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1 Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 16, No. 2 pp , ISSN / eissn 정종현 1, 이재철 2* 1 경남대학교건축학부, 2 동명대학교건축공학과 Development of IDM for BIM based Structural Steel Member Design Jong-Hyun Jung 1 and Jae-Cheol Lee 2* 1 Division of Architecture, Kyungnam University 2 Department of Architectural Engineering, Tongmyong University 요약 IDM은건설프로젝트를담당하는각전문분야의업무프로세스를대상으로정보교환의시기및내용, 관련되는 IFC 객체등을정의하기위한개방형정보전달매뉴얼이다. 본연구에서는 IDM 방법론을통해요구정보의세부정의및후속프로세스로의전달방법을분석함으로써 BIM을기반으로철골부재의단면설계를수행하기위한정보모델을정의하였다. 또한현재 IFC에서지원하는구조정보를분석하고엑셀을이용한사례적용을통해그타당성을검증하였다. 분석결과, BIM 기반철골부재단면설계를위한대부분의구조정보는현재통용되고있는 IFC2 3 에서지원하는엔터티와 Pset을활용해관리가가능하였으며, IFC2 3 에서지원하지않는소성단면계수등일부정보는 IFC4 에보완돼있음을확인하였다. 이와같이 IDM 방법론은 BIM 기반철골부재의단면설계를위한프로세스분석및교환정보의구체화, 공통적기능단위정보의정의에효과적으로활용할수있었다. Abstract IDM is a methodology for capturing and specifying processes and information flow during the life-cycle of a facility. The methodology can be used to document existing or new processes, and describe the associated information that need to be exchanged between parties. In this paper, the information model for BIM-based structural steel member design was defined using IDM methodology. The structural information offered in IFC was analyzed, and its adequacy was verified by applying the case study using Excel. As a result, IFC2 3 offers the most structural design information for BIM-based structural steel member design, and some sectional properties omitted in IFC2 3 were offered in IFC4. IDM methodology can be used effectively for developing BIM-based structural design systems. Key Words : BIM, IDM, IFC, Structural design, Steel member 1. 서론건축물의전생애주기에걸친다양한정보를디지털정보화함으로써업무생산성을향상시키고자하는 BIM(Building Information Modeling) 에대한관심이높아지고있다. 특히비정형형상을통한건물브랜드가치획득과구조적안전성, 친환경적에너지절감등을위한건물성능분석요구가커지고있는현재의환경에서는 그중요성이더욱커지고있다. BIM의효과적적용을위해서는생성된디지털정보의관리를위한데이터모델의구축이선행되어야한다. buildingsmart 에서개발, 배포하고있는 IFC(Industry Foundation Classes)[1] 는건설관련소프트웨어들간에건물의구성요소와관련된방대한정보를일관되게생성하고교환하기위한건축관련산업체표준데이터모델이다. IFC는확장이가능한골격모델로설계되었으며, 현 * Corresponding Author : Jae-Cheol Lee(Tongmyong Univ.) Tel: jclee@tu.ac.kr Received July, 24, 2014 Revised August, 25, 2014 Accepted February 12,
2 재통용되고있는 IFC2 3 버전에서는 383개의기본엔터티와 150개의공유엔터티, 114개의분야별엔터티, 그리고 317개의 Pset을제공하고있다. 그러나건설전분야에걸친방대한정보를다루는 IFC의특성상건축구조분야, 특히구조부재의상세구조설계단계에서요구되는정보를효과적으로관리하기위한데이터모델로는아직충분치않은실정이다. IFC와함께특정업무프로세스를대상으로보다구체적인데이터모델의구축을위한방법론으로써 IDM(Information Delivery Manuals)[2] 을활용할수있다. IDM은건설프로젝트를담당하는각전문분야의업무프로세스를대상으로정보교환의시기및내용, 관련되는 IFC 객체등을정의하기위한개방형정보전달매뉴얼이다. IDM에관한일반사항은선행연구 [3] 와웹사이트 [4] 를참조하여보다자세히살펴볼수있다. 본연구에서는 IDM 방법론을통해요구정보의세부정의및후속프로세스로의전달방법을분석함으로써 BIM을기반으로철골부재의단면설계를수행하기위한정보모델을정의하였다. 또한현재 IFC에서지원하는구조정보를분석하고엑셀을이용한사례적용을통해그타당성을검증하였다. 2. 기존연구고찰 IDM은건물의전생애주기에서특정업무에요구되는정보의표준화를위해교환시나리오별로어떤정보가교환되어야하는지정확히정의하는것을목표로한다. 해외에서개발이완료된 IDM 프로젝트는주로개념설계, 건축설계결과의에너지분석, 동선분석, 물량산출, 법규적합성검토, 시설물관리등의분야를대상으로하고있다. 건축구조분야와관련해서아직개발완료된사례는없고 Table 1의프로젝트가진행중에있으나철골부재의상세구조설계를대상으로한사례는없는것으로나타났다 [4]. 이외에 HVAC 시스템의성능분석을위한정보요구분석연구 [5], 건축계획분야에서비정형형태디자인과형태생성프로세스의 IDM 개발연구 [6] 등이수행되었으며, 건축구조분야에서는구조설계엔지니어링소프트웨어간정보교환프로세스의 IDM 분석연구 [7], IDM을이용한강구조의구조설계단계별정보전달요구분석 [3] 등이수행된바있다. [Table 1] IDM projects for structural eng. field[4] Local IDM ID ATC-001 KO_MLT M_005_ STR UF-DCP- 001 UF-DCP- 002 IDM Name Structural Design to Structural Detailing (ATC-75) IDM between architectural design and structural engineering activities Masonry Structural Design to Structural Analysis Wood Structural Design to Structural Analysis Internal IDM Status Draft Paused Idea Idea VBL-001 Structural design to structural analysis Proposal VBL-002 Architectural design to structural design Draft - CIS/2 interface - IDM between architectural design and - free-form structure in Super-tall Buildings - Structural Engineering On hold Work in progress 그러나건축구조분야와관련해서는직접연결방식을통한정보교환시도가주를이루고있으며중립포맷방식인 IFC 적용을위한 IDM 활용연구는매우제한적인실정이다. 이에본연구에서는철골부재의구조설계업무, 특히 BIM을기반으로하는철골부재의단면설계업무자동화를목표로 IDM을활용한정보전달요구분석및기존 IFC2 3, IFC4( 이전명칭 : IFC2x4) 와의매핑을 통한적용성평가를수행하고타당성을검증하였다. 3. 상세구조설계 IDM 분석 3.1 프로세스맵 (Process Map, PM) PM은특정작업프로세스를 BPMN(Business Process Model Notation) 을이용해표현한것으로, PM을통해업무프로세스내에서수행하는작업활동및순서, 요구되는정보등을파악할수있다. Fig. 1은철골거더와철골기둥에대한단면설계 PM의예를나타낸것이다. 3.2 정보교환요구 (Exchange Requirement, ER) ER은특정단계에서특정작업을위해교환되어야할정보의모임이다. 본연구에서는 Fig. 1의 PM을통해분석한각작업별 ER을 Table 2와 Table 3에기술하였다. IDM에따른표준문서화체계를따르되지면관계상핵심적인부분만발췌해표시하였다. 1435
3 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 2 호, 2015 Input ER_Unit ER_Span_ and_heig ht ER_Load_ ER_Eleme nt_memb er_force_ ER_Steel_ Material_ ER_H_Sec tion_ Steel Member Design Extract Geometric Calculate Lateral Torsional Buckling Strength Calculate Ultimate Load Calculate Local Buckling Strength Extract Material Calculate Nominal Bending Strength Extract Section Calculate Nominal Shear Strength Calculate Nominal Compressive Strength Check Output ER_LTB_S trength ER_LB_Str ength ER_Nomi nal_bendi ng_streng th ER_Nomi nal_shear _Strength ER_Nomi nal_comp ressive_st rength ER_Check [Fig. 1] PM of steel member design [Table 2] ERs for common structural information Exchange Requirements for <name> Element Property concept Property name ER_H_Section_ H-Section Nominal size Name, d, b, t w, t f, r Section property A, r y, I x, I y, S x, S y, Z x, Z y, C w, J ER_Element_Member_Force_ Member Force Element No., Member group name, Load combination, i-node, center-node, j-node, P, V y, V z, T, M y, M z ER_Unit Unit Length unit, Force unit ER_Span_and_Height Span X ext, X int, Y ext, Y int Height Z typical ER_Load_ Load DL, LL, Factored Load, Service Load ER_Steel_Material_ Steel Material E s, F y, F u Table 2는철골부재의단면설계를위해요구되는기본구조정보 ER을분석한결과이다. 형강의치수및단면정보, 부재력정보, 단위정보, 스팬및높이정보, 하중정보, 철골의재료정보등이요구된다. Table 3은철골부재의대표사례로서철골거더와철골기둥의단면설계를위해요구되는 ER을나타낸것이다. 횡좌굴강도, 국부좌굴강도, 공칭휨강도, 공칭전단강도또는압축강도계산을위한정보들이요구된다. 이때철골부재의단면설계를위한 Table 3의정보들은 Table 2에제시된기본구조정보로부터계산해낼수있는종속정보들인것으로분석되었다. [Table 3] ER for steel member design Exchange Requirements for <name> Element Property concept Property name ER_LTB_Strength Lateral Torsional Buckling Strength Slenderness Ratio L b, L p, r ts, E, F y, J c, S x, h o, L r Nominal moment M n ER_LB_Strength Lateral Buckling Strength Flange λ, λ p, λ r, M n Web λ, λ p, λ r, M n Nominal Moment M n ER_Nominal_Bending_Strength Nominal Bending Strength M n ER_Nominal_Shear_Strength Slenderness Ratio h, t w, E, E yw, V n ER_Nominal_Compressive_Strength Elastic Buckling Strength λ, K, L, r y, F e Nominal Compressive Strength F cr, φ, P n ER_Check Bending Moment φ, M n, M u, P n, P u Shear φ, V n, V u Deflection δ n, δ u 1436
4 3.3 기능단위 (Functional Part, FP) FP는 ER을위한정보의소단위로서해당정보의표현에활용할수있는 IFC 엔터티및 Pset 또는다른 FP 등으로기술된다. 전술한철골거더와철골기둥의단면설계프로세스를분석한결과, 이들역시 Table 2의기본구조정보를이용해수행할수있음을확인하였다. 이에따라 Table 2의기본구조정보들은독립정보로서단위유닛화하여 FP로정의할필요가있다. 본연구에서는현재통용되고있는 IFC2 3 와 2013년 3월신규배포된 IFC4에서제공하는엔터티및 Pset과의매핑을통해 Table 4와같이기본구조정보 ER과관련된 FP들을정의하였다. [Table 4] FPs for common structural information FP_Name (ER_Name) FP_Reference (ER_H_Section _) FP_Member_ Forces_and_Load (ER_Element_ Member_Force_, ER_Load_) FP_Basic_ (ER_Unit, ER_Span_and_ Height) FP_Material (ER_Steel_ Material_) IFC2 3 Derived Entity/Pset IFC4 Newly Defined Pset IfcIShapeProfileDef.ProfileName.OverallWidth.OverallDepth.WebThickness.FlangeThickness.FilletRadius IfcGeneralProfileProperties.CrossSectionArea IfcStructuralProfileProperties.MomentOfInertiaY.MomentOfInertiaZ.MaximumSectionModulusY.MaximumSectionModulusZ.WarpingConstant.TorsionalConstantX IfcStructuralSteelProfileProperties.ShearAreaZ.PlasticShapeFactorY.ShearAreaY.PlasticShapeFactorZ Pset_ProfileMechanical.PlasticShapeFactorY.PlasticShapeFactorZ IfcStructuralLoadGroup.PredefinedType.ActionType.ActionSource.Coefficient (Abstract)IfcStructuralLoadStatic IfcStructuralLoadSingleForce.ForceX.MomentX.ForceY.MomentY.ForceZ.MomentZ IfcStructuralResultGroup.Name.Description.TheoryType.IsLinear.ResultForLoadGroup IfcStructural LoadGroup IfcDerivedUnit.Elements.UnitType Pset_MemberCommon.Span.IsExternal IfcMechanicalMaterialProperties.YoungModulus.ShearModulus.PoissonRatio IfcMechanicalSteelMaterialProperties.YieldStress.UltimateStress.ProportionalStress FP_Reference는형강의단면정보를포함하고있다. 형강의단면형상은 IfcIShapeProfileDef 를, 단면특성은 IfcGeneralProfileProperties, IfcStructuralProfileProperties, IfcStructuralSteelProfileProperties를활용해관리할수있다. 이때 Table 2의형강단면특성중소성단면계수 (Z x, Z y) 는기존 IFC2 3 에서는지원하지않는다. 이정보는 IFC4에추가로정의돼있으며 Table 4에 Pset_ProfileMechanical로표시하였다. FP_Member_Forces_and_Load는하중정보와부재력정보를포함하고있다. 하중조건, 하중조합, 하중계수등은 IfcStructuralLoadGroup을, 정적하중은가상엔터티 IfcStructuralLoadStatic을활용할수있다. Table 4에는단위점에작용하는하중의예로 IfcStructuralLoadSingleForce 를표시하였다. 부재력정보는 IfcStructuralResultGroup 을활용할수있으며, 이엔터티는 ResultForLoadGroup 속성을통해 IfcStructuralLoadGroup 과연계된다. FP_Basic_는단위정보와부재의기하정보를포함하며, IfcDerivedUnit, Pset_MemberCommon 을활용할수있다. FP_Material 은철골의재료정보를포함한다. IfcMechanicalMaterialProperties, IfcMechanicalSteelMaterialProperties를통해관리할수있다. 4. 사례적용및검증본장에서는전술한 ER과 FP의정보가 BIM 기반철골부재단면설계를수행하는데충분한지검토함으로써 IDM을통해분석한정보전달요구의타당성을검증하였다. 이때 BIM 기반정보전달요구를구현할도구로서단순하면서도실무적으로가장범용성이큰엑셀을활용하였다. 엑셀시트에전술한 ER과 FP의정보를입력한후, 추가정보없이기입력한정보만으로철골부재의단면설계를수행할수있는지검토하였다. 4.1 구조체의기본정보 Fig. 2~4는 Table 2의 ER 및 Table 4의 FP에기술한구조체의기본정보를엑셀시트상에입력한화면을보여주고있다. 이정보로부터추가정보없이철골부재의단면설계를수행할수있었다. 1437
5 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 2 호, 철골거더의단면설계요구정보 Fig. 5는철골거더의단면설계를위해요구되는필수정보들로서 Fig. 2~4의기본구조정보를엑셀시트상에서셀참조를통해추출한것이다. Fig. 6은철골거더의단면설계프로세스와이과정에서요구되는정보들을나타내고있으며, 각프로세스에서요구되는정보들을기입력한엑셀시트상의셀참조만으로추가정보없이계산해낼수있었다. [Fig. 2] FP_Reference coded in excel sheet [Fig. 3] FP_Member Forces coded in excel sheet [Fig. 5] Basic data for steel girder structural design coded in excel sheet [Fig. 4] FP_Basic_ & FP_Material coded in excel sheet 1438
6 [Fig. 6] Steel girder structural design processes and data coded in excel sheet 4.3 철골기둥의단면설계요구정보 Fig. 7은철골기둥의단면설계를위해요구되는필수정보들을, Fig. 8은철골기둥의단면설계프로세스와이과정에서요구되는정보들을나타내고있다. [Fig. 8] Steel column structural design processes and data coded in excel sheet 이상과같이전술한 ER과 FP의정보만으로추가정보없이철골거더와철골기둥의단면설계를충분히수행할수있었으며, 이를통해본논문에서 IDM을통해도출한구조정보의타당성을검증하였다. 5. 결론 [Fig. 7] Basic data for steel column structural design coded in excel sheet 본연구에서는 IDM 방법론을통해 BIM 기반철골부재단면설계를위한요구정보의세부정의및후속프로세스로의전달방법을분석하였다. 이를통해 IFC에서지원하는구조정보와매핑하고엑셀을이용한사례적용을통해그타당성을검증하였다. 본연구를통해얻은결론은다음과같다. (1) 철골부재의단면설계과정에서발생하는구조정보중형강의단면정보, 하중정보, 부재력정보, 단위 1439
7 한국산학기술학회논문지제 16 권제 2 호, 2015 정보, 부재의기하정보, 철골의재료정보등은기존 IFC2 3 에서지원하는엔터티와 Pset을활용해관리가가능하였다. (2) 형강의단면특성중소성단면계수정보는기존 IFC2 3 에서는지원하지않으며 IFC4에 Pset으로추가정의돼있다. (3) IDM 방법론은 BIM 기반철골부재의단면설계프로세스분석및요구되는교환정보의구체화, 공통적기능단위정보의정의에효과적으로활용할수있다. (4) 현재 IFC2 3 에서는일부국가의설계코드에따른철근의절곡정보를 Pset으로제공하고있을뿐, 건축구조설계와관련된 Pset의정의가상당히부족하며 IFC4에일부보완이된상태이다. (5) BIM 기반구조설계프로세서의개발을위해서는 IDM 방법론을활용한작업프로세스의분석및교환정보의도출을통해국내작업관행에맞는건축구조설계관련 Pset의정의가선행되어야한다. 현재 BIM에대한높은관심과앞으로의확산전망에도불구하고건축구조설계현업에서체감하는 BIM의활용성은높지않은실정이다. 본연구에서는 IDM 방법론을통해철골부재의단면설계과정을분석하고정보모델을정의하였다. 이를통해 BIM 기반구조설계프로세서개발의토대를마련하고더나아가 BIM을통한건축구조설계실무의생산성향상에기여할수있을것으로기대된다. Extending the information delivery manual approach to identify information requirements for performance analysis of HVAC systems, Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol.27, pp , Jun., DOI: [6] S. H. Woo, S. Y. Choo, A BIM based IDM development for supporting free-form generation, Proc. of Conference in The Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea, pp.47-49, Dec., [7] J. W. Kim, J, I. Lim, S. J. You, S. W. Kwon, S. Y. Chin, C. H. Choi, Capturing information exchange process among structural engineering software applications for BIM deployment using IDM, Proc. of COSEIK Annual Conference, pp.464~469, 정종현 (Jong-Hyun Jung) [ 정회원 ] 1993 년 2 월 : 서울대학교대학원건축학과 ( 공학석사 ) 1998 년 8 월 : 서울대학교대학원건축학과 ( 공학박사 ) 1998 년 11 월 ~ 1999 년 10 월 : 한국건설기술연구원위촉연구원 1999 년 11 월 ~ 2002 년 12 월 : 현대건설기술연구소선임연구원 2003 년 1 월 ~ 2003 년 8 월 : 포스코건설기술연구소선임연구원 2003 년 9 월 ~ 현재 : 경남대학교건축학부교수 < 관심분야 > 초고층구조, BIM References 이재철 (Jae-Cheol Lee) [ 정회원 ] [1] buildingsmart, Available From: buildingsmart.com. (accessed Jul., 21, 2014) [2] buildingsmart, Information Delivery Manuals, Available From: idms/. (accessed Jul., 21, 2014) [3] J. C. Lee, Information Delivery Requirements of Steel Structure according the Structural Design Stages using IDM, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, Vol.14, No.3, pp , [4] (accessed Jul., 21, 2014) [5] X. Liu, B. Akinci, M. Berges, J. H. Garrett jr., < 관심분야 > 건축 IT, BIM 1995 년 2 월 : 서울대학교대학원건축학과 ( 공학석사 ) 2000 년 2 월 : 서울대학교대학원건축학과 ( 공학박사 ) 2000 년 5 월 ~ 2003 년 2 월 : 현대건설기술연구소선임연구원 2003 년 3 월 ~ 현재 : 동명대학교건축공학과부교수 1440
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