간호대학생의다제내성균에대한지식정도와감염관리이행도 9 황색포도알균중메티실린내성황색포도알균이 93%, 장알균중반코마이신내성장알균이 13.9% 였으나 2010년대한병원감염관리학회전국중환자실병원감염감시결과보고 (Kwa et al., 2010) 에서는메티실린내성황색포도알균 88

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1 기초간호자연과학회지 : 제14권제1호 2012 ISSN: J Korean Biol Nurs Sci 2012; 14(1): 간호대학생의다제내성균에대한지식정도와감염관리이행도 김경미 1 김옥선 2 전미양 ³ 1 세명대학교간호학과조교수, 2 수원과학대학교간호학과전임강사, 3 강동대학교간호과부교수 Knowledge and Compliance Level of the Multidrug-resistant Organisms of Nursing Students Kyung Mi Kim¹, Og Son Kim², Mi Yang Jeon³ ¹Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon; ²Full-time Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Suwon Science College, Hwaseong; ³Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Gangdong University, Eumseong, Korea Purpose: This study was undertaken to identify the knowledge and compliance level of nursing students. It was based on self-administered questionnaires about multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Methods: The test group was 184 nursing students who had contact with MDROs during clinical practice. The study was conducted from May 1 to September 16, Results: The average knowledge level of MDROs was (correct answer rate: 67.5%). The nurses compliance level of MDROs infection control was on average (range: 13-52). Hand hygiene ranked highest in the compliance level of MDROs infection control. The lowest level of MDRO infection control was the wearing of disposable aprons or gowns. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the nursing students knowledge and the compliance level of infection control. We suggest that nursing students receive mandated systematic education of MDROs in the nursing curriculum. And clinical practice experience of MDROs infection control is required in hospitals. These steps will help prevent transmission of MDROs in nursing settings. Key Words: Students; Infection control; Knowledge; Compliance; Multidrug-resistant organisms 국문주요어 : 학생, 감염관리, 지식, 이행, 다제내성 1. 연구의필요성 서론 환자의치료혹은치료과정중에발생할수있는감염을예방하 기위하여다양한항균제를사용하고있으며 (Kim & Choe, 2001), 항 균제의과다한사용으로인해여러약제에내성을보이는다제내성 균이발생한다. 의료기관에서흔히볼수있는대표적인다제내성 균에는메티실린내성황색포도알균 (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) 과반코마이신내성장알균 (vancomycin-resistant enterococci, VRE) 등이있다. Corresponding author: Og Son Kim, Full-time Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Suwon Science College, San 9-10, Botong-ri, Jeongnam-myun, Hwaseong , Korea Tel: Fax: oskim-icp@hanmail.net 투고일 : 2011 년 12 월 2 일심사의뢰일 : 2011 년 12 월 7 일게재확정일 : 2012 년 3 월 13 일 메티실린내성황색포도알균은 1968년미국에서처음보고되었으며, 이후 1990년대초에는입원한환자에서검출된황색포도알균중 20-25% 가메티실린내성황색포도알균이었다 (Boyce et al., 1994). 1999년미국전국병원감염감시 (National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance, NNIS) 자료에의하면중환자실에입원한환자에서검출된황색포도알균의 50% 이상이메티실린내성황색포도알균이었으며 (NNIS, 1999), 2003년의조사에서는 59.5% 로증가하였다 (NNIS, 2003). 또다른대표적다제내성균인반코마이신내성장알균은 1999년미국전국병원감염감시자료에의하면중환자실에입원한환자에서검출된장알균의 25% 가반코마이신내성장알균이었으며 (NNIS, 1999), 2003년조사에서는 28.5% 로증가하였다 (NNIS, 2003). 국내에서의다제내성균분리율은균주에따라미국과다소양상이다르다. 2004년대한병원감염관리학회의전국 16개대학병원중환자실병원감염감시결과 (Kim et al., 2004) 에따르면병원감염원인균이었던 8

2 간호대학생의다제내성균에대한지식정도와감염관리이행도 9 황색포도알균중메티실린내성황색포도알균이 93%, 장알균중반코마이신내성장알균이 13.9% 였으나 2010년대한병원감염관리학회전국중환자실병원감염감시결과보고 (Kwa et al., 2010) 에서는메티실린내성황색포도알균 88.9%, 반코마이신내성장알균 27.1% 로메티실린내성황색포도알균은 2004년에비해 4.4% 감소하였으나반코마이신내성장알균은 194.9% 증가하였다. 미국과국내의다제내성균검출률을비교해보면, 메티실린내성황색포도알균은미국에비해검출률이상당히높다. 그러나반코마이신내성장알균의경우에과거에는미국보다상당히낮은수준이었으나점차검출률이증가하여최근에는미국과유사한수준으로증가하였다. 국내의다제내성균검출률이지속적으로증가하고있어이에대한적절한관리의중요성이지속적으로강조되고있다 (Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [KCDC], 2011; Park et al., 2007). 다제내성균은병원감염을유발하는주요원인균일뿐아니라다제내성균감염이발생하면치료를위해사용할수있는항균제가한정되어있어치료의어려움이있다. 그러므로국내외를막론하고대부분의의료기관에서는다제내성균이검출되는환자에게별도의감염관리를시행하고있다 (Kim, Lee, & Hong, 2009). 미국질병관리본부 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC) 에서는다제내성균감염관리지침을제시하였으며 (CDC, 2006), 이지침을근거로여러국가의의료기관에서는개별의료기관의실정에맞도록일부수정한감염관리프로그램을개발하여적용하고있다 (Park et al., 2007). Park 등 (2007) 의국내 102개종합병원의항균제내성균감염관리실태보고에따르면, 국내병원에서는메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균감염관리에적극적이었으며, 조사대상의 94.0% 병원에서반코마이신내성장알균감염관리지침을보유하고있었으며, 메티실린내성황색포도알균지침을보유한병원은 81.4% 였고, 기타다제내성균에대해서는과반수미만의병원에서감염관리를시행하고있었다. 대부분의의료기관에서다제내성균감염관리를강화하고있음에도불구하고이로인한병원감염이지속적으로발생하고, 일부는사회적문제로부각됨으로인해 2010년 12월질병관리본부에서는메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균감염증을포함한일부다제내성균으로인한의료관련감염을법정전염병으로지정하여각의료기관에서는국가기관에보고하도록하며, 개별의료기관에서의관리단계에서국가차원에서의관리로강화되었다 (KCDC, 2011). 국내의료기관에서는효과적인메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균감염관리를위하여환자격리, 손씻기, 보호용구착용, 환경관리와소독, 직원교육과홍보등의다양한전략들을개발하여적용하고있다 (Park et al., 2007). 2010년부터전국병 원을대상으로시행되고있는의료기관인증평가중감염관리주요항목으로메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균감염관리이행정도평가가포함됨으로인해전국의평가대상의료기관에서는전직원을대상으로한집중적인교육과이행여부를감시하는등감염관리이행증진을위해노력하고있다. 그러나국내의료기관에서이루어지고있는감염관리이행수준을높이기위한활동들은병원직원들을대상으로하고있어환자와직접접촉하는병원실습생들의경우교육대상에서누락되어있으며, 이들의다제내성균감염관리불이행이일부병원에서지적됨으로인해의료기관인증평가기간동안간호대학생의임상실습을제한하는경우도있었다. 간호대학생은메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균환자들과실습중접촉할기회가많아다제내성균에대한충분한지식과적절한감염관리이행이요구된다. 그러나대부분의간호학과에서는별도의분리된감염관리교과목이거의없으며, 기본간호학이나미생물등의교과목시간에메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균감염관리에대해일부언급되는수준이다. 이에간호대학생들의메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균감염관리에대한지식과이행수준을파악하여병원실습을위한감염관리교육프로그램이필요한지여부를평가하고, 필요시교육프로그램개발을위한기초자료로활용하기위해다제내성균에대한지식과감염관리이행정도를파악하고자본연구를수행하였다. 2. 연구목적본연구의목적은간호학과에재학중인간호대학생들의다제내성균에대한지식과병원실습시감염관리이행정도를파악하기위함이며, 구체적인목적은다음과같다. 1) 간호대학생의다제내성균에대한지식을파악한다. 2) 간호대학생의다제내성균감염관리이행정도를파악한다. 3) 일반적특성에따른다제내성균지식과감염관리이행정도의차이를파악한다. 3. 용어정의 1) 다제내성균다제내성균은미생물의종류에따라하나혹은두가지이상의항균제에내성을보이는미생물을말하며, 흔히의료기관에서문제가되는다제내성균으로는메티실린내성황색포도알균, 반코마이신내성장알균, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) 생성그람음성간균, 다약제내성폐렴사슬알균 (multidrug-resistant Strepto-

3 10 김경미 김옥선 전미양 coccus pneumoniae) 등이있다 (CDC, 2006). 본연구에서는다제내성균중국내의료기관에서집중적인감염관리를수행하는메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균을대상으로하였다. 2) 다제내성균감염관리다제내성균감염관리는 2006년미국질병관리본부 (CDC) 에서제시한다제내성균관리지침내용중메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균감염관리에해당하는부분을말한다 (CDC, 2006). 감염관리의주요내용으로는일반적으로격리, 손위생, 보호장구착용, 물품및환경관리, 소독, 보균자검사를포함하나본연구에서는간호대학생이수행가능한부분인손위생, 보호장구착용, 물품및환경관리부분만을포함하였다. 연구방법 1. 연구설계본연구는간호대학생의다제내성균지식과감염관리이행정도를파악하기위한서술적조사연구이다. 2. 연구대상본연구에포함된대상자는충청북도에소재한 2개 4년제대학교의간호학과와 1개 3년제대학의간호과학생으로서병원실습중메티실린내성황색포도알균이나반코마이신내성장알균환자와접촉이있었던학생중본연구의설문조사에동의한학생을대상으로하였다. 연구대상자수는 G*power program (Faul Erdfelder, Lang, & Buchner, 2007) 을이용하여산출하였다. T-test 에서양측검정유의수준.05, 효과크기.5, power를.90로하였을때 172명이최소필요하였다. 이를근거로실습중다제내성균환자와접촉이없었던학생과부적절한설문응답자를고려하여 300명에게설문지를배부하였으며, 이중다제내성균환자와접촉이없었거나불성실하게설문에응답한경우를제외하고 184명의자료를최종분석에이용하였다. 3. 연구도구 1) 다제내성균지식과감염관리이행다제내성균지식측정도구와감염관리이행측정도구는 2006 년미국질병관리본부에서제시한메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균의특성과감염관리에대한내용 (CDC, 2006), 대한병원감염관리학회의감염관리지침문헌중메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균감염관리내용 (Korean Society for Nosocomial Infection Control [KOSNIC], 2006), 다제내성균선행연구 (Kang, 2009) 자료를기초로연구자가일차문항을개발하였다. 연구자에의해개발된문항을간호대학교수 2인과박사학위를소지한감염관리전문간호사 2인에게내용타당도를검토받고수정 보완한후간호대학생 2인에게내용의이해정도를문의하고, 이해가어렵거나의미전달이불명확한부분을재수정 보완하여최종설문지를개발하였다. 다제내성균지식도구는메티실린내성황색포도알균 12문항과반코마이신내성장알균 12문항이며, 각각의균에대한기초지식 4 문항과감염관리지식 8문항으로총 24문항으로구성되었다. 기초지식에는균에대한정의, 전파경로, 보균자확인방법, 보균자치료방법을포함하였으며, 감염관리지식에는격리, 손위생, 보호장구착용, 물품사용, 소독, 환경관리를포함하였다. 각문항에대한대답은예, 아니오, 모름중선택하며, 일부문항은역문항으로개발하였다. 각문항의정답은 1점, 오답이나모름은 0점으로처리하였다. 지식점수는최저 0점에서최고 24점이며, 점수가높을수록지식수준이높은것을의미한다. 본연구에서의도구신뢰도는 Cronbach s α=.768 이었다. 다제내성균감염관리이행도구는메티실린내성황색포도알균감염관리 6문항과반코마이신내성장알균감염관리 7문항으로총 13문항으로구성되었으며, 보호장구착용, 손위생, 물품과환경관리를포함하고있다. 각문항에대한대답은 전혀그렇게안했다, 거의그렇게안했다, 대체로그렇게했다, 항상그렇게했다 중선택하며역문항을역변환한후감염관리행위를 항상그렇게했다 4 점, 대체로그렇게했다 3점, 거의그렇게안했다 2점, 전혀그렇게안했다 1점으로처리하였다. 감염관리이행점수는최저 13점에서최고 52점이며, 점수가높을수록이행수준이높은것을의미한다. 본연구에서의도구신뢰도는 Cronbach s α=.875 이었다. 2) 대상자특성대상자의특성은인구사회학적특성, 메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균에대한감염관리교육경험, 교육기관, 환자와접촉경험을조사하는문항으로구성하였다. 4. 자료수집방법본연구의설문지와연구계획서를세명대학교임상시험윤리위원회심의 ( ) 를받은후 2011 는 5월 1일부터 9월 16일까지자료를수집하였다. 자료를수집하기위해연구자들이각각 1개교씩담당하여조사대상자의강의실을방문하였다. 연구대상자들에게연구목적을설명하고, 자신의의지에따라자유롭게연구에참여

4 간호대학생의다제내성균에대한지식정도와감염관리이행도 11 가능하며, 연구에동의하지않는경우설문지를작성하지않아도개인적불이익이없음을설명한후설문지를배부했다. 연구참여에동의하는경우에는설문지첫페이지에첨부된서면동의서에서명후설문지를작성하도록했다. 총 300명에게설문지를배부하였으며, 작성한설문지는학년대표에게제출하도록하였다. 작성된설문지는학년단위로연구자가일괄회수하였으며, 무응답이나부적절한응답은제외하고 184명의자료를분석에이용하였다. 학년별로는 3학년이 60.0% 로가장많았고, 병원실습기간은평균 11.6주였다. 다제내성균중메티실린내성황색포도알균감염관리교육은 74.5%, 반코마이신내성장알균감염관리교육은 68.9% 경험한것으로나타났다. 교육기관은학교가많았으나메티실린내성황색포도알균교육경험이있는학생중 15.2% 와반코마이신내성장알균교육경험이있는학생중 29.4% 는병원에서만교육을받은것으로나타났다 (Table 1). 5. 자료분석 SPSS Windows 프로그램 (Ver. 18.0, Chicago, USA) 을이용하여자료를분석하였다. 대상자의특성과다제내성균관련정보는빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차로분석하였으며, 대상자의일반적특성과다제내성균관련정보에따른지식과이행정도의차이는 t-test, ANOVA, Tukey HSD 검증으로분석하였다. 연구결과 1. 대상자의특성연구대상자 184명중여성이 92.9% 였고, 평균연령은 21.9세였다. 2. 다제내성균에대한지식다제내성균에대한지식점수는 24점만점중최저 3점에서최고 21점이었으며, 평균 16.20점으로 67.5% 의정답률을보였다. 다제내성균중메티실린내성황색포도알균정답률은 65.9% 였으며, 반코마이신내성장알균정답률은 69.1% 였다. 하부개념별로보면, 메티실린내성황색포도알균기초지식정답률 31.3%, 반코마이신내성장알균기초지식정답률 42.0% 인반면, 메티실린내성황색포도알균감염관리정답률 83.8%, 반코마이신내성장알균감염관리정답률 82.6% 로기초지식보다감염관리지식이높았다. 세부문항별로보면, 정답률순위는메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균모두환자접촉전에장갑을착용해야한다가 94.6% 로가장높 Table 1. Comparison of Knowledge and Infection Control Compliance of Multidrug-resistant Organisms by General Characteristics of Subjects (N= 184) Characteristeics Categories n Knowledge Compliance M ± SD t or F p Tukey HSD M ± SD t or F p Tukey HSD Gender Male 13 (7.1) 17.84± ± Female 171 (92.9) 16.07± ± 7.97 Age (yr) (66.8) 15.55± < ± (33.2) 17.51± ± 7.62 Grade Second a 37 (20.1) ± ± <.001 c > a, b; b > a Third b 103 (60.0) ± ± 7.35 Fourth c 44 (23.9) ± ± 6.53 Type of school University 76 (41.3) 16.97± ± <.001 College 108 (58.7) 15.66± ± 3.59 Clinical practice (47.3) 16.23± ± (week) (52.7) 16.18± ± 7.01 Education of MRSA Yes 137 (74.5) 16.46± ± infection control No 47 (25.5) 15.42± ± 6.92 Location of MRSA University/ 66 (48.2) 17.03± <.001 b< a, c 40.71± education* college Hospital 36 (15.2) 14.77± ± 7.48 Both 35 (25.6) 17.14± ± 7.24 Education of VRE Yes 126 (68.9) 16.53± ± infection control* No 57 (31.1) 15.50± ± 7.27 Location of VRE University/ 60 (47.6) 17.18± b< a, c 41.50± education* college Hospital 37 (29.4) 15.05± ± 7.26 Both 29 (23.0) 17.06± ± 7.84 *Non-respondents were excluded.

5 12 김경미 김옥선 전미양 았고, 환자접촉후장갑을벗고손위생을해야한다가메티실린내성황색포도알균 94.6%, VRE 94.0% 로두번째로높았다. 정답률이낮은문항은메티실린내성황색포도알균의경우균에대한정의를묻는문항으로정답률이 9.2% 였고, 반코마이신내성장알균의경우는보균자치료방법에대한문항으로정답률이 6.5% 였다 (Table 2). 3. 다제내성균감염관리이행정도다제내성균감염관리이행점수는 52점만점중평균 40.50점이었고, 메티실린내성황색포도알균이행점수는 24점만점중평균 점, 반코마이신내성장알균이행점수는 28점만점중 22.03점이었다. 세부항목별로보면, 메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균모두에서환자접촉후손위생을한다 가각각 3.61점과 3.54점으로가장이행정도가높았으며, 이행정도가낮은항목은메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균모 두에서환자접촉시일회용앞치마나가운착용이각각 2.60점과 2.66점으로가장낮았다 (Table 3). 4. 대상자의특성에따른다제내성균에대한지식과감염관리이행대상자의특성에따른다제내성균지식의차이를보면, 성별, 학년, 병원실습기간, 메티실린내성황색포도알균감염관리교육여부, 반코마이신내성장알균감염관리교육여부는유의하지않았지만, 연령 (t= -3.73, p <.001), 대학학제종류 (t=2.58, p =.011), 메티실린내성황색포도알균감염관리교육기관 (F = 8.58, p <.001) 과반코마이신내성장알균감염관리교육기관 (F = 6.69, p =.002) 간은유의하였다. 연령은평균연령보다많은 22세이상의지식점수가 점인반면 21세이하의지식점수는 점이었고, 메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균모두실습병원에서교육을 Table 2. Knowledge of Multidrug-resistant Organisms (N= 184) Category Questions (True/False) % of correct answers MRSA Basic MRSA indicates bacteria with resistance to more than 3 β-lactam antibiotics (false) 9.2 knowledge MRSA is commonly spread through medical professionals (true) 78.3 MRSA carriers can be identified through stool or rectal cultures (false) 17.4 MRSA carriers are treated by applying mupirocin (true) 20.7 Subtotal 31.3 Infection MRSA patient does not isolate if the primary cultures test negative (false) 70.7 control When using gloves to examine MRSA patients, there is no need to wash or sanitize hands after taking off the gloves (false) 94.6 MRSA patients use private rooms or isolation rooms just for MRSA cohorts isolation (true) 81.0 Gloves should be worn at all times when coming into contact with MRSA patients (true) 94.6 Stethoscopes used on MRSA patients can be used on non-mrsa patients (false) 85.3 Re-useable medical equipments used on MRSA patients can be used on other patients upon proper washing (false) 54.3 Disposable trash from MRSA patients can be thrown into regular garbage cans in the ward (false) 93.5 New patient can admission in the room occupied by MRSA patients after can be cleaned with mops and wiped before 91.8 accepting new patients (false) Subtotal 83.3 Subtotal 65.9 VRE Basic VRE is vancomycin resistant enterococci (true) knowledge VRE is commonly spread through hands of medical professionals (true) VRE carriers can be identified through nasal culture (false) VRE carriers are treated by cephalosporin antibiotics (false). 6.5 Subtotal 42.0 Infection VRE patient does not isolate if the primary cultures test negative (false) control When using latex gloves to care VRE patients, there is no need to wash or sanitize hands after taking off the gloves (false) VRE patients use private rooms or isolation rooms just for VRE cohorts (true) Gloves should be worn at all times when coming into contact with VRE patients (true) Stethoscopes used on VRE patients can be used on non-vre patients (false) Re-useable medical equipments used on VRE patients can be used on other patients upon proper washing (false) Disposable trash from VRE patients can be thrown into regular garbage cans in the ward (false) New patient can admission in the room occupied by VRE patients after can be cleaned with mops and wiped before 89.7 accepting new patients (false). Subtotal 82.6 Subtotal 69.1 Total 67.5

6 간호대학생의다제내성균에대한지식정도와감염관리이행도 13 Table 3. Infection Control Compliance of Multidrug-resistant Organisms (N= 184) Category Questions (True/False) Mean± SD MRSA Wear a disposable apron or gown when coming into contact with an MRSA patient (true) 2.60± 1.14 Wear a disposable glove when coming into contact with an MRSA patient (true) 3.19± 0.95 After coming into contact with an MRSA patient, use a hand sanitizer or wash hands (true) 3.61± 0.68 After taking off the gloves upon nursing an MRSA patient, do not sanitize hands (false) 3.27± 0.88 Use the same blood pressure culf used on MRSA patients to other patients (false) 2.87± 1.07 Use the same thermometer used on MRSA patients to other patients (false) 2.91± 1.06 Subtotal 18.47± 4.04 VRE Wear a disposable apron or gown when coming into contact with a VRE patient (true) 2.66± 1.14 Wear a disposable glove when coming into contact with a VRE patient (true) 3.23± 0.95 After coming into contact with a VRE patient, use a hand sanitizer or wash hands (true) 3.54± 0.75 After taking off the gloves upon nursing a VRE patient, do not sanitize hands (false) 3.28± 0.91 Use the same blood pressure culf used on VRE patients to other patients (false) 2.89± 1.03 Use the same thermometer used on VRE patients to other patients (false) 2.99± 1.01 Garbage from VRE patients are not thrown away as regular garbage and are disposed at the medical waste box (true) 3.40± 0.87 Subtotal 22.03± 4.29 Total 40.50± 7.97 받은경우보다학교에서받은경우지식점수가높았다 (Table 1). 대상자의특성에따른다제내성균감염관리이행정도의차이를보면, 연령, 메티실린내성황색포도알균감염관리교육기관과반코마이신내성장알균감염관리교육기관은유의하지않았지만, 성별 (t=1.97, p =.049), 학년 (F =10.71, p <.001), 대학학제종류 (t= 4.80, p <.001), 병원실습기간 (t= -2.58, p =.011), 메티실린내성황색포도알균감염관리교육여부 (t=2.80, p =.006), 반코마이신내성장알균감염관리교육여부 (t=3.06, p =.002) 는유의하였다. 성별의경우남학생이 44.69점에비해여학생은 40.18점이었으며, 학년별로는 4학년이 2학년이나 3학년보다이행점수가높았으며, 병원실습기간은 11주이하가 점인반면 12주이상은 점이었다. 메티실린내성황색포도알균와반코마이신내성장알균모두감염관리교육경험이있는학생이교육경험이없는학생보다이행점수가높았다 (Table 1). 논의메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균은해외는물론국내에서도주요의료관련감염의원인균이며, 침습적인시술과항균제사용의증가에따라병원에서위협적인다제내성균으로자리잡고있다. 이러한중요성으로인하여의료기관평가등을통해서도이들다제내성균에대한병원직원들의감염관리이행정도를평가하고있다. 이에간호사가되기위해병원실습을필수적으로수행해야할뿐아니라미래의의료인이될간호대학생을대상으로다제내성균에대한지식과감염관리이행정도를알아보아그들의교육에활용하는것은매우중요하다. 그동안병원에근무하 는의료인을대상으로한전반적인병원감염관리지침 (Kim & Choi, 1997; Kim & Jeong, 2002; Kim et al., 2004) 이나다제내성균에대한지식과이행수준에관한연구 (Kang et al., 2009; Park, Jeong, Park, Shin, Kim, & Lee, 2007; Park & Park, 2009; Park, Park, & Park, 2008; Yoo, Son, Ham, Park, & Um, 2004) 가시행된바있고, 간호대학생들에대해서는전반적인감염관리에대한지식과실천에대한연구 (Park, 2007; Sung & Nam, 2006) 가수행된적이있으나다제내성균에대한지식과감염관리이행에관한연구는거의수행된바없다. 간호대학생이간호사가되기전교육과정을통해배운간호지식을다양한병원현장에적용할수있기위해서는병원실습이필수적이다. 병원실습과정에서간호대학생들은다제내성균환자와접촉할수있고, 학생자신이전파매개체의역할을할수도있다. 따라서이들이다제내성균에대한올바른지식을가지고, 다제내성균감염관리지침을잘준수하는것은병원감염관리에있어매우중요하다. 다제내성균에대한지식수준에대한간호대학생을대상으로한선행연구가없어본연구에서조사된결과를간호사를대상으로한연구들과비교하여보면, 간호대학생의정답률은 Kang 등 (2009) 의연구에서보고된간호사들의정답률보다낮은것으로나타났고, 지식문항중메티실린내성황색포도알균의균에대한정의에대한정답률이낮은것은유사한결과를보였다. 또한메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균에대한기초지식의점수가낮은것도유사하였다. 간호대학생들의다제내성균감염관리에대한지식이다제내성균에관한기초지식보다비교적높았는데이는간호사들에대한연구 (Kang et al., 2009) 와같은결과를보였다. 이에대해 Kang 등 (2009) 은의료기관에서다제내성균감염관리에대한국내외관심이증가하고, 병원에서관리지침을정비하고

7 14 김경미 김옥선 전미양 홍보하였기때문에간호사의감염관리에대한지식수준이높은것으로분석하였다. 그러나본연구에서간호대학생들의지식수준은메티실린내성황색포도알균과반코마이신내성장알균에대한감염관리교육을실시한기관에따라지식에유의한차이가있었고, 병원에서교육을받은경우보다학교에서교육을받은경우더지식점수가높은것으로나타나 Kang 등 (2009) 의연구결과와차이를보였다. 이는병원에서교육을받은경우학생들에게직원들에게시행하는수준, 즉 Kang 등 (2009) 의연구대상자인간호사수준의체계적인교육이이루어지지않고있으며, 병원에서의학생교육은실습부서에서간단한정보제공수준이기때문으로생각된다. 간호대학생들은 74.5% 가메티실린내성황색포도알균에대한감염관리교육경험이있는것으로응답하였고, 반코마이신내성장알균에대한감염관리교육경험률은 68.9% 로응답하였다. 이는중환자실간호사를대상으로한연구에서반코마이신내성장알균에대한감염관리교육경험률이 62.8% 라는보고 (Park, Park, & Park, 2008) 보다는높았으나정답률은간호사들을대상으로한연구보다낮은결과를보였고 (Park & Park, 2009; Park, Park, & Park, 2008), 다제내성균에대한지식수준이교육여부에따라유의한차이가없는것으로나타난것은교육내용이충분하지않았음을의미한다. 또한일부간호대학생들은병원에서만다제내성균에대한교육을받은것으로나타나간호대학생의다제내성균에대한교육이학교에서미생물학등의교과과정을통해체계적으로이루어지는것이필요하다고생각한다. 다제내성균감염관리이행정도는연령이높을수록, 병원실습기간이길수록, 감염관리교육을받은경험이있는경우에높은것으로나타나간호사를대상으로한선행연구 (Kang et al., 2009; Yoo, Son, Ham, Park, & Um, 2004) 의일부결과와유사한것으로나타났다. 이행정도가가장높았던부분은손위생에관한부분이었는데이는의료기관에서손위생이매우강조되고있으므로간호대학생들의이행도도가장높았던것으로생각된다. 이행정도가가장낮았던항목은메티실린내성황색포도알균, 반코마이신내성장알균항목모두에서환자접촉시일회용앞치마나가운착용이었으며이는간호사들을대상으로한연구결과 (Yoo, Son, Ham, Park, & Um, 2007) 와유사하였다. 간호사들을대상으로한연구에서보고된이러한결과는바쁜업무로인해이러한결과를보인것으로분석되었고간호대학생들역시앞치마나가운착용이번거로운과정으로인식되어잘이행하지않는것으로생각된다. 또한간호대학생들이메티실린내성황색포도알균이나반코마이신내성장알균환자접촉시장갑을반드시착용해야한다는지식에가장높은정답률을보였음에도불구하고실제이행정도에서는비교적높지않은수준을보인것은좀더철저한교육과함께실습을하는 병원에서도보호장구의사용에대해제도적으로뒷받침되고, 관리되어야할것이다. 본연구에서다제내성균에대한지식이높을수록감염관리이행정도가높은것으로나타났고, 다제내성균에대한지식이감염관리이행에영향을미치는것으로볼때간호대학생들의다제내성균감염관리이행정도를높이기위해서는지식수준을더욱높여야할것이다. 다제내성균으로인한의료관련감염발생의심각성으로인해미국질병관리본부 (2006) 에서는다제내성균의위험과전파를예방하기위한교육이오리엔테이션동안뿐만아니라주기적으로이루어져야한다고권고하고있다. 이에간호대학생들에게도교과과정내에서다제내성균에대한지식과감염관리방법을교육하고, 교육효과를높이기위한다양한교육전략이개발되어야할것이며, 병원실습을나갈때마다교육하는것이필요하다. 또한간호대학생들이다제내성균환자를간호할때가운이나장갑등의물품을사용하는데제한이없도록병원차원에서지원되어야할것이다. 본연구에서 4년제학생의경우 3년제학생보다지식과이행점수가유의하게높았으나본연구가일부학교학생들만을대상으로한결과이므로이를일반화시키기위해서는여러대학교학생들을대상으로하며, 교과과정분석등을포함한좀더광범위한연구가필요하리라생각된다. 본연구를통하여간호대학생의다제내성균에관한지식과이행수준을파악할수있었다. 또한간호학생의다제내성균감염관리이행수준을높이기위해서는교과과정을통해다제내성균에대해체계적으로교육하고, 실습의료기관에서감염관리실제를경험하고, 실습하게하는것이필요하며이는궁극적으로는간호학생이의료인이되었을때간호현장에서적절한감염관리를수행한다면감염전파예방에기여할것이다. 결론및제언다양한항균제사용과더불어다제내성균에의한감염이증가함에따라다제내성균감염이사회적문제로종종대두되고, 의료기관에서도다제내성균의전파를예방하기위한다양한노력들이이루어지고있다. 각의료기관에서이루어지고있는다제내성균감염관리는병원직원들을대상으로하며, 간호대학생의경우환자와접촉이빈번함에도다제내성균에대한지식과감염관리를얼마나이행하는지는불명확하다. 그러므로본연구는간호학생들을대상으로다제내성균에대한지식과이행수준을파악하여실습전학생들의다제내성균감염관리교육프로그램이필요한지여부를평가하고, 필요시교육프로그램개발을위한기초자료를마련하고

8 간호대학생의다제내성균에대한지식정도와감염관리이행도 15 자시도하였다. 연구결과간호대학생들의다제내성균에대한지식 이간호사를대상으로한연구보다낮았고, 다제내성균감염관리 이행정도는간호사를대상으로한선행연구의일부결과와유사 하였다. 이행도가높았던부분은학생들의손위생이었고, 낮았던 부분은일회용앞치마나가운과같은보호용구착용이었다. 이상의연구결과를근거로, 다제내성균전파예방을위해서는 궁극적으로감염관리이행이필요하며, 간호대학생들의다제내성 균감염관리이행수준을높이기위해서는체계적인교육을통해 다제내성균에대한지식을제공하고, 이를기초로한올바른감염 관리가수행되면다제내성균의전파예방에기여할수있을것이다. 또한보호용구착용과같은부분은지식이높음에도이행도는다 소낮았으므로단순한지식제공뿐아니라실습기관과연계하여 지속적인감염관리이행이이루어질수있도록노력해야할것이며, 감염관리이행관련요인들을확인하고, 적용할수있는추후연구 가수행된다면다제내성균감염관리에기여할것이다. REFERENCES Boyce, J. M., Jackson, M. M., Pugliese, G., Batt, M. D., Fleming, D., Garner, J. S., et al. (1994). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): a briefing for acute care hospitals and nursing facilities. The AHA Technical Panel on Infections Within Hospitals. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 15(2), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006, December 29). Management of multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare settings, Retrieved May 5, 2011, from MDROsGuideline2006. pdf. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis power analysis program for the social, behavior, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), Kang, J., Cho, J., Kim, Y., Kim, D. H., Lee, J., Park, H. K., et al. (2009). Hospital nurses knowledge and compliance on multidrug-resistant organism infection control guideline. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 39, Kim, K. M., Cha, K. S., Lee, G. Y., Yoo, S. Y., Choi, O. J., Wie, S. H., et al. (2004). Knowledge and compliance of infection control guidelines. Korean Journal of Nosocomial Infection Control, 9(2), Kim, K. M., Yoo, J. H., Choi, J. H., Park, E. S., Kim, K. S., Kim, K. S., et al. (2004). The national wide surveillance results of nosocomial infections along with antimicrobial resistance in intensive care units of sixteen university hospitals in Korea, Korean Journal of Nosocomial Infection Control, 11(2), Kim, M. Y., & Jeong, C. M. (2002). The level of the awareness and the compliance on nosocomial infection control among clinical nurses in the hospital. Korean Journal of Nosocomial Infection Control, 7(2), Kim, N. J., & Choe, K. W. (2001). Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Korean Journal of Nosocomial Infection Control, 6(1), Kim, S. O., & Choi, S. H. (1997). A study on clinical nurses level of perception of importance, compliance and satisfaction in the control of nosocomial infection. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 27, Kim, Y. K., Lee, J. M., & Hong, H. S. (2009). Effect of the management of infection for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at an neurosurgical intensive care unit. Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science, 11(2), Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011, March 29) case definitions for national notifiable infectious disease. Retrieved May 5, 2011, from Korean Society for Nosocomial Infection Control. (2006). Nosocomial Infection Control (Second edition). Seoul: Hanmibook Kwa, Y. G., Cho, Y. K., Kim, J. Y., Lee, S. O., Kim, H. Y., Kim, Y. K., et al. (2010). Korean Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System, intensive care unit module report: data summary from July 2008 through June 2009 and analysis of 3-year results. Korean Journal of Nosocomial Infection Control, 15(1), National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance. (1999). National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1990-May 1999, issued June American Journal of Infection Control, 27, National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance. (2003). National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system report, data summary from January 1992 through June American Journal of Infection Control, 31, Yoo, M. S., Son, Y. J., Ham, H. M., Park, M. M., & Um, A. H. (2004). A comparative study of nurses recognition and practice level of general nosocomial infection, MRSA and VRE infection control. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing, 11(1), Park, Y. J., Jeong, J. S., Park, E. S., Shin, E. S, Kim, S. H., & Lee, Y. S. (2007). Survey on the infection control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms in general hospitals in Korea. Korean Journal of Nosocomial Infection Control, 12(2), Park, Y. M., Park, H. S., & Park, K. Y. (2008). Factors influencing level of awareness and compliance with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infection control among nurses in intensive care units. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing, 15, Park, Y. M., & Park, K. Y. (2009). Influence of VRE knowledge and awareness with VRE infection control in compliance with VRE infection control among nurses in intensive care units. Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science, 11(1), Park, Y. R. (2007). Knowledge, attitude and self-confidence of student nurses regarding nosocomial infection control. Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing, 14, Sung, Y. H., & Nam, H. K. (2006). The study of the knowledge and performance of nursing students for the nosocomial infection control. Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing, 15(1),

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