(JBE Vol. 22, No. 6, November 2017) (Special Paper) 22 6, (JBE Vol. 22, No. 6, November 2017) ISSN 2

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1 (Special Paper) 22 6, (JBE Vol. 22, No. 6, November 2017) ISSN (Online) ISSN (Print) UHD AV a),b), a),b) Transport Overhead Analysis in Terrestrial UHD Broadcast A/V Stream Nayeon Kim a),b) and Byungjun Bae a),b) DTV UHDTV, DTV,, MPEG-2 TS MMT, ROUTE. UHD ROUTE MMT AV,., UHD ES DTV MPEG-2 TS. AV, MMT ROUTE MPEG-2 TS. MPEG-2 TS. Abstract This paper compares transport overhead of MPEG-2 TS, MMT and ROUTE in order to compare transport efficiency between the DTV and UHDTV. The MPEG-2 TS standard, widely used, was established for multiplexing and synchronizing encoded audio and video, additional information. In recent years, MMT and ROUTE was established as a next generation multimedia transport standard for the new broadcasting communication environment. In this paper, we compare and analyze transport overhead about three protocol. In order to analysis, we captured the UHD A/V stream in real-time broadcasting service using ROUTE and MMT, and we calculated and analyzed transport overhead using the overhead analysis program which was developed in our laboratory. Furthermore, for comparison under the same conditions, we assumed the MPEG-2 TS stream by extracting ES of UHD A/V stream based on the DTV standard. In this paper, we show the results of protocol transport efficiency in case of basic A/V stream except for additional services. And result show that MMT and ROUTE have similar overhead and MPEG-2 TS is relatively small overhead. However, since MPEG-2 TS result does not consider null packets, it is expected that the relative overhead difference will be reduced. Keyword : MPEG-2 TS, MMT, ROUTE, transport overhead, UHD Copyright 2017 Korean Institute of Broadcast and Media Engineers. All rights reserved. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons BY-NC-ND ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and not altered.

2 1: UHD AV (Nayeon Kim et al.: Transport Overhead Analysis in Terrestrial UHD Broadcast A/V Stream). DTV MPEG-2 TS(Transport Stream) ROUTE(Real-Time Object Delivery over Unidirectional Transport) MMT(MPEG Media Transport) [1][2]. ATSC ROUTE MMT (Transport) ATSC 3.0, UHDTV UHD [3][4]. UHD ROUTE MMT UDP/IP. ROUTE MMT MPEG-2 TS, TV UHDTV. UHDTV ROUTE MMT ROUTE DASH(Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) MMT,. DTV UHDTV UHDTV, a) (Mobile Communication & Digital Broadcasting Engineering, UST) b) (Media Transmission Research Group, ETRI) Corresponding Author : (Byungjun Bae) i@etri.re.kr Tel: ORCID: () ( , UHD ) Manuscript received September 11, 2017; Revised October 24, 2017; Accepted October 24, DTV UHDTV [5]. ROUTE MMT UHD AV ES, TV MPEG-2 TS. [6].. 2 AV AV 1. MPEG-2 TS MPEG-2 ES (Elementary Stream) PES(Pa- cketized Elementary Stream), Audio/Video PES TS TS(Transport Stream). 1 MPEG-2 ES(Elementary Stream) 2 ES, PES, TS. PES ID PES, PES (Payload),,,. PES TS, TS TS 4 (Adaptation field), (Stu-

TS AV PES PSI(Program Specific Information) PSIP(Program and System Information Protocol, ATSC A/65).

3 1. MPEG-2 Elementary Stream Fig 1. The packetization process of elementary stream in MPEG-2 system 2. ES, PES, TS Fig 2. Structure of stream and packet of ES, PES, TS ffing). PES 188, MPEG-2 TS PES TS. TS AV PES PSI(Program Specific Information) PSIP(Program and System Information Protocol, ATSC A/65). PSI PSIP PAT(Program Association Table), PMT(Program Map Table) MGT(Master Guide Table), TVCT(Virtual Channel Table), EIT(Event Information Table), ETT(Extended Text Table) TS,. 2. ROUTE/DASH ROUTE DASH 3. ISOBMFF DASH Fig 3. The segmentation process of DASH segment based on ISOBMFF

1: UHD AV (Nayeon Kim et al.: Transport Overhead Analysis in Terrestrial UHD Broadcast A/V Stream). DASH ISOBMFF (ISO Base Media File Format) DASH, ISOBMFF [7]. 3 ISOBMFF DASH.

4 1: UHD AV (Nayeon Kim et al.: Transport Overhead Analysis in Terrestrial UHD Broadcast A/V Stream). DASH ISOBMFF (ISO Base Media File Format) DASH, ISOBMFF [7]. 3 ISOBMFF DASH. (Initialization) DASH, ftyp moov. mdat, styp mdat moof. ROUTE DASH ROUTE ROUTE 4. ROUTE MPEG-2 TS IP MTU(Maximum Transmission Unit) 20 IP 8 UDP [8]. LCT(Layered Coding Transport) 4, 16 EXT_ FTI(FEC Object Transmission Information), EXT_TOL (Transport Object Length), EXT_ROUTE_PRESENTATION_ TIME, EXT_TIME. ROUTE ROUTE HDR_LEN. ROUTE DASH. LLS(Low Level Signaling) SLS(Service Layer Signaling). LLS SLS SLT(Service List Table) SLS UHDTV USBD (User Service Bundle Description), S-TSID(Service-based Transport Session Instance Description) DASH URL MPD(Media Presentation Description).. 3. MMTP MMT MPU(Media Process Unit) ISOBMFF. 5 MPU, (Nontimed media) MPU. MPU ISOBMFF. MPU MPU (MPU metadata), (Movie fragment metadata), MFU(Media Fragment Unit) 4. ROUTE Fig 4. Structure of ROUTE packet

5 5. ISOBMFF MPU Fig 5. The segmentation process of MPU and payload based on ISOBMFF. MPU ftyp, MPU (Asset) asset_id MPU mmpu, moov. mdat moof mdat. MFU. MPU MMTP MFU. MMTP, MPU MPU, GFD(Ge- neric File Delivery),, [9][10]. GFD. MPU MPU,, MFU MMTP, USBD, MPT(MMT Package Table), HRBM(Hypothetical Re- ceiver Buffer Model).. MMTP (MMTP payload header). 6. MMTP Fig 6. Structure of MMTP packet

6 1: UHD AV (Nayeon Kim et al.: Transport Overhead Analysis in Terrestrial UHD Broadcast A/V Stream) 6 MMTP. MMTP IP MTU (Maxi- mum Transmission Unit) 20 IP 8 UDP. MMTP type MPU, MPU MFU DU(Data Unit) AV 1. MFU DU, USBD, MPT, HRBM_message. ROUTE MMT AV LLS SLT SLS, MPEG-2 TS AV. UHD A/V ES,. AV 스트림의ES 바이트수 1. MPEG-2 TS PES TS,, PSI/PSIP. PES PTS(Presentation Time Stamp) DTS(Decoding Time Stamp), PCR(Program Clock Reference) 188. ROUTE IP/UDP ROUTE,, USBD, MPD, S-TSID, DASH. MMT IP/UDP, MMTP, MPU 2. MPEG-2 TS UHD AV ES TV MPEG-2 TS. MPEG-2 TS , PSI/PSIP PMT 0.4, PAT 0.1, MGT 0.15, TVCT 0.4 EIT/ETT 0.5. ATSC TV MPEG-2 TS Table 1. The overhead definition Packet header Metadata - PES header - TS header - Adaptation Field MPEG-2 TS ROUTE MMT - IP/UDP header - ROUTE header - EXT. header - Initialization segment - styp, moof box - IP/UDP header - MMTP header - Payload header - Data Unit header - MPU metadata - Movie Fragment metadata Signaling - PSI (PAT, PMT) - PSIP (MGT, TVCT, EIT, ETT) - LLS(SLT) - SLS(USBD/S-TSID/MPD) - LLS(SLT) - SLS(USBD/MPT/HRBM)

7 2. MPEG-2 TS Table 2. Analysis of assumed MPEG-2 TS stream Video Audio PSI PSIP Total TS packet count (packets) 5.42 x x x x x 10 5 Sum of TS packet size (bytes) 1.02 x x x x x 10 8 Sum of ES data size (bytes) 9.95 x x x 10 8 Sum of TS packet header size (bytes) 2.17 x x x 10 6 Sum of Adaptive field size (bytes) 3.08 x x x 10 5 Sum of PES header size (bytes) 4.66 x x x 10 4 Sum of overhead data size (bytes) 2.53 x x x x x 10 6 bps, 188 (Null). MPEG-2 TS x x 108. ES 1.00 x 108 PSI/PSIP 2.98 x % MPEG-2 TS. AV 스트림의ES 바이트수 3. ROUTE 3 4 UHD AV A, B, ROUTE. ROUTE MTU IP 8 UDP, UHD AV ROUTE UDP/IP. ROUTE UHD AV ROUTE A B A 7.16 x A ROUTE Table 3. Analysis of ROUTE stream of A broadcaster Video Audio SLT SLS Total ROUTE packet count (packets) 7.08 x x x x x 10 4 Sum of ROUTE packet size (bytes) 1.04 x x x x x 10 8 Sum of ES data size (bytes) 9.97 x x x 10 8 Sum of UDP/IP header size (bytes) 1.98 x x x 10 6 Sum of ROUTE packet header size (bytes) 2.55 x x x 10 6 Sum of metadata size (bytes) 7.30 x x x 10 5 Sum of overhead data size (bytes) 4.60 x x x x x 10 6

8 1: UHD AV (Nayeon Kim et al.: Transport Overhead Analysis in Terrestrial UHD Broadcast A/V Stream) 4. B ROUTE Table 4. Analysis of ROUTE stream of B broadcaster Video Audio SLT SLS Total ROUTE packet count (packets) 7.08 x x x x x 10 4 Sum of ROUTE packet size (bytes) 1.04 x x x x x 10 8 Sum of ES data size (bytes) 9.96 x x x 10 8 Sum of UDP/IP header size (bytes) 1.99 x x x 10 6 Sum of ROUTE packet header size (bytes) 2.55 x x x 10 6 Sum of metadata size (bytes) 1.04 x x x 10 5 Sum of overhead data size (bytes) 4.64 x x x x x x 108. ES 1.00 x 108 ROUTE 2.57 x %, UDP/IP 2.00 x %, SLT SLS 3.09 x x %, 1.16 x % x % A ROUTE., UDP/IP 2.00 x %, SLT SLS 5.32 x x %, 1.75 x % x %. B ROUTE. AV 스트림의ES 바이트수 AV 스트림의ES 바이트수 4 B ROUTE 7.19 x 104, 1.05 x 108. ES 1.00 x 108 B ROUTE, UDP/IP,,. ROUTE 2.57 x % 3 4, 3. 4 SLT. SLT 2,.

9 4. MMT MMT, UHD A/V MMT A, B MMT. MMTP ROUTE UDP/IP. MMTP A B A MMT, 6 B MMT x 104, 1.05 x 108 AV ES 1.00 x 108.,,. ES MMTP. MMTP UDP/IP, DU % 2.92 x 106 MMTP %, 2.00 x 106 UDP/IP %, 1.13 x 106 DU % x %, 5.32 x % x 106 MMTP 6.254% 5. A MMTP Table 5. Analysis of MMTP stream of A broadcaster Video Audio SLT SLS Total MMTP packet count (packets) 7.91 x x x x x 10 4 Sum of MMTP packet size (bytes) 1.05 x x x x x 10 8 Sum of ES data size (bytes) 9.96 x x x 10 8 Sum of UDP/IP header size (bytes) 2.22 x x x 10 6 Sum of MMTP packet header size (bytes) 2.85 x x x 10 6 Sum of MPU metadata size (bytes) 6.62 x x x 10 5 Sum of fragment metadata size (bytes) 2.57 x x x 10 4 Sum of data unit header size (bytes) 1.11 x x x 10 6 Sum of overhead data size (bytes) 6.26 x x x x x B MMTP Table 6. Analysis of MMTP stream of B broadcaster Video Audio SLT SLS Total MMTP packet count (packets) 7.95 x x x x x 10 4 Sum of MMTP packet size (bytes) 1.05 x x x x x 10 8 Sum of ES data size (bytes) 9.95 x x x 10 8 Sum of UDP/IP header size (bytes) 2.23 x x x 10 6 Sum of MMTP packet header size (bytes) 2.86 x x x 10 6 Sum of MPU metadata size (bytes) 9.41 x x x 10 5 Sum of fragment metadata size (bytes) 3.61 x x x 10 4 Sum of data unit header size (bytes) 1.11 x x x 10 6 Sum of overhead data size (bytes) 6.33 x x x x x 10 6

10 1: UHD AV (Nayeon Kim et al.: Transport Overhead Analysis in Terrestrial UHD Broadcast A/V Stream). A MMTP.. AV 스트림의ES 바이트수 x 104, 1.06 x 108 A ES 1.00 x 108. A B %, 3.527%, 2.450%. MMTP 2.96 x %, UDP/IP 2.00 x %, DU 1.15 x % x 105, 5.32 x x 106 MMTP 6.506%. B MMTP. AV 스트림의ES 바이트수 B SLT, SLS.. B, MTU ES 5. 2, 3, 4 MPEG-2 TS ROUTE, MMT. MPEG-2 TS, UDP/IP. ROUTE MMT MMT. MMT, MPU ES. MMT ROUTE,,.. MPEG-2 TS ROUTE, MMT. MPEG-2 TS ROUTE/MMT MTU, UDP/IP, ISOBMFF ROUTE/MMT. ROUTE MMT MTU,, ROUTE

. AV. (References) [1] ISO/IEC 13818-1, Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information - Part 1: Systems, the International Organization for

[2] ISO/IEC 23008-1, Information technology - High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments - Part 1: MPEG media transport, the International Organization for

11 . AV. (References) [1] ISO/IEC , Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information - Part 1: Systems, the International Organization for Standardization, [2] ISO/IEC , Information technology - High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments - Part 1: MPEG media transport, the International Organization for Standardization, [3] ATSC Standard, ATSC Proposed Standard: Signaling, Delivery, Synchronization, and Error Protection (A/331), A/331, [4] TTAK.KO /R1, Transmission and Reception for Terrestrial UHDTV Broadcasting Service, [5] ISO/IEC , Information technology - Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) - Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats, the International Organization for Standardization, [6] TTAK.KO /R4, Standard of Transmission and Reception for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting, [7] ISO/IEC , Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 12: ISO base media file format, the International Organization for Standardization, [8] M. Park, Y. Kim, An Overhead Comparison of MMT and MPEG-2 TS in Broadcast Services, Journal of Broadcast Engineering, Vol. 21, No.3, pp , May [9] Y. Sohn, M. Cho, J. Paik, Design of MMT-based Broadcasting System for UHD Video Streaming over Heterogeneous Networks, Journal of Broadcast Engineering, Vol. 20, No.1, pp.16-25, Jan [10] M. Park, Y. Kim, MMT-based Broadcasting Services Combined with MPEG-DASH, Journal of Broadcast Engineering, Vol. 20, No.2, pp , Mar [11] N. Kim, B. Bae, A Transport Overhead Analysis in Terrestrial UHD Broadcast A/V Stream, Proceeding of Conference, Broadcasting and media, Jeju, Korea, pp , June [12] H. An, D. Kang, K. Kim, Method of Delivering DASH Segments based on MMTP for Re-use of DASH Contents under MMT Broadcasting Environment, Journal of Broadcast Engineering, Vol. 22, No.5, pp , Sep [13] S. Song, J. Bang, J. Paik, Design and Implementation of Receiver s Buffer Model for Stably Receiving a Hierarchically Encoded UHD Content Based on MMT, Journal of Broadcast Engineering, Vol. 22, No.5, pp , Sep [14] I. Cho, S. Hahm, S. Kim, B. Kim, S. Kim, S. Jeon, Terrestrial 4K UHD Live Broadcasting of Sports, Journal of Broadcast Engineering, Vol. 20, No.1, pp.26-39, Jan : ~ : ~ : (UST) - :, MPEG, : : ~ : ~ : ~ : (UST) ~ : (TTA) PG802(PG) ~ : UHDTV & WG - : UHDTV,,

1 : MMT MPEG-2 TS (MinKyu Park et al.: An Overhead Comparison of MMT and MPEG-2 TS in Broadcast Services). MPEG-2 TS(Transport Stream) MPEG-2 (Part) [

1 : MMT MPEG-2 TS (MinKyu Park et al.: An Overhead Comparison of MMT and MPEG-2 TS in Broadcast Services). MPEG-2 TS(Transport Stream) MPEG-2 (Part) [ (JBE Vol. 21, No. 3, May 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 3, 2016 5 (JBE Vol. 21, No. 3, May 2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2016.21.3.436 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) MMT MPEG-2 TS a), a)