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1 Journal of Breast Cancer ISSN J Breast Cancer 2008; June 11 (2): ORIGINAL ARTICLE 유두상유방암의임상병리학적특성및예후인자 * 박세호ㆍ * 김주희ㆍ김석모ㆍ박병우ㆍ이경식 1 연세대학교의과대학외과학교실, 1 포천중문의과대학외과학교실 Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast *Seho Park, *Joo-Hee Kim, Seokmo Kim, Byeong-Woo Park, Kyong Sik Lee 1 Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul; 1 Department of Surgery, Pochon CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea Purpose: Papillary carcinoma of the breast is a rare disease and accounts for 1-2% of all breast cancers. Because of its rarity, there have been no reports regarding prognostic factors of papillary carcinoma of the breast. The aim of this study was to review the clinicopathological factors and treatment modalities of papillary carcinoma of the breast and to evaluate the relationship between these factors and survival rates. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 31 patients diagnosed with papillary carcinoma of the breast from January 1986 to December Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.5 yr. The most common symptom was a palpable mass (n=27). The mean size of a tumor was 3.5 cm and 41.9% of the patients were categorized as T2. Eighteen patients had node negative breast cancer. According to the TNM stage, there were 5, 5, 16 and 2 patients with stage 0, I, II and III disease, respectively. Expression of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were positive in 80.8% and 69.2% of the patients, respectively. Twenty-three patients underwent mastectomy and eight patients underwent breast-conserving surgery. Fourteen patients received chemotherapy, 20 patients received hormone therapy, and 10 patients received radiotherapy. The 10-yr disease-free survival rate and 10-yr overall survival rate were 74.9% and 86.1%, respectively. Axillary lymph node negative and an age under 50 yr were statistically significant factors in 5-yr disease-free survival and in 5-yr overall survival, respectively. Conclusion: Papillary carcinoma of the breast showed a favorable outcome. Lymph node status and age were statistically significant factors for survival rates. The tumor size and stage had a relation with the survival rate, although the relation was not statistically significant. Key Words : Breast, Papillary carcinoma, Prognosis 중심단어 : 유방, 유두상암, 예후 서 유방의유두상암의발생빈도는전체유방암의 1-2% 정도로드물게보고되고있다.(1-3) 유두상암은조직병리학적분류에많은논란이있어왔으나크게비침윤성유두상암과침윤성유두상 론 책임저자 : 박병우 서울시서대문구신촌동 134, 연세대학교의과대학외과 Tel: , Fax: bwpark@yuhs.ac 접수일 : 2008년1월 17일게재승인일 : 2008년5월 2일 * 공동제1 저자임. 암으로구분된다.(1, 4, 5) 비침윤성유두상암은다시국소형과미만형으로분류하기도하는데, 국소형은낭종내유두상암이며미만형은유두상형태를지닌관상피내암이다.(5) 침윤성유두상암의이형으로침윤성미세유두상암이있다.(5) 유두상암은 60 세이상의폐경후환자에서호발하는것으로보고되고있으며, 액와림프절의전이가드물고, 스테로이드호르몬수용체가풍부하며, 재발이늦어침윤성유관암보다비교적좋은예후를갖는것으로되어있다.(1, 4, 6) 국내에서보고한문헌에따르면유두상암의유병률은전체유방암의 1.4% 정도로드물게발생하고, 5년유방암특이생존율은 77

2 78 Seho Park, et al. 98.3% 로침윤성유관암의 5년유방암특이생존율 87.2% 보다양호하다.(7, 8) 그러나낮은발생률로인해유두상암의예후인자에관한무작위적이고전향적인연구가미흡한실정이다. 이에저자들은유두상암으로수술받은환자를대상으로임상병리학적인자나치료방법을알아보고, 이에따른생존율을분석하였다. 방법 로가장많았으며, 평균연령은 53.5세였다 (Table 1). 같은기간동안본원에서유방암으로수술받은 4,350예의평균연령은 47.6세로, 유두상암환자평균연령이 6세정도높았다. 환자의주증상은만져지는종괴를호소한경우가 27 명, 유두분비가 2명, 검진상종괴를발견한경우가 2명이었다 (Table 1). 종양은왼쪽유방에발생한경우가 15 명, 오른쪽유방에발생한경우가 16 명으로큰차이가없었다. 1986년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지연세대학교세브란스병원외과에서유방암으로수술받은 4,350예중조직병리학적으로유두상암으로진단된 31 명 (0.7%) 을대상으로하였다. 환자의의무기록을통해여러가지임상병리학적인자및치료방법을후향적으로조사하였으며, 외래추적관찰이나통계청사망자료를통해환자의재발이나생존여부를확인하였다. 진단당시연령, 주증상, 위치, 종양의크기, 액와림프절전이유무, 병기, 호르몬수용체양성도, 수술방법, 항암약물치료, 호르몬치료, 방사선치료여부를조사하였다. 병기는 6th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 분류를토대로하였으며, 호르몬수용체양성도는면역조직화학염색을통해 10% 이상의세포에서발현이있을때를양성으로하였다. 무병생존율과전체생존율은 Kaplan-Meier 방법을사용하였으며, 비교는 Log-rank test 로검정하였고, p-value가 0.05 이하인경우를통계적으로유의하다고평가하였다. 통계프로그램은 SPSS for Windows version 13.0을사용하였다. 1. 연령분포및주증상 결 환자의연령은 32 세부터 86 세까지분포하였다. 40 대가 12 예 Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients of papillary carcinoma of the breast 과 Characteristics Number of patients (n=31) % Age Chief complaint Mass Nipple discharge Screening Site of tumor Left Right 종양의크기, 액와림프절전이및종양의병기 종양의크기는 0.8 cm 부터 10.5 cm 까지분포하였다. 2 cm Table 2. Pathological characteristics of tumor in papillary carcinoma of the breast Characteristics Number of patients (n=31) % Tumor size (n=31) Tis T T T Lymph node (n=28) N N N2 0 0 N Stage (n=28) I II III Histologic type (n=31) Non-invasive Intracystic Intraductal Invasive Papillary Micropapillary ER (n=26) Negative Positive PR (n=26) Negative Positive c-erbb-2 (n=22) Negative Positive Histologic grade (n=9) Well-diff Moderately-diff Nuclear grade (n=4) Well-diff Moderately-diff ER=estrogen receptor; PR=progesterone receptor; diff=differentiated.

3 Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast 79 이하 8예, 2 cm 초과 5 cm 이하 18 예, 5 cm 초과 5예였다 (Table 2). 종양의평균크기는 3.5 cm이었다. 액와림프절곽청술을시행받은 28 명의환자중 10 명에서액와림프절전이소견이관찰되었다 (Table 2). 이들은평균 17.3개 ( 범위 4-39개 ) 의액와림프절이제거되었으며, 액와림프절전이양성환자중전이된액와림프절은평균 2.5 개 ( 범위 1-11개 ) 였다. 종양의병기는 2기가 16 명으로가장많았다 (Table 2). 3. 스테로이드호르몬수용체, c-erbb-2 스테로이드호르몬수용체검사는 26 명에서시행되었다 (Table 2). 에스트로겐수용체검사는 21 명에서양성이었으며, 프로게스테론수용체검사는 18 명에서양성이었다. 둘다음성인환자는 3 명이었다. c-erbb-2는 22 명에서시행되었으며, 5 명에서양성이었다. 4. 수술방법및수술후보조요법수술방법은변형근치유방절제술을시행한환자가 23 명이었고, 유방보존술을시행한환자가 8명이었다 (Table 3). 수술후항암약물치료는 14 명에서시행되었다. 그중 10 명은 cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil (CMF) 요법으로, 4명은 anthracycline 또는 taxane계요법으로시행되었다. 호르몬치료는 20 명에서시행되었다. 그중 19 명은선택적에스트로겐수용체조절제로치료받았으며, 1명은아로마타제억제제로치료받았다. 방사선치료는 10 명에서시행되었다. 5. 병리학적소견전체 31 명의환자중 23 명은침윤성유두상암이었고, 8명은비침윤성유두상암이었다. 육안소견상대부분주위조직과의경계가분명하였으며, 절단면은주로황갈색과회색을띠는경우가대 부분이었다. 종양세포들은섬세한섬유혈관성줄기를중심으로유두상으로성장하였다 (Fig 1). 섬유혈관성줄기의간질조직은아주미세하였으며, 10 명에서병변부주위의조직소견상관상피내암을나타내고있었다. 6. 무병생존율및전체생존율수술후추적조사기간은평균 74.5 개월이었다. 5년무병생존율은 87.4%, 10년무병생존율은 74.9% 였고, 5년전체생존율은 92.3%, 10년전체생존율은 86.1% 였다 (Fig 2, 3). 재발은 3 명의환자에서발생하였다. 32 세환자로변형근치유방절제술상 T2N1M0로 stage IIb였으며, CMF 요법으로항암약물치료및타목시펜으로호르몬치료를받았다. 수술후 82 개월째반대쪽유방에침윤성유관암이발견되어변형근치유방절제술을시행받았다. 그러나병기결정검사상폐전이가확인된 stage IV (T2N3M1) 로 taxane계항암약물치료를받았다. 수술후 152 개월째뇌전이가확인되어방사선치료및 5-FU, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide (FAC) 요법으로항암약물치료받고현재추적관찰중이다. 38 세환자로피하유방절제술상 T3N1M0로 stage IIIa 였으며, CMF 요법으로항암약물치료및방사선치료를받았다. 수술후 59 개월째수술받은유방부위의국소전이가발견되어광범위절제술을시행받고현재추적관찰중이다. 53 세환자로부분유방절제술상 T1NxM0였으며, 방사선치료및토레미펜으로호르몬치료를받았다. 수술후 50 개월째액와전이가확인되어액와곽청술 (12 개제거된림프절중 2개에서전이가확인되었다.) 시행후 anthracycline 및 taxane계항암약물치료, 방사선치료및아로마타제억제제로호르몬치료를받고현재추적 Table 3. Treatment modality in papillary carcinoma of the breast Treatment methods Number of patients % Operation (n=31) BCS Mastectomy Chemotherapy (n=27) Not done Done Hormone therapy (n=26) Not done Done Radiotherapy (n=25) Not done Done BCS=breast conserving surgery. Fig 1. Microscopic findings of papillary carcinoma of the breast. Papillary carcinoma demonstrates a monotonous cellular proliferation with papillary architecture and nuclear hyperchromasia. The inset is a higher power of the carcinoma and reveals cellular pleomorphism and numerous mitoses (H&E stain, 100).

4 80 Seho Park, et al. Cumulative survival Months after operation Fig yr disease-free survival curve. Cumulative survival Months after operation Fig yr overall survival curve. 관찰중이다. 사망한환자는 4명이었다. 68 세환자로변형근치유방절제술상 2.5 cm 크기의관내유두상암이었으나, 절제된액와림프절 12 개중 1개에서전이가확인되었다. 수술후 182 개월째원발성대장암으로사망하였다. 68 세환자로부분유방절제술및액와림프절곽청술상 TisN0M0로 stage 0였다. 수술후 21 개월째원발성폐암으로사망하였다. 75 세환자로변형근치유방절제술상 T2N0M0로 stage IIa였으며, 타목시펜으로호르몬치료를받았다. 수술후 63 개월째유방암으로사망하였다. 86 세환자로변형근치유방절제술상 T3N0M0로 stage IIb였으며, 토레미펜으로호르몬치료를받았다. 수술후 37 개월째유방암으로사망하였다. 여러임상병리학적인자나치료방법에따른 5년무병생존율분석소견상액와림프절전이유무만이통계학적인의의가있었 Table 4. 5-yr disease-free survival and 5-yr overall survival according to the clinicopathological factors and treatment modalities in papillary carcinoma of the breast Factors 5-yr DFS (%) 으며, 5년전체생존율은연령만이통계학적인의의가있었다 (Table 4). 고 p-value 유두상암은세계보건기구의정의에의하면 희귀한암으로침윤성암종중유두상증식을보이는경우로기저막침윤이나전이병변에서도유두상형태를지닌다. 또한관상피내암이관찰되기도한다. 라고하였다.(9) 유두상암은크게침윤성유두상암과비침윤성유두상암두가지로구분할수있다.(1, 4, 5) 비침윤성 찰 5-yr OS (%) p-value Age NS < 50 (n=15) (n=16) Tumor size NS NS 2 cm (n=8) > 2 cm (n=23) Lymph node NS Negative (n=18) Positive (n=10) Stage NS NS 0, I (n=10) II, III (n=18) Estrogen receptor NS NS Negative (n=5) Positive (n=21) Progesterone receptor NS NS Negative (n=8) Positive (n=18) c-erbb-2 NS NS Negative (n=17) Positive (n=5) Operation method NS NS BCS (n=8) Mastectomy (n=23) Chemotherapy NS NS Not done (n=13) Done (n=14) Hormone therapy NS NS Not done (n=6) Done (n=20) Radiotherapy NS NS Not done (n=15) Done (n=10) yr DFS=5-year disease-free survival; 5-yr OS=5-year overall survival; NS=not significant; BCS=breast conserving surgery.

5 Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast 81 암은섬유혈관성줄기에섬세한유두상세포를가진단독의또는출혈성병변을가진국소형의낭종내유두상암과중앙에특징적인섬유혈관성줄기를가지며, 전형적인관상피내암의형태를동반하는미만형이있고, 침윤성암은주로중심에위치해있으며경계가잘지워지고, 기저막침윤이확인된침윤성유두상암과드문이형으로중심의섬유혈관성줄기가없이액와림프절전이나재발을잘하는침윤성미세유두상암이있다.(4, 5) 유두상암은보고에따라차이는있으나전체유방암의 1-2% 를차지하며, 진단시평균연령이 63-67세로폐경후의고령에서호발하는것으로알려져있다.(1, 4, 10) 본원의경우유두상암환자의빈도는전체유방암으로진단된환자중약 0.7% 였으며, 평균연령은 53.5세로서양보다적은빈도로, 보다젊은연령에서호발하였다. 국내문헌보고에의하면유두상암환자의평균연령이 47 세로이보다는 6세가량많았다.(11, 12) 본연구에서도 40 대가 12명 (38.7%) 으로가장많았다. 다른종류의유방암과비교하였을때, 유두상암은성장속도가느리고, 환자가느낄수있는증상이결여되어진단전에 1년이상의임상증상을갖고수술이이뤄지는경우가많다.(4, 13, 14) 본연구결과 3년동안만져지는종괴가있었으나조직검사후수술을거부하다 2년 2개월후수술결과 T3N0M0의병기로호르몬치료하였으나수술후 37 개월째사망한환자 1명이있었다. 낭종내유두상암의경우적어도 3분의 1에서유두분비를주소로한다.(2, 4, 15) 본연구결과 4명의낭종내유두상암환자중 1명 (25%) 에서혈성유두분비를주증상으로하였다 (Table 2). 유두상암은유방조영술상단독의불명확한종괴로나타나며, 미세석회화가드물고, 소엽의형태를띄는경우가많고, 초음파상경계가명확하고, 균질이아니며, 후방음영증강을동반한저음영의병변으로보이며, 간혹낭성부분에격막이관찰되기도한다.(16, 17) 크기는다양하나평균 2-3 cm이고, 중앙에주로위치한다고알려져있다.(5, 18) 본연구결과평균크기가 3.5 cm 이었다. 액와림프절의전이와관련하여, 침윤성유두상암은액와림프절전이가드물고, 전이가있더라도예후가양호한것으로알려져있는데이전보고에의하면약 30% 정도의빈도를보인다. (1, 12) 본연구에서도 35.6% 에서액와림프절의전이가확인되었다. 침윤성유관암과비교해보면같은기간동안본원에서침윤성유관암으로수술받은 3,404명중액와림프절전이가확인된환자는 1,639명으로 48.1% 를차지하여유두상암에서액와림프절전이비율이낮았다. 하지만예후가양호한것으로알려진침윤성유두상암과는달리침윤성미세유두상암은종양의크기가크고, 액와림프절전이가많아예후가불량한것으로알려져있다.(19) 본연구결과침윤성미세유두상암은 4명이있었으며, 평균종양의크기는 3.2 cm이었고, 그중 3명에서액와림프절전 이양성소견이었으나모두생존해있다 (Table 2). 유두상암은일반적으로에스트로겐과프로게스테론수용체가높게발현된다고보고되고있으며,(6) 본연구에서도검사를시행한환자의각각 80.8%, 69.2% 에서양성반응이나타났다. Kang 등 (11) 의보고와비교하여에스트로겐수용체양성비율은높았으며, 프로게스테론수용체양성비율은낮았다. 같은기간동안본원에서침윤성유관암으로수술받은환자중에스트로겐수용체와프로게스테론수용체유무를알수있는환자는각각 2,822명, 2,757명이었으며, 그중 62.7%, 57.0% 에서에스트로겐, 프로게스테론수용체양성을나타내유두상암에서스테로이드호르몬수용체발현비율이높았다. 침윤이없는낭종성또는고형성유두상암은관상피내암의한형태로고려할수있고, 유두상암은재발도늦게발생하며, 액와림프절전이가있더라도양호한예후를보이며, 관상형유방암이나점액성유방암과같은양호한치료결과를보고하였다.(1, 4) 그러나낮은발병률로인해국내에서유두상암에서임상병리학적인자나치료방법에따른생존율과의관계는연구가미비하였다. Kang 등 (11) 은유두상암의 10 년생존율은 83.3% 로양호하다고하였으나예후인자와관련된연구는진행되지않았다. 본연구결과 10 년전체생존율은 86.1% 로 Kang 등 (11) 의연구와비슷하였다. 액와림프절전이유무가 5년무병생존율과통계학적으로유의하였으며, 진단시연령이 5년전체생존율과통계학적으로유의하였다. 비록통계학적으로유의한결과는나오지않았지만, 종양의크기가 2 cm 이하인경우, 종양의병기가 0기, 1 기인경우에 5년무병생존율과전체생존율이양호하였다. 본연구에서대상환자수가적은한계가있었지만, 유두상암의특성을파악하고, 치료방법을확립하며, 예후향상을위하여다기관연구방법을이용하여보다많은환자를대상으로연구가필요하리라사료된다. 결론 1986년 1월부터 2005년 12 월까지연세대학교세브란스병원외과에서유두상암으로수술받은 31 명을대상으로임상병리학적인자나치료방법을알아보고, 생존율과의관계를후향적으로조사하였다. 평균연령은 53.5세였고, 87.1% 에서만져지는종괴를주증상으로하였다. 평균종양의크기는 3.5 cm이었고, 64.3% 에서액와림프절전이가음성이었으며, 57.1% 에서종양의병기가 2기였다. 에스트로겐수용체는검사를시행한환자의 80.8% 에서, 프로게스테론수용체는 69.2% 에서, c-erbb-2는 22.7% 에서양성이었다. 재발은 3명에서발생하였고, 평균추적기간 74.5 개월동안 4명이사망하였다. 10 년무병생존율은 74.9% 였으며,

6 82 Seho Park, et al. 10 년전체생존율은 86.1% 였다. 액와림프절전이유무가 5년무병생존율과통계학적으로유의하였으며, 진단시연령이 5년전체생존율과통계학적으로유의하였다. 비록통계학적인유의성은찾을수없었으나종양의크기, 병기도생존율과관련이있었으며, 유두상암의치료방법확립과예후향상을위하여보다많은환자를대상으로한연구가필요하리라사료된다. 참고문헌 1. Fisher ER, Palekar AS, Redmond C, Barton B, Fisher B. Pathologic findings from the national surgical adjuvant breast project (Protocol No.4) VI. Invasive papillary cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 1980;73: Carter D. Intraductal papillary tumors of the breast. A study of 76 cases. Cancer 1977;39: Devitt JE, Barr JR. The clinical recognition of cystic carcinoma of the breast. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1984;159: Carter D, Orr SL, Merino MJ. Intracystic papillary carcinoma of the breast after mastectomy, radiotherapy or excisional biopsy alone. Cancer 1983;52: Bansidhar BJ, Garguilo GA. Papillary carcinoma of the breast: characteristics and classification. Am Surg 2003;69: Masood S, Barwick KW. Estrogen receptor expression of the less common breast carcinomas. Am J Clin Pathol 1990;93: Kim DJ, Kim YS, Joo HC. Papillary carcinoma of the breast. J Korean Surg Soc 2000;59: The Korean Breast Cancer Society. Survival analysis of Korean breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1993 and 2002 in Korea-a nationwide study of the cancer registry. J Breast Cancer 2006;9: World Health Organization. Histological typing of breast tumors. Tumori 1982;68: Czernobilsky B. Intracystic carcinoma of the female breast. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1967;124: Kang HS, Kim YC, Noh DY, Park IA, Youn YK, Oh SK, et al. Histopathologic features of papillary cancer in breast. J Korean Surg Soc 1998;55: Kim DJ, Kim YS, Joo HC. Papillary carcinoma of the breast. J Korean Surg Soc 2000;59: Lefkowitz M, Lefkowitz W, Wargotz ES. Intraductal (intracystic) papillary carcinoma of the breast and its variants: a clinicopathologic study of 77 cases. Hum Pathol 1994;25: Hunter CE Jr, Sawyers JL. Intracystic papillary carcinoma of the breast. South Med J 1980;73: Rosen PP, Hoda SA. Papillary carcinoma. In: Rosen PP, Hoda SA, eds. Breast pathology diagnosis by needle core biopsy. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006; McCulloch GL, Evans AJ, Yeoman L, Wilson ARM, Pinder SE, Ellis IO, et al. Radiological features of papillary carcinoma of the breast. Clin Radiol 1997;52: Lam WW, Tang AP, Tse G, Chu WC. Radiology-pathology conference: papillary carcinoma of the breast. Clin Imaging 2005;29: Ibarra JA. Papillary lesions of the breast. Breast J 2006;12: Luna-More S, Gonzalez B, Acedo C, Rodrigo I, Luna C. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast. A new special type of invasive mammary carcinoma. Path Res Pract 1994;190:

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