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1 2015 IEA Workshop In Paris 22 April, 2015 Current Situation of CCS R&D Technologies in Korea Prof. Moon-Hyun, Koh Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea 1

2 Contents 1. CCS in South Korea 2. Environmental management of carbon storage 3. Missions of K-COSEM Research Center 4. Policy and CCS demo plan 5. Conclusion 2

3 1. CCS in South Korea CO 2 emission reduction goal National goal of the reduction of CO2 emission: - 30% (= 243 Mt CO 2 ) of the expected emission (813 Mt CO 2 ) at % of the reduction amount will be accomplished by CCS (2 Mt CO 2 ) and renewable energy technologies (Jan 2014; MOE). - The carbon market was started from Status of CO 2 emission National CO2 reduction goal at 2020 Total Emission rate (Mt CO 2 ) Emission rate per capita (Mt CO 2 ) 3

4 Status of CCS - Mar. 2009: Roadmap of 27 core technologies for green growth - Jul. 2010: <Action Plan of National CCS> (Green Growth KOR) - Nov. 2010: Foundation of Korea CCS Association (KCCSA) (MKE(MOTIE)) - Sept. 2011: Foundation of Korea CCS R&D Center (KCRC) (MEST(MOE)) Start up of 9-year ( 11-19) CCS R&Ds by KCRC (Budget 173 Bill. Won) MOSF Green Growt h KOR Interdepartmental panel MOF MOE MOE MOTIE 4

5 Progress of geologic storage (1) 1) Roadmap Survey/selection of sites Small-scale demo projects Large-scale demo projects Commercialization 5

6 Progress of geologic storage (2) 2) Exploration of offshore basins 6

7 Ulleung Basin (April 4, 2012; MLTM) KORDI (2012) Potential 5.1 Billion Tons CO2 Min. 1.9 Billion Tons CO2 7

8 Progress of geologic storage (3) Pohang basin (onshore) Pohang basin (offshore side) Potential sites From Pro. Kwon YK 8

9 Progress of geologic storage (4) 3) Exploration of onshore basins Korea Yeongil Bay CCS Project ( ) Demonstration Project in Pohang Basin for CO 2 Marine Geological Storage Pohang basin Posco - Exploration & drilling: Test injection: Injection: km Saline aquifer 9

10 Progress of geologic storage (5) 3) Exploration of onshore basins Janggi basin (onshore) - Exploration & site selection: Injection:

11 2. Environmental Management of Carbon Storage Leakage pathways and environmental management The security assurance is prerequisite to carbon storage. Thus, site selection is very important. In addition, monitoring and assessment of potential leakage is critical. 11

12 Potential risks of CO 2 leakage 12

13 Impact of potable groundwater by CO 2 leakage 13

14 Concepts of environmental monitoring (1) Environmental Management CO2CRC(2010) 1) Diverse environmental media including groundwater, soil, biota (including microbes) and atmosphere should be monitored. 2) Leakage of CO2 occurs very slowly. Thus, the pre-injection (i.e., baseline) and post-injection monitoring (for several decades after injection) should be done with a careful design. 14

15 Concepts of environmental monitoring (2) Measuring, monitoring & verification (MMV) is an important part of each CCS project: - verify CO 2 storage (e.g. carbon credits) - assess potential leakage pathways (safety) Various monitoring approaches include: - Geophysics: seismic, resistivity etc. - Geochemistry: fluid and gas sampling + chemical and isotopic analyses 15

16 Concepts of environmental monitoring (3) Monitoring techniques 16

17 3. Missions of K-COSEM Research Center Introduction to K-COSEM Research Center Title of Res Center : Korea CO 2 Storage Environmental Management (K-COSEM) Research Center Research Funding : - Government (Ministry of Environment) support - Approx. 20 Million $ for 1 st stage ( ) - Additional 20 Million $ for 2 nd stage ( ) Director: Prof. Seong-Taek Yun (Korea University) Participants: - Annually, ~ 100 researchers - 10 domestic universities, including Korea Univ., Seoul National Univ.(Prof. Kang-Keun Lee), Kyonghee Univ.(Prof. Ka-Young Yoo), Kyoungbuk National Univ.(Prof. Eun-Kyu Park), Soongsil Univ.(Prof. Moon-Hyun Koh) etc. - 2 foreign universities: Univ. of Calgary, Univ. Wisconsin at Milwakee - Industry: Geogreen Co., Eco PNG 6th International Environmental Forum for CCS(Jul. 21th 2015) 17

18 Goals and vision 18

19 Center organization 19

20 Research strategy and missions (1) 20

21 Research strategy and missions (2) Research missions 1) to assess the impacts of the CO 2 leakage on shallow groundwater quality and on soil ecosystems including plants, microbes and soil solution, 2) to develop efficient and precise monitoring tools to detect and quantify the movement of leaked CO 2 through soil, groundwater and atmosphere, 3) to set up the integrated numerical modeling technique to evaluate the leakage of CO 2, 4) to propose the regulatory frameworks to manage the geologic carbon storage. In addition to long-term monitoring of potential CO 2 leakage in storage sites, field experiments with the artificial leakage of CO 2 from depths under diverse geologic conditions will be conducted. 21

22 Major fields and tasks of research 22

23 Research Outline of Team 1 < 총괄과제연구목표 > EIT 부지 (1~2 차년 ) <1 차년 > 현장실증부지 (3~4 차년 ) 불포화대 EIT 구축 지하수위 CO 2 주입정 지중저장실증시설환경관리모니터링 <2 차년 > 지하수질변화 충적층 지하수위 단층을통한 CO 2 누출 포화대 EIT 구축, 운영및모니터링 암반층 Sand Gravel Strainer 10m 누출모사 EIT 를이용한 CO 2 지중저장환경영향통합모니터링기술개발 23 초임계상태주입 개발기술의타부처실증부지적용을통한 CO 2 지중저장통합환경관리기술정립

24 Research Outline of Team 1 구분연구목표주요연구내용 1차년도 2차년도 3~4 차년도 CO 2 누출환경영향평가를위한부지특성화기술개발 CO 2 누출모사 EIT의설계및구축기술개발 CO 2 누출모사 EIT의운영및지구물리환경모니터링기술개발 지중저장 CO 2 누출환경영향평가를위한부지특성화기술 : 지질및토양조사, 지구물리탐사, 정밀시추조사등 불포화대 CO 2 누출모사 EIT 예비구축 EIT 부지단열암반층부지특성화 포화대 CO 2 누출모사 EIT 설계및구축기술 누출영향다중심도모니터링시스템설계및구축기술 CO 2 누출모사 EIT 운영기법개발 주입 CO 2 거동의지구물리환경모니터링기술개발 CO 2 지중저장실증시설주변부지특성화및모니터링체계구축 CO 2 지중저장부지의지구물리환경모니터링수행 24

25 Our Pilot Test Site (Hometown of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, Choongbuk) 수리지질특성조사 지하수위분포 : 평균심도 GL -14m, 지하수흐름방향북서 동남, 수두구배약 현장수리시험 : 불포화대및포화대 ( 대수층 ) 의수리지질특성파악 - 천부토양층 : 지표투수시험실시, 수리전도도약 3x10-5 cm/sec - 토양 / 풍화대대수층 : 관측정양수시험및순간수위변화시험, 수리전도도약 2x10-4 cm/sec - 단열암반대수층 : 구간별수압시험 ( 시추조사시실시 ), 수리전도도 1.7x10-5 cm/sec 양수시험 BH-1 수압시험 BH-5 수압시험 NO.4 NO. NO.3 NO.1 NO.2 < 지하수위분포및흐름방향 > 0 50m 순간수위변화시험단공양수시험 < 지표투수시험 > < 토양 / 풍화대현장수리시험 > 25 공번 Pattern of Lugeon Value of Lugeon < 단열암반수압시험 > 투수계수 cm/sec BH-1 Dilation 0.051~ E-05 BH-5 Dilation 우세 0.16~ E-05

26 4 Policy and CCS demo plan 26 26

27 Laws for GHG reduction in Korea Framework Act on Low Carbon Emission, Green Growth ( ) Enforcement Ordinance of Framework Act on Low Carbon Emission, Green Growth provides CCS- related contents in Art. 34 Kinds of captured GHG and its amount Korean ETS was in effect on Jan. 12, 2015 Power sector Nuclear Act (1958) Renewable Act ( ) Smart Grid Act ( ) CCS support law and regulatory framework under consideration? Developing stage for regulatory framework by ME w/mof & MOTIE Building sector Green Building Act ( ) 27

28 Policy and strategy for CCS in Korea Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth ( revised) Commitment to reduce GHG by 30% below BAU until 2020 (Nov. 09) Presidential Committee on Green Growth (PCGG) : Major Policies and Plans including CCS 1st 5-Year Plan for Green Growth ( ) Korean CCS Master Action Plan (July 13, 2010) One or two large-scale integrated CCS demonstration by 2020 Recommend relevant ministries establishing centers to facilitate CCS RD&DD 2nd 5-Year Plan for Green Growth ( ) Focused on GHG emissions reduction, sustainable energy system, and adaptation to climate change CCS Technologies : Long term operation of 10 MW pilot plants & CO 2 Utilization Korean ETS allocated a total of 1,598 million KAU to 525 industries for the 1 st period ( ) 100% & 97% free allowance during 1 st ( ) & free 2 nd period ( ), respectively Carbon price: US$ 9.091/tCO 2 [1 KAU (= 1 tco 2 )] President Park s Speech on the 3-Year Economic Reform (Feb 25, 14) Increasing investment for R&DD of Clean Energy & CCS etc Established CCS Business Model Focusing on short-term goal with Energy efficiency and Renewables as well as energy demand management 28

29 Korean CCS Master Action Plan( 10.07) KETEP( Two 10 MW postcombustion Projects Phase I ( 10-14): $82 M Phasse II ( 14-17): $35.6M 1 MW Pre-combustion Project ( 11-15, $30 M) Korea CCS Association(KCCSA)( 10-) $0.45 M/y MOTIE /(MOF) RD&DD MSIP Adv. CCS R&D Prime Minister s Office (PCGG) MSIP/MOSF Korea Carbon Capture and Sequestration R&D Center (KCRC) ( 11-20), $157 M, ME/MOF Legal Framework/ Regulatory Korea CO 2 Storage Environmental Management(K-COSEM) Research Center ( 14-21) $38 M MSIP: Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MOTIE: Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, MOF: Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, ME: Ministry of Environment, MOSF: Ministry of Strategy and Finance 29

30 Corrected CCS Demonstration Plans One or Two Large-scale integrated CCS demonstration by 2020 MOF (storage) & MOTIE(capture) prepares Prefeasibility Report of DEMO (define stage) and MSIP evaluates the feasibility of project (Execute stage) 1 st Demonstration Project (KCCS-1) Stage 1. Pilot demo (10-30 MW) Stage 2. Large-scale demo ( MW) ~ 10 MW Post- Long-term MW Combustion Pilot operation of Demonstration Plant (Wet & Dry) 10 MW PPs (Link to Storage) 2 nd Demonstration Project (KCCS-2) ~ IGCC (or Oxyfuel) Pilot Plant Prefeasibility Evaluation* 1-10 MW Demonstration (Link to Storage) Allocated about US $1.74 billion Government: $ 0.74 billion (43%), Private: $ 1 billion (57%) Need more capitals ($1.74B $3-4B due to Storage infrastructure) 30

31 Role sharing of CO2 storage MOE + MOTIE MOTIE MOE 31

32 Details of CCS projects under operation or planning 1) MEST KOREA CCS 2020 (KCRC): Fountainhead researches on CCS 11~ 19; 173 billion Korean Won Roadmap of Korea CCS 2020 project 32

33 Macro Roadmap of Korea CCS 2020 Project: Storage 33

34 전문분야전체예산 ( 억원 ) 탐사 2,000 특성화 1,000 저장소선정 400 2) MKE - Planning stage on Large-scale & Commercial Scale CO2 Storage Project Suggested budget: ~ 3500 billion Won 23 Major fields Participations: 한국전력공사, 한국전력연구원, 두산중공업, 에너지기술연구원, 한국가스공사, 한국기계연구원, 삼성중공업, 대우조선해양, POSCO, GS 건설, 현대건설, 한국기계연구원, 한국석유공사, 한국지질자원연구원, 한국해양연구원, STX, 환경정책평가연구원등.. 저장소모델링 200 저장설계 300 포집연계 150 배관수송 2,200 선박수송 3,000 차량수송 800 시설 / 설비 / 프랜트 15,000 해상플랫폼 4,000 해저설비 550 주입정 / 관측정시추-완결 1,600 주입-저장소운영 750 지구물리모니터링 1,500 수리지화학모니터링 600 환경영향평가 200 사업안전성평가 100 공공적수용성 100 표준화 50 법제화 25 경제성분석 사업화 50 합계 34,635

35 3) - MLTM On-shore (Seabed) CO2 Storage Project - Ongoing R&Ds ( 05-15, 10 year) 2011 Budget: 5.5 Billion Won Main contents of the ongoing project 35

36 Action Plan of On-shore CCS Project (MLTM) 36

37 4) MOE Major roles of MOE -Capture and carbonation of CO2 using waste materials -Monitoring and risk assessment of off-shore storage 37

38 5. Conclusion Korea is a follower of Carbon capture and storage (CCS) Research and Development. But Korea has achieved three miracles in Economy, Democracy and Constitutionalism. Constitutionalism is based on rule of law. MOE, MOTIE and MOF are now making its own draft bill of CCS. Into the bargain, I am not formal representative of Korean gov t. Therefore, it is a pity that I can t introduce draft bill of CCS. Wellintended competition in legislation between MOE, MOTIE and MOF can be desirable for making a good law on CCS. Once a draft of each ministry is made, it is necessary to coordinate each ministry s draft bill in order to share its role with open-minded. Especially, K-COSEM is strongly sponsored by UN Secretary- General Ban Ki-Moon, I bet K-COSEM will show you a good output on CCS soon. 38

39 39

EU탄소배출거래제보고_ hwp

EU탄소배출거래제보고_ hwp 2011. 10. 28 - 2 - Ⅰ. EU ㅇ EU (Directorate-General Environment) EU,, (Directorate-General Climate Action), (ETS) ㅇ EU 2008 (Climate Change & Energy Package), 2011 8 2050 (A Roadmap for moving to a competitive