고 3 정답및해설 2013 학년도 7 월전국연합학력평가 students called 911 and took him to the hospital. M: Oh! Do you know the student s name? I m afraid I don t. One of the

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1 2013 학년도 7 월고 3 전국연합학력평가정답및해설 영어영역 B 형정답 B 형 ( 듣기대본및해설 ) 1. [ 출제의도 ] 화자의적절한응답고르기 M: Do you have any plans for the weekend? Nothing special. Do you have anything in mind? M: I have two free tickets for the musical Cats. Would you like to go with me? 2. [ 출제의도 ] 화자의적절한응답고르기 Good afternoon, Mr. Johnson. I was told you wanted to see me. M: Yes, Amy. I looked through your essay, and I thought you could do better than this. Well, I did my best. Could you tell me what I did wrong? M: 3. [ 출제의도 ] 화자의적절한응답고르기 M: The weather has been so awful. I just can t stand the summer heat. Neither can I. Honey, why don t we buy an air conditioner? M: I d love to, but I m worried about the cost of electricity. 4. [ 출제의도 ] 담화의목적파악하기 M: Have you ever been invited to social gatherings you didn t want to attend? If you ve experienced this situation, you may know how difficult it is to reject the invitation. But sometimes turning it down can be the only realistic solution because of a busy schedule or personal reasons. You can use the following tips to refuse an invitation politely and respectfully. First, understand why you were invited and thank the person who invited you. Then show regret that you re not able to attend, and let the person know that you would accept the invitation under different circumstances. Cards and gifts can also be good ways to smooth the situation over. 5. [ 출제의도 ] 화자의의견파악하기 Hey, Scott. Did you get my about our project? M: Yes, but I couldn t open the file you attached. It needs a password. I texted the password to you. Didn t you get it? M: Oh, I haven t checked my phone yet. But why did you set a password? Well, there s some personal information in the file. I want to keep it safe. M: But I m also involved in the project. You don t need to worry. That s not the point. We need a password just in case. M: Why? What could possibly happen? Well, if I sent the file to the wrong address by mistake, someone else would be able to read all our personal information. M: I see what you mean. I heard a story about someone whose personal information was leaked that way. So now you know why it s always better to be safe than sorry. 6. [ 출제의도 ] 담화의주제파악하기 Have you ever touched your cotton shirt with inky fingers by mistake? If this happens to you, don t panic. I ll show you how to deal with this. You can begin by applying hair spray to the stain on your shirt. This will start loosening the stain. The next stage is to put a half teaspoon of dishwashing detergent in some water. Then, soak the stained fabric in the water for half an hour. If the stain is still visible after soaking it, try rubbing alcohol into it. Then, the ink stain will be gone. By following this method, you can easily remove these annoying stains. 7. [ 출제의도 ] 대화의주제파악하기 M: Finally! The exams are over! Yeah, it was really stressful. Let s have fun now! M: Great! How about playing computer games together? Hmm... Aren t there any other fun things to do besides just playing games? M: I don t know... Oh, why don t we go to the youth center downtown? Haven t you heard? It closed down last month. M: Really? That s too bad. What are we going to do now? Well, it seems that all the places out there are either for adults or children. M: Yeah, we need more places for teens to get rid of stress. It would be great if there were a place for us to play sports or learn musical instruments. M: I totally agree. 8. [ 출제의도 ] 화자의관계파악하기 M: Michelle, how was your trip to Brazil? It was awesome! I took many photos of 1 5 breathtaking scenery and lots of wildlife. It s perfect for my next project. M: What is the theme of your project? Wildlife in the Amazon. I m going to have a photo exhibition on it. M: Sounds wonderful! When is it? It s the first week of the next month. M: I d like to write about your exhibition in our magazine. Could you make some time for an interview next week? You want to interview me? M: Yes. I want to write an article about your work for the next issue. Oh, really? I m so honored. I ll check my schedule and let you know. 9. [ 출제의도 ] 대화내용과불일치찾기 Hey Brian. Take a look at the new children s library. M: Wow! It looks great. But, why didn t you use a square table? Well, the corners of square tables can be dangerous for children, so I went with a circular one. M: That makes sense. I see you put the book shelves at the back of the room. Yes. And I put the teddy bear on the bookshelves. M: Oh, that s cute! Why didn t you put the tree in the corner next to the bookshelves? There s some extra space. I thought the tree would block the clock. So I placed it next to the table. M: I guess you re right. Oh, you put the bulletin board on the left side of the room. Yes, I wanted it to be beside the clock so that more people look at it. M: That s a great idea! The children will see it whenever they check the time. 10. [ 출제의도 ] 화자가할일파악하기 M: Judy, are you done with your wedding preparations? Not really. I ve been really busy with my new project. M: What s your job in the project? I have to organize the survey results. It s really time-consuming. M: I can help you with it. Why don t you just focus on your wedding? Thanks, but the project is also my responsibility. I ll just let my wedding planner deal with everything. M: But you should at least choose your honeymoon on your own. [Sigh] I can t even find the time to drop by the post office to send my wedding invitations. M: Well, I can do that for you. How sweet of you! I ll treat you to a nice dinner after the wedding. M: Oh, don t worry about it. 11. [ 출제의도 ] 화자가부탁한일파악하기 M: Hello, Midwood High School. How may I help you? Hi, this is Sandy Williams from Orange County. I m calling to ask you something. M: Okay. What is it? A few days ago, my father lost consciousness on the street. One of your

2 고 3 정답및해설 2013 학년도 7 월전국연합학력평가 students called 911 and took him to the hospital. M: Oh! Do you know the student s name? I m afraid I don t. One of the nurses in the hospital said that the student was wearing your school uniform. M: Did you hear anything else? Oh, I heard that the student had a blue necktie. M: Then he must be a freshman. Could you find the student for me? I d like to give him a thank you gift. M: Of course. I ll call you back when I find him. Could you leave your phone number? Sure. It s Thank you so much. 12. [ 출제의도 ] 이유추론하기 M: Hey, Susan. Good to see you! Hi, Ken. I didn t expect to see you here. Don t you drive to work? M: I usually do, but my wife is using my car today. I see. I used to drive, but I prefer to take the subway these days. M: Really? Isn t it stressful taking the crowded subway? A little bit, but it s okay if I leave earlier, before rush hour. M: But still, driving is more comfortable for me. Do you have any special reason why you prefer the subway? It s because I can do lots of things on the subway and make the most of my time. M: What do you usually do? I read books or listen to music. The best part is that I can take my time to plan for the day. M: I see your point. 13. [ 출제의도 ] 언급되지않는정보찾기 M: Min ji, how s the preparation going for our graduation trip? It seems to be going well. We can visit Dokdo as planned. M: That s great. I ve always wanted to visit there. I m sure it ll be a memorable experience for our class members. M: I can t wait! How can we get there? By airplane? No. We ll get there by ship from Ulleungdo. M: How exciting! Do you know how much it costs for the trip? A tour package for two nights and three days is about $200 including accommodation. M: I think the price is reasonable. And... is it possible to drop by Gyeongju on the way back? I was told Gyeongju is a beautiful city. Sure. Actually, it s included in our trip. M: Awesome! So we re going there on the last day of July, right? I need to reschedule my part time job. Right. Make sure you don t mess up the dates. 14. [ 출제의도 ] 지불할금액파악하기 M: Excuse me, can I rent some bicycles? Sure. How many do you want? M: Three. Two for adults and one for a child. How much is the rental fee? A regular bike for adults costs 8 dollars an hour, but I recommend this tandem bike. Two people can pedal together with it. M: Oh, that sounds good. I can ride it with my wife. How much is it? It s 12 dollars an hour. M: Then, I ll go with that. And I still need one more bike for my son. Hmm... how about this one? This kids bike costs half as much as the tandem bike. M: Good. I ll rent it, too. Okay. How long would you like to ride them? M: For two hours. Then, you ll rent one tandem bike and one kids bike for two hours, right? M: Yes. Here s the rental fee. 15. [ 출제의도 ] 담화내용과불일치찾기 M: Good morning, Johnson High School students! Please pay attention to this announcement. We re going to hold the 2013 Talent Show on July 12. If you d like to participate in the show, you should audition beforehand. The audition will be held at the auditorium over two days, next Monday and Tuesday. The audition for singing will take place on Monday, and the next day is scheduled for dancing. There s no limit to the number of applicants for the audition. But, only ten teams or individuals will be selected for the talent show at the festival. Application forms can be downloaded from the school website. Please make sure to drop by the student council office and submit your application. The application deadline is this Saturday. Please don t miss it! 16. [ 출제의도 ] 담화내용과불일치찾기 Today we are going to talk about llamas. Llamas are animals living in flocks in the Andes Mountains of South America. Llamas are extremely curious, so they approach people easily. In addition, they re intelligent enough to learn simple tasks after a few repetitions. Llamas can serve as guards to protect livestock from coyotes and other predators since they re instinctively alert and aware of their surroundings. Llamas are widely used for their meat and as working animals by the people living in the Andes Mountains. Their hair and skin are used to make cloth and shoes. Llamas are as useful to the mountain people as camels are to the people of the desert. 17. [ 출제의도 ] 도표의세부사항파악하기 Hello. This is Springfield Resort. How may I help you? M: Hi. My name is Malcolm Robinson. I d like to make a reservation for next weekend. Do you have any log cabins available? Sure. How many people are coming? M: Two adults and one child. I think a medium or large size cabin would be good. Okay. We have four cabins available in those sizes. Would you like to stay by the lake or on the hill? M: Hmm... I think the scenery would be better by the lake. Good choice. How about the large cabin? It s $400 a night. M: Oh, that s way too expensive. I can t afford to spend more than $300 a night. Then there are two options you can choose: one has a kitchen and the other doesn t. Which one would you like? M: My wife said she wants a kitchen. So we ll take that one. 18. [ 출제의도 ] 화자의적절한응답고르기 M: Hello. This is Spice & Spice. How may I help you? I m calling because I ordered some spices a week ago, but I haven t received them yet! M: I m sorry for the inconvenience. Let me check. Can I have your user name, please? Yes. It s happyjs. M: Thank you. [Typing sound] Ah, you ordered the Thai spice package. But your order was sent back to us because the address was wrong. What? Can I check the address, please? M: Sure. It s 556 Tiffany Street, Town Hill, San Diego. Oh, I forgot to change my address on your website. Could you send the package again to my new address? M: Yes, ma am, but in this case, you need to pay the shipping fee. 19. [ 출제의도 ] 화자의적절한응답고르기 M: I saw a new face in your department this morning. Yeah, he joined us last week. He s a new recruit. M: You ve always complained your team was short-handed. It s good news for you. Well, I hope so. M: You hope so? What do you mean by that? You don t seem to like having him. Well, I just don t feel I ll get along with him very well. M: Why not? Have you had any trouble with him? No. He just speaks slowly and looks clumsy, so I don t think he can do his job well. M: How would you feel if somebody treated you simply by the first impression? I mean, negatively. Umm... I d feel terrible. Okay, I understand what you re saying. M: 20. [ 출제의도 ] 상황에적절한말추론하기 Minsu and Sujin are classmates. Minsu wants to volunteer as an interpreter for foreign visitors in an international sports event. He suggests Sujin apply for the volunteer work with him. However, Sujin is hesitant to accept. She s afraid of talking with foreigners because she has had few opportunities to meet foreign people. But, she likes English so much and has been studying it a lot. Minsu is sure that this volunteer work will be helpful for Sujin to get over her fear of speaking English. He wants to encourage Sujin to apply for the volunteer work. In this situation, what would Minsu most 2 5

3 2013 학년도 7 월전국연합학력평가정답및해설고 3 likely say to Sujin? [21~22] M: Hello, citizens! As you know, there are a number of people who have been suffering from Parkinson s disease. We, the Parkinson s community, will gather in Central Park to raise funds for those patients and show our support for them. Join us for a walking event on this coming September 15th. If you don t want to walk, you can stay and enjoy a variety of other activities. There is no registration fee, but all registered participants can donate as much money as they want. Also some donations go towards the cure for Parkinson s disease and to help finance the event. To be more specific, the majority of the funds support the medical treatment for Parkinson s patients who are suffering financially. Our funds also contribute to the Parkinson s disease research conducted by the major Parkinson s disease foundations. And, part of our funds go to the expenses of promoting this walking event as well as making souvenirs for the participants. Don t miss this great chance to share your heart. Thank you. 21. [ 출제의도 ] 담화의목적파악하기 22. [ 출제의도 ] 언급되지않은정보찾기 23. [ 출제의도 ] 필자의주장파악하기 [ 해석 ] 우리모두가가지고있는주요두려움중하나는우리의프로젝트가무엇이든그것을시작하기에지금이잘못된시기이며, 우리가 적절한시기 가될때까지기다려야한다는두려움이다. 베스트셀러 The 4-Hour Workweek 의저자인 Tim Ferriss 는타이밍에대하여이렇게썼다. 모든중요한일들에있어서, 적절한시기란없다. 일을그만둘적절한때를기다리고있는가? 별들은결코제자리에있지않을것이고 ( 매우운세가좋은시기는없을것이고 ), 인생의신호등은동시에모두초록불이되지않을것이다. 상황은결코완벽할수없다. 언젠가 라는말은당신의꿈을당신의무덤으로가져가게할병이다. 만약그것이당신에게중요하고당신이그것을 결국 하기를원한다면, 그것을일단행하고, 실행하는과정에서경로를수정하라. 만약당신이실행에옮기기전에적절한시기를기다린다면, 당신은결코실행에옮기지못할지도모른다. [ 어휘 ] grave 무덤 24. [ 출제의도 ] 글의요지파악하기 [ 해석 ] 우리미래의가장큰 game-changer 는생명연장이다. 그것은쥐나벌레에게적용되었고, 분명언젠가는우리에게도적용될것이다. 생물학자들은당신에게생명연장의혜택을가져다주고자노력하면서소위노화방지물질이라불리는물질들을만들고있다. 그러나인생은그것이끝날가능성이있기에의미가있는것이다. 우리가영원히산다면인생은어떠할것인가? 아무도죽지않는다. 아무도늙지않는다. 더이상의진화는없다. 서두를필요도없다. 만약당신이어떤일이되기를원한다면, 그것을바쁜사람에게주라. 하지만, 당신이영원한생명을가지고있을때, 아무도바쁠필요가없다. 그렇다면, 누가진짜일을할것인가? 죽을운명이되기를자원하거나자원하도록선택된사람들이할것이다. 죽음이없는삶은절대적으로모든것을바꾼다. 만약우리가상황이있는 그대로있기를원한다면, 상황은바뀌어야만할것이다. [ 어휘 ] game-changer 어떤일의판도를바꿀수있는중요한역할을하는인물이나사건 prolongation 연장 tinker 만지작거리다 mortal 죽을운명인 25. [ 출제의도 ] 글의제목추론하기 [ 해석 ] 서구문화에서남성적역할을하는것은전통적으로독립성, 단호한태도, 지배와같은특성을요구해왔다. 여성은더보살피고남을잘헤아리는것으로기대된다. 이런남성과여성의역할은보편적인가? 성별간의생물학적인차이가필연적으로행동에서의성별차이로이어지는가? 1935 년에인류학자인 Margaret Mead 는뉴기니섬의세부족사회의사람들이취하고있는성역할을비교했는데, 그녀의관찰은확실히시사하는바가많다. Arapesh 부족에서남성과여성모두는우리가여성역할로간주할만한것의역할을하도록배웠다. 그들은상호협조적이고비공격적이었고다른사람들의요구를잘헤아렸다. Mundugumor 부족의양성모두는공격적이고다른사람들에게정서적으로둔감하도록길러졌는데, 이것은서구기준에서남성적행동유형이다. 마지막으로 Tchambuli 부족은서구유형의정반대인성역할발달유형을보여주었다. 남성들은수동적이고정서적으로의존적이며사교적으로감수성이뛰어났고, 반면에여성들은지배적이고, 독립적이고자기주장이강했다. [ 어휘 ] assertiveness 단호한태도 dominance 지배 26. [ 출제의도 ] 지칭하는대상파악하기 [ 해석 ] 대학시절 McCormack 은꽤훌륭한골퍼였다. 어느날, 1 그는장래골프계의전설인 Arnold Palmer 와시합할행운을가졌다. 2 그의대학에서골프치던시절이후, McCormack 은법학학위를받았고, 그의친구인 Palmer 는법률적조언을위해그에게도움을청하였다. 그당시에, 운동선수들은요즘처럼대중문화와광고에지속적으로나오지않았다. 그러나 McCormack 은프로운동선수들이배우와같다는것을주목했다. 그리고 3 그는운동선수들에게도그들을직접만나고싶어하고, 가능하면그들이사용하는제품을사용하기를원하는열렬한팬들이있다는것을알아차렸다. 변호사로서, 4 그는에이전시들이그들의배우를위해어떻게상품선전을하도록도와주는지를이해했다. 그러한모델을이용하여, 그는 Palmer 가배우들과마찬가지로 5 그의이미지를상품과연결시킬수있도록회사의사장들과골프시합을주선하였다. 머지않아, Palmer 의수입은급격히증가했다. 다른골퍼들도계약을하였고, McCormack 은최초의대형스포츠에이전시인 IMG 를창업하였다. [ 어휘 ] collegiate 대학의 27. [ 출제의도 ] 어법상적절한형식고르기 [ 해석 ] William H. Whyte 는뉴욕시의많은장소에사람들이어떻게공간을활용하는지알아보기위해비디오카메라를켜두었다. 그는많은놀라운사실들을발견하였고, 그것들을뒷받침해주는비디오증거를갖게되었다. 그는매우붐비는도시에서조차, 사람들이찾지않는공간이많다는것을발견했다. 사람들은혼자앉아있으려고할때조차도몇몇분주한광장에모여들었다. 왜그럴까? Whyte 에의해관찰된사람들사이의가장흔한행동은다른사람들을지켜보는것임이밝혀졌다. 사람들은다른사람들에게주목받는것도좋아하는것으로또한밝혀졌다! Whyte 는연인들이사적이고외진공간에서발견될것이라예상했으나, 대부분그들은모든사람들이볼수있는한가운데에앉 3 5 거나서있었다. 더나아가, 사적인대화를하고있는사람들은인도한가운데서있곤하며다른사람들이그들을피해돌아가도록만들었다. [ 해설 ] turning turned [ 어휘 ] flock 모이다, 떼를짓다 28. [ 출제의도 ] 문맥상어색한어휘파악하기 [ 해석 ] 제조업의침체는불가피하게신보호주의를초래할것이다. 폭풍우가몰아칠때첫번째대응책은바깥의찬바람으로부터자신의정원을보호해주는담을쌓도록노력하는것이다. 그러나그러한담들은세계적기준에부합하지못하는기업들을더이상보호하지못한다. 그것은그들을좀더번성하게 ( 취약하게 ) 만들뿐이다. 가장좋은예는멕시코인데, 그나라는자국경제를외부세계로부터독립적으로만드는의도적인정책을가지고있었다. 멕시코는외국의경쟁상대를몰아내는보호주의라는높은벽을쌓을뿐아니라, 자국회사들이수출하는것을사실상금지함으로써이것을실행하였다. 순수한멕시코만의경제를만들어내고자하는이러한시도는실패하였다. 멕시코는사실상다른나라로부터수입에점차의존하게되었다. 멕시코는결국외부세계에자신을개방할수밖에없었다. [ 해설 ] prosperous vulnerable [ 어휘 ] deliberate 의도적인 forbid 금지하다 29. [ 출제의도 ] 도표내용파악하기 [ 해석 ] 위그래프는 1990 년부터 2011 년사이의중국, 미국, 일본, 한국, 유럽특허청의특허출원수를보여준다 년과 2005 년사이에, 일본은가장많은특허를출원한반면, 미국은두번째로많은특허를출원했다. 2 그러나미국은 2006 년에일본을추월했고, 40 만건이상의특허를출원했다 년에한국과유럽특허청의특허출원을합친수는같은해미국의특허출원수보다많았다 ( 적었다 ) 년에유럽특허청은세번째로많은특허를출원했으나, 2011 년에는특허를가장적게출원하였다. 5 주목할만한점은중국의특허출원수가 2003 년부터 2011 년까지급속도로증가하여 2011 년에는미국의특허출원수를넘어섰다는점이다. [ 어휘 ] surpass 넘어서다 30. [ 출제의도 ] 세부내용파악하기 [ 해석 ] 의심의여지없이 saffron 은전세계에서가장비싼향신료이다. 손으로직접딴 100,000 개에서 250,000 개의식물에서 1 파운드의 saffron 만이산출된다. saffron 은소아시아근동에서처음발견되었고페르시아사람들이조미료와염료로사용했다. 그식물의자주색백합모양의꽃들은가을에나타난다. 이꽃들의중앙에는 3 개의붉은색암술머리가있는데, 이것이향신료를만드는 saffron 실이다. 분말은다른재료들과이미섞여있을수있기때문에, 분말로된 saffron 보다는암술머리를구입하는것이좋다. 가격이비쌀뿐아니라, 너무많은양을사용하면고약한맛이날수있기때문에아주적은양을사용해야한다. 인도음식에서그것은 pilaf 와 biryani 요리를만드는데사용된다. saffron 은또한인도여성의이마에서도볼수있는데, 그것은사회적계층을표시하는데사용된다. [ 어휘 ] flavor enhancer 조미료 denote 표시하다, 나타내다 31. [ 출제의도 ] 빈칸완성하기 [ 해석 ] 물리적인제품들과개인의소유권사이의관계는상당한진화를겪고있다. 우리는 CD 를원하는것이아니라, 그것이들려주는음악을원한다. 우리는디스크를원하는것이아니라, 그것이갖고있는저장공간을원한다. 우리는자동응답기를원하는것이아니라, 그것이

4 고 3 정답및해설 2013 학년도 7 월전국연합학력평가 저장한메시지를원한다. 우리는 DVD 를원하는것이아니라, 그것이갖고있는영화를원한다. 즉, 우리는물건이아닌, 그것이충족시키는필요나경험을원한다. 우리의소유가무형으로탈물질화되면서, 우리의소유권에대한선입관은 나의것, 너의것, 그리고 우리의것 사이의경계를모호하게만들면서변화되고있다. 이러한변화는사용이소유보다더가치있는세상을촉진한다. 그세상은 Wired 잡지의설립자인 Kevin Kelly 가말한 접근이소유보다더나은 세상이다. [ 어휘 ] profound 상당한, 심오한 preconception 선입관, 예상 intangible 만질수없는, 무형의 32. [ 출제의도 ] 빈칸완성하기 [ 해석 ] 과학자들과교육자들은예술적이거나혹은다른전문적인기술의발현을이해하고자오랫동안노력해왔다. 많은연구자들은뛰어난성취는단순히열심히노력하는것으로귀결될수있다고주장해왔다 년대의저명한과학자들의연구는인내심, 집중력, 노력이필요한곳에전념하는것에대한개인들의능력을강조하면서이러한견해를지지하였다. 교육심리학자인 Benjamin Bloom 은 1985 년에그의피실험자중어느누구도지지적환경과길고집중적인훈련기간없이는전문성을획득하지못했다고썼다. 이러한교육은처음에는격려해주는교육자들로부터시작되었고그이후에는많은것을요구하는수석교사들에의해행해졌다. 몇년후에플로리다주립대학의심리학자 K. Anders Ericsson 은피아노, 바이올린, 체스, 혹은운동의전문가들에관한연구를하였다. 이조사는한사람의성취수준은그들이한연습의양과깊은관련이있다고밝혔다. [ 어휘 ] emergence 출현, 발생 eminent 저명한 underscore 강조하다, 밑줄을치다 33. [ 출제의도 ] 빈칸완성하기 [ 해석 ] 지위통제경영모델에서, 계획은운명처럼여겨졌다. 최고경영진들은운영의모든측면에대해정확한계획을세웠고, 그계획을충족시키기 위해모든것을강한통제아래에두었다. 하지만너무나자주계획은예상치못한사건들에의하여틀어지게되었다. 계획을세우는것은더이상최고경영진들만의독점적인영역이아니다. 이제는계획을세우는것이그계획을실행하는사람을포함한다. 이는그들이고객과더가깝기때문이다. 전략적인민첩성을주장하는계획전문가들은기회를이용하기위해서는, 실무자들이계획된행동과융통성의균형을맞출필요가있다고말한다. 이와관련된좋은비유로즉흥적인코미디연기를들수있다. 단독연기하는코미디배우는도입, 연기의구조, 검증된농담, 맺음말의계획을갖고있다. 코미디배우는이러한계획된틀안에서관객들의반응에따라연기하기도하고, 필요에따라즉흥연기를하기도한다. [ 어휘 ] derail 틀어지게하다, 탈선시키다 34. [ 출제의도 ] 빈칸완성하기 [ 해석 ] 동전던지기를생각해보자. 만약에앞면이연속으로 10 번나온다면, 그다음번던졌을때또앞면이나올가능성은어느정도될것인가? 속지마라. 단한번동전을던져서나올수있는가능성과같은 50% 이다. 대부분의사람들은그동안의기세와는반대로앞면이또나올수있는가능성이실제로 50% 보다낮을것이라고생각한다. 그들은앞면과뒷면이대략비슷한가능성으로나올것이라고생각한다. 그래서그들은앞면을연달아 10 번보았다면, 이제는뒷면을볼차례라고생각한다. 뒷면이나와야만한다고생각한다. 하지만그렇지않다. 평균의법칙이라는것은없다. 만약과정이무작위라면, 예측은불가하다. 이것은또한 도박 꾼의착각 을이끌어낸다. 연속적으로실패한도박꾼은그들의운이균형을맞춰야한다고생각하면서, 이제이길차례이니계속게임을해야한다고잘못생각한다. 하지만, 모든것이무작위라면, 너에게어떠한것도예정된것은없다. 너의승산은결국전혀바뀌지않는다. [ 어휘 ] momentum 기세, 탄력, 가속도 35. [ 출제의도 ] 빈칸완성하기 [ 해석 ] 만약당신이 쓴맛 을맛본적이있다면, 당신은아마그생각만으로도얼굴을찌푸릴것이다. Brooklyn College 연구자들의연구에따르면, 끔찍한맛은그것이상이다. 연구자들은 57 명의학생들로하여금뇌물을받는정치가와시험에서부정행위를하는학생들과같은여러가지도덕적으로좋지않은행동들에대한그들의도덕적혐오에대해등급을매기도록하였다. 등급매기는것을시작하기전에, 학생들은 3 가지의음료 : 쓴맛음료, 단맛음료, 물중하나를마셨다. 100 점의범위안에서, 도덕적으로비난받을만한행동에대해서가장나쁜점수를 100 으로하였을때, 쓴맛음료를마신학생들은그러한행동들에대해서평균 78 점을주었다. 그리고단맛음료를마신학생들은평균 60 점, 물을마신집단은평균 62 점을주었다. 단맛음료와물을마신집단의점수는통계적으로같았으나, 쓴맛음료를마신집단의점수는현저하게높았다. 이연구는불쾌한 ( 쓴 ) 맛은사람들의도덕적사안에대한불승인 ( 비도덕적사안에대한반감 ) 을증가시킨다는것을암시한다. [ 어휘 ] reprehensible 비난받을만한, 부끄러운 36. [ 출제의도 ] 빈칸완성하기 [ 해석 ] 정의할특정한단어가그정의안에서나올때, 우리는그것을순환적정의라고한다. 용어를정의하는것의요점은, 그의미를설명하는것으로이것은정의를이해하기위해당신이그용어의의미를이미알고있어야한다면, 분명하게얻어질수없다. 그렇다면순환적정의는정의의요점을놓치는것이다. 예를들어, 스트레스 를 스트레스가많은상황에대한생리적그리고심리적반응 이라고정의하는것이순환적정의를내린것이될것이다. 이는스트레스가많은상황이라는것은그상황이스트레스를만들어내는경향이있다는사실로부터오직추측하여인식할수있기때문이다. 하지만 스트레스 의의미는그정의를요구하는사람이이해하고자하는바로그것이므로정의속에서전제되어져서는안된다. 철학 을 철학자에의해행해지는활동 이라고정의하는것은순환적정의의또다른예가될것이다. [ 어휘 ] presumably 추측하여, 아마 crop up 불쑥나타나다 [ 일어나다 ] 37. [ 출제의도 ] 연결어삽입하기 [ 해석 ] 삶의질을향상하기위해서우리가채택할수있는두가지의중요한전략이있다. 첫번째는외부상황들을우리의목적에맞추도록노력하는것이다. 두번째는외부상황들을우리의목적에더잘부합되도록우리가그것들을경험하는방식을바꾸는것이다. 예를들면, 안전함을느끼는것은행복의중요한요소이다. 앞문에튼튼한자물쇠를설치하거나, 더안전한동네로이사를가거나, 또는시청에좀더경찰의보호를요구하는정치적인압력을행사함으로써안전감은향상될수있다. 이러한모든반응들은우리환경의조건들을우리의목적에맞추는것을목표로한다. 한편, 우리는안전에대한우리의정의를수정함으로써좀더안전함을느낄수있다. 만약에한사람이완벽한안전을기대하지않고, 위험이불가피하다는것을인정하고, 덜이상적으로예측가능한세상을즐길수있다면, 안전에대한위협이행복을망칠가 4 5 능성은크지않을것이다. [ 어휘 ] exert 행사하다 38. [ 출제의도 ] 글의순서파악하기 [ 해석 ] 1985 년, Garold Stasser 와 William Titus 는집단의결정이개인의결정보다더유익하다는생각에이의를제기하는연구를수행했다. (C) 그들은 4 명으로된몇몇집단을구성하고그들로하여금의사결정을하도록요청했다. 그학자들은같은정보를주고, 집단결정과개개인이내린결정의질을비교했다. (A) 모든팀원이같은정보를가지고있을때, 집단결정은각개인결정의질을능가했다. 한편, 그러고나서학자들은팀원각자가팀동료들이갖지않은고유한정보를가지고있는상황을만들어냈다. (B) 최적의결정을도출하기위해서팀원각자가개인적으로가진정보를서로공유해야만했다. 결과는집단구성원모두가모여토론을하기이전에각개인이내린결정보다토론이후에내린집단결정이더좋지않은경우가더많았다는것을보여줬다. 학자들은집단이개인별로가진정보를모두드러내는데어려움이있었을것으로추측했다. [ 어휘 ] surmise 추측하다 39. [ 출제의도 ] 주어진문장삽입하기 [ 해석 ] 정체성의세대간계승으로인해, 대부분의아이들은그들의부모와최소한몇가지특징을공유한다. 이러한것이수직적정체성이다. 고유한특성과가치는 DNA 뿐만아니라함께경험한문화규범을통해서세대에걸쳐부모로부터아이에게전달된다. 예를들어, 언어는대개수직적인데왜냐하면그리스어를말하는대부분의사람들은그들의아이들도그리스어를말하도록키우기때문이다. ( 하지만, 어떤사람들은그들의부모와는다른선천적혹은후천적특성을갖는경우가종종있어서정체성은그들의또래집단으로부터습득되었을것인데, 이는수평적정체성이라불려진다.) 그러한정체성은아이가그의조상들과공유되지않는열성유전자, 가치관, 선호도를반영할수있다. 범죄행동은종종수평적인데, 이는대부분의범죄자들이폭력배에게길러진것은아니므로그들이스스로범죄적특성을만들어냈을것이다. 자폐증이나지적장애역시그런경우이다. [ 어휘 ] transmission 계승, 전달 recessive gene 열성유전자 40. [ 출제의도 ] 요약문완성하기 [ 해석 ] 선을긋는다는것은정도의차이만있는두개의범주를구분하는것이다. 예를들어, 부유함과가난함사이같이연속성의개념이있는곳에, 누가세금감면에적합할지를결정해하는것과같은목적이있을경우, 부유하다고여겨지는것과가난하다고여겨지는것사이에선을긋는것이필요하다. 때때로선이어떤다른곳에그어질수있었다는사실은우리가선을그을필요가전혀없거나혹은이미그어진선이아무런효력이없다는증거로여겨질수있지만, 대부분의경우에이러한관점은잘못된것이다. 예를들어, 영국에서신시가지의제한속도는시속 25 마일혹은 35 마일로정해질수도있었지만시속 30 마일로정해졌다. 하지만, 일단과속과안전운행사이에선이그어지고나면, 우리는어떤경우에도그제한속도를무시해서는안된다. [ 요약문 ] 어떤것을구분하기위해우리가긋는선은비록어느정도 (B) 임의적이라할지라도 (A) 존중되어져야한다. [ 어휘 ] eligible 적임의 built up area 신시가지 [ 출제의도 ] 장문독해하기 [ 해석 ] 수년동안, 스위스는방사능핵폐기물을

5 2013 학년도 7 월전국연합학력평가정답및해설고 3 저장하기위한장소를찾기위해노력해왔다. 핵폐기물처리장후보지로지정된한장소는 Wolfenschiessen 이라는작은마을이었다 년에, 몇몇경제학자들은만약스위스의회가그마을에핵폐기물처리장건설을결정할경우찬성표를던질지묻는설문조사를지역주민들에게실시하였다. 비록그것이그지역에달갑지않은추가시설물로널리여겨졌지만, 과반수가약간넘는수 (51%) 의지역주민들은핵폐기물처리장을수용하겠다고했다. 이는분명그들의시민의식이위험에대한우려보다더높았던것이다. 그후, 그경제학자들은의회가지역주민들에게매년보상금을지급하는것과같은우대조건을제공하는경우찬성할것인가를물었다. 그결과찬성률은상승하지않고 ( 오히려 ) 하락했다. 추가적으로제시한금전적인유인책은찬성률을 51% 에서 25% 까지절반으로하락시켰다. 경제학자들이금전적인보상금을높였을때에도, 그결과는변하지않았다. 왜금전적인보상이있을때보다, 대가가없을때더많은사람들이핵폐기물을수용하려했을까? 일반적인경제분석은사람들에게부담을수용하는것에대한대가를제공하는것이부담을수용하려는의지를감소시키는것이아니라증가시킬것이라고시사한다. 하지만, 이연구를주도했던경제학자들은가격효과가때로는윤리적고려사항들에의해효력을발휘하지못한다고지적한다. 마을사람들에게, 핵폐기물처리장을수용하겠다는의지는그나라전체가핵에너지에의존하고있고핵폐기물은어딘가에는저장되어야한다는인식인공공정신을반영한것이었다. 이러한시민의책무에대한의식을바탕으로, 마을주민들에게현금을제공하는것은뇌물, 그들의표를사려는노력으로느껴졌다. [ 어휘 ] radioactive nuclear waste 방사능핵폐기물 sweetener 우대조건 invalidate 효력을상실하다 집했다. 그들의큰중대한판단과실을깨닫고, 그들은이전샘관리자를재고용했다. (b) 그의충실하고조용한작업으로, 진정한생명의강이정화되기시작했다. 물레방아는다시돌기시작했고, 새로운생명이알프스산맥의그마을로돌아왔다. [ 어휘 ] clammy 축축한, 기분나쁜 veritable 진정한 unanimous 만장일치의 dispense with 없애다 deposit 침전물 [ 출제의도 ] 장문독해하기 [ 해석 ] (A) 알프스산맥동쪽비탈에있는한오스트리아마을고지대에한조용한산거주자가살고있었다. (a) 그는마을의아름다운샘으로흐르는산틈새의물웅덩이에서쓰레기를치우도록한마을의회의원에의해여러해전에고용되었다. (D) (e) 그는낙엽과가지들을치우고, 제거하지않으면맑은물의흐름을막고오염시킬침전물을처리하면서, 산을정기적으로돌았다. 마을은곧인기있는휴양지가되었다. 우아한백조들은수정같이맑은샘을따라노닐었고, 물가근처에위치한많은가게들의물레방아는밤낮으로돌았으며, 농지는자연스럽게물이대졌고, 레스토랑에서바라보는풍경은형용할수없을만큼그림과같이아름다웠다. (C) 수년이지났다. 어느날저녁, 마을의회는매년열리는정기회의를위해모였다. 예산을검토하면서, 예산관리자의눈은정체가모호한샘관리자에게지급되고있는봉급액수를포착하였다. (c) 그는말했다, 언덕의그수상한관리자는누구입니까? 왜우리는해마다그를고용하나요? 아무도그를본적이없습니다. 우리가아는한, 그는우리에게아무도움이되지않습니다. 그는더이상필요치않습니다. 만장일치투표에의해, 그들은 (d) 그의일을없앴다. 몇주동안은아무것도바뀌지않았다. 초가을무렵, 나무들은낙엽을떨구기시작했다. 작은가지들은툭부러져웅덩이로떨어졌고, 활기찬물의흐름을방해했다. (B) 어느날오후누군가가샘이약간황갈색의색조를띄고있는것을발견했다. 그다음주에는, 점액성막이온강둑을따라물표면을덮었고, 악취가곧감지되었다. 물레방아는더천천히움직였고, 그중몇개는서서히가다가마침내멈추었다. 한때샘을따라노닐던백조들은떠났고, 관광객들도떠났다. 음습한질병의손길이마을깊숙이침투했다. 곧, 당황한마을의회가특별회의를소 5 5