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1 대한간호학회지제 38 권제 1 호, 2008 년 2 월 J Korean Acad Nurs Vol.38 No.1, , February, 2008 e-learning 을이용한미숙아어머니교육프로그램개발및평가 이내영 1 김영혜 2 부산대학교간호대학강사 1, 부산대학교간호대학교수 2 Development and Evaluation of an e-learning Program for Mothers of Premature Infants Lee, Nae-Young 1 Kim, Young-Hae 2 1 Instructor, College of Nursing, Pusan National University 2 Professor, College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea Purpose: It has been attempted to support mother of premature infants by providing information of premature infant care using e-learning because premature infants need continuous care from birth to after discharge. Method: The e-learning Program for mother of premature was developed with Xpert, Namo web editor, Adobe Photoshop, and PowerPoint and applied for 4 weeks from 4 to 30 September Result: 1) We found that the contents of information which premature infants need when being in the hospital and after discharge were the definition of a premature infant, orientation of NICU, care of premature infants, care of premature infants common diseases, the connection of healthcare resources, exchange of information, and the management of rearing stress. 2) The program content consisted of cause of premature birth, comparison to full-term baby, physiology character, orientation of NICU, common health problems, follow up care, infection control, feeding, normal development physically and mentally, weaning method, and vaccination. Conclusion: Considering the results, this program for mother of premature is a useful means to provide premature-care information to mothers. This information can be readily accessible and can be varied and complex enough to be able to help mothers to the information and assistance they require. Key words: Computer-Assisted Instruction, Education, Premature 서론 1. 연구의필요성최근한국에서신생아출생률은급감하고있으나시험관시술과체외수정기법등의발전으로극소 (VLBW) 및초극소저체중출생아 (ELBW) 의생존율이높아져오히려미숙아발생률은 2000 년 3.8% 에서 2005년에는 4.3% 로증가하였다 (Koren National Statistical office, 2006; Lee, 2005; Park, 2003; Park & Lee, 2005). 그러나생존한미숙아는각신체조직의미성숙때문에각종건강문제를야기할수있고, 그로인한사회적, 심리 적, 재정적부담이크다 (Shin, 2003). 실제미숙아출산에서퇴원이후미숙아관리를살펴보면병원에서는신생아실간호사가간호를하지만, 퇴원이후가정에서는무방비상태에놓여있다해도과언이아니다. 3차병원에서미숙아는급성관리만을제공받고, 부모는일반산모와동일한산후교육을제공받고퇴원하며, 이후 1, 2차병원외래에서는미숙아관리를전혀받을수없기때문이다. 특히퇴원이후는미숙아부모가직접돌보므로구체적이고실질적인정보가더욱필요하기때문에, 미숙아부모들은출생에서부터퇴원후에이르기까지각종미숙아돌보기과정에서발생하는여러문제점에대하여상세한정보와최신정보를계속받아야한다 (Blackburm, 1995; Park, Lee, Hong, 주요어 : e-learning, 미숙아, 교육프로그램 Address reprint requests to : Kim, Young-Hae College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 1-10 Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan , Korea Tel: Fax: ungaekim@pusan.ac.kr 투고일 : 2007년 9월 18일심사완료일 : 2007년 12월 19일 152

2 문가집단이각항목에대해적절하다고생각하는정도를 4점척도로표기하여타당도점수를산정하고문항별로내용타당도계수 (content validity index, CVI) 를산출하였다 (Table 1). 구체적인내용은미숙아의개념과정의, 신생아중환자실과신생아실소개, 미숙아돌보기, 미숙아의질병관리, 인근의료자원과지역사회연계, 정보주고받기, 육아스트레스관리로상호배타적이게분류하여결정하였다. 세부항목으로는미숙아의개념과정의 3개항목, 미숙아돌보기 8개항목, 미숙아의질병관리 4개항목등총 19개항목을결정하였다 (Figure 2) 2) 설계단계정보설계는 HyperText Markup Language (HTML) 문서를사용하여, 텍스트, 이미지, 멀티미디어자료를함께제시하고관련사이트를링크하였다. 상호작용설계는 Moore와 Kearsley (1996) 의틀을사용하였다. 학습자-내용상호작용은학습후해설이포함된정답을제공하는평가를하였다. 학습자-교수자상호작용은시스템과사용자간의교수적대화가즉각적으로진행될수있도록게시판, 채팅방, 전자우편등을통하여언제든지질문하고답변을얻을수있게했다. 학습자-학습자상호작용은 Keller와 Burke-Learning 을이용한미숙아어머니교육프로그램개발및평가 153 Kim, & Yoo, 2003). 미숙아관리의특성상웹으로정보를얻을경우, 사진이나동영상이첨부되어있어구체적인정보를제공받을수있고 (Chun, 2002) 미숙아부모들대부분이 20-30대의젊은층이므로접근이용이할것으로생각된다 (Choi, 2005; Kim, 2005). 미숙아부모를대상으로한미숙아돌보기교육에대한국내연구 (Jang, 2004; Kim, 2004; Kwon, 2006; Park et al., 2003; Song, 2005) 를살펴보면, 제공시기가입원기간으로한정되어, 퇴원이후가정에서직접미숙아를돌보아야하는상황에대해서는취약한실정이다. 이러한이유들로웹기반에서의미숙아돌보기프로그램을통해장기적이고지속적인미숙아돌보기정보를제공하여미숙아부모를지지하고자한다. 2. 연구의목적본연구의목적은퇴원직후미숙아부모가가정에서직접미숙아를돌볼때어려움없이돌보고의문사항이발생할때마다원하는정보를얻을수있도록구체적이고실질적인내용을담은웹기반미숙아돌보기프로그램을개발하고그에대한타당성을평가하는데있다. 1. 연구설계 연구방법 Step I. Analysis Need analysis Process Need analysis User analysis 본연구는 e-learning을이용하여미숙아어머니교육프로그램을개발하기위한방법론적연구로웹기반개발절차중 Na (2005) 가제시한 웹기반교육체제의설계개발운영 에따라개발하였다. 2. 연구방법및과정본연구는분석, 설계, 개발, 운영, 평가의단계를거쳐웹기반미숙아돌보기프로그램을완성하였다 (Figure 1). 1) 분석단계내용분석에서는미숙아부모의웹상상담내용분석, 기존의문헌고찰, 간호대학교수 1인, 신생아실수간호사 1인의자문을통하여프로그램내용의범주를정하였다. 이에대한내용타당도는소아과전문의 1인, 간호대학교수 1인, 신생아실수간호사 1인및신생아실경력 5년이상간호사 2인으로구성된전 II. Design III. Production Information Media production IV. Implementation V. Evaluation Interaction Assessment Story board Preparation Operation of program Program evaluation Motivation Integrated production Figure 1. The model for procedure in web based premature infant care program. Feedbak. Modification

3 154 이내영 김영혜 Table 1. Content Validity of the Program Categories Content validity The definition of a premature infant Physiologic character 1.00 Behavioral character 1.00 The developmental progress 1.00 Orientation of NICU 1.00 The skills for the appropriate care of their infant Basic infant care 1.00 Feeding (breast, bottle, or alternative techniques) 1.00 Safe transportation 1.00 Prevention of infection 1.00 N/A, not applicable Jaundice 1.00 Screening for metabolic deficiencies 1.00 Immunizations 1.00 Infant safety precautions 0.86 Assessment of clinical status The general early signs and symptoms of illness 1.00 Medical procedure 1.00 Medical terms 0.86 Follow-up care 1.00 Coordination of care and services 1.00 Networking among parents 1.00 The management of rearing stress Analysis of counseling contents Development & growth Caring premature Diet Enviroment & infection Expert consult Content validity Literature review Characteristic of premature Preparation of premature caring Vaccination Prevention of accident Diet Daily care Health problem follow-up Support program Definition of premature Introduction to NICU & nursery Caring of premature Management of health problems Community health resource 아기앨범등을제공하여촉진지원하였다. 동기설계는회원관리기능을통해접속현황과프로그램사용을지속적으로모니터하여주 2회이상프로그램에접속하여사용하도록전화로참여를격려하였으며미숙아의출생후주수나입원여부에따라필요한정보가수록된프로그램의하부메뉴를안내하여대상자의상황에맞는개별적인정보를제공하였다. 3) 개발단계주제별내용과이미지등은작성한스토리보드를사용하여요구분석단계에서확인된내용을근거로 1차적으로화면을구성하였다. 매뉴얼이나보조자료등웹기반관리에필요한매체들은동영상파일, 오디오그래픽자료들은 Xpert와 Presto를, 동영상파일은 PowerPoint와 Photoshop을이용하여슬라이드로제작하였다. 매뉴얼은사용자 ID와패스워드를입력하면로그인되게하였다. The information exchange Stress management of child rearing Figure 2. Analysis of contents. man (1993) 의 Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (ARCS) 모형에따라채팅방, 오프라인모임, 게시판, 4) 운영단계본연구에서는 2006년 9월현재 P대학병원신생아실에입원중인미숙아부모 5명, P시 S구보건소에등록된미숙아부모 10명총 15 명을편의추출하였다. 대상자들은선정시전체적인설명을받은후개인아이디와패스워드를만들어같은해 9 월 4일부터 30일까지 4주간, 주당최소 2회이상총 8회이상

4 e-learning 을이용한미숙아어머니교육프로그램개발및평가 155 프로그램을사용하였다. 학습자인미숙아의부모는프로그램 도는 Figure 3 과같다 ( 에제시된학습내용을습득하고, 의문사항이있으면게시판을 통하여연구자와상호작용을유지하였으며, 연구자는수시로게 1. 공통화면 시판을검색하여질문이나건의사항을처리하였다. 프로그램 사용에관해서는회원가입과아이디나비밀번호분실이주된질문이었으나, 프로그램내용자체에관한질문은없었다. 초기화면은 작은아가사랑 이라는동영상이재생되며화면오른쪽아래에로그인메뉴를설치하였다. 회원가입화면은팝 업창으로뜨게하였고, 사용자가웹브라우저를통해 form 에 5) 평가단계프로그램의제특성은 Jung (2000) 의도구를아동간호학교수 3인의자문을얻어미숙아돌보기에적합하도록수정한설문지를사용하여평가하였다. 내용은원격교육시스템에제시된학습교재관련특성 9개, 시스템관련특성 9개, 학습자만족도 정보를입력하고웹서버에서 Common Gateway Interface (CGI) 프로그램을시행하면데이터베이스서버와연동하여결과를 HTML 문서로사용자에게보여준다 (Figure 4). 메인화면 (Figure 5) 은 작은아가부모마당, 작은아가돌보기, 상담실, 우리가족은?, 추천사이트, 알림방 등으 관련특성 2개등총20개문항이다. 측정은 절대부정 1 점, 절대긍정 을 4점으로수치화한후 10 점만점으로환산하여최저 2.5점부터최고 10점까지의범위로점수가높을수록각문항의내용에동의하므로항목에대한긍정을의미한다. 참가자들은 2006년 9월 4일부터 30일까지 4주간프로그램에참여한후인터넷상에서평가하였다. 결과는각설문문항에답변한분포를기술하고만족도를측정하였다. 연구결과 본연구에서개발된웹기반미숙아돌보기프로그램의구조 Figure 4. Page of create an account. Intro Confirm Join in Notice board Caring small baby Parents stage Counselling My family? Favorite Premature? Hospitali zation Discharged soon Follow up Parental stress Family function Family adaptation. Cause. Comparison to normal baby. Definition. Characteris tics. Introduction of NICU. Physiologic characteristics. Nutrient. Discharge. Home preparation. Infection prevention. Lactation. Breast feeding. Premature formula. Home care. Growth & development. Vaccination. Weaning Photo album BBS Chatting room Figure 3. Structure of the program.

5 156 이내영 김영혜 Figure 7. Caring of small baby. Figure 5. Main page. Figure 6. Chatting room. 로화면을구성하여진행에필요한아이콘을장착하였다. 프로그램내의모든페이지는꼬리말부분에링크를두어홈페이지로되돌아가거나문서안의하위메뉴로이어지게했다. 이후페이지는화면작성작업을간략화하고, 일관성을유지하기위해공통화면을설계하였다. 2. 알림방별도의설명이필요없이, 사용자가프로그램의주제및내용을명백하게이해할수있도록하였고, 첫방문자에게는게시물 1번에프로그램사용매뉴얼을첨부하여제공하였다. 또사용자가가지는두려움이나부정적인태도를바꾸기위해프로그램사용방법이간략히제시된유인물을가지고, 프로그램진행이전사용방법과상호작용등에대해사전교육을개별실시하였다. 3. 작은아가부모마당 작은아가앨범, 어머엄마도그랬군요, 채팅 으로구성 Figure 8. Subcontents page. 되며, 작은아가앨범 은포토갤러리로참여자들이직접사진을올려친목을도모하였다. 어머, 엄마도그랬군요! 는게시판을사용하여참여자들이각자의경험, 나누고자하는정보를나눌수있게하였다. 채팅 은로그인된상태에서대화방을개설할수있으며특정상대에게비공개로쪽지를보낼수있다 (Figure 6). 4. 작은아가돌보기 미숙아란, 입원, 퇴원직후, 추후관리 의4개하위메뉴로나누어제공하였다 (Figure 7). 하부항목은신생아집중치료실입원동안필요한정보와실제가정에서미숙아를돌보는데유용한정보를선정하여조직화하여제공하였다. 각하부항목은각내용의특성에맞게 HTM 파일, Xpert로제작한동영상강의파일 (Figure 8), 파워포인트파일 (Figure 9) 을사용하였다. 동영상은 Xinics사의웹기반멀티미디어저작도구인 estream Xpert 2 ver 2.2와 estream Presto 4 ver 4.1을사용하여제작하였다. 동영상데이터의경우 1초에 27 MB 정도

6 e-learning 을이용한미숙아어머니교육프로그램개발및평가 157 Figure 9. Subcontents page. Figure 11. Print page of growth charts. 6. 추천사이트 미숙아와관련된다른사이트를링크하여웹사이트내에서다양한정보를얻을수있도록구성하였다. 7. 웹기반미숙아돌보기프로그램의평가 가필요하므로 (Na, 2005) 샘플링기법을사용하여압축하였다. 굳이동영상파일이필요하지않은경우는파워포인트를사용하여슬라이드를제작하고 HTM 파일로변환하여게시하였다. 각항목별로한두문제정도를제시하고모범답안을제공하여자가평가할수있게했다. 추가적인의문이나질문이있는경우에는 CGI 스크립터 (Figure 10) 를사용하여연구자와정보를교환하게하였다. 미숙아의정상성장발달평가는남녀별로두위, 체중, 신장을재태주수에따라제시하였다. 각각의성장곡선은출력하여사용할수있도록출력된문서와똑같은파일을제공하였다 (Figure 11). 5. 상담실 Figure 10. Self-examination. 미숙아부모들이미숙아에관해궁금하거나의문나는점이있을때게시판을통해질문하고관리자가응답할수있도록구성하였다. 답변은질문자의의사에따라공개또는비공개를설정할수있게하였다 먼저프로그램관련특성은 6.5점으로, 육아와의연계성이 7.0점으로가장긍정적인반응을받았으며, 전략의적절성과내용의적합성모두 6.3점으로나타났다. 시스템관련특성은 6.4점으로나타났으며시스템의접근성, 화면구성, 시스템관리의측면에서질문했다. 시스템의접근성이 6.7점으로가장높은점수를받았고, 시스템관리 (6.5점), 화면구성 (5.9점) 의순으로나타났다. 만족도관련특성은 6.3점으로, 미숙아돌보기에인터넷을이용하는형태에만족하는지에관한문항에서는 7 점으로높은만족을보였고, 미숙아가아닌다른육아상황에서의적용에관한문항에서는 5.5점으로상대적으로낮은긍정을나타내었다 (Table 2) 논의구체적인미숙아관리로는교육, 모아상호관계의예민성증진, 건강사정, 가정방문간호를통한직접간호 (Ahn & Kim, 2003; Melnyk et al., 2001; Westrup, Kleberg, Eichwald, Stjernqvist, & Lagercrantz, 2000) 등이있고, 우리나라에서는지지간호, 미숙아마사지교육, 워크북프로그램, 계획된간호중재, 퇴원교육프로그램, 미숙아로출생한영유아의의사소통능력증진프로그램, 정보제공등 (Jang, 2004; Kim, 2004; Kwon, 2006; Park, 2003; Song, 2005) 으로제

7 158 이내영 김영혜 Table 2. Program Evaluation Domain Item Score Program Appropriateness of strategy Concentration 6.0 Effectiveness 6.0 Efficiency 7.0 Appropriateness of contents Accuracy of information 8.0 Definiteness 6.0 Concurrence 5.5 Logical constructions 6.0 Interference of prejudice 6.0 N/A, not applicable Connection with care Practical applications 7.0 System System Stability of interfaces 6.5 Accessibility Convenience of use 8.0 Clarity of functional identity 6.5 Clarity of tool description 5.5 The composition of a picture Appropriateness of structural elements; figure, text 5.0 Quantity of information, appropriateness of speed 5.5 Screen size, resolution 7.5 System Convenience of help 6.5 Management Privacy 6.5 한적인몇가지내용만을미숙아가신생아집중치료실에입원해있는동안한정적으로제공하고있다. 미숙아의관리는지속적이고체계적인관리가더중요하므로퇴원이후에도지속적인도움을받아야하므로웹등을통하여계속적인지지와관리를제공할필요가있다. 미숙아의돌보기는입원동안뿐아니라퇴원이후가모두포함되므로미숙아부모에게구체적이고실제적인정보가더많이필요하다. 본연구에서는웹상에서관리프로그램을제공하여퇴원이후미숙아부모가효과적으로미숙아를돌볼수있도록부모를지지하였다. 미숙아에대한전반적인개념과입원동안일반적인중재와절차들에대해부모가알아야할기본적인정보를제공했으며, 퇴원후가정에서실제로당면하게되는상황들을주된내용으로구성하였다. 특히응급상황과비정상상태를미리알려주고취할수있는조치를제시하여적절히대처할수있게했다. 또간호학적으로접근하여중요임상내용을모두포함하면서미숙아부모가필요로하는실질적이고구체적인내용을제공하였다. 본프로그램의개발의도는미숙아에게퇴원이후일정기간중재를제공하는것이효율적이며 (Jang, 2004), 미숙아가정에서미숙아돌보기를격려하면조산의부정적인효과가감소된다 (Jotzo & Poets, 2005) 는선행연구결과에기초하였다. 간호사가교육이나정보를제공하면양육기술이향상되므로 (Lee & Ji, 2001; Lee, 2004; Ku & Kim, 2002), 프로그램의내용은미숙아부모가실제경험한어려움 (Jun, Yoon, & Go, 2002; Klein & Stem, 1971; Song & Shin, 2001) 과미숙아부 모를지지하기위해제공되어야할내용 (Brooten, Gennaro, Knapp, Brown, & York, 1988; Drake, 1995; Gupton & Heaman, 1994; Kim, 2001; Kim, 2005; Ku & Kim, 2002; Park et al., 2003) 에관한선행연구에서제시한내용을모두포함하였다. 본연구에서는전문가인간호사가프로그램제작에참여하여내용을파악하고화면에포함될중요내용을추출하는데효과적이었다. 전체프레임제작은나모웹에디터 FX와 Dream Weaver를사용하였고, 각각의콘텐츠는 e-learning 저작도구인 estream Presto와 estream Xpert로제작하였다. 이두프로그램을사용하여파워포인트, 워드, 아래아한글등대부분의문서를웹페이지, 동영상, 이미지, 플래시, 화면녹화등이포함된보다다양한형태의미디어슬라이드를제작하였다. 사용자의흥미유발과적극적인참여를위해다양한매체를활용한설계가필요하므로 (Jo & Lee, 2002) 본프로그램은 e- learning 저작도구인 estream Presto와 estream Xpert를사용하여웹페이지, 동영상, 이미지, 플래시, 화면녹화등이포함된보다다양한형태의미디어슬라이드로제작하였다. 동영상은 streaming 방식으로특정부분을임의로보고싶은경우반복이가능하게하였으며, 사용자의컴퓨터환경에영향을적게받도록했다. 강의형태에서는다양한형태의판서, 보조자료, 문제풀이를제공하였다. 프로그램평가에서는평균 6점이상으로전반적인만족을보였다. 웹에관련된문항들인전문성, 효과성은각 6점, 만족도와활용성은각 7점의긍정을보였고 다른육아상황 (5.5점) 보

8 e-learning 을이용한미숙아어머니교육프로그램개발및평가 159 다 미숙아관리 (7점) 에더적절하다고응답하였으며예비조사에서도직접상담을제외하면인터넷사용이 41% 로미숙아부모가가장선호하는정보제공방법으로나타나미숙아관리에 e-learning을사용하는것이적절함을확인할수있었다. 이는 e-learing이미숙아어머니들의연령대와산후조리라는상황때문에정보제공자와동시간연결이나외출이없이도정보를얻을수있고대상자가원할경우지속적인접속이가능 (Chun, 2002) 하기때문으로보인다. 세부항목별로살펴보면, 내용의일치성 5.5점, 내용의정확성 8.0점, 실제육아시활용성 7.0점으로본프로그램이미숙아부모가원하는내용으로구성된것을확인할수있었다. 특히프로그램의명확성에대한만족도가높은것은 (8점) 각미숙아가정의상황별로당장필요한정보에접근할수있었기때문으로생각된다. 이는미숙아의성공적인퇴원과정과퇴원후지속적인관리는환아와가족의문제에따른해결책 (Park, 2003) 을실질적인정보 (Lee & Ji, 2001) 로구성하여즉각적으로제공해야한다는 (Ku & Kim, 2002) 선행연구의결과와일치하였다. 결론적으로본미숙아어머니교육프로그램은 e-learning 을사용하여미숙아가정이퇴원후경험하는양육의기술적어려움해결하기에적절하며, 구체적이고실질적인정보를제공하는효과적인중재전략임을확인할수있었다결론및제언미숙아부모는퇴원후첫주가장많은어려움을경험하고 (McKim, 1993) 초기적응이 1개월이내에이루어지므로 (Chae, 2001; Han, 2001) 퇴원후 1-2주에걸쳐추후간호를제공 (Song, 2005) 받아야하므로미숙아의평균입원기간 (Kim, 2001) 을근거로 4주간미숙아어머니교육프로그램을제공하여미숙아가정을지지하고자하였다. 미숙아관리프로그램은 Namo web editor, Adobe Photoshop, Xpert, 파워포인트등을이용하여미숙아출생부터 1개월이내의미숙아를둔 15 개가정의부모를대상으로개발하였다. 연구의결과를요약하면, 미숙아부모들이필요로하는교육내용은미숙아의개념과정의, 신생아중환자실소개, 미숙아돌보기, 질병관리, 인근의료자원과지역사회연계, 정보교환, 육아스트레스관리로파악되었다. 본프로그램의내용은미숙아의발생원인, 미숙아와정상아비교, 미숙아의개념과정의, 신생아집중치료실소개, 미숙아의생리적특성, 건강문제, 영양, 퇴원기준, 가정에서의퇴원준비, 퇴원전배워야할기술과질문들, 집중치료실퇴원추후관리, 감염예방, 수유, 미숙아의성장발달, 예방접종, 외출, 이유식으로 구성하였다. 결론적으로본연구자가개발한웹기반미숙아관리프로그램은미숙아부모가원하는실질적인정보를접근이용이한웹을사용하여지속적으로제공하므로부모의교육및실천적지지에효과적임을확인하였다. 미숙아가정에서가장많은도움이필요한시기에가장접근하기쉬운방법으로정보를제공하는것이유익하리라생각된다. 본연구의프로그램은병원이나보건소에서간호사들이미숙아부모들에게미숙아간호에관한정보를제공할때각기관의상황에맞게끔수정하여활용할수있을것이다. REFERENCES Ahn, Y. M., & Kim, J. H. (2003). Comparison of maternal selfesteem, postpartal depression, and family function in mothers of normal and of low birth-weight infants. J Korean Acad Nurs, 33, Blackburn, S. (1995). Problems of preterm infant after discharge. JOGNN, 24(1), Brooten, D., Gennaro, S., Knapp, H., Brown, L. P., & York, R. (1988). Clinical specialist pre- and postdischarge teaching of parents of very low birth weight infants. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs, 18, Chae, S. M. (2001). Development and evaluation of transitional care program for low birth weight infants and mothers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yonsei University, Seoul. Choi, Y. B. (2005). Effects of information via on parental attachment behavior of a premature infant. Unpublished master s thesis, Yonsei University, Seoul. Chun, B. C. (2002). E-health and internet in medicine-a strategic perspective. J Korean Med Assoc, 45(1), Drake, E. (1995) Discharge teaching needs of parents in the NICU. Neonatal Netw, 14(1), Gupton, A., & Heaman, M. (1994). Learning needs of hospitalized Women at risk for preterm birth. Appl Nurs Res, 7, Han, K. J. (2001). Development of a home-based nursing intervention mothering program for low-birth-weight infants. J Korean Acad Home Healthc Nurse, 8(1), Jang, Y. S. (2004). Development of model for a prematures health promotion center which is integrated with school, hospital and primary health center. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Junnam National University, Kwangju. Jo, W. J., & Lee, C. J. (2002). Study of developing a internet support program for cooperating teachers. J Korean Teacher Education, 19(2), Jotzo, M., & Poets, C. F., (2005). Helping parents cope with the trauma of premature birth: an evaluation of a trauma-preventive psychological intervention. Pediatrics, 115, Jun, K. J., Yoon, S. J., & Go, K. S. (2002). Assessment of the public

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untitled Original Article Experiences of Unwed Mothers Choi, Yang-Ja 1) Kim, Kwuy-Bun 2) 1) Professor, Redcross College of Nursing, 2) Professor, Kyung Hee University, College of Nursing Science 1) 2) 1) 2) Purpose:

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