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1 대한임상검사학회지 : 41권제4호, , 2009 ISSN Hitach-7600 P-module 을이용한 Methotrexate 정량분석평가 가톨릭대학교서울성모병원진단검사의학과 김민의 차경호 김승희 김남주 채효진 Quantitative Analysis of Methotrexate using Hitach-7600 P-module Min-Eui Kim, Kyong-Ho Cha, Seung-Hee Kim, Nam-Joo Kim, and Hyo-Jin Chae Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary s Hospital, Seoul , Korea Methotrexate (MTX) in one of the antineoplastic drug and it is known to effective to management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, management of choriocarcinoma and related trophoblastic tumors in women, management of carcinomas of the breast, tongue, pharynx, and tests, maintenance of remission in leukemia and treatment of serve, debilitating psoriasis. Intermediate to high-dose methotrexate administration followed by leucovorin rescue is effective in treatment of carcinoma of the lung and osteogenic sarcoma. Intrathecal administration is effective in treating meningeal leukemia or lymphoma. There are FPIA (Fluorescence polarization immunoassay) and EMIT (Enzyme multiplied immunotechique) methods that measure for MTX. We evaluated the FPIA and EMIT methods. MTX were measured by Hitachi-7600 P-module using EMIT and FPIA using TDX in the sera 60 patients. The performance characteristics evaluated were, light influence, linearity, comparison with FPIA. Also, precision evaluated were three level controls through put following CLSI evaluation protocols (EP10-A). When the MTX value of 4.16±5.78 µμmol/l (mean, SD) by the Hitachi-7600 P-module was compared with that of 4.05±5.47 µμ mol/l by FPIA, coefficients of correlation of was obtained. The regression equation was Y (Hitachi-7600 P-module) = x (FPIA) (r=0.9885, n=60). CVs of MTX measured by Hitachi 7600 P-module was 6.78% at 0.33 µμmol/l, 0.96% at 1.16 µμmol/l, and 0.96% at 8.04 µμmol/l. The precision was excellent in each group. The linearity was acceptable. We evaluated that MTX is light-sensitive on prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. Comparing with the FPIA using TDX, the Hitachi-7600 P-module using EMIT showed good coefficient of correlation and precision. Therefore the Hitachi-7600 P-module can replace the FPIA for quantitative analysis of MTX. Received 28 OCT 2009 / Returned for modification 11 DEC 2009 / Accepted 16 DEC 2009 Key Words : Methotrexate, Quantitative analysis, Hitachi-7600 P-module, FPIA, EMIT, Antineoplastic drug 교신저자 : 김민의 ( 우 ) , 서울시서초구반포동 505 가톨릭대학교서울성모병원진단검사의학과 TEL : , polomini@catholic.ac.kr I. 서론 항암제 (antineoplastic drug) 의종류로는대사길항제로 167
2 KIM ME. Quantitative Analysis of Methotrexate methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil가있으며, 식물성알칼로이드로는 vinca alkaloid, taxanes, epipodophyllotoxin가있고, 항종양항생제로는 anthracycline, mitomycin-c, bleomycin가있으며, 알킬화제로서는 cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan 등이있으며 platinum 화합물cisplatin 과 carboplatin이있다 (Evans 등, 1992; 신, 1994; Gross, 1998 Eadie, 2001). 이중에서항암제인 methotrexate (MTX) 는소아의급성백혈병및임파종에유효하며부인의섬모막암에쓰이고다른항암제와병용하여유방암, 난소암, 결장암, 고환암등에광범위하게사용된다 ( 이와김, 1988; 장, 1995 윤과임, 2000). 면역억제제로서면역매개질환에도사용되며독성을경감하기위하여 leucovorin과병용하여골수기능억제, 점막염, 신독성을최소화한다 (Spector 등, 1988 Wolf, 1996; Allwood, 2002). 이러한 MTX 만의특징으로다른약물보다항암제로주로쓰이고있다 (Bethesda, 1993). MTX를측정하는방법으로는크게면역측정법과크로마토그래피법으로나눌수있는데면역측정법에는 EMIT(enzyme multiplied immunotechique), FPIA(fluorescence polarization immunoassay), RIA(radio immunoassay), ELISA(enzyme-linked immunoassay) 및 NII(nephelometric inhibition immunoassay) 가있으며크로마토그래피법에는가스크로마토그래피 (GC) 및고압액체크로마토그래피 (HPLC) 법이이용되고있다 (Beller 등 1971; Buice 등, 1980). 대부분임상에서는상용모니터링시 FPIA법으로 MTX를측정하고있으나, EMIT법으로측정하는 Hitachi-7600(Hitachi, Japan) P-module이소개되어다른장비에비해측정속도가빠르고사용에편리한것으로보고되었다. 이에 Hitachi-7600 analyzer P-module을이용한 EMIT측정과 TDX(Abbott, USA) 을이용한 FPIA법, 두방법의상관성을측정하였고, CLSI Guideline에따라 EMIT법을적용한 HItach-7600 analyzer p-module에서의 MTX의정밀도와직선성을평가하였다. II. 재료및방법 1. 대상가톨릭대학교서울성모병원진단검사의학과에 MTX 측정이의뢰된검체중저농도, 중간농도, 고농도가고르게분포되도록선택한 60검체를대상으로하였다.. 2. 방법 1) MTX의측정먼저 FPIA방법을이용한 Abbott사의 TDX장비로 MTX 를측정하였으며, 비교대상인 HITACH-7600 생화학자동분석기에 EMIT2000 시약 (Siemens Syva, USA) 으로측정하였다. 검체는채취후차광처리하였으며도착즉시혈청분리하여측정시까지냉장보관하고채혈후 4시간이내에 MTX 정량분석을완료하였다. 2) 직선성평가기존 FPIA법을이용한 Abbott사의 TDX장비에서측정한 MTX 치가 0.1 μmol/l 과 20.5 μmol/l 인두검체를저농도와고농도의검체로하여 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3, 0:4의비율로섞어, 각각을 EMIT방법을사용하는 Hitach-7600 analyzer로 CLSI Guideline EP6-A의지침에따라 4회반복측정한측정치와계산치를회귀분석하여회귀방정식과결정계수를구하였다. 3) 정밀도평가 Bio-Rad에서제조한 TDM control level 1,2,3의 3가지농도를 CLSI Guideline EP5-A2의지침에따라 20일간 1 일 2회, 1회 2번씩반복적으로측정하였다. 4) 상관성평가기존 FPIA법을사용한 Abbott사의 TDX장비에의한 MTX측정치가골고루분포하게 60개의환자검체를선별하여, EMIT법을적용한 Hitachi-7600 생화학분석기를이용하여측정하고상관방정식과피어슨상관계수 (r) 를구하였다. 5) 광노출에의한농도변이의평가광노출에의한황색침전물의형성으로 MTX 농도감소를주의해야한다 (Robinson와 Taylor, 1986) 는제조사의보고를확인하기위하여 0.3 μmol/l 부터 13.8 μmol/l 범위에속하는 20개의검체를선별하여차광전 MTX 측정치와 6 시간직사광선노출후농도차를비교평가하였다. 168
3 Korean J. Clin. Lab. Sci. 41(4): , ) 농도별분석건수조사장비간 MTX 측정가능범위를상회하는검체의비율을조사하여희석검사를시행함으로서추가적인시약소모량을비교하기위하여 2009년 6월부터 8월까지의의뢰된 MTX 정량검사의결과를평가하였다. III. 결과 1. 직선성평가 FPIA법과 EMIT 측정치와계산치로구한직선의회귀방정식은 y = 1.014x 이었고결정계수 (r²) 는 이었다 (Fig. 1). 3. 상관성평가 장비간측정범위와희석된범위모든농도를포함한결과로신뢰도는 0.98이상으로확인이되었다 (Table 2) (Fig. 2). Table 2. The correlation between Hitachi-7600 and TDX for MTX Method TDX Hitach-7600 n Mean (μmol/l) SD r² p- value >0.001 Fig. 2. The comparison of MTX results assayed by Hitachi and TDX Fig. 1. The linearity curve of MTX analyzed by Hitachi-7600 analyzer 2. 정밀도평가 검사내정밀도변이계수는 level 1 이 6.78%, level 2 가 0.96%, level 3 이 0.96% 이었다. 검사일간변이계수는각각 9.88%, 4.72%, 3.56% 이었고, 총정밀도는각각 11.24%, 4.77%, 3.66% 였다. (Table 1.) 두장비간 mean값을통한각농도별결과차는두검사장비의원리에이하면 FPIA법의측정감도는 0.02~1.0 μ mol/l 이며 EMIT법의측정감도는 0.3~2.0 μmol/l로낮은농도에서더큰차이를보이기때문에실제농도별결과차에서도 2 μmol/l의농도에서는평균 0.2 정도로차이가있으나그이상의농도에서는대략 0.1 μmol/l인것을확인하였다 (Fig. 3)(Table 2). Table 1. The precision for MTX on the Hitachi-7600 analyzer Level of μmol/l MTX Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Mean (µμmol/l MTX) Within-run CV (%) Between-day CV (%) Total precision CV (%) 광노출에의한농도변이의평가차광하여 Hitach-7600 analyzer에서의 MTX 측정농도값보다인위적으로직사광선에 6시간동안노출하여측정한 MTX 측정치가높게나왔다 (Table 3, Fig. 4) 직사광선에대한 MTX의안정성은미흡하므로, TDX에서측정해왔듯이 Hitach-7600 analyzer에서도차광을해야한다는결론이나왔다. MTX는빛에대해민감하므로, 빛을 169
4 KIM ME. Quantitative Analysis of Methotrexate 오랫동안쪼이면노란침전물을형성한다. 검체는반드시차광을해야하며, MTX 농도가 24시간후최대 12% 감소한다고밝혀졌다. 7시간후 11% 감소한다는보고도있다 (Allwood, 2002). 의측정감도는 0.02~1.0 μmol/l 이며 EMIT법의측정감도는 0.3~2.0 μmol/l 로임상에서사용하는 MTX의용량이고농도인점을감안하면희석없이측정할수있는부분이, 즉 1.0~2.0 μmol/l 인샘플의경우가대략본원의경우대략전체의 10% 정도로이농도의경우희석없이즉시검사가가능하고이로인한시약의소모분을줄일수있는장점이확인되었다 (Table 4). Table 3. The analyze statistic according to concentration of MTX test Fig. 3. The result difference according to concentration of mean Table 3. The comparison between protected and exposured light Month Total test 1.0~2.0 μmol/l (N) % June July August Method n Sum Mean (μmol/l) SD Diff* Protect light Exposured light * (mean of exposed light) (mean of protect light) 0.46 Fig. 4. Measurement of MTX by a direct ray of light 5. 농도별분석건수조사 대상검체중희석없이측정가능한검체수를알아보기위하여, 서울성모병원에서최근 3개월간의 MTX 결과값중, 1.0~2.0 μmol/l 사이인검체를조사하였다. Table 3에서보는바와같이 6월에는 6.25% 의검체, 7월에는 11.53%, 8월에는 9.65% 의검체가이에속하였다. FPIA법 IV. 고찰 일반적으로 MTX 측정에있어서 HPLC 방법은가장정확하고, 민감하여표준법으로알려져있다 (Oellerich, 1980; OSHA, 1991). 그러나보고에의하면 HPLC 법은 EMIT, FPIA 방법보다큰변이성을가지고있다고한다 (Buice 등, 1980). 현실적으로 HPLC 법으로 MTX의측정은시간소모가크고, 조작및유지보수에숙련된인력이필요로하므로검사실에서는많은제한점을지니고있으며, 또한 EMIT법과 FPIA법보다많은검체량을요구한다. 특히, 많은양의검체를채취하기힘든소아들에게는더욱어려움이있어, 소아백혈병을치료하는데있어서는용이하지않다고한다 (Albertioni 등, 1996). 면역측정법인 FPIA 법이나 EMIT 법등이실용화되어검사실에서자동화검사법으로이용되고있으며 FPIA 법을이용한 TDX 장비는전통적으로널리사용되고있었으나, 최근시약생산을중단할예정에있다는제조사의보고가있었으므로대체할수있는방법을검토할필요성이대두되었다. 그러한관점에서 EMIT 법을이용하는 Hitach-7600은생화학검사를수행하는동시에추가장비없이 MTX를측정할수있다는장점을가지고있으며주말에도분석요청이빈번한본원의검사환경상응급검사로적용하여높은효율성을확보할수있었다. 충분한검증사례가보고 170
5 Korean J. Clin. Lab. Sci. 41(4): , 2009 되지않은점을고려하여정밀도평가에서정도관리물질 TDM level 1, 2, 3의 3가지농도를 CLSI EP5-A2의지침에따라 20일간 1일 2회, 1회 2번씩반복적으로측정하고, 총 6회의보정을시행한점은 MTX 시약이다른시약에비해고가의시약이라는점을고려하면다소어려운결정이였으나본보고를통해사례를제공하는것으로의의가있다고사료된다. 보정안정성은 EMIT 시약을전용으로검사하는 Syva 장비에서는결과관리와시약을냉장고에따로보관하는장비특성상약 10일에 1번씩시행되어야하는데, Hitach-7600에서는 EMIT 시약이 P-module에냉장으로보관되고, 공기의유출이없으므로, 보정작업의안정성이보다우수하였다. 높은장비간상관성은임상에서 TDX 장비로검사하였던 MTX 측정치를 Hitach-7600에서검사하더라도검사장비교체로인한혼돈을최소화할수있으며, Hitach-7600에서의 MTX 측정결과를신뢰성있는결과로받아들일수있을것으로사료된다. 측정시차광에대한불편함과지침을준수하지않을시재검체를채취해야하는불편함을확인하고자광노출에의한농도변이를평가한내용에있어서는검체를차광한 MTX 측정값보다인위적으로직사광선에 6시간동안노출하여측정한 MTX 측정값이높게나왔다. 시간마다경과에따른변화를확인하는등의추가적인실험을통해증명되어야하겠다. 장비간측정가능범위비교에있어서 EMIT 법의측정범위는 0.3~2.0 μmol/l로 FPIA 법의범위 (0.02~1.0 μ mol/l ) 보다넓어약 10% 정도의시약의소모분을줄일수있는장점이확인되었다. 또한, EMIT 방법의특성상혈청과혈장을모두측정할수있다는장점이있는데, 본원에서는부족했던시약의재고와혈청과동시에혈장를채취하기힘든점으로혈장으로 MTX를측정할수있는지의평가는실행하지못하였다. 혈장으로 MTX를검사를시행하게되어서그결과혈장검사치가혈청결과와일치하는검사치를나타내고, 다른문제점이없다고밝혀지면, 임상에서는 MTX 검체를의뢰할때검체의선택의폭이넓어지고, 환자에게검체채취하기에용이한검체를의뢰하여검사함으로써 Hitach-7600에의한 MTX 검사에서더욱큰장점으로부각될수있을것이다. 결론적으로아직보고되지않은 TDX 방법과 EMIT 방 법을비교평가하여보고할수있었던점은좋은경험이되었고 Hitach-7600 analyzer에서 MTX를측정하는새로운방법인 EMIT 방법이직선성, 정밀도및상관성이모두우수하므로임상검사실에서 MTX를측정하는효율적인새로운방법임을확인하였다. 참고문헌 1. Beller GA, Smith TW, Abelmann WH, Haber E, Hood WB Jr. Digitalis intoxication. A prospective clinical study with serum level correlations. N Eng J Med 284: , Buice RG, Evans WE, Karas J, Nicholas CA, Sidhu P, Straughn AB, Meyer MC, Crom WR. Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay, radioassay, and radioimmunoassay of serum methotrexate, as compared with liquid chromatography. Clin Chem 26: , Crom WR, Taylor RH, Pratt CB. Methotrexate Therapeutic use and serum concentration monitoring. In Taylor WJ and Finn AL (eds). Individualizing Drug Therapy: Practical Applications of Drug Monitoring. p , Gross, Townsend, Frank, Inc, New York, Evans WE, Schentag JJ, Jusco WJ: Applied pharmacokinetics, 3 rd ed, Applied Therapeutics, Vancouver, WA, Eadie MJ. Therapeutic drug monitoring-antiepileptic drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 52(Suppl 1): 11S-20S, Albertioni F, Rask C, Eksborg S, Poulsen JH, Pettersson B, Beck O, Schroeder H, Peterson C. Evaluation of clinical assays for measuring high-dose methotrexate in plasma. Clin Chem 42(1):39-44, Oellerich M. Enzyme immunoassays in clinical chemistry: present status and trends. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 18(4): , OSHA. Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens- OSHA. Final rule. Part II; Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); 29 CFR 171
6 KIM ME. Quantitative Analysis of Methotrexate Part Fed Regist 56(235): , Robinson JD, Taylor WJ. Interpretation of serum drug concentration. In: Taylor WJ, Caviness MHD, eds. A Textbook For The Clinical Application of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. P31-45, Abbott Laboratories, Spector R, Park GD, Johnson GF, Vesell ES. Therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Pharmacol Ther 43(3): , Allwood M. The cytotoxics handbook by Michael Allwood, Andrew Stanley, Patricia Wright, Wolf BA. Overview of therapeutic drug monitoring and biotechnologic drugs. Ther Drug Monit 18: , 신재국. 적정약물요법과 TDM. 대한의학협회지 37(2): , 윤영란, 임영채. 적정약물요법을위한 TDM의임상적이용. 임상약리학회지 8(1): , 이귀녕, 김진규, 임상화학. 의학문화사, 서울, 장인진. 치료적약물농도모니터링. In: 신상구등. 임상약리학. p17-29, 서울대학교출판부, 서울,
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