Journal of Radiation Industry 12 (1) : 51 ~ 56 (2018) Technical Paper 용적변조회전방사선치료시 Set-up 오차에따른선량전달정확성의평가 하광은 2 나권우 1 이주훈 1 박성아 1 김상현 1, * 1 신한대학교방사선학

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Journal of Radiation Industry 12 (1) : 51 ~ 56 (2018) Technical Paper 용적변조회전방사선치료시 Set-up 오차에따른선량전달정확성의평가 하광은 2 나권우 1 이주훈 1 박성아 1 김상현 1, * 1 신한대학교방사선학"

Transcription

1 Journal of Radiation Industry 12 (1) : 51 ~ 56 (2018) Technical Paper 용적변조회전방사선치료시 Set-up 오차에따른선량전달정확성의평가 하광은 2 나권우 1 이주훈 1 박성아 1 김상현 1, * 1 신한대학교방사선학과, 2 을지대학교병원방사선종양학과 Assessment of Dose Delivery Accuracy with Set-up Error for VMAT Gwang-Eun Ha 2, Kwon-Ou Na 1, Ju-Hun Lee 1, Sung-Ah Park 1 and Sang-Hyun Kim 1, * 1 Department of Radiological Science, Shinhan University, 95, Hoam-ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do 11644, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, EulJi Hospital, 68, Hangeulbiseok-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea Abstract - In order to investigate the effect of set-up error on the dose delivery, this study evaluates the accuracy of dose delivery due to set-up error by applying a virtual brain tumor treatment plan using volumetric modulated rotational radiation therapy (VMAT). After obtaining a crosssectional image with a CT device using Head Phantom, a treatment planning program was used to establish a VMAT treatment plan. Based on the treatment plan established, DQA was performed to assess the difference in dose delivery accuracy with set-up error. When the distance was changed to 7 mm with a distance of 1 mm on the basis of the measured value of 0 in the direction of Lat. and Vrt, a comparison was performed by deriving the average after 5 measurements each using a three dimensional array detector. We applied a virtual brain tumor treatment plan using VMAT. In the absence of set-up error, the measured values were 96.8%, 96.4%, 96.2% in Lat. ±1 mm, 96.2%, 95.9% in Lat. ±2 mm, 95.4%, 95.2% in Lat. ±3 mm, 92.0%, 90.1% in Lat. ±4 mm, 86.9%, 83.7% in Lat. ±5 mm, 85.6%, 80.3% in Lat. ±6 mm, 75.2%, 79.5% in Lat.±7 mm, respectively. 96.1%, 96.1% in Vrt. ±1 mm, 95.9%, 95.7% in Vrt. ±2 mm, 95.1%, 95.1% in Vrt. ±3 mm, 91.4%, 91.5% in Vrt. ±4 mm, 88.6%, 88.3% in Vrt. ±5 mm, 83.1%, 85.6% in Vrt. ±6 mm, 79.1%, 77.2% in Vrt. ±7 mm respectively. As the lateral and vertical error increases, the accuracy of the dose delivery decreases. In order to improve the accuracy of the dose delivery during VMAT treatment, we should try to reduce the error through accurate posture and appropriate image induction. Key words : VMAT, Gamma index, 3D array detecter, Set-up error 서 일반적인 2 차원방사선치료를비롯하여 3 차원입체조형 방사선치료, 세기조절방사선치료, 최근의용적변조회전방 론 * Corresponding author: Sang-Hyun Kim, Tel , Fax , . kbm0821@shinhan.ac.kr 사선치료및영상유도방사선치료에이르기까지방사선치료기술은지속적인발전을이루고있다 (Bak et al. 2006; Bruno and Aris 2006). 이러한첨단방사선치료법들은공통적으로종양부위에처방선량을집중하고주위의정상조직및중요장기에피폭되는선량을줄이는데목적을두고있다. 즉, 조사야마진 (margin) 을줄여종양에조사하는선량 51

2 52 하광은 나권우 이주훈 박성아 김상현 Fig. 1. Head phantom and baseplates. Fig. 3. ArcCHECK. Fig. 2. Head phntom and big bore CT. Fig. 4. ArcCHECK and synergy. 을증가시켜치료효과를높이고, 주위의정상조직과중요장기의부작용이나합병증을감소시킴으로써결국에는보다나은치료결과를얻고자하는것이다. 그중기존의방사선치료가특정방향에서만고정되어서방사선의조사가이루어졌던것과는달리용적변조회전방사선치료는세기조절방사선치료 (IMRT) 를하면서치료기가환자주위를 360 도회전하는동안 Beam을조사하는방식으로선형가속기의회전속도와선량률까지연속적으로조절가능하다. 그러므로주변정상조직으로조사되는방사선량을최소화하면서종양에만계획한방사선량이전달되도록하여, 부작용을최소화하고높은치료효과를얻을수있다 (Lee et al. 2013; Kim et al. 2016). 방사선치료에서환자의 Set-up 과정, 혹은환자의움직임이원인이되어발생하는 Set-up 오차등은첨단치료의장점을경감시키는가장중요한요인중하나이다 (Kim et al. 2007). 다시 Set-up을해야하는번거로움을줄여줄수있으며, 실제보정된수치도직접확인할수있게되었다 (Guckenberger et al. 2012). 만약 Set-up 오차를보정하지않고치료를하게되는경우치료계획용적 (Planning Target Volume, PTV) 에저선량전달및주변주요장기에과한선량전달의결과를초래할가능 성도있다 (Holtzer et al. 2012). 이러한경우환자의 Set-up 을다시실시한후오차를보정하여치료를진행하고있다. 본논문에서는가상의뇌종양치료시발생하는 Lateral과 Vertical에대한치료오차의보정이이루어지지않은상태에서치료가진행되었을경우, 실제조사되는선량전달정확성을평가해보고자한다. 재료및방법 1. 실험재료 Head Phantom (The Standard Model 038 CRIS, USA) 과고정용구로 Baseplates (Standard Supine Uni-fame CIVCO, USA) 를사용하였다 (Fig. 1). Big bore CT (Philips Medical Systems, Netherlands) 를사용하였으며 (Fig. 2), 치료검증장비로 ArcCHECK (Sun Nuclear, USA) 를사용하였다 (Fig. 3). 장비는 Synergy (Elekta Medical Systems, Sweden) 를사용하였고 (Fig. 4), 용적변조회전방사선치료계획프로그램은 MONACO 3.3 (Elekta Medical Systems, Sweden), FocalSim 4.8 (Elekta Medical Systems, Sweden), MOSAIQ 2.6 (Elekta

3 Set-up 오차에따른선량전달정확성평가 53 Fig. 5. Radiation therapy planning with MONACO 3.3. Medical Systems, Sweden) 를사용하였다 (Fig. 5). 용적변조회전방사선치료선량분석프로그램은 SNC Patient 6.1 (Sun Nuclear, USA) 을사용하였다. 2. 실험방법 Elekta 사의 Synergy, 그리고 6 MV의광자선이사용되었다. CRIS 사의 Head Phantom과 CIVCO 사의 Baseplates를사용하여 Philips 사의 Big bore CT로촬영하고단면영상을획득한후, Elekta 사의 MONACO를이용하여 control point 는 150개이하로제한하였고, 방사선량계산간격은 3 mm 로, couch와 col. 는 0도로고정하여 VMAT 치료계획을하였다. 실험에는용적변조회전방사선치료치료계획을사용한가상의뇌종양치료계획을적용하였다. 전산화치료계획시스템을이용하여환자의치료계획정보를품질관리용치료계획으로변환하고원통형 3차원배열검출기 ( 전리함수 : 1,386개, 검출기용적 : mm 3, 직경 : 21.0 cm, 높이 : 21.0 cm, 배열간격 : 1.0 cm, 배열방법 : 나선형 ) 를사용하여각각의조건에서측정하였다. 이동이없는 No 일때를기준으로하여임의의간격 (±1 7 mm) 을 Lateral과 Vertical 방향으로각 1 mm 간격으로이동하여각각평균 5회선량측정을하였다 (Lat. 시 + 는우측, - 는좌측을뜻하며, Vrt. 시 + 는상방, - 는하방을뜻한다 ). 각조건에서측정된선량분포의차이를분석하기위해용적변조회전방사선치료분석프로그램 SNC Patient를사용하였으며거리상의일치 (distance-to-agreement DTA) 와선량에대한차이 (Dose difference, DD) 에대하여이원화된정량적평가방법인감마지수 (Gamma Index) 를이용하였다 (Francisco et al. 2011; Stock et al. 2011; Stasi et al. 2012). 결과 1. Lateral 방향 setup 오차에의한감마지수 Setup 오차가없을때 (No ) 측정값은 96.8% 로나타났고 Lateral + 방향으로 1 mm 이동시에는각각 96.4%, 96.3%, 96.3%, 96.4%, 96.5%, - 방향에서는 96.1%, 96.2%, 96.2%, 96.2% 96.1% 의값을획득하였다. 2 mm 이동시에는 + 방향에서각각 96.0%, 96.2%, 96.3%, 96.2%, 96.2%, - 방향에서는 95.9%, 96.0%, 95.7%, 96.0%, 95.9% 의값을획득하였다. 3 mm 이동시에는 + 방향에서각각 95.3%, 95.4%, 95.5%, 95.3%, 95.5%, - 방향에서는 95.2%, 95.2%, 95.1%, 95.1%, 95.2% 의값을획득하였다. 4 mm 이동시에는 + 방향에서각각 92.2%, 91.9%, 91.9%, 92.0%, 92.0%, - 방향에서는 90.1%, 90.1%, 90.0%, 90.1%, 90.1% 의값을획득하였다. 5 mm 이동시에는 + 방향에서각각 86.8%, 87.0%,

4 54 하광은 나권우 이주훈 박성아 김상현 Table 1. Analysis of dose delivery (Lateral right) ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.08 Table 4. Analysis of dose delivery (Vertical inferior) ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.11 Table 2. Analysis of dose delivery (Lateral left) ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.10 Table 5. P-value of statistics Lateral Vertical Right Left Superior Inferior Table 3. Analysis of dose delivery (Vertical superior) 86.9%, 86.9%, 86.9%, - 방향에서는 83.7%, 83.7%, 83.6%, 83.7%, 83.8% 의값을획득하였다. 6 mm 이동시에는 + 방 향에서각각 85.5%, 85.5%, 85.8%, 85.6%, 85.6%, - 방향 에서는 80.3%, 80.2%, 80.4%, 80.3%, 80.3% 의값을획득 하였다. 7 mm 이동시에는 + 방향에서각각 79.5%, 79.7%, 79.5%, 79.5%, 79.5%, - 방향에서는 75.1%, 75.3%, 75.3%, 75.1%, 75.2% 의값을획득하였다 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± %, 95.1%, 95.1% 를, -3 mm 방향에서는 95.1%, 95.1%, 95.1%, 95.2%, 95.1% 를획득하였다. +4 mm 방향에서각각 91.5%, 91.3%, 91.5%, 91.3%, 91.4% 를, -4 mm 방향에서는 91.5%, 91.4%, 91.4%, 91.6%, 91.5% 를획득하였다. +5 mm 방향에서각각 88.5%, 88.6%, 88.6%, 88.6%, 88.7% 를, -5 mm 방향에서는 88.4%, 88.2%, 88.2%, 88.4%, 88.4% 를획득하였다. +6 mm 방향에서각각 83.0%, 83.0%, 83.1%, 83.2%, 83.2% 를, -6 mm 방향에서는 85.6%, 85.6%, 85.6%, 85.6%, 85.5% 를획득하였다. +7 mm 방향에서각각 77.1%, 77.2%, 77.1%, 77.3%, 77.2% 를, -7 mm 방향에서는 79.0%, 79.2%, 79.2%, 79.1%, 79.3% 를획득하였다. 3. Setup 오차방향별통계분석비모수검정인 Wilcoxon 부호순위검정을이용하여 setup 오차가없을시에 96.8의평균값을기준으로각경우별 p-value 값을구하였다. Lateral과 Vertical 모두 p<0.05로통계적으로유의하였다. 2. Vertical 방향 setup 오차에의한감마지수 Vertical 방향의이동시에는 +1 mm 방향에서각각 96.0%, 96.2%, 96.1%, 96.1%, 96.1%, -1 mm 방향에서는 96.2%, 96.1%, 96.2%, 96.0%, 96.1% 의값을획득하였다. +2 mm 방향에서는각각 96.0%, 96.1%, 95.8%, 95.9%, 95.8% 를, -2 mm 방향에서는 95.7%, 95.7%, 95.6%, 95.7%, 95.8% 를획득하였다. +3 mm 방향에서각각 95.2%, 95.1%, 고찰가상환자의뇌종양치료시 Lateral, Vertical 방향에서 3 mm Set-up 오차까지는기준치인 95% 를넘어섰지만각 4, 5, 6, 7 mm로오차를둔경우에는현재 ICRU-52에서기준으로하고있는감마지수 (3 mm, 3%, gamma pass rate 95%

5 Set-up 오차에따른선량전달정확성평가 55 이상 ) 를만족시키지못하였고모든감마지수의유의확률은 p-value 값이 0.05 이하의값이도출되어통계적으로유의하였다. 감마지수 (3 mm, 3%, gamma pass rate 95% 이상 ) 는허용오차범위안에들어왔으나, 선량차이에대해서는간과할수없다. 선행연구에서도 p-value는 95% 신뢰구간에서 0.05 미만으로대립가설이채택되어통계학적으로유의한차이가발생하고이는정확한일치가아닐수있다 (Lee et al. 2013). 중요한조직이나기관으로이루어진머리부위의치료를상정하고평가를하였기에실제뇌종양치료시에는주변주요장기에더큰영향을미칠것이라생각되며, 만약환자에게서발생한오차를간과하고지나치게된다면정밀하게방사선이조사되는용적변조회전방사선치료에서선량전달의정확성측면에부정적인영향을미치게될것이라예상된다. 치료기의복잡한움직임이많아지고치료시선량이세기변조방사선치료에비해큰 VMAT 치료를구현하는데있어서치료장비가계획된치료계획을얼마나정확하게환자에게구현해낼것인지에대한평가, 즉치료전선량평가의중요성이증가하게되었다 (Kim et al. 2016). Set-up 오차를 7 mm 발생을가정한연구는다소무리가있을수있다고생각되어지나선행연구에서보면 21명을대상으로치상돌기 (dens) 의좌우위치변화를측정한결과 2.7% 에서 5 mm 이상에서오차가나타나이를방사선치료계획용프로그램을이용하여재현해보았을때, 임상표적체적의선량조사감소와척수의과도한선량조사가이루어진것으로나타났다 (Kim et al. 2011). 본논문의측정은 Lateral과 Vertical 방향으로의위치변화에따른상황만을상정하여선량측정을실시함으로써 Rotation 변화에따른선량변화는확인할수없었다는한계가있다. 이를보완하기위해추후 Longitudinal 방향과 Pitch, Roll, Yaw의 Rotation 변화가가능한 6D Couch를이용하여추가적인측정및연구를하는것이필요하다고생각된다. 흉 복부에위치한내부장기는환자의호흡에따라위치가변화하기때문에치료계획용표적체적결정시장기의움직임을고려하여확장하게되는데, 이는종양에인접한정상조직이받는선량이증가되어부작용을발생시키게된다. 이에가상의뇌종양만을대상으로하였기에다른부위의치료계획에대해서도연구를할필요가있다고판단된다. 결론본논문의결론은다음과같다. 첫째 Lateral 방향 setup 오차에의한감마지수는오른쪽, 왼쪽이동에서모두 3 mm 이내에서 95% 이상으로측정되었다. 둘째 Vertical 방향 setup 오차에의한감마지수는상, 하이동에서모두 3 mm 이내에서 95% 이상으로측정되었다. 결과에서확인된것처럼환자자세잡이시에나타나는오차의발생에대하여인지하고있을필요가있겠으며, 용적변조회전방사선치료시선량전달의정확성을높이기위해서는정확한자세잡이와영상유도를통하여 Set-up 오차가발생했을경우, 이를다시바로잡아오차를줄이도록노력해야한다. 두경부암은조직이나기관이복잡한구조를가지고있어치료에어려움이있다. 척수, 시신경교차점, 척수등중요정상기관이표적과근접해있으면서계획용표적체적의여유마진이작아서환자자세잡이오차가중요하다. VMRT 치료는종양주변의임계장기에적은선량을부여하고종양에는더큰선량을줌으로써치료효과를높이는효과적인치료법이다. 이에환자자세잡이를줄이는노력을한다면방사선을이용한치료목표인정상조직의장해확률을가능한작게하고, 종양조직에더큰선량을증가시킴으로써종양치유확률을증가시킬수있다. 참고문헌 Bak J, Jeong K, Keum KC and Park SW On-line Image Guided Radiation Therapy using Cone-beam CT (CBCT). J. Korean. Soc. Ther. Radiol. Oncol. 24(3): Bruno S and Aris T Clinical application of image-guided radiotherapy, IGRT (on the Varian OBI platform). Cancer Radioth. 10(5): Francisco CH and Silvia VC A Probability Approach to the Study on Uncertainty Effects on Gamma Index Evaluations in Radiation Therapy. Int. J. Comput. Math (Article ID ):1-10. Guckenberger M, Roesch J, Baier K, Sweeney RA and Flentje M Dosimetric consequences of translation and rotational errors in frame-less image-guided radiosurgery. Radiat. Oncol. 7(1):1-8. Holtzer N, Hoffmans D, Dahele M, Cuijpers JP, Slotman BJ and Verbakel WF Roll and Pitch Correction in Headand-Neck Patients by Rapid Adaptation of Volumetric Modulated Arc Treatment Plans. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 84(3): S28-S29. Hussein M and Rowshanfarzad P A comparison of the gamma index analysis in various commercial IMRT/VMAT QA systems. Radiother. Oncol. 109(3): Kim DH, Kim YT, Ki YG, Nam JH and Lee MR Location error od the in a two-dimensional set-up verification during head and neck radiotherapy. J. Korean. Soc. Ther. Radiol. Oncol. 29(2): Kim JD, Lee HO, You JM, Ji DH and Song JY Analyses

6 56 하광은 나권우 이주훈 박성아 김상현 of the Setup Errors using on Board Imager (OBI). J. Korean Soc. Radiat Ther. 19(1):1-5. Kim SH, Bae SM, Seo DR, Kang TY and Bae KM Evaluate the Implementation of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy QA in the Radiation Therapy Treatment according to Various Factors by Using the Portal Dosimetry. J. Korean Soc. Radia Ther. 27(2): Lee DH, Bae SM, Gwak JW, Kang TY and Baek KM The Accuracy Evaluation according to Dose Delivery Interruption and Restart for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy. J. Korean Soc. Radiat Ther. 25(1): Li G, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Bai S, Peng G, Wu K and Jiang Q Evaluation of the ArcCHECK QA system for IMRT and VMAT verification. Phys. Medica. 29(3): Stasi M, Bresciani S, Miranti A, Maggio A, Sapino V and Gabriele P Pretreatment patient-specific IMRT quality assurance : a correlation study between gamma index and patient clinical dose volume histogram. Med. Phys. 39(12): Stock M, Kroupa B and Georg D Interpretation and evaluation of the γ index and the γ index angle for the verification of IMRT hybrid plans. Phys. Med. Biol. 50(3): Received: 17 January 2018 Revised: 18 February 2018 Revision accepted: 4 March 2018

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

±èÇ¥³â

±èÇ¥³â 533 Fig. 1. Dead zone. Nine echoes are positioned 2-10 mm below the scan surface with 1 mm distance. All nine echoes are clearly visualized. 534 Fig. 2. Vertical and horizontal measurement. 10 cm distance

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

untitled

untitled PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 24, No. 2, June, 2013 Evaluation of the Accuracy for Respiratory-gated RapidArc Jiwon Sung*, Myonggeun Yoon*, Weon Kuu Chung, Sun Hyun Bae, Dong Oh Shin, Dong Wook Kim

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Dec.; 27(12), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1036 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1036 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online)

More information

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) ISSN 228

(JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016) (Regular Paper) 21 1, (JBE Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2016)   ISSN 228 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) (Regular Paper) 1 1, 016 1 (JBE Vol. 1, No. 1, January 016) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.016.1.1.60 ISSN 87-9137 (Online) ISSN 16-7953 (Print) a), a) An Efficient Method

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2013) 26(1), 201 208 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2013.26.1.201 A Note on Model Selection in Mixture Experiments with Process Variables Jung Il Kim a,1

More information

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 26. No. 1. 1~ 초기유방암환자에서조사야내조사야전유방방사선치료의 선량분포특성 김원동 * 책임저자 : 김원동, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1, 충북대학교의과대학방사선종양학교실, 의학연구소 (28644),

충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 26. No. 1. 1~ 초기유방암환자에서조사야내조사야전유방방사선치료의 선량분포특성 김원동 * 책임저자 : 김원동, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1, 충북대학교의과대학방사선종양학교실, 의학연구소 (28644), 충북의대학술지 Chungbuk Med. J. Vol. 26. No. 1. 1~9 2016 초기유방암환자에서조사야내조사야전유방방사선치료의 선량분포특성 김원동 * 책임저자 : 김원동, 충북청주시서원구충대로 1, 충북대학교의과대학방사선종양학교실, 의학연구소 (28644), wdkim3@chungbuk.ac.kr (Tel: 043-269-6213, Fax: 043-269-6208)

More information

untitled

untitled Original Article PROGRESS in MEDICAL PHYSICS Vol. 25, No. 2, June, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2014.25.2.110 Comparison of the Dose Distributions with Beam Arrangements in the Stereotactic Body

More information

10(3)-09.fm

10(3)-09.fm w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½

More information

<30362E20C6EDC1FD2DB0EDBFB5B4EBB4D420BCF6C1A42E687770>

<30362E20C6EDC1FD2DB0EDBFB5B4EBB4D420BCF6C1A42E687770> 327 Journal of The Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology ISSN 1598-3986(Print) VOL.24, NO.2, Apr. 2014 ISSN 2288-2715(Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.13089/jkiisc.2014.24.2.327 개인정보 DB 암호화

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

12È«±â¼±¿Ü339~370

12È«±â¼±¿Ü339~370 http://www.kbc.go.kr/ k Si 2 i= 1 Abstract A Study on Establishment of Fair Trade Order in Terrestrial Broadcasting Ki - Sun Hong (Professor, Dept. of Journalism & Mass Communication,

More information

Yn-U-Medicine#(25#2#01) 김성규(종설).hwp

Yn-U-Medicine#(25#2#01) 김성규(종설).hwp 영남의대학술지제25권제2호 Yeungnam Univ. J. of Med. Vol.25 No.2 p85-91, Dec. 2008 종설 세기조절방사선치료의정도관리 김성규 영남대학교의과대학방사선종양학교실 Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiation Theray Sung-Kyu Kim 1) -Abstract- Department

More information

09È«¼®¿µ 5~152s

09È«¼®¿µ5~152s Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.23, No.2, 2007, pp.45~52 Measurement of Backscattering Coefficients of Rice Canopy Using a Ground Polarimetric Scatterometer System Suk-Young Hong*, Jin-Young Hong**,

More information

09구자용(489~500)

09구자용(489~500) The Study on the Grid Size Regarding Spatial Interpolation for Local Climate Maps* Cha Yong Ku** Young Ho Shin*** Jae-Won Lee**** Hee-Soo Kim*****.,...,,,, Abstract : Recent global warming and abnormal

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc

Kinematic analysis of success strategy of YANG Hak Seon technique Joo-Ho Song 1, Jong-Hoon Park 2, & Jin-Sun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Scienc Kinematic analysis of success strategy of technique JooHo Song 1, JongHoon Park 2, & JinSun Kim 3 * 1 Korea Institute of Sport Science, 2 Catholic Kwandong University, 3 Yonsei University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

04조남훈

04조남훈 Received : 2011. 11. 16 Reviewed : 2011. 11. 25 Accpeted : 2011. 12. 5 A Case Report of Prescribing Yanghyeolgeopung-tang(yangxuequfeng-tang) to Two Patients with Cervical Disc Herniation and Headache

More information

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현

원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 연세대학교대학원 의학과 남상현 원위부요척골관절질환에서의초음파 유도하스테로이드주사치료의효과 - 후향적 1 년경과관찰연구 - 지도김석원교수 이논문을석사학위논문으로제출함

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT

More information

Kaes025.hwp

Kaes025.hwp 고위험군유두상갑상선암환자에대한방사성옥소최대허용선량측정법및치료법의검증 Verification of Measurement Methods and Therapeutic Efficacy of Maximum Permissible Dose of I-131 in High Risk Patients with Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Feb.; 29(2), IS THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Feb.; 29(2), 93 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.2.93 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) UHF-HF

More information

<C8ADB7C220C5E4C3EBC0E52E687770>

<C8ADB7C220C5E4C3EBC0E52E687770> 하동 화력 7 8호기 건설부지 문화재 지표조사 결과보고서 2005. 01. ( 재) 우리문화재연구원 하동 화력 7 8호기 건설부지 문화재지표조사 결과보고서 Ⅰ. 조사개요 1. 조 사 명 : 하동 화력 78 호기 건설부지 문화재지표조사 2. 조사지역 : 경남 하동군 금성면 가덕리 1336답 일원 3. 조사 면적 : 134,204m2 4. 조사 목적 한국남부발전(

More information

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770>

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 866-871, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.2.866 증강현실을 이용한 아동교육프로그램 모델제안 권미란 1*, 김정일 2 1 나사렛대학교 아동학과, 2 한세대학교 e-비즈니스학과

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

A Study on the Relationships between Self-Differentiation and Adaptability Factors for Senior Dementia Patients Care Givers Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Welfare Graduate University Full-time Lecturer

More information

00-2 목차.hwp

00-2 목차.hwp Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 10 pp. 6187-6192, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.10.6187 ISSN 1975-4701 / eissn 2288-4688 전뇌조사의체적변조회전치료시두피선량감소에관한평가

More information

Jkstro029( ).hwp

Jkstro029( ).hwp 대한방사선종양학회지 004;(3):165~176 수모세포종의방사선치료후전두엽하방재발된환자에서원인분석및구제치료 004 7 19 004 9 6. :, Tel: 0)374-7633, Fax: 0)31-9033 E-mail: cosuh317@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr. 대한방사선종양학회지 004;(3):165 176 만, 이를 바탕으로 하여 최근 진행된 수모세포종에

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on the Opti

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   A Study on the Opti Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.127-148 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/11024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.127 A Study on the Optimization of Appropriate Hearing-impaired Curriculum Purpose:

More information

,. 3D 2D 3D. 3D. 3D.. 3D 90. Ross. Ross [1]. T. Okino MTD(modified time difference) [2], Y. Matsumoto (motion parallax) [3]. [4], [5,6,7,8] D/3

,. 3D 2D 3D. 3D. 3D.. 3D 90. Ross. Ross [1]. T. Okino MTD(modified time difference) [2], Y. Matsumoto (motion parallax) [3]. [4], [5,6,7,8] D/3 Depth layer partition 2D 3D a), a) 3D conversion of 2D video using depth layer partition Sudong Kim a) and Jisang Yoo a) depth layer partition 2D 3D. 2D (depth map). (edge directional histogram). depth

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA FPS게임 구성요소의 중요도 분석방법에 관한 연구 2 계층화 의사결정법에 의한 요소별 상관관계측정과 대안의 선정 The Study on the Priority of First Person Shooter game Elements using Analytic Hierarchy Process 주 저 자 : 배혜진 에이디 테크놀로지 대표 Bae, Hyejin AD Technology

More information

005송영일

005송영일 Received : 2015. 12. 09 Reviewed : 2015. 12. 16 Accepted : 2015. 12. 16 Sternal Fracture occurred after Thai Massage : A Case Report Young-Il Song, K.M.D. 1, Dong-Eun Kim, K.M.D. 1 1 Department of Rehabilitation

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jul.; 27(7), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 16 Jul.; 27(7), 64662. http://dx.doi.org/./kjkiees.16.27.7.646 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226 (Online) 2D Microwave Image

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer

패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 패션 전문가 293명 대상 앙케트+전문기자단 선정 2010.1 Fashionbiz CEO Managing Director Creative Director Independent Designer READY-TO-WEAR Fashionbiz 2010.1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 2010.1 Fashionbiz

More information

광덕산 레이더 자료를 이용한 강원중북부 내륙지방의 강수특성 연구

광덕산 레이더 자료를 이용한 강원중북부 내륙지방의 강수특성 연구 Study on the characteristic of heavy rainfall in the middle northern Gangwon Province by using Gwangdeoksan radar data 2004. 12. 10. Fig. 2.2.1 Measurement range of Gwangdeoksan radar site Fig. 2.2.2

More information

Microsoft Word - 1-차우창.doc

Microsoft Word - 1-차우창.doc Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea Vol. 28, No. 2 pp.1-8, May 2009 1 하이브리드 환경하의 인간기계시스템 제어실 평가에 관한 연구 차 우 창 김 남 철 금오공과대학교 산업시스템공학과 A Study of the Evaluation for the Control Room in Human Machine

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

44-4대지.07이영희532~

44-4대지.07이영희532~ A Spatial Location Analysis of the First Shops of Foodservice Franchise in Seoul Metropolitan City Younghee Lee* 1 1 (R) 0 16 1 15 64 1 Abstract The foodservice franchise is preferred by the founders who

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

황지웅

황지웅 Comparison of Laparoscopy and Exploration in the Distal Pancreatectomy BACKGROUND: To determine the benefits of laparoscopic surgery compared with exploration, the clinical outcomes of open and laparoscopic

More information

04서종철fig.6(121~131)ok

04서종철fig.6(121~131)ok Development of Mobile Applications Applying Digital Storytelling About Ecotourism Resources Seo, Jongcheol* Lee, Seungju**,,,. (mobile AIR)., 3D.,,.,.,,, Abstract : In line with fast settling trend of

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

Crt114( ).hwp

Crt114( ).hwp cdna Microarray Experiment: Design Issues in Early Stage and the Need of Normalization Byung Soo Kim, Ph.D. 1, Sunho Lee, Ph.D. 2, Sun Young Rha, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 and Hyun Cheol Chung, M.D., Ph.D. 3,4 1

More information

untitled

untitled DOI: 10.3857/jkstro.2011.29.2.107 뇌ㆍ두경부방사선치료시전자조사문영상장치를이용한세트업오차확인에서제 2 경추치상돌기위치의임상적의의 부산대학교의학전문대학원방사선종양학교실 김동현ㆍ김원택ㆍ기용간ㆍ남지호ㆍ이미란ㆍ전호상ㆍ박 달ㆍ김동원 목적 : 뇌ㆍ두경부종양의방사선치료에서전자조사문영상장치 (electronic portal imaging device)

More information

Kbcs002.hwp

Kbcs002.hwp Does Real-time Compound Imaging Improve Evaluation of reast Cancer Compared to Conventional Sonography? o Kyoung Seo, M.D., Yu Whan Oh, M.D., Kyu Ran Cho, M.D., Young Hen Lee, M.D., Hyung Joon Noh, M.D.,

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

?

? http://kfaexpo.kr/ The 40th Korea Franchise Business Expo 2017 JUNE - Vol.23 2017 JUNE - Vol.23 2017 in Busan COVER STORY SPEACIAL REPORT GUIDE POST PEOPLE & STORY ASSOCIATION NEWS Ҷ

More information

디지털포렌식학회 논문양식

디지털포렌식학회 논문양식 ISSN : 1976-5304 http://www.kdfs.or.kr Virtual Online Game(VOG) 환경에서의 디지털 증거수집 방법 연구 이 흥 복, 정 관 모, 김 선 영 * 대전지방경찰청 Evidence Collection Process According to the Way VOG Configuration Heung-Bok Lee, Kwan-Mo

More information

,.,..,....,, Abstract The importance of integrated design which tries to i

,.,..,....,, Abstract The importance of integrated design which tries to i - - The Brand Touchpoint Analysis through Corporate Identity Typeface of Mobile Telecommunication Companies - Focusing on and - : Lee, Ka Young Dept. Lifestyle Design, Dankook University : Kim, Ji In Dept.

More information

45-51 ¹Ú¼ø¸¸

45-51 ¹Ú¼ø¸¸ A Study on the Automation of Classification of Volume Reconstruction for CT Images S.M. Park 1, I.S. Hong 2, D.S. Kim 1, D.Y. Kim 1 1 Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, 2 Dept. of Radiology,

More information

04김호걸(39~50)ok

04김호걸(39~50)ok Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment, Vol. 22, No. 1(2013) pp.39~50 Prediction of Landslides Occurrence Probability under Climate Change using MaxEnt Model Kim, Hogul* Lee, Dong-Kun** Mo, Yongwon*

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Jun.; 27(6), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Jun.; 27(6), 495 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.6.495 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Design

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun Rate). STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)., -

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 6, Jun Rate). STAP(Space-Time Adaptive Processing)., - THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Jun.; 29(6), 457463. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.6.457 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Sigma-Delta

More information

뉴욕 퀸즈 병원(NYHQ) 방사선 종양학과의 쥴리아 및 네드 아놀드 센터( Julia and Ned R. Arnold Center)는 미국 유수의 방사선 종양학과 프로그램 중 선두주자 의 위치에 우뚝 선 치료 센터입니다. 당 센터는 고도의 전문 교육을 받은 스태 프와

뉴욕 퀸즈 병원(NYHQ) 방사선 종양학과의 쥴리아 및 네드 아놀드 센터( Julia and Ned R. Arnold Center)는 미국 유수의 방사선 종양학과 프로그램 중 선두주자 의 위치에 우뚝 선 치료 센터입니다. 당 센터는 고도의 전문 교육을 받은 스태 프와 뉴욕 퀸즈 병원 방사선 종양학과의 쥴리아 및 네드 아놀드 센터(Julia and Ned R. Arnold Center) 보다 높은 수준의 암 치료. 뉴욕 퀸즈 병원(NYHQ) 방사선 종양학과의 쥴리아 및 네드 아놀드 센터( Julia and Ned R. Arnold Center)는 미국 유수의 방사선 종양학과 프로그램 중 선두주자 의 위치에 우뚝 선 치료 센터입니다.

More information

지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월 (pp.71~92),.,.,., Support Vector Machines,,., KOSPI200.,. * 지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월

지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월 (pp.71~92),.,.,., Support Vector Machines,,., KOSPI200.,. * 지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월 지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월 (pp.71~92),.,.,., Support Vector Machines,,., 2004 5 2009 12 KOSPI200.,. * 2009. 지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월 김선웅 안현철 社 1), 28 1, 2009, 4. 1. 지능정보연구제 16 권제 1 호 2010 년 3 월 Support

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

82-01.fm

82-01.fm w y wz 8«( 2y) 57~61, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis p w w Á Á w w» y l Analysis of Influence Factors and Corrosion Characteristics of Water-pipe in Potable Water System Jae Seong

More information

untitled

untitled 3. 농업환경연구과 과제구분 기본연구 수행시기 전반기 연구과제 및 세부과제 수행 기간 소 속 책임자 농가에 적합한 부식성곤충 대량 사육기술 개발 12~ 13 농업환경연구과 곤충팀 이영혜 1) 부식성 곤충 먹이 제조 기술 개발 12~ 13 농업환경연구과 곤충팀 이영혜 색인용어 부식성곤충, 장수풍뎅이, 계통, 먹이제조 ABSTRACT In first check,

More information

Microsoft Word - KSR2012A021.doc

Microsoft Word - KSR2012A021.doc YWXY G ºG ºG t G G GGGGGGGGGrzyYWXYhWYXG Ÿƒ Ÿ ± k ¹Ÿˆ Review about the pantograph field test result adapted for HEMU-430X (1) ÕÕÛ äñ ã G Ki-Nam Kim, Tae-Hwan Ko * Abstract In this paper, explain differences

More information

<BFA9BAD02DB0A1BBF3B1A4B0ED28C0CCBCF6B9FC2920B3BBC1F62E706466>

<BFA9BAD02DB0A1BBF3B1A4B0ED28C0CCBCF6B9FC2920B3BBC1F62E706466> 001 002 003 004 005 006 008 009 010 011 2010 013 I II III 014 IV V 2010 015 016 017 018 I. 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 III. 041 042 III. 043

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

<30382E20B1C7BCF8C0E720C6EDC1FD5FC3D6C1BEBABB2E687770>

<30382E20B1C7BCF8C0E720C6EDC1FD5FC3D6C1BEBABB2E687770> 정보시스템연구 제23권 제1호 한국정보시스템학회 2014년 3월, pp. 161~184 http://dx.doi.org/10.5859/kais.2014.23.1.161 베이비붐세대의 디지털라이프 지수* 1) 권순재**, 김미령*** Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅱ. 기존문헌 연구 2.1 베이비붐세대의 현황과 특성 2.2 베이비붐의 세대이 정보화 연구 Ⅲ. 연구내용 및 방법 Ⅳ.

More information

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285

2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914 ) ( ) ( ) 4) 1915 ( ) ( ) 1917 2) 3) 4) 285 13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 284 296 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X 1) * ** ** 1 1920 1930 40 ( 1896-1973) 80 * ** 1) 2003 284 2 1896 2 26 ( ) 2 7-20 2) 1897 1898 ( )3) 6 1902 8 1904 10 10 (19 05-1914

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

Study on the Improvement of Management System through Analysis of golf semi- market: Focus on Physical Education Facility Act Ji-Myung Jung 1, Ju-Ho Park 2 *, & Youngdae Lee 3 1 Korea Institute of Sport

More information

09이훈열ok(163-

09이훈열ok(163- Korean Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol.27, No.2, 2011, pp.163~170 Change of Refractive Index of Air in X-band due to Atmospheric Humidity, Temperature and Pressure measured by GB-SAR Interferometry Jae-Hee

More information

Fluoroscopic anatomy for supraventricular tachycardia ablation Hui-Nam Pak, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Yonsei Cariovascular Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College

More information

11¹ÚÇý·É

11¹ÚÇý·É Journal of Fashion Business Vol. 6, No. 5, pp.125~135(2002) The Present State of E-Business according to the Establishment Year and the Sales Approach of Dongdaemun Clothing Market Park, Hea-Ryung* and

More information

09김정식.PDF

09김정식.PDF 00-09 2000. 12 ,,,,.,.,.,,,,,,.,,..... . 1 1 7 2 9 1. 9 2. 13 3. 14 3 16 1. 16 2. 21 3. 39 4 43 1. 43 2. 52 3. 56 4. 66 5. 74 5 78 1. 78 2. 80 3. 86 6 88 90 Ex e cu t iv e Su m m a r y 92 < 3-1> 22 < 3-2>

More information