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1 w œwz, 47«2y 2010 Textile Sciece ad Egieerig Vl. 47, N. 2, 2010 ù 6 p y ½x Á½ 1 Á½ y û w q w, 1 ( ) l ( / k) Chai Extesi f Recycled Nyl 6 ad Their Prperty Chages Hyug Gue Kim, Dae Sup Kim 1, ad J H Kim Schl f Textiles, Yeugam Uiversity, Gyegsa , Krea 1 Ace Digitech C., Ltd., Chegw , Krea (Received Jauary 15, 2010/Accepted April 14, 2010) Abstract: Nyl 6 chips recycled frm waste fishig ets were extruded thrugh filters f varius mesh sizes (150:100 µm, 250:60 µm, 325:40 µm, 400:30 µm) ad subsequetly chai extedig reacti was carried ut thrugh melt-cmpudig with chai exteders, 2,2'-bis(2-xazlie) (BOZ) ad hexamethylee 1,6-dicarbamyl dicaprlactam (HDC). The resultat chages i ash ctet, mlecular weight ad crystallizati behavir i the mdified yl 6 samples were ivestigated frm themgravimetric aalysis, itrisic viscsity measuremet, ed grup titrati, ad differetial scaig calrimetry, respectively. The thermal degradati kietics were studied usig a cvetial thermgravimetric aalysis at heatig rates f 10, 20, 30, ad 40 C/mi. Thermgravimetric curves ad their derivatives were aalyzed usig varius aalytical methds t determie the kietic parameters fr the thermal degradati f the mdified yl 6. Keywrds: yl 6, recyclig, chai extesi, thermal degradati, melt filterig 1. ù v, x xk w š p w, p ù 6 sd, ü š k, ùw š f p, v p wš. š s» z wƒ» y ü. w s» w, ³ w. y ƒ w y w ƒ. w š v w w ƒ» ƒ¾. w z wš w w ƒ. s ù swwš Crrespdece t J H Kim (j@yu.ac.kr) 2010 The Krea Fiber Sciety /2010-2/ y ƒ š. w ù w w e œ w»» ü e scree pack w wš. w w s ù ƒ w, Ÿ w, w, g w mw wƒ w» s ù j w y w w. s ù w ü w. ƒ s ù y s ù z fq w mw ¾ z w w. ù e»» w š ¼ k k. ƒ x w š, { ƒ ƒ š w. x x e» ƒ š bis(epxides)[1], bis(cyclic 117

2 118 ½x Á½ Á½ y carbxylic ahydride)[2], bisxazies[3], bisxazlies[4-7]» ƒ š bis (xazlies)[8-10], bis-caprlactam[11].» ƒ ù ƒƒ yww w j z [12]. s wš w y ù 6 e vl mesh j» w wš» ƒƒ e g ù 6 w, w œ p sƒwš w š w. 2. x 2.1. y ù 6(R-Ny6) s w mw, 2,2'-bis(2-xazlie) (BOZ) (TCI C., Japa) hexamethylee 1,6-dicarbamyl dicaprlactam(hdc) w. HDC ε-ev k w p p(tci C., Japa) w w w [13]. d kj (Duksa Pure Chem. C., Krea) w,» yùp (Jusei Chemical C., Japa), 0.1 N HCl(Duksa Pure Chem. C., Krea), r (Duksa Pure Chem. C., Krea), g(kat Chemical C., Japa), j s (Duksa Pure Chem. C., Krea) r, p (Duksa Pure Chem. C., Krea) w R-Ny6 e œ mw ƒƒ 250, 250/150, 325/150 š 400/150 mesh m g ù 6 e(f-ny6) w. 240 C screw 468 rpm š w ww. y w» w»(tga, SDT Q-600, TA Istrumets) w 30 ml/mi» w 10 C/mi 30 C 600 C¾ d w ash ctet(%) y w w F-Ny6 mixig chamber 260 C» w 30 rpm 10 g d k R-Ny6 F-Ny6 e š š kj 0.1~0.75(g/dl) y j Ubbelhde w 25 C d w y 0% w w. ƒ e š Mark-Huwik s³ y w [14]. [ η] = K( M a ) K: a: » e» w ƒƒ 0.2 g w 10 ml g ƒwš 210 C 150 ƒ w w g. w z 25 C 15 þ k 10 ml j s ƒw v w. r (0.1% g ) w 0.1 N yùp g w.» w ƒƒ 1g w r k v 7/3 yw 30 w k z þƒ g v w. p (0.1% k ) w š, 0.02 N HCl k w. z» w w.» (eq/10 6 ( a b) N g) = a: v (µl) b: blak (µl) N: w (eq/l) W: ù 6 (g) 2.6. p F-Ny6 p š w» w (Differetial Scaig Calrimeter, DSC) (TA Istrumet 2010, Du Pt, USA) w. ƒƒ 2~3 mg q w» w 20 C/mi 250 C¾ jš 5 k w z þ g. 10 C/mi 0 C 250 C¾ k z 10 C/mi 0 C¾ gš, š l (T m ), y (T c ) w w p F-Ny6 w p y š w» w TGA w. 30 ml/mi W w œwz, 47«2y 2010

3 재생 나일론 의 사슬연장반응 및 그 특성 변화 6 질소 기류하에 승온속도 각각 10, 20, 30 및 40 C/mi으로 유지하고, 30 C에서 650 C까지 측정하여 각각의 열분해 반응에서 나타나는 시료의 미소 무게 변화를 연속적으로 기록한 후 다양한 방법으로 열분해 반응을 조사하였다. 3. 결과 및 고찰 용융여과 효과 Figure 1은 실험에 사용된 각각의 mesh를 광학현미경으 로 확대한 사진이다. Figure 2는 mesh의 종류에 따른 열중 량곡선을 나타낸 것으로 그림에서 보면 mesh 크기가 작아 질수록 ash ctet(%)가 감소하였다. 이것은 R-Ny6 칩 속 에 함유되어 있는 불순물이 mesh를 통과하면서 여과되었 기 때문인 것으로 보인다 Figure 1. Optical micrscpe images ( 200) f varius mesh; (a) 150 mesh (100 µm), (b) 250 mesh (60 µm), (c) 325 mesh (40 µm), ad (d) 400 mesh (30 µm). 분자량 변화 은 실험에 사용된 사슬연장제와 F-Ny6의 사슬 연장반응을 나타낸다. Figure 3은 mesh와 사슬연장제의 종 류에 따른 F-Ny6 시료의 고유점성도를 나타낸 것이다. 전 체적으로 F-Ny6 시료의 고유점성도는 사슬연장제를 첨가 함에 따라 증가하였는데, 사슬연장의 효과는 BOZ보다 HDC 가 더 큰 것으로 나타났고, mesh 크기가 작을수록 분자량 이 더 높아졌다. 특히 BOZ와 HDC를 혼합하여 첨가하였 을 때 고유점성도가 크게 증가함을 보였다. R-Ny6 칩에 함 유되어 있는 불순물을 여과하기 위하여 다양한 mesh 크기 로 재압출한 F-Ny6의 경우 고유점성도가 낮아졌는데, 이 는 재 압출과정에서 열분해와 가수분해 등에 의해서 분자 의 분해가 일어나기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 그리고 사슬연 장제의 첨가 없이 용융시킬 경우 R-Ny6보다 F-Ny6의 고 유점성도가 더 크게 증가하였다. 이것은 분해에 의해 카르 복시기와 아민기들의 농도가 높아져 재용융과정에서 열적 분해반응 보다 축합중합반응이 더 우세하게 나타나기 때문 3.2. Scheme 1 Figure 2. TGA thermgrams fr R-Ny6 melt-cmpuded with varius mesh sizes. Scheme 1. Chai extesi reactis f yl 6 usig BOZ ad HDC. Textile Sciece ad Egieerig, Vl. 47, N. 2,

4 120 ½x Á½ Á½ y Table 1. Ed grup ctet with varius chai exteders (400/150 mesh) Ed grup R-Ny6 F-Ny6 Ctrl BOZ HDC BOZ+HDC Carbxyl ctet (eq/10 6 g) Amie ctet (eq/10 6 g) Figure 3. Chages i itrisic viscsity f melt-cmpuded F-Ny6 with varius chai exteders thrugh differet mesh sizes.. š l w s³ 17,700 g/ml R-Ny6ƒ BOZ z 20,600 g/ ml, HDC z 24,700 g/ml, š BOZ HDC z 30,300 g/ml¾ w z ƒ w ùkü. 3.3.» y Table 1 ƒ 400/150 mesh F-Ny6» e»» y ùkü. F-Ny6 R-Ny6 e» ƒ ùkû. wƒ ù ƒ ƒw q. BOZ w e» ƒ w w š» y j ùkû. HDC w e» y,» w ùkû. BOZ HDC yww ƒw e»» ƒ w ù kû. Figure 3 BOZ HDC w š ƒ ƒ j ƒw ew p Figure 4 F-Ny6 y w» w DSC š. Figure 4(a), Figure 4. DSC thermgrams fr F-Ny6 (400/150 mesh) meltcmpuded with varius chai exteders; (a) heatig ad (b) clig. BOZ ƒw wš z F-Ny6 w û. w yw ³e w ù» [15]. BOZ z ƒ š HDC w û» w e ƒ. Figure 4(b) F-Ny6 y ƒ z. y ƒ ƒw ùkü. y y w w» x ƒ w» wš w y ƒ ƒw. w œwz, 47«2y 2010

5 ù 6 p y 121 Figure 5. TGA curves f F-Ny6 (400/150 mesh) melt-cmpuded with chai exteders at varius heatig rates; (a) F-Ny6, (b) BOZ, (c) HDC, ad (d) BOZ+HDC. Figure 6. DTG curves f F-Ny6 (400/150 mesh) melt-cmpuded with chai exteders at varius heatig rates; (a) F-Ny6, (b) BOZ, (c) HDC, ad (d) BOZ+HDC. Textile Sciece ad Egieerig, Vl. 47, N. 2, 2010

6 122 ½x Á½ Á½ y 3.5. w p 4ƒ w d w F-Ny6 š Figure 5 ùkü. ƒ ƒ ƒw F-Ny6 wƒ wƒ ƒ, w x ƒ ƒ x w q [16,17]. ƒƒ w F-Ny6 w yƒ y y (dα/dt) e w Figure 6 ùkü. ƒ ƒ ƒw y y ƒw, ƒ ƒw y y š wù ùkùš. l w F-Ny6 w w w» û y w [17]. w w F-Ny6 w p w w. w y w Arrheius xk ƒ w ùký. dα A( 1 α) E = exp dt RT», A (frequecy factr), α y, E y y (kj/ml),, R» ù kü, T t (K) (mi) ƒƒ ùkü., Kissiger [18] mw w ƒ (Tm) y y (1) l xƒ β (K/mi) w (2) ùký. dα = ( A/β)exp E/RT dt ( )( 1 α) y d 2 α/d 2 T =0 Tm wš, (2) l (3). E A = -- exp E/RT 2 RT m 1 αm β m ( ) 1 ( ) w 1 ƒ w. ( ) 2 dl β/t m E = R d( 1/T m ) 2 lβ/t m 1/Tm Figure 7 ùkü,»» l y y w. w (1) (2) (3) (4) Figure 7. Kissiger plts f F-Ny6 (400/150 mesh) meltcmpuded with varius chai exteders. Kissiger w, w 1 ƒ ƒ w ƒ 1 j ù w š w w. wr, Friedma [19] ƒ š l y w w w w, (1) w ùký. l α = la 1 α ( ) E RT d dt (5) l w y w ƒ w l(dα/dt) 1/T w»» l ƒ y y y w. w r la( 1 α) (6) ùký. ( ) = la+ l( 1 α) la 1 α ƒ y r l (6) la( 1 α) l( 1 α) w»» l w. Figure 8 (5) mw 1/T l(dα /dt) w xyw»» E/R l y y w. ƒƒ y y y Figure 9 ùkü., Ozawa [20] ƒ y l y y w. A, Eƒ α A, ( 1 α), Eƒ w ƒ l w, w w (7). lgf x ( ) = lg AE lgβ R + lgp E RT (5) (6) (7) w œwz, 47«2y 2010

7 ù 6 p y 123 Figure 8. Friedma plts f F-Ny6 (400/150 mesh) melt-cmpuded with varius chai exteders; (a) F-Ny6, (b) BOZ (c) HDC, ad (d) BOZ+HDC. Figure 9. Activati eergy chages f yls up cversi accrdig t the Friedma methd. Dyle[21] E/RT 20 lgp(e/rt)ƒ y w. lgp E E RT RT (7). (8) lgf( x) lg AE R lgβ E RT», w y w lgβ 1/T w»» l y y w. Figure 10 (9) mw lgβ 1/T w xyw»» E/R l y y w, ƒƒ y y y Figure 11 ùkü. Table 2 w w ù kü. Table 2 ùkù 3ƒ s³ y y mw ƒw. ù» w ƒ y,»ƒ š,»ƒ w w» j ƒ y y ùkü. š (1) mw (1 α) w 1 ù» y y ƒ dα/dt û. Table 2 Friedma mw w mw ƒw (9) Textile Sciece ad Egieerig, Vl. 47, N. 2, 2010

8 124 ½x Á½ Á½ y Figure 10. Ozawa plts f F-Ny6 (400/150 mesh) melt-cmpuded with varius chai exteders; (a) F-Ny6, (b) BOZ, (c) HDC, ad (d) BOZ+HDC. Figure 11. Activati eergy chage with reacti cversi accrdig t the Ozawa methd.. wƒ w w. 4. s w mw y ù 6 e w mesh j» k z w ƒ p w. w j» mesh w w mesh j» ƒ ash ctet w z ùkü. BOZ HDCƒ w, BOZ HDC yww g ƒ j Table 2. Kietic parameters determied by varius aalytical methds Methd Ea (kj/ml) F-Ny6 BOZ HOC BOZ+HOC l(a) (mi 1 ) Ea (kj/ml) l(a) (mi 1 ) Ea (kj/ml) l(a) (mi 1 ) Ea (kj/ml) w œwz, 47«2y 2010 l(a) (mi 1 ) Kissiger Friedma a a a a Ozawa a a a a - - a: average value, b: assumed value.

9 ù 6 p y 125 ƒw š, mesh j»ƒ z f.» BOZ g e» ƒ j w š, HDC g» ƒ j w ù, BOZ HDC w» j w š ew. F-Ny6(400 mesh) BOZ g wš ù 6 û, y w w ùkü. w TGA d w ƒƒ Kissiger, Friedma, Ozawa w w, w w w y y ƒ ƒw y w. :» x (RTI ) w. š x 1. Z. Y. Qia, X. Che, J. Xu, ad B. H. Gu, Chai Extesi f PA1010 by Reactive Extrusi by Diepxide 711 ad Diepxide TDE85 as Chai Exteders, J Appl Plym Sci, 2004, 94, F. L. Cai, D. S. Zhag, J. Zhag, N. D. Feg, ad S. W. Ha, Study Chai Extesi Reacti f Plyester, Plyester Id, 1994, 2, A. Duhi ad A. Fradet, Study f Bulk Chai Cuplig Reactis. III. Reacti betwee Bisxazlies r Bisxazlies ad Carbxy-termiated Oligmers, J Plym Sci, Part A: Plym Chem, 1995, 33, H. Iata ad S. Matsumura, Chai Exteders fr Plyesters. I. Additi-type Chai Exteders Reactive with Carbxyl Ed Grups f Plyesters, J Appl Plym Sci, 1985, 30, H. Iata ad S. Matsumura, Chai Exteders fr Plyesters. II. Reactivities f Carbxyl-additi-type Chai Exteders; Bis Cyclic-imi-ethers, J Appl Plym Sci, 1986, 32, H. Iata ad S. Matsumura, Chai Exteders fr Plyesters. IV. Prperties f the Plyesters Chai-exteded by 2,2'-bis(2- xazlie), J Appl Plym Sci, 1987, 33, H. Iata ad S. Matsumura, Chai Exteders fr Plyesters. Prperties f the Plyesters Chai Exteded by 2,2'-bis(4H- 3,1-bezxazie), J Appl Plym Sci, 1987, 34, L. Herve ad F. Alai, Chai-cuplig Reacti f Amietermiated Oligmers by Bis(4-msubstituted-5(4H) xazlies), Macrml Chem Phys, 1998, 199, M. Aceved ad A. J. Fradet, Study f Bulk Chai Cuplig ReactisU II. Reacti betwee Bisxazles ad Amie-termiated Plyether: Sythesis f Plyether-blckplyamides, J Plym Sci, Part A: Plym Chem, 1993, 31, H. Lefebvre ad A. Fradet, Bis[4-msubstituted-5(4H) xazlies] as Cuplig Agets fr Blck Cplymer Sythesis: Reacti with Amie-termiated Oligmers ad with Hydrxy-termiated/amie-termiated Oligmer Mixtures, J Plym Sci, Part A: Plym Chem, 1999, 37, M. K. Akkapeddi ad J. Gervasi, Chai Extesi f PET ad Nyl i a Extruder, Plym Prep, 1988, 29, L. Jakisch, H. Kmber, R. Wursche, ad I. Bhme, Multifuctial Cuplig Agets. II. Chai Extesi ad Termial Grup Mdificati f Plyamides, J Appl Plym Sci, 2004, 94, J. H. Hg, C. W. Chi, S. Ramasudaram, A. A. Prabu, J. S. Lee, K. J. Kim, J. H. Yag, ad D. J. Lee, Studies the Recyclig f Glyclyzed Nyl 66 Usig Nvel Chai Exteders, Plym Degrad Stab, 2008, 93, M. Fukumt, Plyamide Resi Hadbk, Chia Petrchemistry Publishig C., Beijig, 1994, p X. Dig, J. Rg, R. Xu, D. Yu, ad Z. Yag, Effect f a Chai Exteder the Crystallizati Behavir f Nyl 66, J Appl Plym Sci, 2004, 91, S. J. Kim, C. G. Lee, P. S. Sg, J. S. Yu, Y. Kag, J. S. Kim, ad M. J. Chi, Characteristics f Pyrlysis ad Cmbusti Kietics f Waste Plystyree, J Krea Id Eg Chem, 2003, 14, M. S. Kim, S. C. Oh, H. P. Lee, H. T. Kim, ad K. O. Y, A Study the Kietics f Thermal Degradati f Plyethylee, J Krea Id Eg Chem, 1999, 10, H. E. Kissiger, Reacti Kietics i Differetial Thermal Aalysis, Aal Chem, 1957, 29, H. L. Friedma, Kietics f Thermal Degradati f Charfrmig Plastics frm Thermgravimetry. Applicati t a Phelic Plastics, J Plym Sci, Part C, 1964, 6, T. Ozawa, A New Methd f Aalyzig Thermgravimetric Data, Bull Chem Sc Jp, 1965, 38, C. D. Dyle, Estimatig Isthermal Life frm Thermgravimetric Data, J Appl Plym Sci, 1962, 6, Textile Sciece ad Egieerig, Vl. 47, N. 2, 2010

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