50(6)-06.fm

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "50(6)-06.fm"

Transcription

1 Journal of the Korean Chemical Society Printed in the Republic of Korea t w w - w Ÿ ½ w * û w yw ( ) New Research Tool for Understanding of Surfaces - Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy Hackjin Kim* Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Taejeon , Korea (Received August 10, 2006). x Ÿ wù w Ÿ (SFG-VS, sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy) t w k rp œw. w SFG-VS w t š. SFG-VS, x,, Ÿ» ƒ w r. : t, w Ÿ, x Ÿ ABSTRACT. The vibrational spectrum of molecules on surfaces can be measured with high selectivity and sensitivity using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS). Selectivity and sensitivity of this non-linear spectroscopy have made it an effective experimental tool in surface research. Surface systems studied with SFG_VS are surveyed, and experimental and theoretical background of SFG-VS is briefly reviewed. Keywords: Surface, Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy (SFG-VS), Non-Linear Spectroscopy t w w ù (phase) š w. 1 š (condensed phase) t, t,,», g, w t y w. t t, s wš ³ w t. w, y,, t ù w yw ww wš. ü y w t w w ù k ƒ x v w. t w ƒ» y/ ƒ j y»ƒ. t w, t w k v w, m Ÿ w k ƒ š. w x w t w w j w,» w d ƒ t š. m t w» t w š œ w, œ k w t 429

2 430 ½ w z w š w x w ƒ t sw, x t yw y w w w œw w. w w œw Ÿw, w k w t y wš. Ÿ wù t y Ÿ (SERS, surface enhanced Raman scattering) ù ƒ Ÿ w Ÿ wù ü Ÿ (TIR, total internal reflection) t y Ÿw,, k, ƒ š. x Ÿ w Ÿ (SFG, sum frequency generation), Fig. 1(a), Fig. 1. (a) SFG w w w š (coherent) y w x x, œ w ƒ Ÿ Ÿ w. q y SFG rp. (b) C-H HMX,, SFG rp. 3 SFG rp, rp w. w w w ƒ y w 3 q yw (three-wave mixing process) wù. q (scan)w 2, Fig. 1(b) rp d w. Fig. 1(b) rp š s HMX(cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine(ch 2NNO 2) 4) rp. HMX 3 SFG, rp. SFG rp w p k ³e, œ d ù ü e d e(asymmetric) SFG y. Ÿw y ƒ š wš ü - w e» SFG y. t», t w e ƒ, w t ü SFG y w v e w. w SFG k ³e w t w wù k ƒ w. SFG Ÿ w x Ÿ w š (coherent) y» t w j. w rÿ(polarization) y w Ÿ mw t w ƒ. fs ps r w t w w r s w w ƒ ƒ w w x w, ƒ Ÿ 4 ã 2 (SHG, second harmonic generation) w w SFG x š, SFG w 1980 z j w Shen z y š 5 SFG Ÿ (SFG-VS, SFG vibrational spectroscopy) ƒ k z x SFG-VS( w SFG) w r š w. v ƒ x ü SFG x twš w w ½ q w, š w 6 Journal of the Korean Chemical Society

3 t w w - w Ÿ 431 Fig. 2. ƒw, sl w ƒ w ƒ ƒw» w (blue shift), y y y sl w ƒ ƒ w» (red shift) w. SFG rp d t ü, sl w y ƒw ù w. w ü x ƒ rp» w. sl w y rp e s y ƒ. yw w sww yw q SFG x wš. rp Ÿ rp ƒ yw y.»» y y w ƒ» w», rp w y w. p, Fig. 2 V=kx 2 /2 t y sl w» w. sl w ƒ w rp w. w y y w y sl w ƒ rp û w. t ü rp» wš, z ƒ t y z ƒ rp» w. SFG rp t w rp w rp ƒ e,», s, rp p ³ w. ü y w rp», SFG rp t, ù ƒ t p w œw. SFG t p t t, t e w p w» w. ƒ, t ƒw ù w. y t j t w. t d w z w ( yw ), Table 1. SFG» t t - - ƒ z x-ray, neutron reflectivity š t - š ellipsometry, š w x ( q ) / - /», y / š - t š / š - š / š, Brewster angle microscopy TIR, SPR t -, UHV t -, SERS, SPR š w x LB film, SAM, CVD, coating, colloid t, SPR LB = Langmuir-Blodgett SAM = self-assembled monolayer CVD = chemical vapor deposit TIR = total internal reflection SPR = surface plasmon resonance UHV = ultra-high vacuum SERS = surface enhanced Raman scattering

4 432 ½ w d w» w ( ). SFG mw t w t p w. Table 1 ù SFG ƒ l v w. t t. k, m, hexane» t w SFG 7 w t ƒ ñ t t.» 8 C-H rp s, O-H rp w w s. t w SFG r p 3700 cm s rp, t w w O-H w cm ùkù rp y w p rp w (deconvolute). ù ƒ s w d(double layer) x w t yƒ», w y SFG rp mw. š t. SFG w ƒ š š. 9 e,,,» p š p»» w š t w w œw. š SFG rp (solvent cast, spin coating extrusion) ù»(rubbing) w. w š 10 š,,, š s ƒ š t SFG w. 11,12 q q (buried interface)», š, š t ƒ k. 13 w š w x ƒ w, SFG w w œw. q w» w m w w SFG q w w.. yk w O-H» /œ» t O-H» SFG rp. yk w w O-H» œ» w w O-H» û ùkù, 3000 cm l ùkù w w s rp yk /, hexane/. hexane/ w w O-H» rp. w y 14 w / p w š. 15 /š. ƒ w š /š»yw t. t ƒ w z t ù yw SFG w, p»yw w y w. SFG rp mw t w yw y w w. w š t 16 ww w SFG mw w, q (Al 2O 3) t w w ƒ. q t w ph, t w. 17 š. š /š ƒ ñ., w œ»,,, x,», r p, j, y t, s x ù w š. ƒ ƒ y ƒ»yw» y š, w. t ù yw y w w w. epoxy, š ƒ» ƒ»» ( xk w w»» yw»» ). SFG rp OCH 3»»ƒ š /š sw. 18 Journal of the Korean Chemical Society

5 t. š ƒ w. w -yw m œ(uhv, ultrahigh vacuum). w œ x w ù ƒ. š œ» t SFG w. ƒ t ù CO y, y ƒ w s ƒ š. w 19 SFG t y w ù t w w š. p 20 fs r w SFG x w w, t ù w ps w w œw. w 21 (chromophore) w SFG y CO. CO w w» w w Ÿw y w Ÿw. š t Ÿyw TiO 2 y ù t w w SFGƒ. 22»d (,» ) ƒ Ÿw p ùkù. w»d p SFG rp w ùkù. w. š t (biosensor) w. SFG rp š t w 2 w, w š t y - t (wettability) ù» y w œw. 23 ƒ -y(gold-sulfur) w w alkanethiol t w w - w Ÿ 433 d» d (SAM, self-assembled monolayer), t w ƒ p. ³ w t ù, ³ w SAM w SFG rp š š. w t d 24 x w ù LB(Langmuir-Blodgett) w SFG rp d ƒ w. 25 LB», Ÿ»», x» ƒ š. yw (CVD, chemical vapor deposition) CaP w SFGƒ š. 26»k SFG š w x wù NSOM(near-field scanning optical microscopy) ww w ƒ œ w» w. 27 w, SFG ƒ œ w - w ù wù œ w w SFG yƒ. 28 Ÿw y (chirality) ƒ w SFG ñ. Ÿw y ƒ š» Ÿw y SFG (OA-SFG, optically active SFG) w y», ƒ w rÿ SFG x w y. Ÿw y ƒ, v, d w SFG ƒ š, SFG w. 29 SFG x Ÿw x» Ÿ, y», y» ƒ v w. Fig. 3 Fig. 1(b) SFG rp x e, 12 SFG rp w x e w d š. Ti:sapphire r (~200 fs, ~800 nm) š rp x

6 434 ½ w Fig. 3. Fig. 1(b) SFG rp d w x e. (seed) wš, Nd:YAG rv(pump) w Ti:sapphire s»(amplifier) ù SFG w Ÿ w. (ethalon) w 1cm w s ƒ Ÿ (800 nm ) Ÿ OPA(optical parametric amplifier) mw ~300 cm s Ÿ. Ÿ f ul LiNbO 3 w ƒ cm w. SFG y Ÿ» (spectrograph) CCD(charge coupled device) d w. w r ƒ rp, w rp w. ƒw SFG Ÿ w. wù (etalon) mw 1 cm w s ƒ xs (narrow band) r š, wù OPA(optical parametric amplifier) mw ~300 cm s ƒ Ÿs(broad band) r. xs r ƒ Ÿ (vis) Ÿ, xs r (IR) Ÿ. SFG y Ÿ» (spectrograph) CCD(charge-coupled device) w d w. SFG rp w xs r s(1 cm w). Fig. 1(b) SFG rp 1 khz 30 y w rp. 1980» SFG ns Nd:YAG 2 (532 nm) q CO 2 Ÿ w. [SFG Ÿ ƒ Ÿ w, SFG Ÿ ƒ Ÿ (visible) (IR) w» ¼.] x Ÿ, Ÿ p Ÿ z p w. y» y» x Ÿ j. 1970, 80 x Ÿw w» w. SFG Ÿ wš,» ns Nd:YAG modelocked ps Nd:YAG, OPA mw q IR Ÿ w. w SFG rp» w IR Ÿ q» SFG y d w. q» 5» rp d w ¼ y/ rp. w rp w 8 cm.[d» w».] r p» w Cs»ù» w q»(raman shifter)ù (stimulated Raman) w» w rp ƒ j w. q» w rp x e 1 SFG Ÿ» w z Ti:sapphire ry Ÿw» y j w. Ti:sapphire w OPA s 200 cm Ÿs Ÿ. Fig. 4 Fig. 4. (gold) t octadecanethiol(odt) SFG rp. rp -œ w w rp, ODT CH 3» œ w w rp y t t w q (dip) ùkù. w yƒ - w rp ùkù cm -1 CH 3 e (symmetric stretch), 2937 cm -1 CH 3 e / ƒ r œ (symmetric stretch/bending Fermi resonance), 2964 cm -1 CH 3 e (asymmetric stretch) rp y t t. SFG y w SFG Ÿ» y w t. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society

7 t w w - w Ÿ 435 rp Ÿs rp. Ÿs w q» w š w r l rp. rp š, y/ j w k. t y(fourier-transform) Ÿ w y, w Ÿs w Ÿ»ƒ 2 SFG Ÿ». Ti:sapphire w 2 Ÿ» 800 nm ƒ Ÿ Ÿ w, ƒ Ÿ Ÿ (electronic transition) œ j, SFG y w.» œ j». SFG Ÿ œ w œ (double resonance) mw SFG rp d w Ÿ» 3 SFG Ÿ» w. œ w Ÿ Ti:Sapphire 2 3 w ù (free electron laser) w. x ew. 3 SFG Ÿ»ƒ š» ryw. Fig. 1(a) Fig. 3 x t w SFG yƒ, n w ù y q t n w SFG r p d w. SFG Ÿ» ƒ», x Ÿ y ƒ š r Ÿw» q š x ã w Ÿw» - r s d w» (autocorrelator) - t w. x y x Ÿ» Ÿ»(transient absorption spectrometer)ƒ w ƒ. [Ÿ x Ÿ x Ÿ w ƒ û.] x Ÿ» yw» w, Ÿ» w x x Ÿ mw ƒ v w. Ÿ» ƒ y, NMR Ÿ» ƒ š w ƒ ƒ w ƒ j ƒ. x Ÿ» y Ÿ»ƒ œw r ƒ w. t w. t rp Ÿ» w mw, SFG Ÿ» t w x j ƒ Ÿ»»ƒ. w v w x Ÿ, y w». w wš» q š w, x w. w Ÿw», wš. SFG Ÿ (optical alignment) yw x w Ÿ» w SFG Ÿ» y. x Ÿ w Ÿ, š w x xw j» œw ƒw w. v w j» œw j š. š (feedback control)ƒ ƒ w x», q y yw ù Ÿ» w f ul w yw. rÿ,» w w, w œ» yk w, q w vl, ƒ

8 436 ½ w w w x š»(sample holder) y mw. t w w SFG rp (library) ƒ w. SFG w x Ÿw P (0) + P (1) + P (2) + P (3) +... p, µ w p, µ,», Eƒ w ƒw w., v p (bulk polarization), P t, w, P (i) w Ÿw y ƒ. m» w p» w w, αe w d w w. w w pƒ,», w x x w w d w w ùkù. x αƒ (polarizability), x β, γ 1, 2 (hyperpolarizability)., P»» w, χ (1) 1 ( x) (susceptibility), χ (2) χ (3) ƒƒ 2, 3 x. ε o œ (permittivity). ü,» z (multipole) z wš, z - z (local effect) wš. SFG w ü š, ƒw j. SFG µ = µ o + αe + βe 2 + γe 3 P = P o + ε o ( χ ( 1) E + χ ( 2) E 2 + χ ( 3) E ) = SFG β χ (2) w ù, ƒ. 30 χ (2) =( /ε o)<β >» N, β w y s³ w. χ» l (2) l P w 3 l (third rank tensor). SFG rp χ d w (2), SFG k ³e χ p l (2) ù. w P w SFG y», I(ω SFG). I(ω SFG) χ (2) eff 2 I(ω vis)i(ω IR)» I(ω vis) I(ω IR) w», ƒ w ω SFG=ω vis+ω IR w. z χ (2) eff w. χ (2) eff = χ (2) NR + χ (2) R = χ (2) NR e i + Σ q A q» Χ NR (2) χ R ƒƒ (2) -œ (non-resonant), œ (resonant), w ( ). ƒ w œ q w. œ w» A q w. χ NR w (2), j j χ NR (2) 0. - rp w χ Rƒ SFG (2). Fig. 4 Ÿs w d w (gold) t x octadecanethiol (ODT) SAM SFG rp. χ (2) NR w s rp š, ( Ÿs rp w w ), SAM χ R w y q (dip) ùkù (2). χ (2) R χ (2) NR w, w ww xk(constructive interference) ùkú š, Fig. 4 ùkù (destructive interference) ùkú. x t dw. 3 l χ R 27 ƒ š (2) [xyz t 3=27 3 Journal of the Korean Chemical Society

9 w ], œ e w. t (isotropic surface) χ (2) R 7 0 ƒ, 4. rÿ(polarization) w 0 χ (2) R w d w. 31 [SFG rÿ w ppp, ssp txw, l SFG y, ƒ Ÿ, rÿ w ùkü. p» w s, s rÿ ƒ k.] (centrosymmetric medium) χ (2) R 0 SFG yƒ w. ü e» SFG y, w t w SFG k ùkù. SFG rp SFG rp w rp ry. β wš, w w, w. (crystal) e y š w w j, eƒ š w w»ƒ. MD (molecular dynamics) mw w» w, j»ƒ j w. l w» w ƒ t y v w. w w» A q. A q = N Σ Β q,lmn <(i l)( j m)(k n)> β q,lmn = -(1/2ε oω o) ( α lm/ Q) ( µ n/ Q)/(ω IR-ω o+iγ) q w β q,lmn ü š t lmn w w z, x t ijk yw w w w. ü t t» t ywš, t w x t yw w. w t y w y w š. 32 β q,lmn p Ÿ p. ω IR ω o ƒ t w w - w Ÿ 437 ƒ. Γ r p s w, k (relaxation) (damping factor). w» - w ƒ š. w w p x ww w w. w w» w ƒ w» w x w, e» x. w w x w C-H yw. 33, w ab initio mw wš, p y w w. e w š ƒ v w. 30 ƒ tx sw, ü, (local field) z s wwš. w w, w Hamiltonian sww x (time-dependent formalism) - w (time-correlation function) tx w. w w» w w lƒ v w, w MD w. 34 SFG rp SFG wš, t y(fourier transform)w rp. Ÿ Schrodinger t w, w (density matrix) w t w. 35 e w». SFG x Ÿ w ƒ wš. SFG

10 438 ½ w ù w d w t k w k š, w t w š. x SFG t w w k Ÿ wš. SFG x»» wš, x Ÿ»» ƒ ƒ š. SFG w w r x ƒ y w w. û w w. x 1. t» ù œ, (interface) ƒ j, w š t» w. 2. Shen, Y. R.GThe Principles of Nonlinear Optics, Wiley, New York, Kim, HU; Lagutchev, A.; Dlott, D. D. unpublished resultsu 4. Bass, M.; Franken, P. A.; Hill, A. E.; C. W. Peters, C. W.; and G. Weinreich, G. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1962, 8, Shen, Y. R. Nature, 1989, 337, Sung, J.; Park K.; Kim, D. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, (a) Yeh, Y. L.; Zhang, C.; Held, H.; Mebel, A. M.; Wei, Z.; Lin, S. H.; Shen, Y. R. J. Chem. Phys. 2001, 114, (a) Shultz, M. J.; Baldelli, S.; Schnitzer, C.; Simonelli, D. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2002, 106, (b) Richmond, G. L. Chem. Rev. 2002, 202, (c) Shen, Y. R.; Ostroverkhov, V. Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, Chen, Z.; Shen, Y. R.; Somorjai, G. A. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2002, 53, (a) Kim, D.; Oh-e, M.; Shen, Y. R. Macromolecules, 2001, 34, (b) Ge, J. J.; Li, C. Y.; Xue, G.; Mann, I. K.; Zhang, D.; Wang, S. Y.; Harris, F. W.; Cheng, S. Z. D.; Hong, S. C.; Zhuang, X. W.; Shen, Y. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, (c) Hong, S. C.; Zhang, C.; Shen, Y. R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82, (a) Koffas, T. S.; Amitay-Sadovsky, E.; Kim, J.; Somorjai, G. A. J. Biomater. Sci. Polymer, Edn, 2004, 15, 475. (b) Wei, X.; Miranda P. B.; Shen, Y. R. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 86, (c) Chin, R. P.; Huang, J. Y.; Shen, Y. R.; Chuang T. J.; Seki, H. Phys. Rev. B 1996, 54, Kim, H,; Lagutchev, A.; Dlott, D. D. Propel. Explos. Pyrotech. 2006, 31, Williams, C. T.; Beattie, D. A. Surf. Sci. 2002, 500, Watry, M. R.; Brown M. G.; Richmond, G. L. Appl. Spect. 2001, 55, 321A. 15. Conboy, J. C.; Messmer, M. C.; Richmond, G. L. J. Chem. Phys. 1996, 100, Chou, K. C.; Kim, J.; Baldelli, S.; Somorjai, G. A. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2003, , Vidal F.; Tadjeddine, A. Rep. Prog. Phys. 2005, 68, Loch, C. L.; Ahn, D.; Chen, Z. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, (a) Rupprechter, G. Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem. Sect. C. 2004, 100, 237. (b) Marsh A. L.; Somorjai, G. A. Topics Catal. 2005, 34, Dellwig, T.; Hartmann, J.; Libuda, J.; Meusel, I.; Rupprechter, G.; Unterhalt, H.; Freund, H.-J. J. Mol. Catal. A, 2000, 162, Bonn, M.; Hess, C.; Funk, S.; Miners, J. H.; Perssen, B. N. J.; Wolf, M.; Ertl, G. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 84, Wang, C.-Y.; Groenzin, H.; Shultz, M. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, (a) Chen, X.; Wang, J.; Sniadecki, J. J.; Even, M. A.; Chen, Z. Langmuir, 2005, 21, (b) Wang, J.; Clarke, M. L.; Chen, X.; Even, M. A.; Johnson, W. C.; Chen, Z. Surf. Sci. 2005, 587, 1. (c) Cheng, X.; Canavan, H. E.; Stein, M. J.; Hull, J. R.; Kweskin, S. J.; Wagner, M. W.; Somorjai, G. A.; Castner, D. G.; Ratner, B. D. Langmuir, 2005, 21, (a) Humbert, C.; Busson, B.; Abid, J.-P.; Six, C.; Girault, H. H.; A. Tadjeddine, A. Electrochim. Acta 2005, 50, (b) Kudelski, A. Vib. Spect. 2005, 39, 200. (c) Zhang, H.; Romero, C.; Baldelli, S. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, (a) Bordenyuk, A. N.; Jayathilake, H.; Benderskii, A. V. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, (b) Holman, J.; Davies, P. B.; Nishida, T.; Ye, S.; Neivandt, D. J. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, (a) McCall, S. J.; Davies, P. B.; Neivandt, D. J. J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, (b) Yeganeh, M. S.; Dougal, S. M.; Silbernagel, B. G. Langmuir, 2006, 22, Schaller, R. D.; Johnson, J. C.; Wilson, K. S.; Lee, L. F.; Haber, L. H.; Saykally, R. J. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, (a) Mani, A. A.; Dressen, L.; Humbert, C.; Hollander, P.; Caudano, Y.; Thiry, P. A.; Peremans, A. Surf. Sci. 2002, , 261. (b) Raschke, M. B.; Hayashi, M.; Lin, S. H.; Shen, Y. R. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2002, 359, Journal of the Korean Chemical Society

11 t w w - w Ÿ (c) Ishibashi T.-A.; Onishi, H. Chem. Lett. 2004, 33, (a) Simpson, G. J. ChemPhysChem 2004, 5, (b) Fischer P.; Hache, F. Chirality, 2005, 17, 421. (c) Belkin M. A.; Shen, Y. R. Internat. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2005, 24, 257. (d) Ji, N.; Zhang, K.; Yang, H.; Shen, Y. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, Hore, D. K.; Beaman, D. K.; Parks, D. H.; Richmond, G. L. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, Lambert, A. G.; Davies, P. B.; Neivandt, D. J. Appl. Spect. Rev. 2005, 40, Hirose, C.; Akamatsu, N.; Domen, K. Appl. Spect. 1992, 46, Morita, A.; Hynes, J. T. Chem. Phys. 2000, 258, (a) Pouthier, V.; Hoang, P. N. M.; Girardet, C. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 110, (b) Morita, A.; Hynes, J. T. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 673. (c) Morita, A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, Cho, M. J. Chem. Phys. 2002, 116, 1562.

19(1) 02.fm

19(1) 02.fm Korean J. Crystallography Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.7~13, 2008 Ÿ (ICISS) w š t w (2): t w y w œw Surface Structure Analysis of Solids by Impact Collision Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (2): Atomic Structure of Semiconductor

More information

50(1)-09.fm

50(1)-09.fm 2006, Vol. 50, No. 1 Printed in the Republic of Korea 언빨래가마르는현상에대한중등학교화학전공교사들의인식조사 ½x Á» Á½ # Á x* w w yw y š w w # w w (2005. 5. 11 ) A Research of Secondary School Chemistry Major Teachers Perceptions

More information

69-1(p.1-27).fm

69-1(p.1-27).fm 99 A 380 B 787 : wœ z w * w w wœ» A380 B787 wœ» w. wœ» ww r. w wœ» p j y w r» w. I. II. z III. A380 B787 IV. A380 V. wœ» : x VI. z VII. I. A380 B787»ƒ z wœ w, w w p j w w ƒ r. t wœ w ƒ w w wœ» š œm wš,

More information

49(6)-06.fm

49(6)-06.fm Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2005, Vol. 49, No. 6 Printed in the Republic of Korea 중학교과학교과서불꽃반응실험에서선스펙트럼관찰의문제점분석및개선연구 ½ Á Á * w w yw (2005. 10. 4 ) An Analysis and Improvement of the Line Spectrum

More information

605.fm

605.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 19, No. 6, 2008 y k y p w sƒ Care-giver s Needs and Evaluation on the Actual Condition of the Playgrounds in Child Care Facilities y* Choi, Mock-Wha x **

More information

10(3)-09.fm

10(3)-09.fm w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½

More information

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University

More information

26(3D)-17.fm

26(3D)-17.fm 26ƒ 3D Á 2006 5œ pp. ~ ª y w qp yw k d Predictive Equation of Dynamic Modulus for Hot Mix Asphalt with Granite Aggregates yá½x Á Lee, Kwan-HoÁKim, Hyun-OÁJang, Min-Seok Abstract The presented work provided

More information

< DC1A4C3A5B5BFC7E22E666D>

< DC1A4C3A5B5BFC7E22E666D> ¼ (Jeong, Jung Chae)*, ý (Kim, Yoon Soo), (Shin, Woo Young), Þ Ñ (Park, Jong Man) ò ý ƒ Ð (Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology) (Shin, Jae-Heyg) Š æ (Ministry of Knowledge Economy) 1. :

More information

50(5)-07.fm

50(5)-07.fm Printed in the Republic of Korea w 3w yû x w w w Á x* w w w yw (2006. 3. 14 ) A research of the Difference in Teaching Styles and Understanding of 9 th Grade Students About Lead-iodide Precipitation Reaction

More information

18211.fm

18211.fm J. of the Korean Sensors Society Vol. 18, No. 2 (2009) pp. 168 172 p k ù p p l xá xá ³ Á *Á w * Fabrication of the CNT-FET biosensors with a double-gate structure Byunghyun Cho, Byounghyun Lim, Jang-Kyoo

More information

11(5)-12(09-10)p fm

11(5)-12(09-10)p fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 11«5y, 2009 Vol. 11, No. 5, pp.799-807(2009) w w * k ƒm w pg p w, ƒm w q w A Qualitative Research on Pursuing Image and Appearance Management Behavior of Brides Eun-Joo Bae

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

9(3)-4(p ).fm

9(3)-4(p ).fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 9«3y, 2007 Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.319-326(2007) w xk x p w q w Analysis of Foot Characteristics According to the Classification of Foot Types of Junior High School Girls Ji-Young

More information

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and

More information

304.fm

304.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 3, 2009 yw s w - û - A Study on the Planning of Improved-Hanok - Focused on Jeon-Nam Province - y* ** z*** **** Kang, Man-Ho Lee, Woo-Won Jeong, Hun

More information

50(6)-09.fm

50(6)-09.fm Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 6, Vol. 5, No. 6 Printed in the Republic of Korea w Polyacrylamide y ½ û * w yw (6. 9. 1 Thixotropic Properties of Polyacrylamide Hydrogels with Various Synthetic

More information

16(5)-04(61).fm

16(5)-04(61).fm Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.326 ƒ w Fe œ w Cu wy SPS (II) II. w SPS p ½ *Á½ Á½{ a Á½ š b w œw, a w» gœ, b y œ Production of Fe Amorphous Powders by Gas-Atomization

More information

07.051~058(345).fm

07.051~058(345).fm w wz 8«3y 2008 6 pp. 51 ~ 58 m qp yp š w k sƒ Evaluation of Dynamic Modulus based on Aged Asphalt Binder y*á **Á***Á**** Lee, Kwan-HoÁCho, Kyung-RaeÁLee, Byung-SikÁSong, Yong-Seon Abstract Development

More information

50(4)-10.fm

50(4)-10.fm 2006, Vol. 50, No. 4 Printed in the Republic of Korea 칼코겐이도핑된망간산화물의저온합성연구 k Á z Á, *Áy, * y w ù w yw x ù l w» ww (2006. 7. 13 ) Chimie Douce Synthesis of Chalcogen-Doped Manganese Oxides Seung Tae Lim,GDae

More information

12(3) 10.fm

12(3) 10.fm KIGAS Vol. 12, No. 3, September, 2008 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) ü LP ƒ š Database w š Á Á½z w ywœw (2008 6 10, 2008 8 12 (1 ), 2008 9 5 (2 ), 2008 9 5 k) Constructing a Database Structure

More information

82-01.fm

82-01.fm w y wz 8«( 2y) 57~61, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis p w w Á Á w w» y l Analysis of Influence Factors and Corrosion Characteristics of Water-pipe in Potable Water System Jae Seong

More information

16(5)-03(56).fm

16(5)-03(56).fm Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.316 ƒ w Fe œ w Cu wy SPS (I) I. ƒ wy y Á xá½ Á½ *Á½{ a w œw, a w» gœ Production of Fe Amorphous Powders by Gas-atomization Process

More information

[ 화학 ] 과학고 R&E 결과보고서 나노입자의표면증강을이용한 태양전지의효율증가 연구기간 : ~ 연구책임자 : 김주래 ( 서울과학고물리화학과 ) 지도교사 : 참여학생 : 원승환 ( 서울과학고 2학년 ) 이윤재 ( 서울과학고 2학년 ) 임종

[ 화학 ] 과학고 R&E 결과보고서 나노입자의표면증강을이용한 태양전지의효율증가 연구기간 : ~ 연구책임자 : 김주래 ( 서울과학고물리화학과 ) 지도교사 : 참여학생 : 원승환 ( 서울과학고 2학년 ) 이윤재 ( 서울과학고 2학년 ) 임종 [ 화학 ] 과학고 R&E 결과보고서 나노입자의표면증강을이용한 태양전지의효율증가 연구기간 : 2013. 3 ~ 2013. 12 연구책임자 : 김주래 ( 서울과학고물리화학과 ) 지도교사 : 참여학생 : 원승환 ( 서울과학고 2학년 ) 이윤재 ( 서울과학고 2학년 ) 임종찬 ( 서울과학고 2학년 ) 소재원 ( 서울과학고 2학년 ) 1,.,.,.... surface

More information

<30332DB9E8B0E6BCAE2E666D>

<30332DB9E8B0E6BCAE2E666D> kœw» y w k p y w k» z wš ye z w mdkqvqrg üœ» y» Ÿ w kœwgeqgpikpggtkpiy glj GEQVGEJPQNQI[ œw w k w yz š y j œ w m w y ˆ mw y» kœ w k û ³ y ƒ ƒ» ƒ w œw w w y ƒƒ» k z w» %NGCP 9CVGT #EV wšw y ù» œ w w w t

More information

82.fm

82.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 524~528, 2007. Determination of Critical Chloride Content of Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete by Linear Polarization Technique Hong-Sam Kim, Hai-Moon

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 436-443, 2005,1"$ w Q) t p z Á 1w w œw 2 w œ yw Effects of surface properties and solution ph on the pollutants removal of

More information

10(3)-12.fm

10(3)-12.fm w y wz 10«3y 273~280 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment p yá xá½k w y œw (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Analysis of Characteristics of Delivered Nonpoint Source Pollution at Forested Watershed

More information

한 fm

한 fm Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society, Volume 19, Number 6, December 2009 DOI: 10.4283/JKMS.2009.19.6.203 BaTi 0.5 Co 0.5 Fe 11 O 19 Mx r p Ka- q p ½ Á½ w, œw, w», 12, 361-763 (2009 8 4, 2009 9 10, 2009

More information

50(6)-03.fm

50(6)-03.fm Journal of the Korean Chemical Society Printed in the Republic of Korea w yw w w ½ Á Áw Á k * w yw w w w w w (2006. 8. 9 ) Relationship between Conceptual Understanding and Mapping Errors Induced in Learning

More information

17.393~400(11-033).fm

17.393~400(11-033).fm Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 393~400, June, 2011 GGGGG DOI 10.4334/JKCI.2011.23.3.393 x RC { sƒ y y 1) *Á½ 1) Á 2) 1) y w œw 2) w œw Bond Strength Evaluation of RC Beams

More information

untitled

untitled 6ƒ 3A Á 006 5œ pp. 497 ~ 5 ª sƒ w k w w Improved Modal Pushover Analysis of Multi-span Continuous Bridge Structures z Áy Á½ Kwak, Hyo-GyoungÁHong, Seong JinÁKim, Young Sang Abstract In this paper, a simple

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric

More information

41(6)-09(김창일).fm

41(6)-09(김창일).fm 269 Ar v Na 0.5 K 0.5 NbO 3 t ½ t,, ½ w,, ½ w»œw Surface Reaction of Na 0.5 K 0.5 NbO 3 Thin Films in Inductively Coupled Ar Plasma w t œwz J. Kor. Inst. Surf. Eng. Vol. 41, No. 6, 2008. < > Dong-Pyo Kim,

More information

82-02.fm

82-02.fm w y wz 8«( 2y) 00~00, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis Calix[6]arene w k š w *Á x Á Á«ƒm w yw, *w w yw Cesium Ion Selective Solid Contact Electrodes Based on Calix[6]arene Won-sik

More information

51(4)-13.fm

51(4)-13.fm Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2007, Vol. 51, No. 4 Printed in the Republic of Korea w x - w y *Á š w w w yw (2007. 3. 28 ) Case Study on Verbal Interactions of Teacher-Small Group StudentsG in

More information

51(2)-09.fm

51(2)-09.fm 2007, Vol. 51, No. 2 Printed in the Republic of Korea xw yw w w» e w z Á Á y Áw # Á k * w yw w w w w w # w w w (2006. 10. 30 ) Influences of Current Education Programs for Preservice Chemistry Teachers

More information

27(5A)-15(5868).fm

27(5A)-15(5868).fm ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 5A Á 2007 9œ pp. 701 ~ 711 ª x 3 k w Radial 3-D Elastodynamic Infinite Elements Á Á½ Seo, Choon-GyoÁYun, Chung-BangÁKim, Jae-Min Abstract This paper presents new three dimensional radial infinite

More information

untitled

untitled ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 2B Á 2007 3œ pp. 193 ~ 199 ª ƒ w d w ƒ sƒ Methodology of Drought Assessment Using National Groundwater Monitoring Network Data «x Á½ Kwon, Hyung JoongÁKim, Seong Joon Abstract The objective

More information

93.fm

93.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 625~630, 2008. Effect of Storage Conditions on the Setting Properties of Brushite Bone Cement Containing Granular β-tricalcium Phosphate Sun-Ae

More information

32(4B)-04(7455).fm

32(4B)-04(7455).fm 32«4ByÁ 2012 7 pp. 233 ~ 242 œ w w w y œ r Estimation of Domestic Water Supply Benefit Using Demand Function Approach ³ Á Á½¼yÁ Yeo, Kyu DongÁYi, Choong SungÁKim, Gil HoÁLee, Sang Won Abstract In the past,

More information

10(3)-10.fm

10(3)-10.fm w y wz 10«3y 259~264 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w gj p p y Á Á½k * w m œw Á* w y œw (2010 9 28, 2010 10 12 k) Characteristics of Antiwashout Underwater Concrete for Reduction

More information

w w l v e p ƒ ü x mw sƒw. ü w v e p p ƒ w ƒ w š (½kz, 2005; ½xy, 2007). ù w l w gv ¾ y w ww.» w v e p p ƒ(½kz, 2008a; ½kz, 2008b) gv w x w x, w mw gv

w w l v e p ƒ ü x mw sƒw. ü w v e p p ƒ w ƒ w š (½kz, 2005; ½xy, 2007). ù w l w gv ¾ y w ww.» w v e p p ƒ(½kz, 2008a; ½kz, 2008b) gv w x w x, w mw gv ª Œª Œ 30ƒ 5A Á 2010 9œ pp. 475 ~ 484 gj p ª v e p p PSC ƒ gv : II. x w Precast Concrete Copings for Precast Segmental PSC Bridge Columns : II. Experiments and Analyses ½kzÁ½ Á zá x Kim, Tae-HoonÁKim,

More information

4.fm

4.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 30~34, 2009. Optimization of Glass Wafer Dicing Process using Sand Blast Won Seo, Young-mo Koo*, Jae-Woong Ko**, and Gusung Kim Department of Electronic

More information

202.fm

202.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 19, No. 2, 2008 w w w w Physical Identities of Bukchon Hanok Area Viewed from Literary Geography * Park, Cheol-Soo "CTUSBDU This study explores the beneficial

More information

14.fm

14.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 93~97, 2007. Preparation of High Purity Si Powder by SHS Chang Yun Shin, Hyun Hong Min, Ki Seok Yun, and Chang Whan Won Engineering Research Center

More information

8(2)-4(p ).fm

8(2)-4(p ).fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 8«2y, 2006 Vol. 8, No. 2, pp.177-182(2006) x w e w 1) Á Ÿ 1) Á»û 2) 1) ƒm w q w 2) w w w The Effect of Media on Taking Plastic Surgery Chong-Hee Yun 1), Su-Kwang Sung 1) and

More information

090119.hwp

090119.hwp 표면물리 분야에서의 전자구조 계산 홍 석 륜 들어가기 - 표면물리 계산분야의 중요성 20세기 말부터 정보통신의 중요성이 크게 인식되면서 그 기반 을 제공하는 반도체소자에 대한 연구가 더욱 중요하게 되었 다. [1,2] 정보통신사회를 지향해 나가고 있는 현대 산업사회에서는 더욱 많은 양의 정보를 더욱 빠른 속도로 처리, 저장, 전달할 필요 성이 증가되어 왔고,

More information

15.101~109(174-하천방재).fm

15.101~109(174-하천방재).fm w wz 8«4y 2008 8 pp. 101 ~ 109 w» m -,, - A Study on Warnning Criteria Investigation of Automated Rainfall Warning System -Focused on Realationship of Water Level, Discharge and Precipitation - Á Á Á Ahn,

More information

27(5A)-07(5806).fm

27(5A)-07(5806).fm ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 5A Á 2007 9œ pp. 753 ~ 758 gj pœw gj p { x A New Test Method for Pure Isotropic Flexural Tensile Strength of Concretes Ÿ Á y Á x Zi, GoangseupÁOh, HongseobÁChoi, Jinhyek Abstract Proposed is

More information

12(2)-04.fm

12(2)-04.fm J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 12, No. 2, pp 106~111(2005) w y y w z œ k üœ» p ½ Á Á Á ³ Á Á½Ÿ w w w, *g», ** w w Effects of Strategies to Improve Indoor Air Quality at Pre-occupancy Stage

More information

한 fm

한 fm Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society, Volume 20, Number 1, February 2010 DOI: 10.4283/JKMS.2010.20.1.18 Vector Network Analyzer w Py œ yáw Á½ yá * w w w, û x 253, 402-751 (2009 19, 2009 12 16, 2009

More information

143.fm

143.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 859~864, 006. FE Analysis of Alumina Green Body Density for Pressure Compaction Process Jong-In Im and Young-Jin Yook Simulation Center for Fine

More information

06.177~184(10-079).fm

06.177~184(10-079).fm Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 177~184, April, 2011 GGGGG DOI 10.4334/JKCI.2011.23.2.177 x w w MRS w p s y 1) Á z 2) Á x 3) * 1) wû w œw 2) w œw 3) w Nonlinear Analysis for

More information

01.01~08(유왕진).fm

01.01~08(유왕진).fm JOURNAL OF KOREA SOCIETY OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. Vol. 14, No. 1 1~8 (2008) s w Á w» w Comparative Study on the Changes and Prospects of Flexible Food Packaging Design Kyung Soo Noh and Wang

More information

14(2) 02.fm

14(2) 02.fm J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp 117~125(2007) w y y w z sm Ÿ š w œ l ³Á½ * w, **w w w Impact of Photosensor Sensitivity on the Control Performance of a Daylight Dimming System

More information

18(3)-10(33).fm

18(3)-10(33).fm Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Vol 18 No 3 011 DOI: 10150/KPMI01118383 e x 5Mg(OH) MgSO 3H O x w MgO NH OH w a báv y aá½xk aá½ aá½ cá½ bá½ a * aw» l bš w œw ck Effect of MgO and NH OH on

More information

untitled

untitled [ ] œwz, 21«6y(2008) J. of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment, Vol. 21, No. 6, (2008) pp. 300~306 š y w p x*, **Á **Áy y* * ** w œ w œw, w» gœ Solid State Diffusion Brazing of the Aluminum Alloy Castings

More information

14.091~100(328-하천방재).fm

14.091~100(328-하천방재).fm w wz 8«4y 2008 8 pp. 91 ~ 100 w w w e x Development of a Numerical Model of Shallow-Water Flow using Cut-cell System ½x Á Á Kim, Hyung-JunÁee, SeungOhÁCho, Yong-Sik Abstract Numerical implementation with

More information

<30352DB1E2C8B9C6AFC1FD2028C8ABB1E2C7F6292036302D36362E687770>

<30352DB1E2C8B9C6AFC1FD2028C8ABB1E2C7F6292036302D36362E687770> 3D 나노-마이크로 프린팅 기술의 현황 홍 기 현 한국기계연구원 부설 재료연구소 표면기술 연구본부 3D Nano-micro Printing Technology Kihyon Hong Korea Institute of Materials Science, Gyeongnam 642-831, Korea Abstract: 최근 3D 프린팅 기술을 이용하여 마이크로, 나노

More information

16(2)-03.fm

16(2)-03.fm Korean J. Crystallography Vol. 16, No. 2, pp.75~80, 2005 LiK 1 x Rb x (x = 0.1, 0.2) ½ ³aÁ½ aá½w bá yc aw» w x, bw» w w, cš w yw Structure Analysis of Mixed Crystals, LiK 1 x Rb x (x = 0.1, 0.2) Jin-Gyu

More information

(163번 이희수).fm

(163번 이희수).fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 323~327, 2011. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2011.48.4.323 Electrical Properties and Temperature Stability of Dysprosium and Erbium Co-doped Barium Titanate

More information

한 fm

한 fm Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society, Volume 19, Number 5, October 2009 DOI: 10.4283/JKMS.2009.19.5.186 Cd 1 x Mn x» Ÿw p y zá yá w w, û 29, 680-749 (2009 7 23, 2009 9 28, 2009 9 30 y ) Bridgman Cd

More information

10(3)-02.fm

10(3)-02.fm w y wz 10«3y 203~211 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w ù p yá k«áyw *Á xá½k w y œw Á* y w (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Characterization of Nonpoint Source Pollutant Loads from the

More information

16(5)-06(58).fm

16(5)-06(58).fm Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2009.16.5.336 y-y w Sm-Fe w ƒ w zá *Á w»» The Effect of Excess Samarium Oxide on the PreparationG of Sm-Fe Alloy Powder by Reduction-diffusion

More information

107.fm

107.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 11, pp. 650~654, 007. Synthesis and Photoactivity of SnO -Doped TiO Thin Films Miewon Jung*, ** and Yunjung Kwak*, ** *Department of Chemistry, Sungshin

More information

00....

00.... Fig. 1 2.5%. 51.5%, 46.0%,.. /, Table 1 (U.V.; Ultraviolet 10-400 nm)/ (NIR; Near Infrared 700 nm - 5 µm) ( TiO 2, WO 3, ZnO, CeO, ATO, Sb 2O 3-ZnO, ITO.) (400 nm - 780 nm). /. Fig. 1.. 23 Table 1. / /

More information

51(2)-06.fm

51(2)-06.fm Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2007, Vol. 51, No. 2 Printed in the Republic of Korea f p ƒ š w er elk yw ½ Á y*» l, w w ywœw (2006. 12. 5 ) Separation of Caffeine and Catechin Compounds from Green

More information

, 66~67dB»e 55dB š 12dBù û»e(65db) w 70~71dB ñ. ù ü»» 35dB(ü), 45dB() r. w» w 1938 œk ³Ø w, 1960 Ø, 1968 ³Ø w. w 1972 ³Ø w w ³ ƒwš, ù y Ø w ³w

, 66~67dB»e 55dB š 12dBù û»e(65db) w 70~71dB ñ. ù ü»» 35dB(ü), 45dB() r. w» w 1938 œk ³Ø w, 1960 Ø, 1968 ³Ø w. w 1972 ³Ø w w ³ ƒwš, ù y Ø w ³w ª Œª Œ 26ƒ 1D Á 2006 1œ pp. 1~11 ª qp md w An Analysis of the Traffic Noise Measurement Plans of Apartment Complexes A Case on the North Riverside Expressway in Seoul Á Kang, Jun MoÁLee, Sung Kyung Abstract

More information

한 fm

한 fm Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society, Volume 19, Number 4, August 2009 r g p p Áy Á 1 w w œw,, 220-702 2 w w w w œw, 220-702 3 w w w w, 140-742 (2009 7 13, 2009 8 21, 2009 8 21 y ) w g (Corning glass)/ta(5

More information

15(2)-07.fm

15(2)-07.fm J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 15, No. 2, pp 145~154(2008) w y y w z 15 «2 y 2008 ³ l w sm ½ Á yáy * w y w, ** w w Recommended Sensitivity of a Fully-shielded Photosensor for a Daylight Dimming

More information

27(5A)-13(5735).fm

27(5A)-13(5735).fm 27ƒ 5A Á 2007 9œ pp. 735 ~ 743 gj p ª w š p w { ³ p Flexural Behavior and Cracking Characteristics of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites according to Fine Aggregate Contents *Á ³x**

More information

<30312DC0CCC7E2B9FC2E666D>

<30312DC0CCC7E2B9FC2E666D> 균류의다양성과역할 이향범 û w œw 머리말 k w š ³ q š yw < Ð >» w ww k w w v š q w Á Á w tyw š 2QKPVKPI CPF *[FG ú ƒ x %QPXGPVKQP QP $KQNQIKECN &KXGTUKV[ %$&» w w ««wš y w» š x ƒ w œ ƒ» ƒ œsw w ³ wš ù š y š ƒ t š ƒ wš»ƒ

More information

16(2)-7(p ).fm

16(2)-7(p ).fm w wz 16«2y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 2. 2006 ü t xy y w tœ ½ BÁ x BC B y w w w C y w w w Current Status and Expectations of Orphan Drugs in Korea -In point of supplying medicines for the rare

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 23, No. 5, 505-510, 2010 kš wk wy»yw ¼ w w yw Electrochemical determination of hydrogen peroxide using carbon paste biosensor bound with

More information

50(6)-07.fm

50(6)-07.fm Printed in the Republic of Korea laser ablation w ù Á * w w w yw (2006. 8. 28 ) Preparation of Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation of Dispersed Powder in Solution Youngkeun Chung and Weekyung Kang* Department

More information

416.fm

416.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 4, 2009 œ qp œ y An Analysis of Change on the Apartment Unit Plans and the Interior Spaces Related to Women * Choi, ByungSook ** Park, JungA "CTUSBDU

More information

38(6)-01.fm

38(6)-01.fm y, 38«, 6y, 699-705, 2005 Econ. Environ. Geol., 38(6), 699-705, 2005 t sÿ y xk 1 Á s 2Á z 1 Á½ 1 Á e 3 1 w y w,» w, 2w y w, 3š w y w Chemical Speciation of Heavy Metals in Geologic Environments on the

More information

10.063~070(B04_윤성식).fm

10.063~070(B04_윤성식).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 63-70 Mg-3%Al-1%Zn w ƒœ» y Á x*á **Á Á w œw *w s l I ûer ** t Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

More information

15.fm

15.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 98~102, 2007. Effect of Recycling Time on Stability of Colloidal Silica Slurry and Removal Rate in Silicon Wafer Polishing Eun-Suck Choi and So-Ik

More information

fm

fm ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 6D Á 2007 11œ pp. 809~817 ˆ «~ ª m y d w» A Modified Technique for Prediction of Future Land Use Change Á½ Lee, Yong JunÁKim, Seong Joon Abstract The purpose of this study is to suggest a prediction

More information

64.fm

64.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 7, pp. 375~380, 2007. Tribological Properties of Carbon Layers Produced by High Temperature Chlorination in Comparison with DLC Coating Hyun-Ju Choi,

More information

3-15(3)-05(이주희).fm

3-15(3)-05(이주희).fm w CAD/CAM wz 15«3y 2010 6 pp. 189-203 œ w w *, **, x***, v ** The Conceptual Design of Semi-submersible Type Mobile Harbor Using Axiomatic Design Principles Joohee Lee*, Seongjin Yoon**, Hyun Chung***

More information

14(4) 09.fm

14(4) 09.fm J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 4, pp 343~350(2007) w y y w z 14 «4 y 2007 yw» l s p»xá ³ *w w w œw, **w w w The Property of Pressure Distribution of Hybrid Underfloor Air Distribution

More information

26(2)-04(손정국).fm

26(2)-04(손정국).fm Ñ s k w 1Á y 2 Á û 1 Á½ z 1 Á½ 1* 1 ³ w yw, 2 w» (*E-mail: jimankim@skku.edu) 1. m ƒ w»» w 4»» y š. w 4»» l, l, l w» w» k. w»» { ƒ j. x š x w ƒwš k (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell: DMFC)[1]ƒ wù ƒ w š. DMFC

More information

w wƒ ƒw xù x mw w w w w. x¾ w s³ w» w ƒ z š œ Darcy-Weisbach œ w ù, ù f Reynolds (ε/d) w w» rw rw. w w š w tx x w. h L = f --- l V 2 Darcy Weisbach d

w wƒ ƒw xù x mw w w w w. x¾ w s³ w» w ƒ z š œ Darcy-Weisbach œ w ù, ù f Reynolds (ε/d) w w» rw rw. w w š w tx x w. h L = f --- l V 2 Darcy Weisbach d ª Œª Œ 29ƒ 4B Á 2009 7œ pp. 357 ~ 363 ª pv w ü s w A Study on The Velocity Distribution in Closed Conduit by Using The Entropy Concept kyáeá½á Choo, Tai HoÁOk, Chi YoulÁKim, Jin WonÁMaeng, Seung Jin Abstract

More information

29(4)-07(김봉채).fm

29(4)-07(김봉채).fm Vol. 29(4):311-316 Ocean and Polar Research December 2007 Note»» w q w d ½ * Á½ ûá y w w w y (425-600)» w 29y Measurement of Low-Frequency Ocean Noise by a Self-Recording Hydrophone Bong-Chae Kim *, Byoung-Nam

More information

69-1(p.1-27).fm

69-1(p.1-27).fm 28 wœ p y mw š * x yw x mw šƒ w ƒ š w x ƒ y y mw œw w w x v w š w. x mw w p j wš y y w ù wœ p y mw yw w ƒ w. I. II. wœ ü wœ xy III. wœp y mw š IV. I. 1. e w ƒ e w s x y e š p š w v. w x yw x mw šƒ w ƒ.

More information

84-01.fm

84-01.fm w y wz 8«( 4y) 00~00, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis HPLC f y e t p»wá½»x w y w»y Detection Characteristics of a HPLC Method on Carbonyl-DNPH Derivatives in Relation with Column

More information

02-47(2)-08(조현태).fm

02-47(2)-08(조현태).fm w œwz, 47«2y 2010 Textile Science and Engineering Vol 47, No 2, 2010 PET xk Á x w» Áq œw (2010 1 23 /2010 4 9 k) Dyeing Behaviors of a Disperse Dye on Ultra-micro PET Fibers Hyeon Tae Cho and Hun Lee Department

More information

fm

fm [ ] w wz Kor. J. Mater. Res. Vol. 17, No. 3 (2007) Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu/OSP 무연솔더접합계면의접합강도변화에따른전자부품열충격싸이클최적화 y Á½{ *Á Á½Ÿ * t sƒ l *w wœ w wœ œw Thermal Shock Cycles Optimization of Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu/OSP Solder

More information

8(3)-15(p ).fm

8(3)-15(p ).fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 8«3y, 2006 Vol. 8, No. 3, pp.357-362(2006) w p k sƒ ½ Á Á w w w A Study on the Mechanical and Hand Properties of the Lining Fabrics Myung-Ok Kim, Mi-Kyung Uh and Myung-Ja

More information

415.fm

415.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 4, 2009 xw z œ p w A Study on the Spatial Characteristics of the Concept of Non-sedentary in Contemporary Multi-housing Planning ½ * Kim, Mi-Kyoung

More information

9(2)-12(p ).fm

9(2)-12(p ).fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 9«2y, 2007 Vol. 9, No. 2, pp.167-175(2007) 30 q q f œ w q œw œ Transition of Fashion Trends and Fashion Colors in Recent 30 Years Kyung-Hee Lee Dept. of Textile & Fashion

More information

07.045~051(D04_신상욱).fm

07.045~051(D04_신상욱).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 45-51 f m s p» w Á xá zá Ÿ Á w m œw Image Retrieval Based on Gray Scale Histogram Refinement and Horizontal Edge Features Sang-Uk Shin,

More information

11(5)-7(09-37)p fm

11(5)-7(09-37)p fm w wz J Kor Soc Cloth Ind 11«y 009 Vol 11 No pp73-763009) Ášw k ÁÁ w w Comparison of Actual Status and Satisfaction of School Uniform between Middle and High School Students Ji-Min Lee Jeong-Ran Lee and

More information

3.fm

3.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 12~17, 2007. A Study on the Preparation of Bone Ash and Celadon Bone Body Using Pig Bone Jae-Jin Jeong, Sang-Hee Lee, Yong-Seok Lee,* and Byung-Ha

More information

( )-83.fm

( )-83.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 0~5, 011. DOI:10.191/KCERS.011.8.1.00 Solidification of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnesia-phosphate Cement HunG Choi, Hyun Ju Kang, Myung Shin Song,

More information

< C0E5BFC1C0E72E666D>

< C0E5BFC1C0E72E666D> w wz 9«4y 2009 8 pp. 0 ~ 0 지역회귀분석을이용한홍수피해위험도산정 Flood Risk Estimation Using Regional Regression Analysis 장옥재 * 김영오 ** Jang, Ock-Jae ½ Kim, Young-Oh Abstract Although desire for living without hazardous

More information