한수지 48(3), , 2015 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 48(3), ,2015 전복 (Haliotis discus hannai) 용배합사료내오징어분및해조류대체원으로서대두박이전복치패의성장과체조성에미

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1 한수지 48(3), , 2015 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 48(3), ,2015 전복 (Haliotis discus hannai) 용배합사료내오징어분및해조류대체원으로서대두박이전복치패의성장과체조성에미치는영향 김병학 1 김희성 조성환 * 1 국립수산과학원남서해수산연구소, 한국해양대학교해양생명과학부 The Effects of Substituting Squid Meal and Macroalgae with Soybean Meal in a Commercial Diet on Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Abalone Haliotis discus hannai Byeng-Hak Kim 1, Hee Sung Kim and Sung Hwoan Cho* 1 Southwest Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Yeosu , Korea Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan , Korea We examined the effect of substituting squid meal and macroalgae with soybean meal in a commercial diet on the growth and body composition of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. We randomly distributed 2310 juvenile abalone into 33 rectangular plastic containers and fed them five experimental diets in triplicate as follows. The control diet (Con) consisted of 12% squid meal, 8% corn gluten and 20% soybean meal as protein source, wherein 10% α-starch, 20% wheat flour, and 5% dextrin were carbohydrate source. The experimental diets, 50% squid meal (SM50), 50% squid meal and 50% macroalgae (SM50+), and 100% squid meal and 50% macroalgae (SM100+) were substituted with the same respective amounts of soybean meal. The fifth experimental diet consisted of the control diet plus 1% diatom powder (DP). We prepared two domestic (Domestic A and B) and two imported (China and Japan) abalone feeds. Finally, we prepared Undaria and sea tangle. We found that the weight gain of abalone fed the Con, DP, and China and Japan diets was significantly greater than that of abalone fed Undaria and sea tangle. We conclude that the substituting squid meal and macroalgae with soybean meal in abalone feed has limited benefits, but supplementing diets with 1% diatom powder is effective in improving weight gain. Key words: Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), Dietary substitution, Fishmeal, Macroalgae, Soybean meal 서론 (Haliotis discus hannai) , (KOSIS, 2015),., % 3-5% (Uki et al., 1985a; Mai et al., 1995a, 1995b), 10-20% 1%,. Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 48(3) , June 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens ( permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 8 May 2015; Revised 21 June 2015; Accepted 22 June 2015 *Corresponding author: Tel: Fax: address: chosunh@kmou.ac.kr Copyright 2014 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 329 pissn: , eissn:

2 330 김병학ㆍ김희성ㆍ조성환 (Uki et al., 1985a, 1985b; Uki et al., 1986a),.,, (Uki et al., 1985b; Viana et al., 1993; Lee et al., 1998a; Sales and Britz, 2001; Bautista-Teruel et al., 2003; Garcia-Esquivel and Felbeck, 2009; Cho et al., 2008; Cho, 2010). 31% (Lee et al., 1998a), (Cho et al., 2008)., (, ) ( ).... 전복의사육및관리 재료및방법 2, (Laminaria japonica) 1 1 2% L (120 cm 36 cm) 70 ( : 0.98 g) 1 30 raceway ( : 10 ),. shelter. 1 1 (17:00) ( 3%),. (Mean SD) C, raceway 76.3 L/min,. 16. 실험사료의조성및일반성분 Table 1. (Con) 12%, 8% 20%, 20%, -starch 10% 5%, 1%. 16% 1% Spirulina. 50% (SM50), 50% (Macroalgae mixture) 50% 50% (SM50+), 100% 50% (SM100+) 1% (Melosira nummuloides Fragilariopsis sp. ) 1% (DP), ( ) extruded pelleter (Jyoda, Japan). 2 (Domestic A, Domestic B) (China) (Japan), (Undaria) (Sea tangle). 3. 실험사료와전복가식부의영양성분분석 (-70 C), digital caliper (Mitutoyo Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan),. AOAC (1990) Kjeldahl method (Auto Kjeldahl System, Buchi B-324/435/412, Switzerland) ( ), 550 C 4, 105 C dry oven 24. high speed amino acid analyzer (Hitachi L-8800, Tokyo, Japan), Folch et al. (1957) (2:1) 14% BF 3 -MeOH (Sigma, St Louis, Mo, USA) methylation, capillary column (SP TM , 100 m 0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.20 m, Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) gas chromatograph (Truce GC, Thermo, USA). 통계분석 One-way ANOVA Duncan's multiple range test (Duncan 1955) SAS version 9.3 program (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).

3 전복용배합사료내대두박이전복치패의성장과체조성에미치는영향 331 Table 1. Ingredients (%, DM basis) and nutrient composition of the experimental diets Experimental diets Ingredient (%) Con SM50 SM50+ SM100+ Squid meal Corn gluten Soybean meal α-starch Wheat flour Spirulina DP Domestic Domestic A B China Japan Undaria Dextrin closed closed closed closed Diatom powder 1 1 Macroalgae mixture Squid liver oil Soybean oil Vitamin premix Mineral premix Sea tangle Nutrients (DM, %) Dry matter Crude protein Crude lipid Ash Diatom powder containing dominantly Melosira nummuloides and Fragilariopsis sp. was purchased from Asbicinter Co. Ltd., (Busan, Korea). 2 Macroalgae mixture contained Undaria pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica and Sargassum fulvellum at a ratio 1:1:1. 3 Vitamin and 4 mineral premixes were the same as Cho (2010) study. 결과및고찰 (Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr Val) (Table 2). (Domestic A, Domestic B) (China, Japan). (Table 3), n-3 HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acid) 25.96% 21.48%, (0.1%) ( %) n-3 HUFA. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n- 3) 11.76% 5.16%, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). (Domestic A, Domestic B) (China, Japan) gamma-linolenic acid (18:3n-6)., (Uki et al., 1985a; Uki et al., 1986a, 1986b). 16 Table 4. (Survival) %, Con, SM50, SM50+, SM100+, DP, China, Japan, Domestic A Domestic B (P<0.05), SM50 SM50+.. (weight gain/individual)

4 332 김병학ㆍ김희성ㆍ조성환 Table 2. Amino acid profiles (%, DM basis) of the experimental diets Con SM50 SM50+ SM100+ DP Experimental diets Domestic A Domestic B China Japan Undaria Sea tangle Ala Arg Asp Cys Glu Gly His Ile Leu Lys Met Phe Pro Ser Thr Tyr Val Con is the control diet. SM50, SM50+ and SM100+ diets are the diets substituting 50% squid meal, 50% squid meal and 50% macroalgae mixture, and 100% squid meal and 50% macroalgae mixture with the same respective amounts of soybean meal. DP is the diet containing 1% diatom powder in the control diet at the expense of 1% wheat flour. (China, Japan), Con DP (P<0.05),. Viana et al. (1993) casein macroalgae (Macrocystis pyrifera) (H. flugens), Nie et al. (1986) (H. discus hannai).. (H. discus hannai) (Lee et al., 1998b). (shell length) DP, China Japan (P>0.05), (P<0.05) (Table 5). (SM50, SM50+ SM100+, Domestic A, Domestic B, ). (Shell width) China Japan, DP, SM50+ (P<0.05). (Edible portion/ total weight) DP, China Japan (P<0.05). DP SM50 SM50+ SM100+,, Spirulina 2% (Cho et al., 2006). Spirulina 5%, 10% 15% (Lee et al., 1998b). (H. discus hannai) Caloneis schroderi (Han and Hur, 2000). (P<0.05). Bautista- Teruel et al. (2001),

5 전복용배합사료내대두박이전복치패의성장과체조성에미치는영향 333 Table 3. Fatty acid profiles (% of total fatty acid) of the experimental diets Fatty acid Con SM50 SM50+ SM100+ DP Experimental diets Domestic A Domestic B 12:0 0.4 China Japan Undaria Sea tangle 14: : : : : : Saturates :1n :1n :1n :1n :1n :1n Monoenes :2n :3n :3n :4n :2n :3n :3n :4n :5n :6n n-3 HUFA Unknown Abbreviation of Con, SM50, SM50+, SM100+, and DP diets are referring to footnotes of Table 2., 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3 ( ). (Bautista-Teruel et al., 2003; Cho et al., 2008), 100% (SM100+ ) 50% (SM50 SM50+ ). Met (Table 2).,. Table % Domestic B, SM50, SM100+, DP (P<0.05), % China (P<0.05), Japan

6 334 김병학ㆍ김희성ㆍ조성환 Table 4. Survival (%) and weight gain (g/abalone) of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai fed the experimental diets for 16 weeks Experimental diets Initial weight (g/individual) Final weight (g/individual) Survival (%) Weight gain (g/individual) Con 0.98± ± ±0.95 a 2.3±0.02 a SM ± ± ±0.00 a 2.2±0.02 b SM ± ± ±0.00 a 2.1±0.02 b SM ± ± ±0.48 a 1.8±0.03 d DP 0.97± ± ±0.95 a 2.4±0.02 a Domestic A 0.98± ± ±2.90 c 2.2±0.11 b Domestic B 0.98± ± ±0.48 b 2.0±0.05 c China 0.98± ± ±1.26 a 2.5±0.01 a Japan 0.98± ± ±0.48 a 2.4±0.08 a Undaria 0.98± ± ±1.26 a 2.1±0.01 bc Sea tangle 0.98± ± ±0.95 a 1.7±0.09 d Values (means of triplicate±se) in the same column sharing a common superscript are not significantly different (P>0.05). Abbreviation of Con, SM50, SM50+, SM100+, and DP diets are referring to footnotes of Table 2. Table 5. Shell length (mm), shell width (mm) and the ratio of edible portion to total biomass of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai fed experimental diets for 16 weeks Experimental diets Shell length (mm) Shell width (mm) Edible portion/total biomass Con 28.6±0.48 ab 20.4±0.23 abc 70.1±0.34 b SM ±0.32 b 18.7±0.47 cd 66.2±0.32 c SM ±0.73 b 20.1±0.25 abcd 66.5±0.10 c SM ±0.18 b 19.1±0.10 cd 65.8±0.31 cd DP 30.4±0.55 a 20.9±0.23 ab 72.5±0.22 a Domestic A 28.0±0.86 b 18.7±0.60 cd 65.1±0.61 cd Domestic B 27.3±1.71 b 18.5±1.21 d 64.7±1.00 d China 30.8±0.51 a 21.2±0.74 a 72.9±0.40 a Japan 30.6±0.35 a 20.9±0.17 ab 72.4±0.17 a Undaria 27.6±0.09 b 19.4±0.64 bcd 63.0±0.65 e Sea tangle 27.4±0.59 b 19.1±0.02 cd 59.4±0.09 f Values (means of triplicate±se) in the same column sharing a common superscript are not significantly different (P>0.05). Abbreviation of Con, SM50, SM50+, SM100+, and DP diets are referring to footnotes of Table 2. Table 6. Chemical composition (%) of edible portion of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai fed experimental diets for 16 weeks Experimental diets Moisture Crude protein Crude lipid Ash Con 78.2±0.25 bc 18.5±0.10 bc 1.1±0.03 b 2.1±0.03 ef SM ±0.79 d 18.8±0.12 b 1.1±0.06 bc 3.3±0.12 a SM ±0.62 abc 18.9±0.09 b 1.5±0.03 a 2.0±0.06 ef SM ±0.21 bc 17.9±0.09 d 0.8±0.00 d 3.0±0.12 b DP 78.2±0.03 bc 18.9±0.10 b 1.5±0.03 a 2.5±0.09 d Domestic A 80.0±0.27 ab 17.8±0.07 d 1.1±0.03 b 2.8±0.07 c Domestic B 80.3±0.38 a 18.0±0.07 d 1.0±0.03 c 2.4±0.06 d China 78.7±0.20 abc 20.6±0.20 a 1.1±0.00 bc 2.0±0.09 ef Japan 79.0±1.09 abc 17.2±0.12 e 1.5±0.00 a 2.2±0.07 e Undaria 79.4±1.09 ab 18.6±0.21 bc 1.5±0.03 a 2.0±0.00 ef Sea tangle 77.0±0.74 cd 18.3±0.23 cd 1.1±0.10 bc 1.9±0.06 f Values (means of triplicate±se) in the same column sharing a common superscript are not significantly different (P>0.05). Abbreviation of Con, SM50, SM50+, SM100+, and DP diets are referring to footnotes of Table 2.

7 전복용배합사료내대두박이전복치패의성장과체조성에미치는영향 % SM50+, DP, Japan (P<0.05), SM % SM50 (P<0.05),.,. (Mai et al., 1995a, 1995b; Bautista- Teruel and Millamena, 1999, Thongrod et al., 2003; Cho et al., 2008; Garacia-Esquivel and Felbeck, 2009; Cho, 2010). 1%, (SM50+, SM100+, Domestic B). 사사 ( ). References Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) Official Methods of Analysis (15 th edn). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA. Bautista-Teruel MN and Millamena OM Diet development and evaluation for juvenile abalone, Haliotis asinina: protein/energy levels. Aquaculture 178, dx.doi.org/ /s (99) Bautista-Teruel MN, Millamena OM and Fermin AC Reproductive performance of hatchery-bred donkey's ear abalone, Haliotis asinina, Linne, fed natural and artificial diets. Aquacult Res 32, Bautista-Teruel MN, Fermin AC and Koshio SS Diet development and evaluation for juvenile abalone, Haliotis asinina: animal and plant protein sources. Aquaculture 219, Cho SH Effect of fishmeal substitution with various animal and/or plant protein sources in the diet of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Aquacult Res 41, Cho SH, Park J, Kim C, Yoo J and Lee S Effect of the various sources of dietary additives on growth, body composition and shell color of abalone Haliotis discus hannai. J Aquaculture 19, Cho SH, Park J, Kim C and Yoo J Effect of casein substitution with fishmeal, soybean meal and crustacean meal in the diet of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Aquacult Nut 14, Duncan DB Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11, Folch J, Lees M and Stanley GHS A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids form animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226, Gracia-Esquivel Z and Felbeck H Comparative performance of juvenile red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, reared in laboratory with fresh kelp and balanced diets. Aquacult Nut 15, Han H and Hur SB Dietary values of benthic diatoms for growth recovery of the retarded spat of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. J Aquaculture 13, KOSIS Korean Statistical Information Service. Korea. Lee S, Yun SJ and Hur SB. 1998a. Evaluation of dietary protein sources for Haliotis discus hannai. J Aquaculture 11, Lee S, Lim Y, Moon YB, Yoo SK and Rho S. 1998b. Effects of supplemental and Spirulina in the diets on growth performance in juvenile Haliotis discus hannai. J Aquaculture 11, Mai K, Mercer JP and Donlon J. 1995a. Comparative studies on the nutrition of species of abalone, Haliotis tuberculata L. and Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Responses of abalone to various levels of dietary lipid. Aquaculture 134, Mai K, Mercer JP and Donlon J. 1995b. Comparative studies on the nutrition of two species of abalone, Haliotis tuberculata L. and Haliotis discus hannai Ino. IV. Optimum dietary protein level for growth. Aquaculture 136, dx.doi.org/ / (95) Nie ZQ, Z. Wang Q and Yan JP Experiments on preparing of formulated feed and feeding efficiency of young abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Mar Fish Res 7, Sales J and Britz PJ Evaluation of different markers to determine apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients of feed ingredients for South African abalone Haliotis midae L. Aquaculture 202, S (01) Thongrod S, Tamtin M, Chairat C and Boonyaratpalin M Lipid to carbohydrate ratio in donkey s ear abalone (Haliotis asinine, Linne) diets. Aquaculture 225, dx.doi.org/ /s (03)

8 336 김병학ㆍ김희성ㆍ조성환 Uki N, Kemuyama A and Watanabe T. 1985a. Development of semipurified test diets for abalone. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 51, Uki N, Kemuyama A and Watanabe T. 1985b. Nutritional evaluation of several sources in diets for abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 51, org/ /suisan Uki N, Kemuyama A and Watanabe T. 1986a. Optimum protein level in diets for abalone. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 51, suisan Uki N, Sugiura M and Watanabe T. 1986b. Requirement of essential fatty acids in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 51, suisan. Viana MT, Lopez LM and Salas A Diet development for juvenile abalone Haliotis fulgens evaluation of two artificial diets and macroalgae. Aquaculture 117, dx.doi.org/ / (93)90131-h

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할

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