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1 근관절건강학회지제 23 권제 3 호, 2016 년 12 월 J Muscle Jt Health Vol , , December, 2016 ISSN (Print) ISSN x (Online) 간경변증환자의식이이행영향요인 윤미정 1 ) 민혜숙 2 ) 1) 울산과학대학교간호학과, 2) 동아대학교간호학과 Factors influencing Dietary Compliance in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Yun, Mi-Jeong 1) Min, Hye Sook 2) 1) Department of Nursing, Natural Science of Ulsan College, Ulsan 2) Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence dietary compliance in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted with a survey of 141 patients in liver cirrhosis who were treated at D-university hospital in Busan. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson s correlation coefficients, and a multiple regression were performed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 Program for windows. Results: The mean score was 3.47 in dietary compliance. Dietary compliance had a positive correlation with self-efficacy, perceived-benefit medical staff support, age, drink or not but had a negative correlation with perceived barrier. As a result of multiple regression analysis, self-efficacy and perceived-benefits explained 30.1% (F=7.69, p<.001) of the variance of dietary compliance. Conclusion: Dietary compliance was suggested to consider self-efficacy and perceived-benefits when developing a nutritional education programs for patients with liver cirrhosis. Key Words: Dietary compliance, Liver cirrhosis 서론 1. 연구의필요성 의료기술의발달로만성질환이점차증가하고있는추세로서특히만성질환인간질환은영양과잉과음주로인해유병률이증가하고있는실정이다 (Lee, Jung, & Lim, 2009). 간질환의하나인간경변증은정상간조직이섬유질로구성된흉터자국으로대체된상태로서, 바이러스성간염, 알콜성간염, 자가면역성간염그리고비알콜성지방간등다양한원인에의해발생된다 (Chung, 2002). 간경병증의치료목표는원인질환의치료를통해더이상의간손상을막고적극적인관리를통해간기능을의미있게호전시키는것으로 (Bae & Suh, 2001; Lee, 2012), 항바이러스제나항섬유화제와같은치료적약제의투 여를통해질병의원인을치료할뿐만아니라금주를포함한식이요법, 운동, 질병의증상관리등일상생활에서적극적인자가간호수행을통해생활습관을개선하는것이매우중요하다 (Lee, 2012). 간질환과관련된선행연구에서간의여러기능중영양의대사와저장기능이간경변증환자들에게특히강조되어왔다 (Byun et al., 2001). 간경변증은이미간의섬유화가진행되었기때문에간내혈류의흐름이나쁘고, 이는영양의소화흡수감소및영양의가공과저장능력의감소로이어진다 (Griffith & Schenker, 2006). 이러한영양학적기능의감소로인해간경병증환자는영양결핍을경험하게되는데, 간경변증환자의영양결핍은질병상태의심각성과관련성이높을뿐만아니라 (Byun et al., 2001; Griffith & Schenker, 2006; Yun & Min, 2015), 합병증및사망률증가와도밀접하게연관성이있다고 주요어 : 식이이행, 간경변증, 자기효능감, 지각된유익성 Corresponding author: Min, Hye Sook Department of Nursing, Dong-A University, 32 Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea. Tel: , Fax: , hsmin@dau.ac.kr Received: v 7, 2016 / Revised: v 22, 2016 / Accepted: v 22, 2016 c 2016 Korean Society of Muscle and Joint Health

2 윤미정 민혜숙 하겠다 (Huisman, Trip, Siersema, Hoek, & Erpecum, 2011). 간경변증환자들은간기능저하로인해영양불량을경험하기도하지만식욕부진이나오심, 혹은사회경제적인요인으로인한불충분한음식섭취, 그리고담즙산의생산감소혹은 neomycin이나 cholestyramine과같은약제의사용으로인한영양분의흡수장애등이영양불량의원인이된다고보고되었다 (Nardi, Tognana, Schiavo, & Caregaro, 2009). 그러므로간경변증환자들은자신의질병관리를위해매일적정한양의균형잡힌식이섭취이행을통해영양불량을예방해야한다 (Nardi et al., 2009). 그러나간경변증환자들의식이이행과관련하여이들의식이섭취정도와이에영향을미치는요인들을확인한연구는매우제한적이다. 간질환이아닌관상동맥질환자를대상으로한선행연구를살펴보면, 식이관련자기효능감, 지각된유익성, 지각된장애성, 가족지지, 의료인지지가식이이행에영향을미치는요인으로보고되었다 (Han, Lee, & Kim, 2007). 혈액투석환자의식이이행은식이관련자기효능감, 사회적지지와밀접한관련성이있는것으로 (Lee, 2007), 그리고당뇨환자의식이이행에서는환자의불안이나우울이영향을미치는것으로보고되었다 (Jeon et al., 2008; Kim & Kang, 2008). 앞서서술하였듯이간경변증환자의영양상태는환자의질병상태에미치는영향력이매우크기때문에영양상태를양호하게유지하는것은매우중요하다고하겠다. 그러나간경변증환자를대상으로이들의영양증진을위해식이이행을촉진시키거나저해시키는요인을확인한연구는없는실정이다. 그러므로본연구에서는선행연구를기초로만성질환자의식이이행정도와관련성이있는변수로제시된간경변증식이관련지식, 자기효능감, 지각된유익성, 지각된장애성, 지각된심각성, 가족지지, 의료인지지, 우울등이간경변증환자의식이이행에영향을미치는요인인지를확인하고자한다. 본연구결과는간경변증환자의자가간호이행을증진시키기위한프로그램개발의기초자료를제시하는데기여할것으로생각한다. 2. 연구목적본연구는간경변증환자의식이이행과관련된영향요인을조사하고자하는것으로, 구체적인목적은다음과같다. 간경변증환자의식이이행정도를파악한다. 간경변증환자의식이관련지식, 자기효능감, 지각된유익성, 지각된장애성, 지각된심각성, 가족지지, 의료인지지, 우울을파악한다. 간경변증환자의식이이행과식이이행관련요인 ( 식이관련지식, 자기효능감, 지각된유익성, 지각된장애성, 지각된심각성, 가족지지, 의료인지지, 우울 ) 간의관련성을파악한다. 간경변증환자의식이이행에영향을미치는요인을파악한다. 연구방법 1. 연구설계 본연구는간경변증환자의식이관련지식, 자기효능감, 지각된유익성, 지각된장애성, 지각된심각성, 가족지지, 의료인지지, 우울그리고식이이행간의관련성을분석한후이들요인들이식이이행에미치는영향력을확인하기위한상관성연구이다. 2. 연구대상본연구의대상자는간경변증진단하에부산소재 D대학병원에서외래치료를받고있는만 18세이상의성인으로, 본연구의목적을이해하고연구참여를동의한 148명을대상으로하였다. 본연구대상자의수는 G*Power 3.1 프로그램으로계산하였을때중간정도의효과크기인.15, 유의수준.05, 통계적검정력.80, 영향요인 10으로하여대상자수를산출한결과최소 118명이필요하였으며, 대상자탈락률 20% 를고려하여 148 명을연구대상으로하였다. 응답자중대부분의문항을불성실한응답을보인 7명의자료를제외하고, 최종적으로 141명의설문자료를본연구에서사용하였다. 3. 연구도구 1) 식이이행측정도구식이이행이란치료적요법에부합한식이행위를하는것 (Rudd, Tul, & Brown, 1979) 으로, 본연구에서는 Yun과 Min (2015) 이개발한간경변증환자의식이이행도구를이용하였다. 본설문지는총 14문항으로이루어져있으며 전혀하지않는다 에 1점부터 아주잘하고있다 에 5점을부여하는 5점척도로서, 점수가높을수록이행정도가높음을의미한다. Yun과 Min (2015) 의연구에서 Cronbach s 는.69였으며, 본연구에서 Cronbach s 는.65였다. 180 Korean Society of Muscle and Joint Health

3 간경변증환자의식이이행영향요인 2) 간경변증식이관련지식측정도구본연구에서는 Kim (1989), Kim (2013) 및간경변증진료가이드라인 (Korean Association for the Study of the Liver [KASL], 2011) 를바탕으로연구자가개발한간경변증식이관련지식도구를이용하여측정하였다. 기존의문헌고찰을바탕으로개발된 1차지식도구는간호학과교수 1인, 간질환전문내과교수 1인, 간경변증환자간호경험이있는 10년이상의임상간호사 8인의총 10인에게도구의내용타당도를의뢰하여 Content Validity Index (CVI) 값이평균 0.8점이상인문항만을최종문항으로선정하였다. 본연구도구는영양섭취방법 7 문항, 염분및수분 4문항, 섭취방법 2문항의총 13문항으로구성되었다. 각문항에대해 맞다, 틀리다, 모른다 로답하게하였으며, 맞을경우 1점, 틀리거나모를경우 0점으로계산하여총 13점을만점으로하였다. 점수가높을수록지식정도가높음을의미한다. 3) 식이자기효능감측정도구자기효능감이란개인이결과를얻는데필요한특정행동을성공적으로수행할수있다는자신감의지각정도 (Bandura, 1986) 로, 식이자기효능감이란식이행동에대한자기효능을의미한다. 본연구에서는 Hickey, Owen과 Froman (1992) 이개발한 Cardiac Diet Self Efficacy Index (CDSEI) 를수정 보완하여사용한 Han 등 (2007) 의식이자기효능감측정도구중간경변증환자의섭취와맞지않는지방또는탄수화물섭취제한과관련된 3개의문항을제거하고 5문항을수정하여사용하였다. 삭제된문항을살펴보면, 지방과콜레스테롤섭취를줄일수있다, 일주일에먹는계란량을제한할수있다 와 설탕과단음식섭취를줄일수있다 이었다. 점수가높을수록식이에대한자기효능감이높음을의미한다. Han 등 (2007) 의연구에서는 Cronbach s 는.87이었고본연구에서의 Cronbach s 는.70이었다. 4) 지각된유익성측정도구지각된유익성은질병에대한건강관련행위수행시자신에게이득이될것이라고지각하는것을의미한다 (Strecher & Rosenstock, 1997). 본연구에서는 Moon (1990) 의건강신념측정도구를수정한 Han 등 (2007) 의지각된유익성측정도구를이용하였다. 본설문지는총 10문항으로 7점척도이며, 점수가높을수록지각된유익성이높음을의미한다. Han 등 (2007) 의 Cronbach s 는.93이었고, 본연구에서의 Cronbach s 는.91이었다. 5) 지각된장애성측정도구지각된장애성은건강관련행위를수행하는데따르는부정적인측면으로불편감, 불쾌감, 높은비용, 고통, 위험 ( 부작용이나나쁜결과 ) 에대해지각하는것을의미한다 (Strecher & Rosenstock, 1997). 본연구에서는 Moon (1990) 의건강신념측정도구를토대로한 Han 등 (2007) 의지각된장애성측정도구를이용하였다. 하부영역으로성격요인 (3문항), 경제적요인 (2문항), 가족요인 (2문항) 의총 7문항으로 7점척도이며, 점수가높을수록지각된유익성이높은것을의미한다. Han 등 (2007) 의연구에서 Cronbach s 는.93이었고본연구에서의 Cronbach s 는.75였다. 6) 지각된심각성측정도구지각된심각성은질병이자신에게심각한결과를가져오리라고지각하는것을의미한다 (Strecher & Rosenstock, 1997). 본연구에서는 Moon (1990) 의건강신념측정도구를토대로한 Han 등 (2007) 의지각된심각성측정도구를이용하였다. 본설문지는총 6문항으로 7점척도이며, 점수가높을수록지각된유익성이높은것을의미한다. Han 등 (2007) 의연구에서는 Cronbach s 는.93이었고본연구에서의 Cronbach s 는.90이었다. 7) 사회적지지측정도구사회적지지란개인이필요할때도움이나감정이입을제공받을수있다는믿음과유용한지지에대한만족이다 (Sarason, Pierce, Shearin, Sarason, & Waltz, 1991). 본연구에서는 Kim (1993) 이개발하고 Lee (2007) 가수정 보완한도구를사용하였다. 본설문지는가족지지 10문항과의료인지지 8문항으로총 18문항으로구성되었다. 각문항의점수는 5점척도이며점수가높을수록가족지지나의료인지지가높다고인지함을의미한다. Kim (1993) 의연구에서는가족지지 Cronbach s 는.93이었고의료인지지 Cronbach s 는.88이었다. 본연구에서의가족지지와의료인지지의 Cronbach s 는각각.95와.92였다. 8) 우울측정도구우울이란슬픈감정이심하고의기소침한상태와사고및활동저하를나타내는부정적감정반응을말한다 (avage et al., 1982). 본연구에서는 Radloff (1977) 가개발한 Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) 를 Chon, Choi 와 Yang (2001) 이번안한통합적한국판 CES-D 척도를사용하 Vol ,

4 윤미정 민혜숙 여우울정도를측정하였다. 통합적한국판 CES-D는 20문항으로구성되었으며, 4점척도로점수가높을수록우울의정도가심한것을의미한다. Chon, Choi와 Yang (2001) 의연구에서 Cronbach s 는.91이었다. 본연구에서의 Cronbach s 는.81이었다. 4. 자료수집 되어수집된자료의비밀이보장됨을설명하였다. 관련규정을준수하여합법적인절차에따라문서화된자료는연구종료후폐기하였다. 연구결과 1. 대상자의일반적특성 자료수집을위해부산시소재 D대학병원의간호부와간센터를방문하여관리자의허락을얻은후본연구의책임연구자가직접대상자선정기준에맞는간경변증환자를대상으로이들에게연구의목적과방법을설명하고참여에동의를얻은후 2014년 4월 15일부터 7월 31일에걸쳐자료수집하였다. 자료수집은연구참여에동의한환자를대상으로설문지를배부하여자가기입하도록하였으며, 대상자가읽고쓰는데어려움이있는경우사전교육을받은연구보조자 2명이질문을읽어준후응답을대신표기하였다. 연구보조자는자료수집전에연구자로부터연구의목적과절차에대해설명을듣고설문지에대한내용과작성법에대해교육을받도록하였다. 자료수집은간센터진료대기실에서진행되었으며, 설문작성시간은 20~ 30분정도소요되었다. 연구대상자의일반적특성을파악하기위해대상자의성별, 연령, 결혼상태, 학력, 유병기간, 흡연여부, 음부여부, 지지모임여부, 입원경험여부, 기저질환을조사하였으며그결과는 Table 1과같다. 연구대상자의성별은남자가 89명 (63.1%) 으로여자 52명 (36.9%) 보다많았고, 연령은 65세이하가 115명 (81.6%) 으로많았으며, 결혼상태는기혼이 120명 (85.1%) 으로제일많았고, 유병기간은 12개월초과가 122명 (86.5%) 으로대부분이었다. 흡연여부는현재담배를피우지않는경우가 106명 (75.2%) 으로대다수였으며, 현재술을마시지않는경우가 98명 (69.5%) 이다. 간경변증환자들의지지모임이없는경우가 134명 (95.0 %) 이었으며, 입원경험이없는경우가 80명 (56.7%), 기저질환은없는경우가 90명 (63.8%) 이었다. 5. 자료분석 2. 대상자의식이이행과식이이행관련요인 수집된자료는 SPSS/WIN 20.0 프로그램을이용하여대상자의일반적특성은실수와백분율로, 대사자의식이이행, 식이지식, 자기효능감, 지각된유익성, 지각된장애성, 지각된심각성, 가족지지, 의료인지지, 우울은평균과표준편차를, 식이이행과관련요인간의상관관계분석은 Pearson correlation coefficients, 식이이행영향요인은 multiple regressions을사용하였다. 6. 윤리적고려및동의연구에대한윤리적고려를위하여본교생명윤리심의위원회 (IRB) 로부터연구승인을받았으며 ( 승인번호 ; AB- N HR-18-02) 이후본연구에적합한대상자에게는연구동의에대한구체적인설명을하였다. 연구대상자는연구에자의적으로참여하도록하였으며, 연구도중원하면언제든지연구를중지할수있음을설명하였다. 또한수집된자료는연구목적으로사용되어질것과연구대상자는익명으로처리 간경변증환자의식이이행정도는평균 3.47점이었다. 간경변증환자의식이이행관련요인들의점수를보면지식 9.12점, 자기효능감 5.10점, 지각된유익성 6.31점, 지각된장애성 2.57 점, 지각된심각성 4.54점, 가족지지 4.29점, 의료인지지 4.29 점, 우울 1.85점으로나타났다 (Table 2). 3. 대상자의식이이행과식이이행관련요인간의상관관계간경변증환자의식이이행과연구변수간상관관계를분석한결과식이이행과자기효능감 (r=.50, p<.001), 지각된유익성 (r=.35, p<.001), 지각된장애성 (r=-.27, p=.001), 의료인지지 (r=.21, p=.005) 간에는유의한상관관계가있었다 (Table 3). 4. 대상자의식이이행에영향을미치는요인간경변증환자의식이이행관련영향요인을파악하기위하 182 Korean Society of Muscle and Joint Health

5 간경변증환자의식이이행영향요인 여식이지식, 자기효능감, 지각된유익성, 지각된장애성, 지각된심각성, 가족지지, 의료인지지, 우울등을독립변수로 입력 방법을적용한다중회귀분석을실시하였다. 회귀분석에대한기본가정을검토하기위하여독립변수들간의상관관계를분석한결과상관계수가.064~.503로나타나영향요인들간의상관관계는독립적이었다. 오차의다중공선성의문제를파악하기위한공차한계가.774~.928로 1.0 이하로나타났고, 분산팽창인자 (VIF) 도 1.078~1.324로기준인 10에못미치는것으로나타나다중공선성의문제는없는것으로파악되었다. 다음으로잔차의가정을충족하기위한검정결과, 정규성, 등분산성, 선형성의 가정도만족하였으며자기상관성검증에서는 Durbin-Watson 통계량이 2.306로자기상관이없는것으로확인되었으며, 특이값을검토하기위한 Cook's distance의최댓값도.294로 1.0을초과하는것이없어특이값도없는것으로나타났다. 따라서다중회귀분석을시행하기위한가본가정은충족되었다. 분석결과간경변증환자의식이이행에영향을미치는요인으로는자기효능감, 지각된유익성이통계적으로유의한영향요인로나타났다. 즉, 식이관련자기효능감이높을수록 (β=.36, p<.001), 지각된유익성이높을수록 (β=.17, p=.041) 식이이행도가높았으며, 전체설명력은 30.1% 였다. Table 1. General Characteristics of the Participants (N=141) Characteristics Categories n (%) Gender Male 89 (63.1) Female 52 (36.9) Age (year) Marital state Education Disease period (month) Smoking Drinking Social support meeting Hospitalization experience Underlying disease 65 >66 Unmarried Married Widowed/divorced/ separated <Middle school Middle-high school Above college 12 > (81.6) 26 (18.4) 7 (5.0) 120 (85.1) 14 (9.9) 46 (32.7) 59 (41.8) 36 (25.5) 19 (13.5) 122 (86.5) 35 (24.8) 106 (75.2) 43 (30.5) 98 (69.5) 6 (4.3) 134 (95.0) 61 (43.3) 80 (56.7) 51 (36.2) 90 (63.8) 논의 본연구에서는간경변증환자들이자신의질병관리를위해서일상생활에서지속적으로치료지시를철저하게이행해야하며, 특히영양상태가질병의예후에매우중요한요인이기때문에치료지시의여러영역중에서도영양섭취는매우중요하다고하겠다. 이에본연구에서는간경병증환자의식이이행과이에영향을미치는요인을확인하였고, 연구결과식이관련자기효능감과지각된유익성이간경변증환자의식이이행에영향을미치는의미있는요인으로분석되었다. 구체적으로연구결과를살펴보면다음과같다. 본연구에서간경변증환자의식이이행정도는 5점만점중평균 3.47점으로선행연구결과 3.67점과유사하였다 (Jung & Min, 2007). 간경변증환자들이응답한치료지시이행의 3.47 점은식이이행정도를 보통이다 (3점) 에서 잘하는편이다 (4 점 ) 의중간쯤되는점수로서간경변증환자대상의치료지시이행정도를조사한연구에서병원방문및정기검진영역의이행정도가 5점만점중 4.63점 (Jung & Min, 2007) 인것과비교해볼때식이이행정도는낮은것으로생각된다. 이는식이이행은오랜기간동안형성되어온습관이기때문에식이습관을다시새롭게형성한다는것은매우어려운생활양식이라고판 Table 2. The Mean Points of the Association Factor for the Dietary Compliance (N=141) Variables Categories M±SD Scale Dependent variable Dietary compliance 3.47±0.54 1~5 Independent variable Knowledge Diet self-efficacy Perceived-benefits Perceived-barriers Perceived-seriousness Family support Medical personnel support Depression 9.12± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.67 0~13 1~7 1~7 1~7 1~7 1~5 1~5 0~3 Vol ,

6 윤미정 민혜숙 Table 3. Correlation of Dietary Compliance among Factors (N=141) Variables X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) r(p) X1 1 X2.16 (.027) 1 X3.50 (<.001).05 (.250) 1 X4.35 (<.001).23 (.002).34 (<.001) 1 X (.001).06 (.232) -.36 (<.001) -.14 (.056) 1 X (.072).17 (.024) -.12 (.086).08 (.196).17 (.019) 1 X7.11 (.091) -.03 (.311).11 (.104).12 (.076) -.15 (.043).03 (.770) 1 X8.21 (.005).10 (.141).14 (.049).28 (<.001) -.06 (.231).03 (.317).42 (<.001) 1 X9.06 (.226).08 (.174) -.05 (.287) -.07 (.207).17 (.022).13 (.091) -.05 (.258).05 (.255) 1 X1=Dietary compliance; X2=Knowledge; X3=Diet self-efficacy; X4=Perceived-benefits; X5=Perceived-barriers; X6=Perceived-seriousness; X7=Family support; X8=Medical personnel support; X9=Depression. Table 4. Factors Influencing Dietary Compliance (N=141) Variables B β t p Knowledge Diet self-efficacy <.001 Perceived-benefits Perceived-barriers Perceived-seriousness Family support Medical personnel support Depression R 2 =.35, Arj. R 2 =.30, F=7.69, p<.001 단된다. 본연구에서는선행연구와참고문헌을기초로하여간경변증환자의식이에영향을미칠것으로예상되는변수들을확인하였다. 분석결과간경변증환자의식이이행에가장영향력을크게미치는요인은자기효능감이었다. 간경변증환자들을대상으로식이이행과자기효능감간의관련성을확인한선행연구가없어서본연구결과를지지하는선행연구결과를제시할수는없지만고혈압, 당뇨, 관절염, 만성폐색성폐질환, 만성신증후군, 만성위궤양그리고관상동맥질환자들을대상으로한연구에서이들의식이이행과자기효능감간에정적상관관계가있음을보고하였다 (Han et al., 2007; Son & Park, 2005). 또한간경변증으로진행될수있는만성B형간염환자를대상으로한 Yang (2011) 의연구에서도자가관리이행은자가관리의중요성인지, 자기효능감과정적상관관계를보고하였고특히, 자기효능감은자가관리이행에영향을미치는변수로보고하였다. 이러한연구결과는본연구의결과는지지한다고하겠다. 이런결과들을유추해볼때간경변증환자가식이이행에 대한자기효능감이높을수록식이이행을잘실천할수있을것으로판단된다. 또한연구결과간경변증환자의식이이행에영향을미치는요인은간경변증식이에대한지각된유익성이었다. 즉환자스스로간경변증식이에대해지각하고있는유익성이좋을수록간경변증환자의식이이행정도가좋음을의미한다. 본연구에서지각된유익성을측정하기위해사용된도구의내용을살펴보면 음식조절이간경변증관리에중요하다고생각한다, 음식조절을하면건강에대한자신감이생길것이다, 음식조절을함으로써나의건강한노후생활이보장될것이라고생각한다 등의항목으로표현된다. 이들항목에서보듯이식이이행이간경변증을관리하는데유익하다고생각할수록식이이행을잘하는것으로나타났다. 이러한결과는만성질환인관상동맥질환자들을대상으로한연구에서치료식이가자신의건강에이익이될것이라는신념이높을수록치료적식이이행에긍정적인영향을미친다는결과와일치하는것이다 (Han et al., 2007). 간경변증환자는영양상태가나쁠수록합병증발생, 질 184 Korean Society of Muscle and Joint Health

7 간경변증환자의식이이행영향요인 병의예후및사망률에부정적인영향을미치므로 (Huisman et al., 2011; Lee, 2012), 간경변증환자의양호한영양상태를유지하기위한식이이행을촉진하기위하여치료적식이이행에대한유익성을충분히전달할수있도록교육적중재가필요할것으로판단된다. 본연구에서는간경변증환자의식이이행과관련된자기효능감과지각된유익성변수이외에도대상자의간경변증관련지식, 의료인지지와가족지지, 간경변증으로인한지각된장애성과지각된심각성, 그리고우울정도가식이이행과영향을미치는지확인하였는데, 이들변수들이간경변증환자의식이이행에영향을미치는변수들은아니었지만, 지각된장애성과의료인지지와는식이이행정도와밀접한상관성이있는것으로확인되었다. 지각된장애성은건강관련행위를수행함에있어수행을방해하는부정적인측면을지각하는것으로 (Strecher & Rosenstock, 1997), 본연구에서는 가정, 사회생활때문에음식조절할시간적인여유가없다, 계속적인음식조절로인해가족에게부담을줄것이라고생각한다 등의항목으로측정하였다. 본연구에서는치료식이로인해일상생활이나사회생활이힘들다고생각할수록식이이행이낮은것으로분석되었다. 간경변증환자의식이이행을높이기위해서는일상생활이나사회생활속에서치료식이를수행함에있어개인이처해있는상황을극복할수있도록각개인에게적합한방식의개별적치료식이를중재가필요가있는것으로판단된다. 또한의료인의정보적이고정서적인지지체계로서역할을의미하는의료인지지도치료식이의이행과밀접한관련성이있는것으로확인되었다. 이는환자가치료식이를실행함에있어전문가로서의의료인의역할을강조하는것으로서, 간경변증환자의식이이행을높이기위해간호사는간경변증환자와의밀착된관계를형성하도록하며, 이들관계망을통해환자에게필요한교육적중재와더불어정서적인공감대를형성한다면환자들이치료적식이이행을증진시키는데있어긍정적인효과가있을것으로생각된다. 본연구에서식이관련지식은간경변증환자의식이이행과관련이없는것으로나타났다. 이러한결과는간경변증에대한지식정도가높을수록자가간호행위가증가한다고한선행연구결과 (Bae & Suh, 2001) 와상반되는결과이지만, Jung, Min 과 Song (2007) 의연구들에서도지식이높아진다고자가간호수행정도가높아지는것이아니라는결과도있었고, 혈액투석환자를대상으로한 Lee (2007) 의연구에서도식이요법지식과식이요법이행간에는상관관계가없는것으로보고하여 질병에관한지식이건강증진행위에필요하나지식이증가한다고반드시건강증진행위가증가되지는않는다는것을확인하였다. 이상의결과를통하여간경변증환자의식이이행정도를높이기위해서는환자에게식이이행에대한자기효능감을증진시키고간경변증의자기관리에대한유익성을충분히인지시키는것이필요하다고하겠다. 또한의료인의지지가간경변증환자의식이이행과정적관계가있는것으로확인되었는데, 환자의자기효능감과건강관리에대한유익성을증진시키기위한전략수행이간호사의적극적인중재로이어진다면긍정적인효과를가져올것으로판단된다. 결론 본연구는간경변증환자의식이이행의영향요인을규명함으로써간경변증환자의식이이행을높이기위한간호중재방안을개발하는자료로활용하고자연구를시도하였다. 본연구에참여한간경변증환자는간경변증식이이행정도가 5점만점중 3.47점이었고, 이들환자의식이이행에영향을미치는요인은자기효능감, 지각된유익성이었다. 또한간경변증환자의식이이행은지각된장애성과의료인지지와밀접한관련성이있음이확인되었다. 그러므로간경변증환자의식이이행을높이기위해서는간경변증관련식이에대한자기효능감과지각된유익성을높일수있는간호학적전략의모색이필요할것으로판단된다. 본연구를통해다음과같은내용은제언한다. 첫째, 간경변증의진행정도 ( 심각성의단계 ) 에따라식이이행에영향을미치는요인을비교분석할것을제언한다. 둘째, 간경변증환자의식이이행증진을돕기위해본연구결과를고려한식이이행증진프로그램의개발을제언한다. REFERENCES Bae, H. O., & Suh, S. R. (2001). Effect of structured information provided on knowledge and self care behavior of liver cirrhosis patients. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing, 13(3), Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Byun, J. W., Kang, M. S., Yoon, C. O., Park, G. T., Lee, O, Y., Yoon, B. C., et al. (2001). Assessment of malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis. Korean Journal of Medicine, 61(4), Chon, K. K., Choi, S. J., & Yang, B. C. (2001). Integrated adaptation of CES-D in Korea. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 6(1), Vol ,

8 윤미정 민혜숙 Chung, J. M. (2002). Management of the patients with liver cirrhosis. Inje Medical Journal, 23(2), Griffith, C. M., & Schenker, S. (2006). The role of nutritional therapy in alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Research and Health, 29(4), Han, S. S., Lee, J. I., & Kim, Y. J. (2007). Predicting factors on eating behavior in coronary artery disease patients. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 37(7), Hickey, M. L., Owen, S. V., & Froman, R. D. (1992). Instrument development: Cardiac diet and exercise self-efficacy. Nursing Research, 41(6), Huisman, E. J., Trip, E. J., Siersema, P. D., Hoek, B., & Erpecum, K. J. (2011). Protein energy malnutrition predicts complications in liver cirrhosis. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 23(11), Jeon, B. H., Kim, H. W., Kim, H. J., Lim, M. H., Lee, S. B., Paik, K. C., et al. (2008). The relationship of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms to glycemic control in diabetic patients. Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine, 16(2), Jung, K. S., & Min, H. S. (2007). The relations among self-care, symptom experiences, and disease status of the patient with liver cirrhosis. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing, 19(2), Jung, K. S., Min, H. S., & Song, Y. S. (2007). Effect of structured information provided on self care knowledge, self care performance, and functional status of liver cirrhosis patients. Korean Academic Society of Rehabilitation Nursing, 10(1), Kim, N. Y. (2013). Effects of the low-salt diet program for ascites management in patients with liver cirrhosis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ewha Womans University, Seoul. Kim, O. S. (1993). Study on the correlation between perceived social support and the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Unpublished master's thesis, Seoul University, Seoul. Kim, S. H. (1989). A study on the relationship between the family support perceived by the patient, knowledge of hepatitis and compliance in B hepatitis patients. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul. Kim, S. H., & Kang, H. S. (2008). The relationship between depression, self-care activity and HbA₁c in clients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of the Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing, 15(2), Korean Association for the Study of the Liver. (2011, December 01). Medical Guidelines: 2011 Clinical Practice Guideline. Retrieved October 19, 2015, from 1&number=48&mode=view Lee, C. H. (2012). Special review: Management of liver cirrhosis. Korean Journal of Medicine, 82(2), Lee, J. Y. (2007). A study on effectiveness of dietary self-efficacy, dietary knowledge and social support for exercise-diet compliance of patients on hemodialysis. Unpublished master's thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul. Lee, M. Y., Jung, H. R., & Lim, C. H. (2009). Comparative analysis per area of the liver diseases in ultrasound diagnosis of healthcare center. Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 9(3), Moon, J. S. (1990). A study of instrument development health belief of Korean adults. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yonsei University, Seoul. Nardi, M., Tognana, G., Schiavo, G., & Caregaro, L. (2009). Nutritional support in liver cirrhosis. Nutritional Therapy and Metabolism, 27(4), Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), Rudd, P., Tul, V., & Brown, K. (1979). Hypertension consitution adherence. Archives Internal Medicine, 139(3), Sarason, B. R., Pierce, G. R., Shearin, E. N., Sarason, I. G., & Waltz, J. A. (1991). Perceives social support and working models of self and actual others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(2), Son, Y. J., & Park, Y. R. (2005). The relationships of family support, self-efficacy and self-care performance in patients with chronic illness. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing, 17(5), Strecher, V. J., & Rosenstock, I. M. (1997). The health belief model. In K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer, F. M. Lewis (Eds.), Health behavior and health education theory research and practice (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Yang, J. H. (2011). Factors influencing self-management compliance of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Journal of the Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing, 18(4), avage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., et al. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), Yun, M. J., & Min, H. S. (2015). Relationships among dietary compliance, nutritional status and stages of disease in patients with liver cirrhosis. Journal of Muscle and Health, 22(3), Korean Society of Muscle and Joint Health

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