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1 대한진단검사의학회지제 29 권제 6 호 2009 Korean J Lab Med 2009;29:563-9 DOI /kjlm Original Article Diagnostic Immunology 최근 4년동안전국의료기관에서의뢰된 A형간염바이러스혈청표지자검사결과에대한역학분석 이안나 1 임현선 2 남정모 3 송선미 1 윤혜령 1 이경률 1 서울의과학연구소 1, 연세대학교의과대학의학통계학과 2 예방의학교실 3 An Epidemiological Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus Serologic Markers during the Recent Four Years in Korea Anna Lee, M.D. 1, Hyun-Sun Lim, Ph.D. 2, Chung-Mo Nam, Ph.D. 3, Sean-Mi Song, M.D. 1, Hye-Ryoung Yoon, M.D. 1, and Kyoung-Ryul Lee, M.D. 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine 1, Seoul Medical Science Institute, Seoul; Departments of Biostatistics 2 and Preventive Medicine 3, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Background: To establish effective preventive measures for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, a nationwide epidemiologic study on seroprevalence of anti-hav and the disease prevalence is needed. The aim of this study was to analyze the recent sero-epidemiological changes of hepatitis A markers in Korea. Methods: The results of 11,068 anti-hav total and 32,360 anti-hav IgM tests by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) that had been requested in recent four years ( ) to a reference medical laboratory from 1,699 institutions nationwide were retrospectively analyzed according to the distribution of year, sex, and age groups. Results: The overall positive rate of anti-hav total was 62.8%. The overall positive rate of anti-hav IgM was 11.0%, showing a significantly increasing trend by year: 7.7%, 10.9%, 8.9%, and 14.3% in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively (P<0.0001). The positive rate of anti-hav IgM was higher in male than in female subjects (11.8% vs 10.0%, P<0.0001), and 81.8% (2,916/3,566) of the anti- HAV IgM positive results were observed in the age groups of yr. The annual positive rates of anti-hav total and anti-hav IgM showed significantly decreasing and increasing trends, respectively, in the age groups of 21 yr. Conclusion: In accordance with a decreasing sero-positivity of anti-hav total, the prevalence of acute hepatitis A virus infection has been considerably increased during the recent four years in the age groups of 21 yr. The results of this study could be used effectively as a basic data for establishing effective preventive measures for hepatitis A including vaccination in these susceptible age groups. (Korean J Lab Med 2009;29:563-9) Key Words : Hepatitis A, Seroprevalence, Anti-HAV total, Anti-HAV IgM Received : June 10, 2009 Manuscript No : KJLM Revision received : September 4, 2009 Accepted : November 5, 2009 Corresponding author : Kyoung-Ryul Lee, M.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Medical Science Institute, 7-14 Dongbinggo-dong, Yongsan-gu, Seoul , Korea Tel : , Fax : dkrlee@scllab.co.kr 서론 A형간염바이러스 (Hepatitis A virus, HAV) 에대한 IgG 항체보유율은생활환경, 위생상태및경제여건에따라차이가있 563

2 564 이안나 임현선 남정모외 3 인 으며, 후진국이나개발도상국에서는소아나청소년기에주로감염되고, 선진국에서는소아보다는성인에서감염빈도가높다고보고되어있다 [1]. 우리나라의경우과거 20년전만해도거의모든성인에서 A형간염에대한면역이형성되어있어 1980 년대 20세미만연령에서 A형간염항체양성률은 60% 정도였으나 [2], 1995년에는 10% 미만으로현저히낮아지면서, 그이후로 A형간염의발생이성인연령층에서지속적으로증가하는추세에있다 [3]. 최근들어 20대에서 30대에이르는젊은성인에서 A형간염발생예가현저히증가되는등 A형간염의역학변화가보고되고있으며, 따라서성인및청소년에서도따라잡기예방접종 (catch-up vaccination) 을하여야한다는주장도제기되고있다 [4]. A형간염의효율적인예방정책의수립을위해서는 A형간염항체보유율및발생률에대한대규모의역학적조사와이를토대로한백신접종의비용-효과측면에대한연구가필요하다. A형간염의경우현증감염환자의보고가잘이루어지지않고불현성감염의파악이어려우므로, 그역학연구는혈청항체보유율을측정하여평가하는것이가장유용하며신뢰성이있다 [5]. 최근 A형간염항체보유율파악에대한연구들에서우리나라 20세이상성인의 A형간염항체보유율이과거에비하여현저히감소하고있는것으로보고되고있으나 [4-7], 전국지역에걸친대규모의혈청표지자의역학조사는아직미비한실정이다. 이에저자들은최근 4년동안전국각지에위치한 1-3차의료기관에서본검사실에의뢰된 A형간염표지자검사결과에대한연도별, 성별, 연령별양성률을분석함으로써, 최근우리나라전체적인 A형간염항체보유율및급성 A형간염에대 한역학변화를파악하고자하였다. 대상및방법 1. 대상및검사방법 2005년 1월 1일부터 2008년 12 월 31일까지의 4년동안전국 1,699개의료기관으로부터본검사실에전기화학발광면역분석법 (electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay, ECLIA) 으로의뢰된 A형간염혈청표지자검사중검사의뢰당시성별및연령정보가제공된 11,068건의 A형간염바이러스총항체 (anti-hav total) 검사와 32,360건의 A형간염바이러스 IgM 항체 (anti-hav IgM) 검사결과를대상으로하였다. Anti-HAV total의경우는 anti-hav IgM이의뢰되지않고 anti-hav total만이단독의뢰된경우를대상으로하였다. 대상환자는 anti- HAV total의경우남자 5,825명 ( 평균연령 35.9±17.9) 과여자 5,243명 ( 평균연령 37.0±18.4), anti-hav IgM의경우는남자 18,120명 ( 평균연령 37.9±18.1) 과여자 14,240명 ( 평균연령 41.8±19.8) 로구성되었고, 연령대별분포남녀는각각 Table 1 과같다. Anti-HAV total 및 anti-hav IgM 검사는 Modular analytics E170 (Elecsys module, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) 장비를이용하여 ECLIA 방법으로측정하였으며, anti-hav total은 20.0 IU/L 이상, anti-hav IgM은 1.0 index 이상이면양성 (reactive) 으로판정하였다. 상기연구는본재단내기관생명윤리심의위원회의승인을거쳐 Table 1. Study population according to year, sex and age groups Total (%) M/F Total (%) M/F Total (%) M/F Total (%) M/F Total (%) Anti-HAV total (Age) (22.1) 144/ (11.2) 109/ (8.3) 93/ (6.4) 218/187 1,003 (9.1) (11.3) 80/ (13.7) 133/ (12.2) 145/ (7.7) 263/222 1,080 (9.8) (16.0) 87/ (19.4) 151/ (17.4) 162/186 1,201 (19.0) 530/671 2,046 (18.5) (18.7) 119/ (20.6) 192/ (23.8) 306/170 1,549 (24.6) 805/744 2,573 (23.2) (32.0) 213/ (35.1) 310/ (17.5) 440/326 2,667 (42.3) 1,325/1,342 4,366 (39.4) Total 1,133 (100.0) 643/490 1,628 (100.0) 895/733 2,000 (100.0) 1,146/854 6,307 (100.0) 3,141/3,166 11,068 (100.0) Anti-HAV IgM (Age) (8.3) 277/ (6.7) 298/ (4.8) 236/ (4.8) 317/223 1,889 (5.8) (8.3) 308/ (8.2) 436/ (7.9) 440/194 1,000 (8.9) 650/350 2,706 (8.4) ,106 (19.9) 632/474 1,493 (19.9) 801/692 1,519 (18.9) 815/704 2,347 (20.8) 1,132/1,015 6,465 (20.0) ,093 (19.7) 643/450 1,587 (21.2) 908/679 1,662 (20/7) 946/716 2,617 (23.2) 1,569/1,048 6,959 (21.5) 41 2,422 (43.8) 1,265/1,168 3,301 (44.0) 1,743/1,558 3,816 (47.6) 1,973/1,843 4,791 (42.4) 2,531/2,260 14,341 (44.3) Total 5,553 (100.0) 3,125/2,428 7,496 (100.0) 4,186/3,310 8,016 (100.0) 4,410/3,606 11,295 (100.0) 6,399/4,896 32,360 (100.0) Abbreviations: M, male; F, female; HAV, hepatitis A virus.

3 Seroepidemiological Study of Hepatitis A 565 진행되었다. 2. 연도별, 성별 anti-hav IgM 양성률분석 2. 검사결과의분석전체 4년의기간동안 anti-hav total 및 anti-hav IgM 검사에대한연도별양성률과, 성별에따른양성률을분석하였다. 연령에따른분석을위하여 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40세및 41 세이상의다섯개군으로나누어각연령군별, 연도별 anti-hav total 및 anti-hav IgM 양성률을분석하였다. 통계분석은 SAS statistical software program (version 9.1, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) 를사용하여분석하였다. Anti-HAV total 및 anti-hav IgM 결과의연도별양성률의차이와각연령군에서의연도에따른양성률의차이는 Cochran-Armitage trend test를이용하여분석하였다. 연도별, 성별및연령군에따른양성률의차이는카이제곱검정을이용하여분석하였으며, 유의수준 0.05하에서통계적유의성을검정하였다. 또한 anti- HAV total과 anti-hav IgM 양성률에있어각연령군에서연령증가및연도증가가양성률증가및감소에대한교호작용이있는지를알아보기위해다중로지스틱모형을이용하여분석하였다. 결과 1. 연도별, 성별 anti-hav total 양성률분석 4년전체기간동안 anti-hav total 양성률은 62.8% (6,951/ 11,068) 이었으며, 남성의경우연도증가에따라양성률의유의한차이는없는것으로나타났으나, 여성의경우는연도증가에따라유의한증가경향을나타내었다 (P=0.0111). 성별분석시 anti-hav total 양성률은남녀간에유의한차이는없는것으로나타났다 (Table 2). 4년전체기간동안 anti-hav IgM 양성률은 11.0% (3,566/ 32,360) 이었다. 연도별로분석하여보았을때 년각각 7.7%, 10.9%, 8.9% 및 14.3% 로연도증가에따라점차증가경향을나타내었고 (P<0.0001), 남성및여성각각에대한양성률도모두연도증가에따른유의한증가경향을나타내었다 (P<0.0001). 전체기간동안 anti-hav IgM 양성률은남성의경우 11.8% (2,143/18,120) 로여성의 10.0% (1,423/14,240) 에비하여유의하게높았으며 (P<0.0001), 전체양성결과의 60.1% (2,143/3,566) 를차지하고있었다. 각연도별, 성별분석시 anti-hav IgM 양성률은 2005년및 2006년에는남녀간에차이가없었으나, 2007년 ( 남성 9.8%, 여성 7.9%, P=0.0029) 및 2008년 ( 남성 15.8%, 여성 12.3%, P<0.0001) 에는남성의경우여성에비하여유의하게양성률이높은것으로나타났다 (Table 3). 3. 연령에따른 anti-hav total 양성률분석 4년의기간동안연도에따른각연령군의 anti-hav total 양성률은 1-10세군 %, 11-20세군 %, 세군 %, 31-40세군 % 및 41세이상군 % 의분포를보였고, 각연령군간양성률의유의한차이를보였다 (P<0.0001). 한편, 각연령군에서연도에따른 anti-hav total 양성률의변화를살펴보았을때, 21 세이상의모든연령군에서는연도증가에따라점차 anti-hav total 양성률의유의한감소경향이관찰되었다 (P for trend, 21-30세군 : , 31-40세군 : <0.0001, 41세이상군 : ) (Fig. 1). 다중로지스틱모형을이용한회귀분석결과 anti-hav total 양성률은연도증가에따라 1-10세및 11-20세연령군에서는증가추세가, 21 세이상연령군에서는감소하는추세가나타남으로연령군과연도는서로교호작용이있는것으로나타났다 (P<0.05). Table 2. Positive rates of anti-hav total according to sex from 2005 to 2008 Year Male Female Total P * % (382/643) 58.0% (284/490) 58.8% (666/1,133) % (567/895) 61.9% (454/773) 62.7% (1,022/1,628) % (729/1,146) 59.7% (510/854) 62.0% (1,239/2,000) % (2,007/3,141) 63.4% (2,018/3,166) 63.8% (4,025/6,307) % (3,685/5,825) 62.3% (3,266/5,243) 62.8% (6,951/11,068) P for trend *P values were obtained by Chi square test; P for trends were obtained from Cochran-Armitage trend test.

4 566 이안나 임현선 남정모외 3 인 Table 3. Positive rates of anti-hav IgM according to sex from 2005 to 2008 Year Male Female Total P * % (237/3,125) 7.8% (189/2,428) 7.7% (426/5,553) % (465/4,186) 10.5% (349/3,310) 10.9% (814/7,496) % (430/4,410) 7.9% (283/3,606) 8.9% (713/8,016) % (1,011/6,399) 12.3% (602/4,896) 14.3% (1,613/11,295) < % (2,143/18,120) 10.0% (1,423/14,240) 11.0% (3,566/32,360) < P for trend < < < *P values were obtained by Chi square test; P for trends were obtained from Cochran-Armitage trend test. Positive rate (%) >40 Age (yr) P for trend* < Fig. 1. Age related seroprevalence of anti-hav total from 2005 to *P for trends were obtained from Cochran-Armitage trend test for positive rates of anti-hav total by calendar year from 2005 to 2008 in each age groups. Positive rate (%) >40 Age (yr) P for trend* < < < Fig. 2. Age related seroprevalence of anti-hav IgM from 2005 to *P for trends were obtained from Cochran-Armitage trend test for positive rates of anti-hav IgM by calendar year from 2005 to 2008 in each age groups. 4. 연령에따른 anti-hav IgM 양성률분석 고 찰 4년의기간동안연도에따른각연령군의전체 anti-hav IgM 양성률은 1-10세군 %, 11-20세군 %, 21-30세군 %, 31-40세군 % 및 41 세이상군 % 의분포를보여, 각연령군에따른양성률의유의한차이를나타내었다 (P<0.0001). Anti-HAV IgM 양성예중 21-40세연령이차지하는비율은 81.8% (2,916/3,566) 로파악되었다. 각연령군에서연도별 anti-hav IgM 양성률의변화를살펴보았을때 21 세이상의연령군들에서는모두연도증가에따라 anti-hav IgM 양성률의유의한증가경향이관찰되었다 (P for trend, <0.0001) (Fig. 2). 다중로지스틱모형을이용한회귀분석결과 anti-hav IgM 양성률은연도가증가함에따라점차양성률이증가하는추세가나타남으로연령군과연도는서로교호작용이있는것으로나타났다 (P<0.05). A형간염의유병률은생활환경, 위생상태및경제여건에따라차이가있어, 후진국이나개발도상국에서는소아나청소년기에감염되고, 선진국에서는성인에서감염빈도가높다고보고되어있다 [1]. 우리나라의경우어린이들에게빈번히발생하던 A 형간염은 1980년대이후현저한감소상태를유지하다가 1990 년대중반이후성인에서 A형간염발생이증가하기시작하여그후환자보고가꾸준히증가하여왔다 [8, 9]. 최근국내에서도, 선진국과같은양상으로, 성인에서발생한급성바이러스간염중가장흔한원인이 A형간염 (56.4%) 으로보고되고있다 [10]. 이와같은 A형간염의발생률증가와빈발연령층의변화는 anti-hav 양성률의역학변화와밀접한관련을지닌다. 즉, 1980년대초에는 10세이상연령의경우 90% 정도에서자연면역에의해항체를획득하였으나 [2], 1989년보고에서는 10 대연령군의항체양성률이 65-85% 로감소하였고 [11], 1997년에는 10대연령군의항체양성률이 10% 미만으로감소하였다

5 Seroepidemiological Study of Hepatitis A 567 [12]. 1998년이후국내에서 A형간염백신접종이시작되었고, 2000년이후 anti-hav 양성률조사에대한보고가다수있어왔으나 [7, 13, 14], 대부분의연구가대상이적은규모이거나, 특정연령에국한되어있거나, 또는특정지역에국한된연구여서전국적양성률을반영하지못한다는문제점이있다. 본연구에서최근 4년동안전국의료기관에서면역여부판정을위하여단독의뢰된 anti-hav total의양성률은 62.8% 이었으며, 다른연구 [5] 에서보고된바와같이성별간에유의한차이는없는것으로나타났다. 반면, anti-hav IgM은 2007 년및 2008년들어남성의경우여성에비하여그양성률이유의하게높았으며, 4년동안전체양성자중 60.1% 를남성이차지하고있는것으로나타나최근들어급성 A형간염의발생이남성에서더욱급증하고있음을확인할수있었다. 본연구에서조사된 1-10세연령군의 anti-hav total 양성률은 2006년도질병관리본부에서조사된 8세이하연령항체양성률인약 55% [15] 에비하여 43.5% 로다소낮은편인데, 본연구의대상이보다전국적분포를이루고있었기때문에수도권또는한지역에집중된다른연구보다는낮게나타났을가능성등을추정해볼수있겠다. 우리나라에서는 A형간염에대한백신접종이약 10 년전인 1997년말부터시작되어최근신생아백신판매량으로유추된백신접종률이약 41.6% 정도임을 [16] 감안할때, 10 세이하연령군에서 anti-hav total 양성의주요인은백신접종에의한것으로추정할수있겠다. 한편 세연령군의경우다른연령군에비하여 anti-hav total 양성률이가장낮아 년각각 14.0%, 18.8%, 16.0% 및 20.4% 이었는데, 이결과는 Kim 등 [17] 이 2006년에보고한 10-14세 13.6% 및 15-19세 8% 의 anti-hav total 양성률에비하면높은편이다. 2005년이후학동전기와학동기연령에대한따라잡기캠페인이후로백신사용량의증가비율이높아져서백신판매량이 2005년약 75 만도스에서 2006년에는약 95만도스였던것으로보고되었는데 [16], 이들 11-20세군에서의최근 anti-hav total 양성률증가에대한가능한한가지설명이될수있겠으나, 본연구결과가건강인만을대상으로한다른연구보다는높게나타날수있을가능성도감안하여야하겠다. 2006년건강검진자를대상으로한 Song 등 [13] 의연구에의하면, 20-39세군의경우 anti-hav IgG 보유율이 37.0% (37/ 100), 40-69세군의경우 95.3% (143/150) 였다. 과거로부터지금까지우리나라에서행해져온다수의 A형간염에대한항체연구보고들 [4, 6, 11, 14] 이건강인이아닌환자대상이었던점을감안할때, 이러한수치들이건강인만을대상으로한항체양성률과는차이가있을가능성을배제할수는없으며, 추 후건강인을대상으로한더욱대규모의연구를통한검토도이루어져야할것으로사료된다. 한편, 본연구에서 21-30세군, 31-40세군및 41 세이상군모두에서 anti-hav total 양성률이연도증가에따라유의하게감소경향을보임이주목된다 (Fig. 1). Anti-HAV total 양성률이보다낮은연령군이해가지남에따라연령이증가하면서, 전체적인역학이좀더양성률이낮은방향으로점차적으로이동됨이그가능한원인중하나일것이라사료되며, 현상황으로미루어짐작해볼때, 성인에대한백신정책이변화되지않는한이들성인연령에서의 anti-hav total 보유율은앞으로더욱감소될것으로추정된다. Anti-HAV IgM 양성결과는급성 A형간염바이러스의감염을의미하므로, 그양성결과의증가는 A형간염의유병률증가를직접적으로반영한다고할수있겠다. A형간염은현재환자감시대상지정전염병으로분류되어있으며, 질병관리본부연도별표본감시체계신고건수를기준으로한우리나라전체 A형간염의연도별발생은 년각각 798건, 2,081건, 2,233 건및 7,895건으로, 2008년의경우 2005년대비약 10배, 2007 년대비약 3배증가한것으로파악되었다. 그러나 A형간염의경우신고누락으로인해신고건수가실제발생건수를정확히반영한다고는보기어렵고, 최근에비하여과거의경우신고누락은더욱많았을것으로추정된다. 본연구에서 anti-hav IgM 양성결과수는 년각각 426건, 814건, 713건및 1,613건으로, 2008년의경우양성결과가 2005년에비하여약 4배증가한것으로파악되었다 년의기간에걸쳐시행된 Lee 등 [4] 의연구에의하면, 최근 A형간염환자들의평균나이는 29세이었고, 20-39세사이연령의환자가 87.2% 를차지하였다고하며, 본연구에서도전체 anti-hav IgM 양성결과중 21-40세연령군이차지하는비율이전체양성결과의 81.8로유사한결과를보였다. 또한 21 세이상연령군들에서 anti-hav IgM 양성률이연도증가에따라유의하게증가경향을보임이관찰되었는데, 이는이들연령군에서의 anti-hav total 보유율감소경향과도직접적인관련이있으리라사료된다. 한편 41세이상연령군의경우상대적으로차지하는양성률이적은규모이기는하나, 2005년 1.1% (27/2,433) 에비하여 2008년 3.1% (150/4,791) 로연도증가에따라 anti-hav IgM 양성률이유의하게증가하고있어 (P<0.0001), 급성 A형간염발생이 41세이상연령군에서도점차증가되고있음을알수있었다. 이상의결과와같이, 특히 21세이상연령군들에서 anti- HAV total 보유율이점차낮아지고있고, 최근들어 A형간염

6 568 이안나 임현선 남정모외 3 인 발생연령이해가지날수록더욱높은연령으로확대되고있어, anti-hav IgG 음성인성인에서의예방접종에대해비용대비효율분석을통한보다적극적인대책마련이필요할것이라사료된다. 성인에서의급성 A형간염은그임상양상이소아와는크게다르게나타나는것으로보고되고있는데, A형간염은소아에서는주로불현성감염이대부분이어서증상을나타내는경우가 6세미만소아의경우약 30% 정도인반면, 연장소아나성인은 70% 이상이라고한다 [16]. 또한성인에서는때로전격간부전을일으키거나재발간염, 지속간염또는담즙정체간염등의비전형적인형태의임상경과를보일수있다 [18]. 특히 40세이상에서발생하는경우나만성 B형또는 C형간염, 알코올간염환자에서 A형간염이병발하면전격간염및사망이가능하며 [19, 20], 2006년 Heo 등 [21] 은, 간이식원인질환의 3.5% 가 A형간염이었다고보고한바있어, 성인에서의 A형간염방지를위한더욱적극적인대책마련이시급한것으로보인다. 우리나라는현재 A형간염발생률에있어전세계의중간수준 (intermediate endemicity) 의국가에속하는것으로파악되고있고, 현재 A형간염예방백신을권장하는성인접종대상자는 A형간염유행지역에거주하거나여행하는경우, 남성동성연애자, 혈액응고질환환자, 간염을연구하는연구소에종사하는사람, 만성간염환자등이다 [22]. 반면군대나전투경찰에서도급성 A형간염의집단발생이보고되어있는만큼 [23, 24], 기숙사와같은집단생활을하는청장년층및성인에대해서도 anti-hav IgG 음성군에대한보다적극적인예방지침확립이필요하리라사료된다. 본연구에서실시한 A형간염바이러스혈청표지자의역학조사결과는최근 4년간우리나라전체의성별, 연령별 A형간염항체보유율과급성 A형간염의감염률을반영하기에, 추후소아및성인에대한백신정책을수립하는데있어구체적인참고자료로삼을수있을것으로기대된다. 요약배경 : A형간염의효율적인예방정책의수립을위해서는 A 형간염항체보유율및발생률에대한전국적규모의역학조사가뒷받침되어야한다. 저자들은최근 4년동안본검사실에의뢰된 A형간염표지자검사결과를분석하여, A형간염항체보유율및급성 A형간염에대한역학변화를파악하고자하였다. 방법 : 2005년 1월부터 2008년 12 월까지전국각지의 1,699 개의료기관으로부터본검사실에전기화학발광면역분석법 (electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay, ECLIA) 방법으로의뢰된 11,068건의 anti-hav total 검사와 32,360건의 anti-hav IgM 검사결과를대상으로, 연도별, 성별, 연령별양성률을분석하였다. 결과 : 4년의기간동안 anti-hav total은 62.8% 의양성률을보였고, 남녀간에양성률의유의한차이는없었다. 연령별분석시, 21 세이상의연령군들에서는연도증가에따라 anti- HAV total 양성률이유의하게감소하였다. 전체 4년의기간동안 Anti-HAV IgM 양성률은 11.0% 이었고, 년각각 7.7%, 10.9%, 8.9% 및 14.3% 로연도증가에따라유의한증가경향을보였다 (P for trend <0.0001). 성별분석시남성 (11.8%) 의경우여성 (10.0%) 에비하여양성률이유의하게높았다. 연령별분석시 anti-hav IgM 양성결과중 21-40세연령이차지하는비율은 81.8% (2,916/3,566) 였고, anti-hav IgM 양성률은 21 세이상연령군들에서연도증가에따라유의한증가경향을보이고있음이관찰되었다 (P for trend <0.0001). 결론 : 최근 4년에걸쳐 21세이상의연령에서 anti-hav total 보유율이점차낮아짐과동시에, 급성 A형간염발생이연도증가에따라유의하게증가경향을보이는것으로분석되었다. 향후이들연령군에서의예방접종을비롯한보다적극적인대책마련이필요하며, 그에대한참고자료로본연구결과가유용하게사용될수있을것으로판단된다. 참고문헌 1. Brundage SC and Fitzpatrick AN. Hepatitis A. Am Fam Physician 2006;73: Hong WS and Kim CY. Seroepidemiology of type A and type B hepatitis in Seoul area. Korean J Med 1982;25: ( 홍원선및김정룡. 서울지역에있어서의 A형간염및B형간염바이러스감염에관한혈청역학적조사. 대한내과학회지 1982;25:19-26.) 3. Roh HO, Sohn YM, Park MS, Choi B, Bang KN, Ki M, et al. A seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis A virus in the healthy children and adolescent in Kyonggi-do province. Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 1997; 4: ( 노혜옥, 손영모, 박민수, 최보율, 방금녀, 기모란등. 경기도지역의건강한소아와청소년에서 A형간염바이러스의항체보유율에대한역학조사. 소아감염 1997;4:232-9.) 4. Lee D, Cho YA, Park Y, Hwang JH, Kim JW, Kim NY, et al. Hepatitis a in Korea: epidemiological shift and call for vaccine strategy. Intervirology 2008;51: Choi HJ, Lee SY, Ma SH, Kim JH, Hur JK, Kang JH. Age related prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus performed in Korea in Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 2005;12: ( 최혜진, 이수영, 마상혁, 김

7 Seroepidemiological Study of Hepatitis A 569 종현, 허재균, 강진한. 국내에서 2005년에실시한연령별 A형간염바이러스항체보유율. 소아감염 2005;12: ) 6. Kim TY, Sohn JH, Ahn SB, Son BK, Lee HL, Eun CS, et al. Comparison of recent IgG anti-hav prevalence between two hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Korean J Hepatol 2007;13: ( 김태엽, 손주현, 안상봉, 손병관, 이항락, 은창수등. 서울과경기지역두병원의최근A형간염항체양성률에대한비교조사. 대한간학회지 2007;13:363-9.) 7. Kwon YO, Choi IJ, Jung JW, Park JH. An epidemiologic study on the seropositive rate of hepatitis A virus among a selected group of children and adults in Busan. Korean J Pediatr 2007;50: ( 권영옥, 최임정, 정진화, 박지현. 부산지역소아및성인의 A형간염바이러스항체양성률에대한역학적조사. 대한소아과학회지 2007;50:262-7.) 8. Choi JO, Lee KY, Lee DJ, Han JW, Hwang SS, Lee KS. Outbreak of hepatitis A in TaeJon in 1996: clinical and epidemiologic study in children. Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 1997;4:90-6. ( 최진욱, 이경일, 이동준, 한지환, 황성수, 이경수. 1996년대전시서북부에서발생한 A형급성간염. 소아감염 1997;4:90-6.) 9. Kim H, Kim JH, Kim DU, Hur JK, Lee WB, Seo BK, et al. Epidemiological changes and clinical features of hepatitis A in children, living in Kyung-gi Province, since 1988 to Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 1998;5: ( 김현, 김종현, 김동언, 허재균, 이원배, 서병규등. 최근 10년간 ( ) 경기지역소아에서 A형간염의역학적변화및임상에관한연구. 소아감염 1998;5:230-8.) 10. Kang HM, Jeong SH, Kim JW, Lee D, Choi CK, Park YS, et al. Recent etiology and clinical features of acute viral hepatitis in a single center of Korea. Korean J Hepatol 2007;13: ( 강형민, 정숙향, 김진욱, 이동훈, 최창규, 박영수등. 단일병원에서경험한최근급성바이러스간염의원인및임상양상. 대한간학회지 2007;13: ) 11. Lim DS, Cho KH, Kim HC. Seroepidemiological study on anti-hav antibody in Cheon-Buk province in Korean J Med 1992;43: ( 임동석, 조규혜, 김학철. 1989년전북서북부지역에서의 A형바이러스성간염의역학적조사. 대한내과학회지 1992;43:57-65.) 12. Sohn YM, Rho HO, Park MS, Park JH, Choi BY, Ki M, et al. The changing epidemiology of hepatitis A in children and the consideration of active immunization in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2000;41: Song YB, Lee JH, Choi MS, Koh KC, Paik SW, Yoo BC, et al. The age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus antibody in Korea. Korean J Hepatol 2007;13: ( 송영봉, 이준혁, 최문석, 고광철, 백승운, 유병철등. 한국인건강검진자에서연령특이적 A형간염바이러스항체혈청양성률. 대한간학회지 2007;13:27-33.) 14. Kim DY, Ahn SH, Lee HW, Kim SU, Kim JK, Paik YH, et al. Antihepatitis A virus seroprevalence among patients with chronic viral liver disease in Korea. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;19: Kim JH, Kang JH, Seo K, Kim HM, Choi JY. A survey for seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis A and development of policy. Seoul: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006: Kim JH. Recent epidemiological status and vaccination of Hepatitis A in Korea. J Korean Med Ass 2008;51: ( 김종현. A형간염의최근국내역학상황과백신접종. 대한의사협회지 2008;51:110-8.) 17. Kim JH, Kang JH, Lee SY, Choi HA, Kim HM, Seo K, et al. A study for seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis A in Korea. Korean J Hepatol 2007;13:S27.( 김종현, 강진한, 이수영, 최현아, 김행미, 서경등. 국내 A형간염항체양성률에대한연구. 대한간학회지 2007;13:S27.) 18. Tong MJ, el-farra NS, Grew MI. Clinical manifestations of hepatitis A: recent experience in a community teaching hospital. J Infect Dis 1995;171(S1):S Keeffe EB. Is hepatitis A more severe in patients with chronic hepatitis B and other chronic liver diseases? Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90: Vento S, Garofano T, Renzini C, Cainelli F, Casali F, Ghironzi G, et al. Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis A virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 1998;338: Heo NY, Lim YS, Kang JM, Oh SI, Park CS, Jung SW, et al. Clinical features of fulminant hepatic failure in a tertiary hospital with a liver transplant center in Korea. Korean J Hepatol 2006;12: ( 허내윤, 임영석, 강정민, 오세일, 박찬선, 정석원등. 간이식센터가있는 3차의료기관에내원한전격간부전환자의임상적특징. 대한간학회지 2006;12: ) 22. Kang JH, Kim HB, Sohn JW, Lee SO, Chung MH, Cheong HJ, et al. Adult immunization schedule recommended by the Korean society of infectious diseases Infect Chemother 2008;40:1-13. ( 강진한, 김홍빈, 손장욱, 이상오, 정문현, 정희진등. 2007년대한감염학회권장성인예방접종권장안. 감염과화학요법 2008;40:1-13.) 23. Kang CI, Choi CM, Park TS, Lee DJ, Oh MD, Choe KW. Incidence and seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus infections among young Korean soldiers. J Korean Med Sci 2007;22: Lee CS, Lee JH, Kwon KS. Outbreak of hepatitis A in Korean military personnel. Jpn J Infect Dis 2008;61:

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