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1 J. Aquaculture Vol. 20(3) : , 2007 µ Journal of Aquaculture Korean Aquaculture Society 사육조건에따른 Saddleback clownfish, Amphiprion polymnus 자치어의성장과생존, qn 1, np 2 *, t 2, ud 3, n 4, rn 5 1 tv m s, (v) f, 2d p, 3tv mdrpn, 4 mf, 5tv m n Growth and Survival of Saddleback clownfish, Amphiprion polymnus with Culture Conditions Sum Rho, Young-Seock Yoon 1, Young-Ung Choi 2*, Min-Min Jung 2, Jong-Su Kim 3, Gyoung-Ane Noh 4 and Young-Don Lee 5 Faculty of Applied Marine Science Cheju National University, Jeju , Korea 1 Pacific Land Co. Seogwipo-si, Jeju , Korea 2 Jeju Fisheries Research Institute, NFRDI, Jeju , Korea 3 Jeju Fisheries Resource Research Institute, Jeju , Korea 4 Department of Aquaculture, Pukyoung National University, Busan , Korea 5 Marine and Environment Research Institute, Cheju National University, Jeju , Korea We investigated the effect of salinity decrease, food supply and color of the rearing tank on the growth and survival of Amphiprion polymnus larvae. White tanks had the highest survival rate, followed by transparency, black and blue tanks (P<0.05). The transparency tank had the best growth, followed by black tank, white and blue tanks (P<0.05). Daily food intakes of larvae with 5.1~10.0 mm in total length were 36.8~429.3 Artemia nauplii. When salinity was lowered 5 psu per week from 32 psu, all the larvae died under salinity condition 17 psu. In lowered 2 psu per 3 days, its all died at 16 psu. Keywords: Amphiprion polymnus, Saddleback clownfish, Tank coloration, Food intake, Salinity l ep ƒv p clownfish 2~3 p pep eq ˆ m vp orl spp kv p p(hoff, 1996). kel q lp q sp osl l v np rp om m(kang et al., 2004; Chang et al., 2002; Rho et al., 2006), p(wilkerson, 1998; Hwang et al., 2000; Rho and Jung, 1993), os p (Duray et al., 1996; Dendrinos et al., 1984; Ostrowski, 1989) p m p. p l saddleback clownfish, Amphiprion polymnusp k rrp sp p rp rvrp mr, Artemia nauplii, os p p sl q lp q spp m. *Corresponding author: choiyu04@hanmail.net h e l pn saddleback clownfish ql ol ˆp Burapha l kp 2m ol p ek p l 5 pl kp 4p w lsl q~ rq s(yoon et al., 2005)l eˆ ~pl. ql os( cm)l m 26.5±0.5 o C, m 32.0 psu t(l:d) 16:8 sp ov o m. p Rotifer, Brachionus rotundiformis Isochrysis galbana, Tetraselmis suecica, Nannochloropsis oculata. 3:3:4 kkp mk l 18e ml 10~ n m. lo i mhm m ol osp l qlp q spp s 178

2 osl Saddleback clownfish q lp q s 179 o 6L np k s r, Ž, p } sm tp p n Œ s l e m. e p sl 20j n l 3 ee m, p 10~/mLp rotifer mp 2~3e s k p l p ove. omp 26.0±0.5 o C, mp 32.0±0.5 psu ov m, t(l:d) 16:8 sr m. p 22:00el kp p r sp p ~ op 50% m. qp p 10el handlingl p dd o 5mmo e l Ž k v l q~ rq k nl(8 3 9 cm) ql l v (Olympus, Japan) m, Image Scope (Imageline, USA) pn l r m p s~ s m. mh mi Artemia nauplii ql ql Artemia naupliip ppep s o 5pw 2~3p p rqp 5.1±0.2 mm, 6.4±0.2 mm, 7.2±0.4 mm, 8.4±0.4 mm, 9.3±0.3 mm 10.0±0.4 mmp ql 500 ml pƒl 2j n 3 p ppep s m. ql rqp 5.1±0.2 mm, 6.4±0.2 mmp v p Artemia nauplii 100, 200, 300, ~ m, ql rqp 7.2±0.4 mm p l 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700~, ql rq 8.4±0.4 mm, 9.3±0.3 mmp l 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 ~ ql rqp 10.0±0.4 mmp 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400~ m. e p 06e 22e v 16ek p k p Artemia nauplii l ep s m. p qlp l ppep Suschenya (1975)p p ep l. Daily food intake (r) = v(k-kt)24/nt ll V pƒ n, K e eqe Artemia nauplii ~, Kt te Artemia nauplii ~, np ql, t e ep. qlp rq ppep Ivlev (1961)p p e p pn l m p ƒ Micro CAL Origin (Version 7.0, USA)p m. Daily food intake (r) = M(1-e -εp ) l Mp e, εp, P p. i i hm ol m l lp spp rq 24.1~31.8 mm p 60p lp p s m. e p 6 L np k sl mp 7p p 5 psuj e ˆ e Am 3p p 2 psuj eˆ e B l 10j 3 ee m. e k mp 25.5±0.5 o C, ph 7.8~8.3 o C pl. p Tigriopus japonicus m qln q (200~400 µm, Otohime Co.) m. p s rp ~ 30% tl, p mp e Am Bp sl l sr m. s~ p 22el s m. z e ANOVA-test ee Duncan s multiple range test } l opp SPSS Version 10.0 (SPSS, Michigan Avenue, Chicago. IL, USA)p pn l m. lo i mhm m ol os p r, Œ, Ž, p s l 5p k o qlp q spp Table 1 Fig. 1l ˆ. e qlp rqp q p 4.9±0.3 mml 3pwl r sm Œs l 5.3±0.3 mm 5.3±0.2 mm Ž sl 5.1±0.3 mm, sl 5.0±0.3 mm (P<0.05). 5pw, Œ sl qlp rqp 6.2±0.3 mm q (P<0.05), pp rs 5.9±0.4 mm, s 5.8±0.1 mm Žs 5.5±0.2 mm pl(table 1, Fig. 1, P<0.05). spp 2pw s, r s Œ sl 85.0, % p ll (P>0.05), Ž sl 50.0% q k(p<0.05). e sel s, Œsl 55.0, 50.0% Ž s 25.0% r sl 40.0% s pp lp pl(table 1, Fig. 1. P<0.05). Table 1. Growth and survival by tank coloration of saddleback clownfish, Amphiprion polymnus Experimental group Initial Total length (mm) Final Total length (mm) Survival rate (%) Black tank 4.9±0.2 a 6.0±0.5 ab 40.0±5.0 ab Transparency tank 4.9±0.2 a 6.2±0.3 a 50.0±5.0 a Blue tank 4.9±0.3 a 5.6±0.2 b 125.0±10.0 b White tank 4.9±0.3 a 5.9±0.2 ab 155.0±10.0 a

3 180, om, mo, r, s, l, pm Fig. 1. Growth and survival rate by tank coloration of saddleback clownfish, Amphiprion polymnus. mh mi Artemia nauplii 5p 17pv ql(rq: 5.1~10.0 mm)p Artemia naupliil ppe qlp rq ppe p Fig. 2m Fig. 3l ˆ. 5pw ql(rq: 5.1±0.2 mm) Artemia nauplii 50~/0.5 Ll ppep 36.8~m 100~ /0.5 Ll 39.8~m. 150~/0.5L, 200~/0.5L 250~/0.5Ll 48.0, ~m p e qlp ep 47.6±1.8~m. 7pw ql(rq: 6.4±0.2 mm)p ppep Artemia nauplii 50~/0.5 Ll 36.7~m 100 ~/0.5L, 150~/0.5Ll 72.0, 86.8~m. 200, 250~/0.5Ll 97.3, 93.3~m. p e qlp ep 106.5±8.8 ~m. 9pw ql(rq: 7.2±0.4 mm)p ppep Artemia nauplii ~l 73.0, ~m. 250, ~l 183.0, ~m. ep 320.3±74.2 ~m. 11pw ql(rq: 8.4±0.4 mm)p ppep Artemia nauplii 100, ~l 73.5, ~m. 400, 500, 600~/0.5Ll 210.5, ~m p e qlp e p 231.0±17.9~m. 14pw ql(rq: 9.3±0.3 mm)p ppep Fig. 2. Relationship between the food concentration and food intake of the larvae of saddleback clownfish, Amphiprion polymnus. A, 5.1±0.2 mm Total length (TL); B, 6.4±0.2 mm TL; C, 7.2±0.4 mm TL; D, 8.4±0.4 mm TL; E, 9.3±0.3 mm TL; F, 10.0±0.4 mm TL. Fig. 3. Relationship between daily food intake in Artemia nauplii and total length of saddleback clownfish, Amphiprion polymnus larvae. Artemia nauplii 100, 200, 300~/0.5Ll 72.8, ~m 400, 500, 600~/0.5Ll 280.5, 309.5, 315.3~m. p e qlp ep 464.9±74.9~m. 17pw ql(rq: 10.0±0.4 mm)p ppep Artemia nauplii 100, 200, ~/0.5L l 75.0, 149.5, 224.5, 299.8~m. 500, 600, 700 ~/0.5Ll 373.3, 402.5, 429.3~m. p e q lp ep 713.6±55.0~m. ql rq Artemia nauplii ppep Fig. 3

4 osl Saddleback clownfish q lp q s 181 Fig. 4. Survival rate of saddleback clownfish, Amphiprion polymnus juveniles by gradual drop of salinity density, 5 psu dropping rate per 7 days (A) and 2 psu dropping rate per 3 days (B). p Y= e x (r 2 =0.9314)p ˆ pl. i i hm ol lp m l spp Fig. 4l ˆ. e 32 psul 7p p 5 psuj eˆ e Al e 12pw 27 psul }p ~ l p spp 90.0%m. p e 16pw 22 psul ~ l e 22pwl r ~ m. mp 3p p 2 psuj eˆ e Bl e 20pw 20 psul }p ~ l p s pp 80.0%m. p e 23pw 18 psul ~ l e 25pwl spp 30.0%mp e 27pw 16 psul r ~ m. š p l ql el ps eq el o rr p pp l p(ina et al., 1979). qlp orl pp p o p osl p } (Duray et al., 1996; Dendrinos et al., 1984; Ostrowski, 1989)p pn m. Grouper, Epinephelus suillus qlp n 14p k sm psl 30 jp l o sl qp (Duray et al., 1996). Gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata s l qp p sl spp kp(chatain and Ounais-Guschemann, 1991) haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus ql sl p sl qp (Downing, 1999). p lp m op l p pl dover sole, Solea solea L.m dolphin fish, Coryphaena hippurus ln p sl q p (Dendrinos et al., 1984; Ostrowski, 1989)m european perch, Perca fluviatilis qlp n spp sl p sl k (Tamazouzt et al., 1996) o pl. p} s p l s p ppp k pl. s p p p ql p pv p np t (Blaxter, 1968). p ll saddleback clownfish p pv ln p p on p. p sp l p om dp p. e p sl s r~l l pl top l dd l ln sl p l om p e yp p p s m. p s p q l orl m p p ll ln lp p k l ql p dd l v lk p. Artemia nauplii 2p pp v ql os l p kp l pp qlp ~ l } p e l ql t 2p prp nauplii Artemia p p on (Wilkerson, 1998). 24ek mk 12e l 25%p lv el e l elk (, 1991) p el r q sp eˆ o tn q. re, Siganus canaliculatusp ll 12pw ql (TL 7.0±0.6 mm) 43.5~ e m, 15p w ql(tl 9.9±1.14 mm) 438~ e p s l(hwang et al., 2000)., Paealicthys olivaceus qlp n rq 10 mmp Artemia nauplii ep 135~ e m(m, 1986),, Mylio macrocephalusp 10 mm qlp n 428~ e mp(pm, 1986), qt, Takifugu rubripesp 6 mm, 8 mm 10 mm q l 428, 960, 1434 ~ e m(rho and Jung, 1993). Saddleback clownfishm ˆs d l ppep re 7 mm l kp 10 mmv q ep rlr, 10 mm p ql ep k., q

5 182, om, mo, r, s, l, pm t rp kp e p sl. pm p ls l e p s e k os, om, qlp l p p. p ll 5pw(rq 5.1 mm)p saddleback clownfishl Artemia nauplii 50~~250~/0.5L n ppep 36.8~48.3~m. ql q l 17pw(rq 10.0 mm)l p Artemia nauplii 100~700~/0.5Lp ol ppep 75.0~429.3 ~ v m. Clownfish qp sl o p prpl kp Artemia nauplii n ep ~ p k p p tp vp k eˆ (Hoff, 1996) p l l saddleback clownfish q l e l r p p m p q Ž. s rp ep r sm omp os l e p n v p e l ke l ep lp plvv p l osl el r p l plrk p. mp kˆl kp r l m p np tp ll, Œsr ~ l tn npp qn (Kang et al., 2004). oe o n sl o m l p v mp vrp d. p m r sl }o mp sr p. op m ol dd npp qn (Chang et al., 2002), q e l p r eˆ (Wedemeyer and Yasutake, 1977) sp o m sr ov n. Saddleback clownfishp m l o s o p e l 32 psul 7p p 5 psuj eˆ n e 12p w 27 psul ~ ~ e 22pw 22 psul r ~ m. 3p 2 psuj eˆ n l e 20pw 20 psul ~ 18 psu (e 25pw)l spp 30.0%m 16 psu(e 27pw)l r ~ l., Paralicthys olivaceus l(tl 20~21 mm) 27 psul 14 psu q mp l 24epl p mv 4p p 7 psuj m p 14 psuv s m(, 1987)., Mylio macrocephalus l(tl 14.1~14.5 mm) 27 psul 3p e 20 psu l s mp p (33 psu)l 20 spu p 50% m(pm, 1986). p lm ˆ lm l m spp l npp pl rpp m m n p k pl. p l l 3~7 p pl 2~5 psujp eˆ lp sp m o 2 psu eˆ rpp l p 3p pp ov p sp 25 psu nl krrp op p. Hoff (1996) l p clownfish op tp (27 psu n) l o l ql k m p l. rm ol pl lp p qrp p mp r n pp np r, p p tp p. rml q op r qkl m p pp kp rr p q s, r rm op lp p np r p rp l v lk p. Saddleback clownfish, Amphiprion polymnusp q lp sp p rp Artemia nauplii e, osp mp sl q lp q spp s m. osl q sp sl qp r sm Œsl o ql Žs l qp. spp Œsl Ž r sl k. 5pw 17pw ql(total length 5.1~10.0 mm)l Artemia nauplii 50~/ 0.5L~700~/0.5L o ppep 36.8~ ( 5pw)~429.3~( 17pw)m. m sl 32 psu 7p p 5 psuj eˆ n e 16pw 22 psul ~ l e 22p w r ~ m 3p p 2 psuj eˆ n e 27pw 16 psul r ~ m. p p k rlr 2005 rt lvolp vol p l ld. p l. šx Blaxter, J. H. S., Rearing herring larvae to metamorphosis and beyond. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K., 48, Chang, Y. J., B. H. Min, H. J. Chang and J. W. Hur, Comparison of blood physiology in black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) cultured in converted freshwater from seawater and seawater from freshwater. J. Kor. Fish, Soc., 35, Chatain, B. and N. Ounais-Guschemann, (in) The relationship between light and larvae of Sparus aurata. (in) P. Lavens, P. Sorgeloos, E. Jaspers and F. Ollevier (eds.) Larvi '91 - Fish

6 osl Saddleback clownfish q lp q s 183 and Crustacean Larviculture Symposium. European Aquaculture Society Publication No. 15, Ghent, Belgium. Dendrinos, P., S. Dewan and J. P. Thorpe, Improvement in the feeding efficiency of larval, postlarval and juvenile Dover sole (Solea solea L.) by using the staining to improve the visibility of Artemia used as food. Aquaculture, 38, Downing, G. and M. K. Litvak, The effect light intensity and spectrum on the incidence of first feeding by larval haddock. J. Fish. Biol., 19(6), Duray, M. N., C. B. Estudillo and L. G. Alpasan, The effect of background color and rotifer density on rotifer intake, growth and survival of the grouper (Epinephelus suillus) larvae. Aquaculture, 146, Hoff, F. H., Conditioning, spawning and rearing of fish with emphasis on marine clownfish. Aquaculture Consultants Inc., pp Hwang, H. K., J. U. Lee, S. Rho, S. G. Yang, S. C. Kim and K. M. Kim, Seeding production of Rabbitfish, Siganus canaliculatus. J. Aquaculture, 13(4), Ina, K., Y. Ryogi and K. Higashi, Color sensitivity of red sea bream, Pagrus major. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish., 45(1), 1 5. Ivlev, V. S., Experimental ecology of the feeding of fishes. (Transl. from Russian by D. Scott). Yale Univ. Press. New Haven, 302 pp. Kang, J. C., J. H. Jee, S. G. Kim, G. S. Park and S. Y. Park, Tolerance of Juvenile gobiidae, Tridentiger trigonocephalus Exposed to Various Salinity. Kor. J. Environ. Biol., 22(1), Ostrowski, A. C., Effect of rearing tank background color on early survival of dolphin larvae. Prog. Fish-Cult., 51, Rho, S. and Y. S. Jung, Studies on the Seed Production of the Puffer Takifugu rubripes (Temminck et Schlegel). J. Aquaculture, 6(4), Rho, S., Y. D. Lee, Y. U. Choi, J. S. Kim, J. H. Park. S. I. Hur, Y. S. Yoon, Y. B. Song, C. H. Lee and J. T. Oh, Studies on the Development of Aquacultural Technique in Marine Ornamental Fish Culture. Ministry of Maritime Affairs & Fisheries, pp Suschenya, L. M., Quantitative aspects of feeding of crustaceans. Naukai Technika, Minsk, 208 pp. Tamazouzt, L., P. Fontaine and B. Capdeville, Growth of the Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) reared in floating cages and in water recirculated system: First results. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 12, Wedemeyer, G, A. and W. T. Yasutake, Clinical methods for the assessment of the effects of environmental stress on fish health. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Technical Paper No. 89, USFWS, Washington D.C., 18 pp. Wilkerson, J. D., Clownfishes: A Guide to their Captive Care, Breeding & Natural History. T. F. H. Publications Inc., 240 pp. Yoon, Y. S., S. Rho, Y. U. Choi, J. S. Kim and Y. D. Lee, Studies on Seed Production of Saddleback Clownfish, Amphiprion polymnus. 1) Spawning, Egg Development and Larvae Culture. J. Aquaculture, 18(2), , 1987., Paralicthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel) kel l. rtl, 146 pp., lke( tep). rt k lkele, pp ,, rt l(l)p sl r l s k l l. rt k kele, r3 pp prq,, 1986., Mylio macrocephalus (Basilewsky) p sl l. rt kqol. 20 pp. or : o 25p r : o 23p

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<30372E31362D323028BDC5C7F6C5C32DB9CCB1B970626D292E666D> k m v r1 r1 16~20 (2009) J. Korean Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy Vol. 1, No. 1 Pharmacy Benefit Management iç 1# x sƒ, 1 w w w Overview on Pharmacy Benefit Management in USA Kyung Eob ChoiGand Hyun