였으며이는본연구의큰제한점이다. 단독성상장간막동맥박리를전산화단층촬영결과에나타난모양에따라분류를시도한논문들이보고되었으며 Suzuki 등 (6) 은전산화단층촬영소견을내막편, 가강의혈전증혹은벽내혈종, 상장간막동맥의확장, 상장간막동맥주위지방층의농도증가네가지로분류하였으며특히상장간막동맥주위지방층의농도증가가조기진단에서중요한역할을할수있을것으로보고하였다. 본연구에서는모든예에서상장간막동맥지방층의농도증가의소견은없었다. Sakamoto 등 (4) 은전산화단층촬영결과에따라네가지유형으로분류하였으며유형에따른치료지침을보고하였다. 유형 1은열린가강이중내강이며보존적치료대상이며, 유형 2는닫힌가강이중내강이며장괴사의위험성이있으니면밀한추적이필요하고, 유형 3은가강내강혈전에궤양같은병변이있으며동맥류파열로이어질수있으니장기추적관찰이필요하며유형 4는벽내혈종이며조기에완전관해가되는것으로보고하였으며이를치료지침에적용하는것이필요할것으로보고하였다. 본연구에서도유형 1은모두 11예중 1예만이증상이있었으며모두기대요법으로치료가가능하였다. 장기추적관찰이필요한유형 2, 3에해당하는환자가 5명이었지만전산화단층촬영장기추적이가능했던 2명의환자에서증상의재발이나현재까지동맥류크기에별변화가없었다. 그러나본연구에서는 6개월후전산화단층촬영상변화가없으면추적검사를종결하였지만 Sakamoto 등 (4) 은추적 40개월에상장간막동맥박리환자에서상장간막동맥곁가지의파열로수술을시행했고, 추적 50개월에동맥류크기가점차증가하여스텐트삽입을보고하였다. 본연구에서도동맥류에대한장기추적검사가필요하리라생각된다. 본연구에서도저자들은모든예들을전산화단층촬영상나타난모양에따라열린가강이중내강, 닫힌가강이중내강, 벽내혈종으로분류하였고다시이를협착유무에따라분류하였다 (Table 2, Fig. 1). 유의할만한사실은우연히발견된경우

5 68 J Korean Surg Soc. Vol. 79, No. 1 모양에관계없이협착이없었으나증상이있는경우 2예를제외하고 13예에서협착이있었으며협착과증상은서로통계적으로유의한연관성을보였다. 협착이없는 2예의경우복부통증은박리성통증에의해발생한것으로추측된다. 현재까지보고된단독성상장간막동맥박리의치료방법은 4가지로분류할수있다. 첫째별다른치료없이관찰하는기대요법이있다. Yasuhara 등 (7) 은급성단독상장간막동맥박리에서장관괴사의증거나복막자극증상등이없으면금식및진통제투여등의기대요법을시행하여성공적으로치료한경험을보고하였으며, 항응고제의투여없이보존적치료만으로호전된결과들이보고되었다.(8,9) Morris 등 (2) 과 Gobble 등 (1) 도증상이없이우연히발견된경우기대요법을성공적으로시행하였음을보고하였고문헌고찰을통하여증상이없이발견된경우기대요법으로성공적으로치료가되었음을보고하였다. 본연구에서도모두 11예에서다른질환검사과정에서상장간막동맥박리가우연히진단되었는데모든예에서기대요법으로합병증발생없이치료가되었다. 또한증상이있는 4예에서도기대요법으로치료가가능하였다. Ambo 등 (10) 에의해처음으로보존적요법과함께항응고제의투여로성공적으로치료된예가보고되었다. 목동맥박리의치료시항응고제의투여로좁아지고손상된목동맥에서혈전이나색전이발생하는것을방지하기위해항응고제가투여되는데단독성상장간막박리에서도같은이유로항응고제의투여가치료의한방법으로계속보고되고있다.(1,2,4,9,11) 본연구에서도모두 5예에서항응고 제를포함한보존적요법으로성공적으로치료되었으며이후증상의재발이없었다. 단독성상장간막동맥박리에서수술적치료는가장먼저시도된치료방법으로 1970년대에서 2000년대초반까지주로시술되었으며 2000년대초반부터는점차혈관내치료시술에대한보고가증가하고있다.(2,5) 수술적치료로는 1975년 Sisteron 등 (12) 이처음으로상장간막동맥박리치료로서정맥이식편 (venous graft) 을이용한수술적치료를시행하였다. 이후내막절제술및패치혈관성형술, 혈관우회술, 동맥류내봉합술 (endoaneurysmorrhaphy) 등의다양한수술적치료들이보고되었다 (2). 최근에도소장이식술을포함하는수술에대한성공적인결과가보고되고있다.(2,13) 그러나최소침습술인혈관내치료가혈관외과에서새로운치료로대세를얻어감에따라명확한장관괴사나상장간막동맥류의파열과같은수술의절대적인적응증이없으면시행되지않는추세이다. 본연구에서는 1예에서만이미장관괴사가임상적, 영상의학적으로증명이되어다른치료에대한고려없이소장절제술을시행하였다. 최근에많이시행되는혈관내치료는 2000년 Leung 등 (14) 에의해처음성공적인시행이보고되었고점차단독성상장간막동맥박리의치료의안전한방법으로보고되고있으며그영역을넓혀가고있다.(1,15-17) 본연구에서도우연히발견된 1예를포함한모두 6예에서스텐트삽입술을시행한결과모두성공적으로이루어져혈관내치료가단독성상장간막동맥박리의안전한치료방법이라는것을알수있었다. Gobble 등 (1) 은항응고제치료를받은 3명의 Fig. 4. Proposed guidelines for the treatment of superior mesenteric artery dissection.

6 Min Koo Lee, et al:isolated Dissection of Superior Mesenteric Artery: Study on the Treatment Guidelines 69 환자중한환자에서증상이지속되어이차적치료목적으로혈관내스텐트삽입술을시행하여성공적으로치료하였다. 본연구에서는혈관내치료가일차적인치료로서시행이되었지만먼저항응고제를포함하는보존적인치료를시행하고실패시이차적인치료로서혈관내치료를할수있을것으로생각되며이에대한전향적인연구가필요하리라생각된다. 상장간막동맥박리의치료에대한지침은마련되지않았지만최근에몇몇보고에서문헌에대한광범위한분석을토대로치료지침및알고리즘이제시되었다. Morris 등 (2) 은치료지침으로전산화단층촬영혹은임상적으로박리의파열혹은소장의괴사유무에따라수술적치료를고려하였으며일단수술적치료의대상이아니면내막편이나짧은협착여부에따라서보존적요법혹은혈관내치료를선택하게치료지침을제시하였다. 본연구에서는수술적치료적응증이되지않는환자들의경우전산화단층촬영결과내막편의존재는혈관내치료의선택과관계가없었으며오히려내막편이있는경우모든환자에서경과관찰혹은보존적치료로성공적인치료가가능하였으며혈관내협착이있는경우도항응고제투여등으로모두성공적으로치료가가능하였다. 본연구의결과먼저항응고제치료후에증상이지속되면이차적으로혈관내치료를고려하는것도합리적일것으로생각된다. Subhas 등 (3) 도문헌고찰을통하여치료알고리즘을제시하였다. 이들은장관괴사의소견이의심스러운경우이들은먼저진단적복강경수술을시행하는것이안전하며복강경소견에따라다음치료방침을결정하는것이좋다고주장하였다. 장관괴사의소견이없으면상장간막동맥원위부혈행장애가있으면수술혹은혈관내치료를고려해야하며상장간막동맥원위부혈행장애가없으면박리의길이, 증상의유무, 동맥류변화등의여부에따라수술혹은혈관내치료를결정해야하는것으로지침을제시하였다. 그러나본연구에서는상장간막동맥의혈행장애가없으면박리의길이나증상의유무그리고동맥류변화등은수술혹은혈관내치료와관계가없었다. 지금까지보고된치료지침은광범위한문헌검색과분석에서얻어진결과다. 이들자료는단일기관에서일정기간수집된자료가아니기때문에이에따른오차가발생할가능성이많다. 그러나본연구는단일기관에서비교적짧은기간에경험한예들로서이연구에서얻은결과는물론전향적연구에비해단점이많지만지금까지보고된치료 지침보다신뢰도가높을것으로생각된다. 본연구에서얻은결과와문헌보고분석을통해저자들은단독성상장간막동맥박리에서치료지침을제시해보았다 (Fig. 4). 다른질환의진단을위해시행한검사에서우연히발견된경우는일단기대요법으로충분히치료가가능하다. 증상이있어단독성상장간막동맥박리로진단된경우장관괴사가현저하거나상장간막동맥파열이의심되는경우수술을시행해야하며그렇지않은경우전산화단층촬영상상장간막동맥에협착이없는경우기대요법으로충분하고협착이있는경우는항응고제를포함한보존적치료가가능할것으로생각된다. 혈관내치료나수술은보존적요법이실패할경우시행하는것을권장한다. 결 단독성상장간막동맥박리가증상이없이다른질환검사상우연히진단된경우기대용법을시행할수있으며, 증상이있어진단된경우장관괴사나합병증이없으면일차적인치료로기대요법, 항응고제투여로성공적으로치료가가능하겠고혈관내치료는일차, 이차적인치료로서성공적인역할을수행할수있을것으로생각된다. 장관괴사나혈관파열등이의심되면수술이필요하겠다. 향후명확한치료지침을확립하기위해장기적이고전향적연구가필요하리라생각된다. 론 REFERENCES 1) Gobble RM, Brill ER, Rockman CB, Hecht EM, Lamparello PJ, Jacobowitz GR, et al. Endovascular treatment of spontaneous dissections of the superior mesenteric artery. J Vasc Surg 2009;50: ) Morris JT, Guerriero J, Sage JG, Mansour MA. Three isolated superior mesenteric artery dissections: update of previous case reports, diagnostics, and treatment options. J Vasc Surg 2008; 47: ) Subhas G, Gupta A, Nawalany M, Oppat WF. Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection: a case report and literature review with management algorithm. Ann Vasc Surg 2009;23: ) Sakamoto I, Ogawa Y, Sueyoshi E, Fukui K, Murakami T, Uetani M. Imaging appearances and management of isolated spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery. Eur J Radiol 2007;64: ) Okada M, Ishiguchi T, Itoh H. Management of spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery. Intern Med 2004;

7 70 J Korean Surg Soc. Vol. 79, No. 1 43: ) Suzuki S, Furui S, Kohtake H, Sakamoto T, Yamasaki M, Furukawa A, et al. Isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery: CT findings in six cases. Abdom Imaging 2004; 29: ) Yasuhara H, Shigematsu H, Muto T. Self-limited spontaneous dissection of the main trunk of the superior mesenteric artery. J Vasc Surg 1998;27: ) Nakamura K, Nozue M, Sakakibara Y, Kuramoto K, Satoh M, Kobayashi S, et al. Natural history of a spontaneous dissecting aneurysm of the proximal superior mesenteric artery: report of a case. Surg Today 1997;27: ) Kim HK, Kwon TW, Cho YP, Kim GE. Treatment of an isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection. J Korean Soc Vasc Surg 2007;23: ) Ambo T, Noguchi Y, Iwasaki H, Kondo J, Matsumoto A, Suzuki H, et al. An isolated dissecting aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery: report of a case. Surg Today 1994;24: ) Nagai T, Torishima R, Uchida A, Nakashima H, Takahashi K, Okawara H, et al. Spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery in four cases treated with anticoagulation therapy. Intern Med 2004;43: ) Sisteron A, Vieville C. Observations personnelles. In: Jausseran JM, Reggi M, Courbier R, editors. Chirurgie des Arteriopathies Digestives. Paris: Expansion Scientifique Francaise; p ) Picquet J, Abilez O, Penard J, Jousset Y, Rousselet MC, Enon B. Superficial femoral artery transposition repair for isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection. J Vasc Surg 2005;42: ) Leung DA, Schneider E, Kubik-Huch R, Marincek B, Pfammatter T. Acute mesenteric ischemia caused by spontaneous isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery: treatment by percutaneous stent placement. Eur Radiol 2000;10: ) Froment P, Alerci M, Vandoni RE, Bogen M, Gertsch P, Galeazzi G. Stenting of a spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery: a new therapeutic approach? Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2004;27: ) Kim JH, Roh BS, Lee YH, Choi SS, So BJ. Isolated spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery: percutaneous stent placement in two patients. Korean J Radiol 2004; 5: ) Casella IB, Bosch MA, Sousa WO Jr. Isolated spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery treated by percutaneous stent placement: case report. J Vasc Surg 2008;47:

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