Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp (November, 2017) pissn eissn X

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1 Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp (November, 2017) pissn eissn X 유입지천을고려한낙동강본류구간의공간적수질특성분석 김소래 김상민 * 경상대학교대학원농공학과, * 경상대학교지역환경기반공학과 ( 농업생명과학연구원 ) Spatial Water Quality Analysis of Main Stream of Nakdong River Considering the Inflow of Tributaries Sorae Kim Sang Min Kim * Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University * Department of Agricultural Engineering(Institute of Agriculture and Life Science), Gyeongsang National University (Received 22 May 2017, Revised 28 August 2017, Accepted 22 September 2017) Abstract The purpose of this study is the analysis of the water quality spatial characteristics for the main stream of Nakdong River in consideration of the tributary inflow. The flow and water quality (BOD, TOC, TP) data for 32 monitoring stations located in the main stream and the tributaries of Nakdong River were collected from 2003 to From the results of the flow and water quality analyses for each site, a status map of the flow and the water quality for Nakdong River was produced. The water quality of each river section was classified according to seven river-environment standards. The water quality changes in the main stream before and after the confluence were analyzed spatially. As a result, the water quality of Kumho River, in particular the Kumho B to Kumho C section, is the worst among the tributaries. In addition, the water quality grades of the lower streams such as Nam River and Miryang are worse than that of the upper streams of the Nakdong River. In the case of the main stream, the water quality grades of the sections between the Wicheon and Nam River confluences and the section from Nakbon L to Nakbon N are relatively poor. Key words : Nakdong River, Spatial Analysis, Tributary, Water Quality.,.,, 90%. 1977, (Ahn et al., 2016; Kim et al., 2017; NIER, 2008). To whom correspondence should be addressed. smkim@gnu.ac.kr This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 20.,. (Lee et al., 2016; Lee et al., 2015; Park et al., 2015)., (Beak, 2003; Hwang et al., 2013; Kim, 2008)., Park et al. (2010),. Hwang et al. (2013). Im and Son (2016) 한국물환경학회지제 33 권제 6 호, 2017

2 유입지천을고려한낙동강본류구간의공간적수질특성분석,. 35. Lee et al. (2016), ( )..., (BOD, TOC, T-P)., 7. 1,567 m,,,,,,,,,,. 22, 195, 804 ( 14, 1 10, 2 780), 23,717 km 2, km 2, m, 37.03%, 1.62 (MOLIT, 2017). 10 (,,,,,,,,, ) 1 (, ). 4 8 (,,,,,,, ) 29, 10 m 3 41 (Kim and Choi, 2016). Fig. 1 Table 1 Fig. 1. Nakdong River basin stream network and the main water quality monitoring stations. 32 ( 13, 19 ) /. 8 ph, DO, BOD, COD, SS,, (T-N), (T-P) (NIER, 2015). BOD, TOC, T-P (WIES) Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 33, No. 6, 2017

3 김소래 김상민 Table 1. The total maximum daily load (TMDL) water quality monitoring stations of the main stream and the tributaries of Nakdong River Station in main streams Location Station in tributaries Location Nakbon B Andong dam Banbyeon B Banbyeon-cheon Nakbon C Andong dam down stream Byeongseong A Gamcheon A Byeongseong-cheon Gam-cheon Nakbon D Nackdong / Gumi Geumho A Geumho-gang Nakbon E Nakdong / Waegwan Geumho B Geumho C Geumho-gang Geumho-gang Nakbon F Nakdong / Waegwan Hwanggang A Hapcheon dam Nakbon G Nakdong / Goryeong Hwanggang B Hwecheon A Hwang-gang Hwe-cheon Nakbon H Nakdong / Changnyeong Miryang A Miryang-gang Nakbon I Nakdong / Miryang Miryang B Naeseong A Miryang-gang Naeseong-cheon Nakbon J Nakdong / Miryang Naeseong B Naeseong-cheon Nakbon K Nackdong river estuary weir Namgang A Namgang B Nam-gang dam Nam-gang dam Nakbon L Nackdong river estuary weir Namgang C Nam-gang Nakbon M Nackdong river estuary weir Namgang D Namgang E Nam-gang Nam-gang Nakbon N Nackdong river estuary weir Wicheon B Wi-cheon (ME, 2017). (WAMIS) (, 1 ) (WIES) (ME, 2017; MOLIT, 2017). (2003 ~2016 ) (BOD, TOC, T-P),,,. Box plot. Table 2. Water quality standard of the stream water according to the Basic Law of Environmental Policy Grade BOD (mg/l) TOC (mg/l) T-P (mg/l) Very Good Ia Good Ib Fairly Good II Fair III Fairly Poor IV Poor V Very Poor VI 10 < 8 < 0.5 < GIS (Geographic Information System), 7. 7, ph, BOD, COD, TOC, SS, DO, T-P, (, ). Ia( ), Ib( ), II( ), III( ), IV( ), V( ), VI( ), Table 2 (WAMIS). (2003 ~2016 ) (BOD, TOC, T-P)., m 3 /s, m 3 /s. BOD 2.12 mg/l, 한국물환경학회지제 33 권제 6 호, 2017

4 유입지천을고려한낙동강본류구간의공간적수질특성분석 1.63 mg/l BOD 1.3. TOC 3.71 mg/l, 3.10 mg/l 1.2. T-P 0.1 mg/l, 0.09 mg/l. (kg/ ) (mg/l) (m 3 / ) * BOD TOC E 17,111 kg/, 22,428 kg/, T-P C 1,223 kg/. B, M, BOD TOC N, T-P G. Fig. 2. B, B, C 100 m 3 /s ( A, B), ( A), ( B) D m 3 /s. ( A) ( A ~ C) E, F G m 3 /s. ( A) ( A, B) H ( A~ E) I m 3 /s. ( A, B) L m 3 /s M N m 3 /s, m 3 /s. M L 2 L M. M N. BOD B(1.10 mg/l) B(0.86 mg/l) C(1.00 mg/l). D B(0.85 mg/l), A(1.72 mg/l), B(1.66 mg/l) BOD. BOD ( A, B) ( A), ( B). E(1.76 mg/l) F(2.05 mg/l) BOD D 1.5. A(1.37 mg/l) D E, F. G BOD 2.60 mg/l F 1.3, BOD C(3.58 mg/l) Fig. 2. The observed median, minimum, and maximum flow data for the total maximum daily load (TMDL) stations in Nakdong River from upstream to downstream. Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 33, No. 6, 2017

5 김소래 김상민. BOD A(1.18 mg/l), B(0.77 mg/l) E(2.8 mg/l) BOD L 2.44 mg/l. L M N 2.17 mg/l, 3.77 mg/l BOD M BOD N BOD. L N BOD 1.6 L ~ N (Fig. 3). B TOC 1.86 mg/l, B(3.76 mg/l) C mg/l. B(1.95 mg/l), A(3.41 mg/l), B(4.02 mg/l) D 2.91 mg/l. E TOC 3.49 mg/l, F 3.75 mg/l. TOC C(6.21 mg/l) G 4.63 mg/l. TOC A(2.38 mg/l), B(2.04 mg/l) H 4.08 mg/l. E(3.67 mg/l) B(2.78 mg/l) K (3.88 mg/l). L (3.93 mg/l) M (3.87 mg/l) N (4.91 mg/l) N TOC M 1.0 mg/l.(fig. 4). Fig. 5 T-P. B (0.03 mg/l) D (0.05 mg/l) T-P. A (0.17 mg/l) E (0.09 mg/l). A BOD TOC D T-P. T-P C(0.37 mg/l) G T-P 0.16 mg/l E F 1.8. T-P T-P, L 0.10 mg/l, N M T-P 0.15 mg/l, 0.10 mg/l. BOD, TOC, TP Fig. 3. The observed median, minimum, and maximum biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) data for the total maximum daily load (TMDL) stations in Nakdong River from upstream to downstream (the stations located in the tributaries are indicated as a blue box). 한국물환경학회지제 33 권제 6 호, 2017

6 유입지천을고려한낙동강본류구간의공간적수질특성분석 Fig. 4. The observed median, minimum, and maximum total organic carbon (TOC) data for the total maximum daily load (TMDL) stations in Nakdong River from upstream to downstream (the stations located in the tributaries are indicated as a blue box). Fig. 5. The observed median, minimum, and maximum total phosphorous (TP) data for the total maximum daily load (TMDL) stations in Nakdong River from upstream to downstream (the stations located in the tributaries are indicated as a blue box). Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 33, No. 6, 2017

평균값 테이블과 낙동강 본류 및 유입지천, 댐, 보, 수질총 량관측지점의 공간지형자료를 토대로 구성한 수계도를 결

이를 통해 낙동강 본류로 유입되는 주요 지천별 유량과 수질에 따른 본류의 수질 변화를 일목요연하게 파악할 수 있으며

낙 동강 본류 수질악화에 큰 영향을 미치는 금호강의 경우, 신천이 합류된 후인 금호C 지점의 농도가 금호A, 금호B에

남강의 경우 유입지천의 유량이 가장 많으며, 남강댐 상류에 비해 남강 한국물환경학회지 제33권 제6호, 2017 댐

밀 양댐 하류에 위치한 밀양B 지점도 상류의 밀양A 지점에 비해 수질이 현저히 나빠지는 결과를 보였다.

7 646 김소래 김상민 Fig. 6. A status map of the flow and the water quality for Nakdong River. 평균값 테이블과 낙동강 본류 및 유입지천, 댐, 보, 수질총 량관측지점의 공간지형자료를 토대로 구성한 수계도를 결 합하여 낙동강 유역의 수질 현황을 공간적으로 파악할 수 있는 하천 수계도를 구축하였다(Fig. 6). 이를 통해 낙동강 본류로 유입되는 주요 지천별 유량과 수질에 따른 본류의 수질 변화를 일목요연하게 파악할 수 있으며 댐과 보의 상 하류의 수질변화를 쉽게 파악할 수 있도록 도시하였다. 낙 동강 본류 수질악화에 큰 영향을 미치는 금호강의 경우, 신천이 합류된 후인 금호C 지점의 농도가 금호A, 금호B에 비해 BOD, TOC, T-P 모두 나쁘게 나타났다. 남강의 경우 유입지천의 유량이 가장 많으며, 남강댐 상류에 비해 남강 한국물환경학회지 제33권 제6호, 2017 댐 하류의 수질이 눈에 띄게 나빠지는 결과를 보였다. 밀 양댐 하류에 위치한 밀양B 지점도 상류의 밀양A 지점에 비해 수질이 현저히 나빠지는 결과를 보였다. 그러나, 합천 댐이 위치한 황강의 경우 상류의 수질에 비해 하류의 수질 이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 낙동강 본류의 수질은 대체로 상류에서 하류로 흘러가면서 조금씩 나빠지는 결과를 보여 주고 있다. 환경정책기본법의 수질환경기준에 따르면 하천수 수질환 경기준은 총 7개 등급으로 분류된다. 하천수 수질을 평가 하는 항목은 ph, BOD, COD, TOC, SS, DO, T-P, 대장균 군수(총대장균군, 분원성대장균군)로 구성되며, 수질 등급은

8 유입지천을 고려한 낙동강 본류구간의 공간적 수질특성 분석 (a) Flow rate (m3/s) (b) BOD (mg/l) (c) TOC (mg/l) (d) T-P (mg/l) 647 Fig. 7. A spatial analysis of the flow and water quality grades for the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), and total phosphorous (TP) data for Nakdong River. 매우좋음), Ib(좋음), II(약간좋음), III(보통), IV(약간나 쁨), V(나쁨), VI(매우나쁨)이다(WAMIS). Fig. 7은 낙동강 본류 인근에 위치한 32개의 수질총량관측지점에서 측정된 자료를 환경정책기본법의 하천수 수질환경기준 등급으로 분류하여 하천의 수질 등급 분포와 구간별 수질변화를 공 Ia( 간적으로 분석한 그림이다. 유량은 지천이 낙동강 본류에 합류함에 따라 낙동강 하 류 방향으로 점진적으로 증가하여 최종적으로 낙동강 하구 언 부근에서 최대값을 나타내며, 유입 지천 중 남강의 영 향을 가장 크게 받는 것으로 나타났다. BOD 농도는 낙동 Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 33, No. 6, 2017

9 김소래 김상민 I (III ) II ( ). I ( ), L M II, L N III. BOD L~ M. TOC (II ) I III II. IV III II II, M II, N III. TOC,, ~, L~ M. T-P II ( ) V ( ) III ( ) II II. M II, N III. T-P,, ~, L~ N. 32., 7,. BOD TOC 1.3, 1.2, T-P. BOD TOC E 17,111 kg/, 22,428 kg/, T-P C 1,223 kg/. E m 3 /s,. C D ~ F BOD, TOC, T-P 1.67, 1.29, 1.8. G BOD 3.58 mg/l, TOC 4.63 mg/l, T-P 0.16 mg/l,. B L M N, M N. BOD 1 B~ C 2. TOC (3 ) 1 2, 4 B ~ C T-P 3. 5 C ~ B 3.. C~ B,,. ~, ~, L~ N.,.. ( ). Ahn, J. M., Lee, I. J., Jung K. Y., Kim, J. O., Lee, K. C., Cheon, S. U., and Lyu, S. W. (2016). Characteristics of Trend and Pattern for Water Quality Monitoring Networks 한국물환경학회지제 33 권제 6 호, 2017

10 유입지천을고려한낙동강본류구간의공간적수질특성분석 Data using Seasonal-kendall, SOM and RDA on the Mulgeum in the Nakdong River, Journal of Environmental Science International, 25(3), [Korean Literature] Beak, K. H. (2003). Eddiciency of water Quality Management in the Lower Nakdong river, , Busan Development Institute. [Korean Literature] Hwang, S. J., Bae, H. K., and Kim, H. Y. (2013). The Effect of for Major River Project and Kumho River on Nakdong River s Water Quality Focused on Kangjung-Koryung Weir, Journal of Environmental Science International, 22(6), [Korean Literature] Im, T. H. and Son, Y. G. (2016). Water Quality Analysis in Nakdong River Tributaries, Journal of Environmental Science International, 25(12), [Korean Literature] Kim, C. W. (2008). Watershed Characteristics Affecting Water Quality in Urban Streams, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Seoul. [Korean Literature] Kim, K. S. and Choi, K. H. (2016). Drought Response Status of Nakdong River Region in 2015, Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, 49(1), [Korean Literature] Kim, M. A., Lee, S. Y., Mun, H. S., Cho, H. S., Lee, J. K., and Kim, K. H. (2017). A Nonparametric Trend Tests Using TMDL Data in the Nakdong River, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 33(1), [Korean Literature] Lee, H. J., Par, H. K., Lee, J. H., Park, A. R., and Cheon, S. U. (2016). Coliform Pollution Status of Nakdong River and Tributaries, Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 32(3), [Korean Literature] Lee, J. H., Lee, H. J., Park, A. R., and Park, H. K. (2015). Coliform Pollution Status of Tributaries in Nakdong River System, Proceedings of the 2015 Co-Conference of the Korean Society on Water Environment and Korean society of Water and Wastewater, Korean Society on Water Environment and Korean Society of Water and Wastewater, [Korean Literature] Ministry of Environment (ME). (2017). Water Environment Information System (WEIS), surement/selectwater.do (accessed Feb. 2017). MInistry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (MOLIT). (2017). Water Resources Management Information System (WAMIS), (Accessed Jan. 2017). National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). (2008). Performance on 3 Year Implementation and Future Tasks in the Management of Total Maximum Daily Load, , National Institute of Environmental Research, 1-3. [Korean Literature] National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). (2015). Assessment of Water Quality/Flow Rate Measurement Network for Total Maximum Daily Loads Management (as of 2014), , National Institute of Environmental Research, 1-2. [Korean Literature] Park, A. R., Lee, H. J., Lee, J. H., and Park, H. K. (2015). Total and Fecal Coliform Pollution changes in Nakdong River, Proceedings of the 2015 Co-Conference of the Korean Society on Water Environment and Korean society of Water and Wastewater, Korean Society on Water Environment and Korean Society of Water and Wastewater, [Korean Literature] Park, T. Y., Kim, S. J., Kim, S. M., and Kim, S. M. (2010). Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Water Quality Data Observed from Major Water Quality Stations in Nakdonggang Watershed, Journal of Agriculture & Life Science, 44(5), [Korean Literature] Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, Vol. 33, No. 6, 2017

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