< FC7D1B1B9C4A1C0A7BBFDC7D0C8B8C1F65F31352D345F34C2F7C6EDC1FD2E687770>

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "< FC7D1B1B9C4A1C0A7BBFDC7D0C8B8C1F65F31352D345F34C2F7C6EDC1FD2E687770>"

Transcription

1 17) Original Article J Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene 2015; 15(4): ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) KSDH 한국치위생학회 김천시초등학교구강보건실운영을통한계속구강건강관리사업효과 최옥선 김혜진 1 장선주 2 대전대학교생물학과 1 동의대학교치위생학과 2 김천대학교치위생학과 Effect of continuing dental care program by elementary school dental clinic in Gimcheon Ok-Sun Choi Hye-Jin Kim 1 Sun-ju Jang 2 Department of Biology, Daejeon University 1 Department of Dental Hygiene, Dong-eui University 2 Department of Dental Hygiene, Gimcheon University *Corresponding Author: Sun-ju Jang, Department of Dental Hygiene, Gimcheon University, 214, Daehak-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea, Tel : , Fax : , sunju0313@hanmail.net Received: 3 March 2015; Revised: 10 June 2015; Accepted: 30 July 2015 ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of continuing dental care program by elementary school dental clinic in Gimcheon from 2008 to Methods: The subjects were experimental group of 152 students from three elementary schools having dental clinics and control group of 136 students from three elementary schools of no dental clinics. The six dentists in Gimcheon community health center carried out the regular dental checkups in the elementary schools and four dental hygienists recorded the dental examination results. After receiving WHO dental survey guideline education, the examiners used dental mirror and dental probe under the natural light. The contents of the survey included dental caries in the deciduous and permanent teeth, malocclusion, remaining ratio of sealant, treatment, and follow up. Results: DFT index by grade showed that 3.71 in experimental group and 4.56 in control group and it was remarkable in the 3rd grade. Thus. DFT index in the experimental group was lower than that of control group (p<0.05). DT index by grade was 0.63 in experimental group and 1.28 in control group marked in the 6th grade. DT index in the control group was higher than that of the experimental group (p<0,001). DFT index and DMFT Index by grade showed no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group. DFT and DMFT Index of the control group in the 3rd and 6th grade were lower score than those of experimental group. DFT and DMFT index in the third and 6th grade showed no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group. The remaining ratio of the sealant was 4.89 experimental group in the 6th grade. The remaining ratio of the sealant in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. Conclusions: The continuing dental care program in the elementary school is very effective method in the treatment of oral disease in the elementary school children. The oral health care and prevention for the elementary school children should be implemented and carried out continuously. Key Words: continuing oral health program, school dental clinic, school children 색인 : 구강건강증진프로그램, 학교구강보건, 학생 서론 Copyrightc2015 by Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 초등학생의구강은유치에서영구치로교환되는시기로구강의대표적질환인치아우식증의발생률이높고, 혼합치열기로서부정교합률이높게나타나며치은염이서서히시작되는시기이다. 치아우식증을방치하면치아상실의원인이

2 706 J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 2015; 15(4): 되며유치를너무일찍상실하거나유치가만기잔존이될경우부정교합의원인이된다. 이러한시기에구강에대한전반적인지식과태도에대한교육이이루어져야하고, 구강보건행동을습관화하여구강건강관리의기틀을마련해야한다 1). 또한초등학교아동들을대상으로포괄적인구강진료를제공하기위해서는학교구강보건실이확대설치되어야하며구강보건전담인력이상주하여예방진료와교육을병행하여야한다 2). 학교구강보건사업은 1923년뉴질랜드에서처음으로실시된것으로담당구강보건인력이대상아동을계속적으로소환하여구강병예방진료와필요한치료를공급해준다. 우리나라학교구강보건실은 1978년서울대학교치과대학에서창경초등학교를대상으로실시한것이시초이다. 그이후국립보건원은봉일천초등학교, 단국대학교치과대학에서는목천초등학교에시범학교구강진료실을설치 운영하였다. 1999년도에국고지원을통해전국 15개초등학교에학교구강보건실을설치 운영하였으며 1), 이후해마다점차확대되어 2007년도에는전국초등학교 312개소, 특수학교 45개소로추가설치되었고 3) 2012년에는특수학교학교구강보건실을 51개소로추가설치 운영되고있다 4). 학교구강보건실운영사업은학교내에구강보건실을설치하고치과의사와치과위생사가정기적으로근무하면서학생들에게포괄보건진료서비스를제공해주는사업으로호주에서계속적으로수행함으로써 9.0이였던 12세아동우식경험영구치지수를 1.0으로, 뉴질랜드에서는 1979년 7.0에서 1993 년 1.7까지낮추는데큰역할을하였고 5), 일본 Kobayashi 등 6) 의연구에서 17년간학교불소용액사업을실시한결과 6~14 세아동의우식경험영구치지수가 86.0% 감소하였다. 우리나라연구로는박등 7) 의연구에서는대구소재초등학교에서 5 년간학교구강보건실을운영한결과영구치우식예방율이 60.8% 로높게나타났고, 치면열구전색영구치보유자율도 6 학년에서 89.2% 로나타났으며, 마등 8) 의연구에서는 1학년에서 83.3% 였던우식치율이 3년동안의계속적인관리후에 72.1% 로낮아졌다. 또한신등 9) 은계속구강건강관리사업에서 45.2% 의치아우식증이감소되었고 75.6% 의소요경비절 감효과를보고하였고, 강릉시에서 3년간학교구강건강관리사업결과 10) 우식경험영구치지수가 1학년때부터학교구강보건사업을실시한아동들에게서유의하게낮게나타나효율적인구강보건사업을위해서는초등학교 1학년때구강보건사업지원을집중적으로투입하여야한다고주장하였다. 김천시보건소에서는김천서부초등학교, 아포초등학교, 모암초등학교에구강보건실을설치하여주기적으로구강검진, 불소용액양치사업, 치면열구전색등을포함하여계속구강건강관리사업을실시하고있다. 치과진료는사전에학부모동의서를받은학생들을대상으로실시하고, 치료결과는안내문으로개별발송하며, 학생들의구강관리를위해구강건강관리수첩을제작배부하여학생들의구강건강에대한관심을높이고구강위생관리능력을향상시키기위하여노력하고있다. 따라서본연구에서는김천시소재학교구강보건실에서 2008년부터 6년간계속구강건강관리사업을실시한후치아우식증유병률및치면열구전색률을조사하고학교구강보건실운영에따른실태와수혜아동의구강건강증진정도를알아보고, 후속사업에결과가반영되도록함으로써사업이더욱발전되도록하는데목적이있다. 1. 연구대상 연구방법 본연구는경상북도김천시소재하는초등학교에서학교구강보건실을운영하는아포초등학교는 2008년입학생 24 명, 모암초등학교는 2008년입학생 40명, 2009년입학생 21 명, 서부초등학교는 2008년 32명, 2009년 1학년입학생 32 명으로총 149명을실험군으로하였으며, 대조군으로는학교구강보건실이나기타구강보건사업이시행된적이없는직지초등학교, 중앙초등학교, 김천초등학교를대상으로 2008 년입학생 136명을선정하여 6년간추적조사하였으며전학및결석으로인하여결과에영향을미치는경우는연구에서제외하였다 <Table 1>. Table 1. Subjects : select the chart for 5 years participants Group School Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Experimental Apo Group Moam Seobu Total * Control Group Jikji Jungang Gimcheon Total * While in 96 of the 149 persons was participated, the number of person who could not be participated was 55 persons due

3 최옥선 김혜진 장선주 / 김천시초등학교구강보건실운영을통한계속구강건강관리사업효과 연구방법 김천시보건소에근무하는 6명의공중보건치과의사가매년 4월에서 5월까지초등학교를순회하여구강검진을실시하였고치과위생사 4명이구강검진을기록하였다. 구강검진은세계보건기구 (WHO) 의치아조사기준에근거하여자연광아래치경과탐침을사용하였고, 조사자간의오차를줄이기위하며조사참여공중보건치과의사와치과위생사를대상으로진단과측정기준, 조사방법에대하여사전교육을실시하였다. 개인용구강검사기록부를만들어사용하였으며, 유치및영구치의우식상태, 충전상태, 칫솔질횟수, 부정교합유무, 치면열구전색시행여부, 처지및진료상황등에대해구강검사기록부에자세히기록하였다. 3. 통계분석 수집된자료는 SPSS/Win 18.0 프로그램을이용하여분석하였다. 학년별아동의우식경험유치수및우식경험영구 치수, 우식충전영구치수, 우식상실영구치수, 구강보건실운영여부에따른우식경험유치수및우식경험영구치수및치면열구전색율은 t-test를실시하였다. 1. 우식경험유치수 연구결과 대상자의우식경험유치수는 1학년에서는관리군이 3.67, 대조군이 4.18이었으며 2학년에서는관리군이 4.08, 대조군이 4.67로조금씩차이가있었으나통계적으로유의하지는않았다. 3학년에서는관리군이 3.71 대조군에서 4.56±2.71 로유의한차이가나타났다 <Table 2>. 2. 우식영구치수 대상자의우식영구치수감소효과는 <Table 3> 1학년에서 5학년까지는관리군과대조군에서차이가없었으나 6학년 Table 2. DFT index 1 st Grade 0 year 3.67± ± nd Grade 1 year 4.08± ± rd Grade 2 years 3.71± ± Table 3. DT index 1 st Grade 0 year 0.17± ± nd Grade 1 year 0.56± ± rd Grade 2 years 0.72± ± th Grade 3 years 0.76± ± th Grade 4 years 0.68± ± th Grade 5 years 0.63±1.25 ** 1.28± Table 4. FT index 1 st Grade 0 year 0.09± ± nd Grade 1 year 0.19± ± rd Grade 2 years 0.45± ± th Grade 3 years 0.77± ± th Grade 4 years 1.12± ± th Grade 5 years 1.44±1.52 ** 1.52±

4 708 J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 2015; 15(4): 에서는관리군이 0.63, 대조군이 1.28로대조군보다관리군에서우식영구치수가감소하여유의한차이가있었다 (p<.001). 3. 충전영구치수 대상자의충전영구치수는 1학년에서관리군이 0.09, 대조군이 0.18이었으며 2학년은관리군이 0.19, 대조군이 0.27로조금씩차이가있었으나통계적으로유의하지는않았다. 전학년모두에서관리군과대조군의유의한차이는없었다 <Table 4>. 4. 상실영구치수 대상자의상실영구치수는전학년에서관리군과대조군모두에서발거치아는전혀나타나지않았다 <Table 5>. 로유의하였다 (p<.01). 대상자의학교별우식경험영구치수를살펴보면 <Table 7> 4학년과 5학년에는관리군과대조군에서우식경험영구치수가차이가없었으며, 6학년에는관리군에서 2.06, 대조군에서 2.97로관리군에서우식경험영구치수가낮게나타나통계적으로유의하였다. 6. 학년별치면열구전색보존률 학년별치면열구전색보존률은 1학년은관리군에서 0.13, 대조군은 0.06이며, 2학년은관리군은 0.89, 대조군은 1.20 이었으며, 3학년은관리군은 1.82, 대조군은 1.89였다. 4학년은관리군은 2.47, 대조군은 2.15였으며, 5학년은관리군은 3.20, 대조군은 2.35, 6학년은관리군은 4.89, 대조군은 2.46으로나타나고학년에서치면열구전색보존률이높게나타나통계적으로유의하였다 <Table 8>. Table 5. MT index Division MT Experimental Group 0.00±0.00 Control Group 0.00± 학교별우식경험유치수와영구치수 대상자의학교별우식경험유치수를살펴보면 <Table 6> 1학년과 2학년에는관리군과대조군에서통계적인차이가없었으나 3학년에는관리군에서 3.71, 대조군에서 4.56으로나타나관리군에서우식경험유치수가낮게나타나통계적으 총괄및고안 치아우식증은아동기에가장빈발하여성인에이르기까지축적되는질환이며치주병은초등학교졸업시기부터시작한다는점에서학령기아동의구강보건은매우중요 10) 하다고볼수있겠다. 이러한시기에학생스스로자신의구강을적절히관리할수있는능력배양과, 구강보건지식을제공하여야하며구강보건행동을변화시킬수있어야한다 11). 배와장 12) 은일부초등학교에서구강보건교육및구강검진등의구강보건사업이이루어지고있지만양질의구강보건교 Table 6. dft index by elementary school Grade Duration of Health Care Division School dft p-value * 1 st Grade 0 year 2 nd Grade 1 year 3 rd Grade 2 years Experimental group Control group Experimental group Control group Experimental group Control group Apo 3.54±3.45 Moam 3.44±2.88 Seobu 3.93±3.58 Jikji 2.85±3.75 Jungang 4.23±2.81 Gimcheon 4.87±3.42 Apo 3.08±3.12 Moam 3.96±2.91 Seobu 4.59±3.44 Jikji 4.17±2.98 Jungang 4.34±2.89 Gimcheon 5.28±3.33 Apo 2.48±2.61 Moam 3.91±2.56 Seobu 4.00±3.02 Jikji 4.25±2.64 Jungang 4.27±2.62 Gimcheon 5.03± ± ± ± ± ± ±

5 최옥선 김혜진 장선주 / 김천시초등학교구강보건실운영을통한계속구강건강관리사업효과 709 Table 7. DMFT index by elementary school Grade Duration of Health Care Division School DMFT p-value * Experimental group Apo 1.26±1.65 Moam 1.67± ± th Grade 3 years Seobu 1.48±1.84 Control group Jikji 2.14± Jungang 1.65± ±1.62 Kimcheon 1.62±1.85 Experimental group Apo 1.62±1.66 Moam 1.93± ± th Grade 4 years Seobu 1.75±2.13 Control group Jikji 2.89± Jungang 2.00± ±2.04 Kimcheon 2.03±2.20 Experimental group ** Apo 1.96±1.78 Moam 2.35± ± th Grade 5 years Seobu 1.81±1.95 Control group Jikji 3.64± Jungang 2.70± ±2.37 Kimcheon 2.47±2.52 Table 8. Remaining ration of sealant by grade 1 st Grade 0 year 0.13± ± nd Grade 1 year 0.89± ± rd Grade 2 years 1.82± ± th Grade 3 years 2.47± ± th Grade 4 years 3.20± ± th Grade 5 years 4.89±3.69** 2.46± 육과보건교과의신설이필요하다고주장하였고, 정등 13) 은체험구강보건교육이구강보건행동변화와치아우식증을예방할수있다는신념을심어줄수있다고하였다. 예방지향적이고포괄적인초등학교구강보건실을운영하는경우구강보건지식과구강보건행동수준이높게나타났고 14,15), 계속구강건강관리사업을수행한경우우식경험영구치지수및영구치우식예방에효과적인 16-18) 연구결과들이보고되어있다. 학교구강보건실운영은치과의사및치과위생사에의해학생들에게정기구강검진을통하여구강병을초기에발견하고, 학생의구강건강에대한관심을증대시키며, 치면열구전색, 불소도포, 칫솔질교습, 구강보건교육등정보를제공한다. 또한후속학교구강보건사업에필요한구강보건자료를수집하고, 계속구강건강관리사업의기반을확립시킨다. 호 주, 뉴질랜드싱가폴, 말레이시아, 핀란드, 스웨덴, 노르웨이, 덴마크등에서는학교구강보건사업을통하여학생의구강건강수준을증진시키고, 일생동안구강건강을유지할수있는지식을체계적으로제공 1) 하고있다. 마등 8) 도학교구강보건실의운영은집단구강보건교육및개별구강보건교육을위해필요하다고강조하였으며, 아동구강건강증진을위하여학교구강보건실확대의필요성을주장 19,20) 하였다. 본연구는학교구강보건실의운영을통한계속구강건강관리사업의효과를알아보고자학교구강보건실이운영되고있는초등학교학생 149명과구강보건사업의수혜를받지못한 3개의초등학교학생 136명을대상으로실시하였다. 학교구강보건실의운영은보건소에근무하는공중보건치과의사와치과위생사가주 1회이상출장업무로구강검진결과에근거하여초기우식치료및불소도포, 치면열구전색, 스

6 710 J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 2015; 15(4): 켈링, 칫솔질교습등의예방처치및치료서비스를실시하고, 제공받는서비스에대한내용은보호자에게결과를서면으로통보하였다. 총 6개초등학교에서관리군 149명, 대조군 136명으로총 285명을대상으로하였다. 저학년우식경험유치수는 1, 2학년때보다 3학년에서대조군 (4.56) 보다관리군 (3.71) 에서조금낮게나타나통계적으로유의하였다. 1, 2학년보다 3학년에서우식경험유치수가낮게나타난것은 2008년도사업수행초기에학생들의칫솔질교습시이해부족, 학부모관심저조로인한초기구강상태가저조한결과이며, 학년이높을수록대조군보다관리군에서계속구강건강관리를수혜하였기때문에나타나는결과로사료된다. 이는아동구강관리프로그램을지속하는것이더욱효과적인결과를도출할수있다는것을뒷받침하며유치관리는학령기이전부터관리되어야하며학교구강보건실뿐만아니라어린이집, 유치원에서구강보건교육및지속적인관리가필요한것으로사료된다. 정과신 21) 의연구에서도유치원과초등학교 1학년의구강관리에있어구강보건교육의중요성인지와가정과연계지도를통한부모의협조가필요하다고하였다. 우식영구치수는 1학년에서 5학년까지대조군보다관리군에서우식영구치수가낮게나타난결과를확인하였으나통계적으로유의하지는않았다. 6학년에서는관리군이 0.63, 대조군이 1.28로유의하게관리군이우식영구치수가낮아졌음을확인하였다. 덴마크에서는 1960대부터학령기아동을대상으로구강건강관리를위해철저한구강검진및구강보건교육을실시하여치아우식증예방 22) 에노력하였고, 호주와뉴질랜드는치과위생사의지속적인재방문을통하여구강검진, 개별구강보건교육, 조기치과치료를공급해줌으로써치아우식증을예방하였다. 이러한치아우식증예방을위한프로그램운영은지역사회소재기관에서전문인력을투입하여장기적으로수행할수있는제도적인정착과초등학교아동을위한구강보건관련 표준화교육 마련방안도함께모색되어야할것이다. 학년별치면열구전색보존률은 1학년은관리군이 0.13, 대조군이 0.06이었으며 3학년은관리군이 1.82, 대조군이 1.89로비슷하게나타났으며, 6학년에서관리군이 4.89, 대조군이 2.46으로나타나관리군에서유의하게치면열구전색보존률이높게나타났다. 이는저학년시기보다고학년일수록영구치맹출로인한치면열구전색을추가적으로수행하였기때문이라고사료된다. 학교구강보건실을운영하는초등학교에서는점심후개별적으로칫솔질교습을하거나, 불소도포, 치면열구전색등을시행하여구강관리를좀더효율적으로유지할수있도록하였다. 결론적으로초등학교구강보건실운영은학령기아동의치아우식증관리에영향을미칠수있어현행처럼보건소에서출장업무로시행하고있는프로그램운영에는공중보건 치과의사의부재로인한치과위생사업무에제한이있을수있다. 과거와는달리학령기아동을위한구강보건교육과불소양치사업등이활성화되었지만근본적으로학교구강보건실개소와치과위생사인력을배치하는것이장기적인아동구강건강관리에반드시필요할것으로사료된다. 본연구의제한점으로는구강검진시검사자간일치도조사가이루어지지못하였으며추후연구에서검토되어야할것으로사료된다. 김천시학교구강보건실의확대운영과향후예방지향적이고지속적인구강보건교육이저학년때부터집중적으로실시되어야하며, 주 1회방문이아닌구강보건인력이상주하여개별적으로맞춤구강보건교육으로효과적인구강관리가이루어질수있도록제도적인뒷받침이필요할것으로사료된다. 결론 본연구는학교구강보건실운영에따른계속구강건강관리사업효과를알아보고자김천시소재학교구강보건실이운영되고있는 3개의초등학교학생 149명과, 구강보건사업의수혜를받지못한 3개의초등학교학생 136명을대상으로 2008년부터 2013년도까지조사한결과는다음과같다. 1. 학년별우식경험유치수는 3학년에관리군에서 3.71 로, 대조군에서 4.56으로관리군에서우식경험유치수가낮게나타났다 (p<0.05). 학년별우식영구치수는 6 학년에서관리군에서 0.63, 대조군에서 1.28로나타났다 (p<0.001). 학년별충전영구치수와상실영구치수는관리군과대조군에서유의한차이가없었다. 학교별우식경험유치수와영구치수에서는 3학년과 6학년에서관리군이대조군보다우식경험유치수및영구치수가낮게나타나유의한차이가있었다. 2. 대상자의치면열구전색보존률은 6학년에서관리군이 4.89로, 대조군이 2.46으로나타나관리군에서보존률이높게나타났다 (p<0.001). 이상의연구결과로학교구강보건실운영은초등학교아동의구강병관리에효과적이며, 계속구강관리사업시행을확대하여학령기아동의구강건강관리및예방에힘써야하며학교구강보건실운영이제도적으로정착할수있도록후속연구가더욱활발히이루어져야할것이다. References 1. Kang BW, Kwak JS, Kwon SJ, Kwon HS, Kim MJ, Kim SJ. Public health dentistry. Seoul: KMS; 2011:

7 최옥선 김혜진 장선주 / 김천시초등학교구강보건실운영을통한계속구강건강관리사업효과 Song KH, Go YA. The Study on the Status of Oral Health According to the Administration of an Oral Infirmary at Elementary School. J Korean Acad Dent Hyg 2011; 13(1): Dental care program in Ministry of health and welfare. 2007; Dental care program in Ministry of health and welfare. 2012; Shin SC. Dental travel in world. Seoul: Koonja, 1994: Kobayashi S, Kishi H, Yoshihara A, Horii K, Tsutsui A, Himeno T. Treatment and posttreatment effects of fluoride mouthrinsing after 17 years. J Public Health Dent 1995; 55(4): Park JH, Ahn SH, Jeong SH, Choi YH, Song KB. The 5th year appraisal for effectiveness of school-based oral health program in Daegu, Korea. J Korean Acad Dent Health 2009; 33(2): Ma JK, Kim JK, Choi JH, Kim DK, Oh JS. Analysis of oral health promotion of primary school children on oral health care room. Oral Biology Research 2005; 29(1): Shin SC, Cho WH, Seo HS. School - based comprehensive oral health care program and expending proposal in Korea. J Korean Acad Dent Health 2000; 24(2): Hong JW, Lee SW, Park DY, MA DS. Evaluation of school -based oral health program in Kangnung city. J Korean Acad Dent Health 2000; 24(4): Lee SK, Song KB, Cheon HJ. The improvement of knowledge and management capability of oral health according to the oral health education system for elementary school student. J Korean Soc Sch Health 1999; 12(2): Pae JS, Jang SS. Current oral health care of elementary school in Chungnam province. J Korean Soc Sch Health 2000; 13(2): Jeong JY, Moom HS, Kim YK, Han SJ, Lee BJ, Kim EK. A pilot study on the development of oral health education through actual experience in primary school. J Korean Acad Dent Health 2001; 25(4): Jeong HJ, Kim Hj, Lee MK, Yoon HS, Oh SH, Lee JH. Oral health knowledge and practice of elementary school students in school dental clinics. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 2013; 13(6): Kang HJ. Effect of administration by school dental clinic program. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 2013; 13(4): Kang SH, Kim MS, Lee SM, Bae KH, Oh MY, Kim JB. Effectiveness evaluation of an incremental oral health program by school dental clinic. J Korean Acad Dent Health 2006; 30(3): Jun SH, Jeong SH, Park JH, Lee HK, Song KB. Effectiveness evaluation of school-based oral health program in Daegu, Korea. J Korean Acad Dent Health 2006; 30(4): Ahn YS, Jang JH, Lee YS. The effect of an oral health program by B school dental clinic in Anyang city. J Dent Hyg Sci 2008; 8(4): Choi HY, Hong SJ, Choi CH. Effectiveness evaluation of an incremental oral health program of school-based oral health clinic in Gwangju, Korea. J Korean Acad Dent Health 2007; 31(4): Lee TY, Yoom YE, Kim KH. The Effect of school dental service on dental health knowledge, behavoirs and dental health status among elementary school students. J Korean Soc Sch Health 2009; 10(1): Jung YH, Shin HM. The effects of oral health education activities in kindergarten and elementary schools. J Future Early Childhood Education 2009; 16(2): Cha MH. Present status of oral health care based in denmark. J Korean Acad Dent Health 1967; 1(2): 4.

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

03-서연옥.hwp

03-서연옥.hwp 농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI: 3 * Effects of 9th

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp DOI:   3 * Effects of 9th Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp.357-378 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.2.201906.357 3 * Effects of 9th Grade Students Participation in Career Curriculum Cluster

More information

서론 34 2

서론 34 2 34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

Analysis of teacher s perception and organization on physical education elective courses Chang-Wan Yu* Korea Institute of curriculum and evaluation [Purpose] [Methods] [Results] [Conclusions] Key words:

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770>

<30312DC1A4BAB8C5EBBDC5C7E0C1A4B9D7C1A4C3A52DC1A4BFB5C3B62E687770> Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 2 : 258~264 Feb. 2015 ID3 알고리즘 기반의 귀납적 추론을 활용한 모바일 OS의 성공과 실패에 대한

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Study on Teache Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: : A basic research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   : A basic research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.379-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.379 : A basic research for the after-school forest activities program models:

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 및 자아존중감과 스트레스와도 밀접한 관계가 있고, 만족 정도 에 따라 전반적인 생활에도 영향을 미치므로 신체는 갈수록 개 인적, 사회적 차원에서 중요해지고 있다(안희진, 2010). 따라서 외모만족도는 개인의 신체는 타 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 20-40대 여성의 외모만족도가 미용관리태도에 미치는 영향 홍수남 1, 김효숙 2 * 1 건국대학교 뷰티사이언스디자인학과, 2 건국대학교 의상디자인과 Effects of Extrinsic Body Satisfaction on Beauty Management Behavior of

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Review of Research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * Suggestions of Ways

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * Suggestions of Ways Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.65-89 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.65 * Suggestions of Ways to Improve Teaching Practicum Based on the Experiences

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: (LiD) - - * Way to

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   (LiD) - - * Way to Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Experiences of Af Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood

More information

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

More information

433대지05박창용

433대지05박창용 Recent Changes in Summer Precipitation Characteristics over South Korea Changyong Park* JaYeon Moon** Eun-Jeong Cha*** Won-Tae Yun**** Youngeun Choi***** 1958 2007 6 9 6 9 10 10 10 10 10 Abstract This

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: * The Participant Expe

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Participant Expe Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.17-40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.17 * The Participant Experiences and Expectations of Pre-service Teachers for

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 김진주 김수연. 초등학생대상장애이해교육에활용된동화에나타난장애인관분석. 특수교육, 2013, 제12권, 제2호, 135-160... 20.,,. 4.,,.,..... 주제어 : 장애이해교육, 동화, 장애인관 1. ( 1 ) Incheon Munhak Elementary School ( )(, E-mail: sooyoun@ginue.ac.kr) Dept. of

More information

(5차 편집).hwp

(5차 편집).hwp (215), 54(1), 17-3 211 STEAM,.. STEAM, STEAM, 5~6 11.,., 5~6...,. (, 21)., 29. (,, 212). 211 STEAM * :, E-mail: njkwon@hanmail.net http://dx.doi.org/1.15812/ter.54.1.2153.17 (215), 54(1), 17-3,. (Arts)

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 한국정보통신학회논문지(J. Korea Inst. Inf. Commun. Eng.) Vol. 19, No. 5 : 1031~1039 May. 2015 정보보호 산업의 경제적 파급효과 및 기여도 분석 김방룡 1 홍재표 2* Economic

More information

歯14.양돈규.hwp

歯14.양돈규.hwp : The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy 2003. Vol. 15, No. 3, 615-631. 1 2 3 1,410.,, ( ),., ( 69%),.,, ( ), ( ).,,.., ( ).,. :,,. :, (390-711) 21-1, : 043-649-1362 E-mail : ydk9498@hanmail.net

More information

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770>

<353420B1C7B9CCB6F52DC1F5B0ADC7F6BDC7C0BB20C0CCBFEBC7D120BEC6B5BFB1B3C0B0C7C1B7CEB1D7B7A52E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 866-871, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.2.866 증강현실을 이용한 아동교육프로그램 모델제안 권미란 1*, 김정일 2 1 나사렛대학교 아동학과, 2 한세대학교 e-비즈니스학과

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon

[ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with clon [ 영어영문학 ] 제 55 권 4 호 (2010) 775-794 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1) Kyuchul Yoon, Ji-Yeon Oh & Sang-Cheol Ahn. Teaching English prosody through English poems with cloned native intonation. The purpose of this work is to

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: An Exploratory Stud

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   An Exploratory Stud Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.423-441 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.423 An Exploratory Study on the Improvement of Democratic Consultative Culture

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

-07-......

-07-...... A Depth Interview on Qualification, Role, and Professionalism of Infant/Toddler Teachers Department of Child & Family Studies, Kyung Hee University Associate Professor : Ahn, Sun Hee Department of Early

More information

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770>

<C7D1B1B9B1B3C0B0B0B3B9DFBFF85FC7D1B1B9B1B3C0B05F3430B1C733C8A35FC5EBC7D5BABB28C3D6C1BE292DC7A5C1F6C6F7C7D42E687770> 기혼 여성이 사이버대학에서 상담을 전공하면서 겪는 경험 방기연 (고려사이버대학교 상담심리학과 부교수) * 요 약 본 연구는 기혼 여성의 사이버대학 상담전공 학과 입학에서 졸업까지의 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한 다. 이를 위해 연구참여자 10명을 대상으로 심층면접을 하고, 합의적 질적 분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 입학 전 에 연구참여자들은 고등교육의 기회를

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI: Awareness, Supports

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp DOI:   Awareness, Supports Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.335-363 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.335 Awareness, Supports in Need, and Actual Situation on the Curriculum Reconstruction

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: * A Study on Good School

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI:   * A Study on Good School Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.1 * A Study on Good School and School Evaluation Purpose: This study was to examine

More information

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( :

27 2, 17-31, , * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** ( : 27 2, 17-31, 2009. -, * ** ***,. K 1 2 2,.,,,.,.,.,,.,. :,,, : 2009/08/19 : 2009/09/09 : 2009/09/30 * 2007 ** *** (: dminkim@cau.ac.kr) 18 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. Ⅰ. (,,, 2004). (,, 2006).,,, (Myrick,

More information

노인정신의학회보14-1호

노인정신의학회보14-1호 제14권 1호 통권 제23호 www.kagp.or.kr 발행인 : 정인과 / 편집인 : 이동우 / 발행처 : 정인과 (152-703) 서울특별시 구로구 구로동 80번지 고려대학교 구로병원 정신과 / TEL : 02-818-6608 / FAX : 02-852-1937 발행일 : 2008년 4월 30일 / 제 작 : (주)엠엘커뮤니케이션 140-846 서울특별시

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: A study on Characte

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   A study on Characte Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.381-404 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.381 A study on Characteristics of Action Learning by Analyzing Learners Experiences

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Study on the Pe

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   * A Study on the Pe Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.405-425 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.405 * A Study on the Perceptions and Factors of Immigrant Background Youth

More information

230 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 I. 서 론 청소년의 언어가 거칠어지고 있다. 개ㅅㄲ, ㅆㅂ놈(년), 미친ㅆㄲ, 닥쳐, 엠창, 뒤져 등과 같은 말은 주위에서 쉽게 들을 수 있다. 말과 글이 점차 된소리나 거센소리로 바뀌고, 외 국어 남용과 사이버 문화의 익명성 등

230 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 I. 서 론 청소년의 언어가 거칠어지고 있다. 개ㅅㄲ, ㅆㅂ놈(년), 미친ㅆㄲ, 닥쳐, 엠창, 뒤져 등과 같은 말은 주위에서 쉽게 들을 수 있다. 말과 글이 점차 된소리나 거센소리로 바뀌고, 외 국어 남용과 사이버 문화의 익명성 등 청소년의 개인, 가정, 학교변인에 따른 비교육적 언어 사용의 차이 229 한국교육학연구 제20권 제3호 The Korea Educational Review 2014. 10. Vol.20. No.3. pp.229-251. 1) 청소년의 개인, 가정, 학교변인에 따른 비교육적 언어 사용의 차이* 강기수 조규판(동아대학교) [요 약] 본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 개인변인인

More information

-06-......,......

-06-......,...... Analysis of the Current Condition of Student Childcare Training in Korea: Student Childcare Training Centers, Guidance Teachers, Student Teachers and Student Childcare Training Fees Department of Childcare

More information

untitled

untitled Original Article Experiences of Unwed Mothers Choi, Yang-Ja 1) Kim, Kwuy-Bun 2) 1) Professor, Redcross College of Nursing, 2) Professor, Kyung Hee University, College of Nursing Science 1) 2) 1) 2) Purpose:

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: NCS : G * The Analy

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   NCS : G * The Analy Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.133-158 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.133 NCS : G * The Analysis of the Cognitive Level of Basic Job Skills of Specialized

More information

Æ÷Àå82š

Æ÷Àå82š Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose

More information

27 2, * ** 3, 3,. B ,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability

27 2, * ** 3, 3,. B ,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability 27 2, 71-90. 2009. 3 * ** 3, 3,. B 2003 4 2004 2.,.,,,. 3,.,,,,..,. :,, : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/21 : 2009/09/30 * ICAD (Institute for Children Ability Development) ** ( : heyjun@gmail.com) 72 한국교육문제연구제

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

한국현대치의학의발전 년논문, 증례보고, 종설및학술강연회연제를중심으로 Development of modern dentistry in Korea 저자저널명발행기관 NDSL URL 신유석 ; 신재의大韓齒科醫師協會誌 = The journal of the Ko

한국현대치의학의발전 년논문, 증례보고, 종설및학술강연회연제를중심으로 Development of modern dentistry in Korea 저자저널명발행기관 NDSL URL 신유석 ; 신재의大韓齒科醫師協會誌 = The journal of the Ko 한국현대치의학의발전 1946-1969 년논문, 증례보고, 종설및학술강연회연제를중심으로 Development of modern dentistry in Korea 저자저널명발행기관 NDSL URL 신유석 ; 신재의大韓齒科醫師協會誌 = The journal of the Korean dental association 대한치과의사협회 http://www.ndsl.kr/ndsl/search/detail/article/articlesearchresultdetail.do?cn=jako201574852718178

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

도비라

도비라 광고학연구 : 제24권 5호(2013년) The Korean Journal of Advertising, Vol.24, No.5 (2013). pp.99 116 대학생 광고공모전이 광고업계 취업에 미치는 영향: 대학생과 실무자의 인식 비교를 중심으로 차 유 철 우석대학교 광고이벤트학과 교수, 언론학박사 이 희 복 상지대학교 언론광고학부 교수, 언론학박사* 신

More information

09권오설_ok.hwp

09권오설_ok.hwp (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) (Regular Paper) 19 5, 2014 9 (JBE Vol. 19, No. 5, September 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2014.19.5.656 ISSN 2287-9137 (Online) ISSN 1226-7953 (Print) a) Reduction

More information

<BFB5B3B2C7D03231C8A32DC3D6C1BEC6EDC1FDBABB2836BFF93236C0CF292E687770>

<BFB5B3B2C7D03231C8A32DC3D6C1BEC6EDC1FDBABB2836BFF93236C0CF292E687770> 星州 漢文學의 歷史的 展開樣相 황 위 주* Ⅰ. 머리말 Ⅱ. 高麗末 以前의 狀況 Ⅲ. 朝鮮前期 官人과 士林 Ⅳ. 朝鮮後期 道學派의 活動 Ⅴ. 19世紀 以後의 狀況 Ⅵ. 마무리 국문초록 본고는 성주라는 특정 지역의 한문학을 집중적 검토 대상으로 삼아 이 곳에서 수행된 창작 활동의 역사적 전개 양상을 보다 정밀하게 파악하고 자 하였다. 성주지역 한문학은 신라 말부터

More information

304.fm

304.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 3, 2009 yw s w - û - A Study on the Planning of Improved-Hanok - Focused on Jeon-Nam Province - y* ** z*** **** Kang, Man-Ho Lee, Woo-Won Jeong, Hun

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

141(26) 20056 1930 19 () ( ( ) () () () ) 2) 1932 ()()3) 2 1) 1897519( ) ( ) () () () 4) ( ) 5) 6) 15-20 7) 191216 2) ( ) () 42 () 193111 12 1933 4 3)

141(26) 20056 1930 19 () ( ( ) () () () ) 2) 1932 ()()3) 2 1) 1897519( ) ( ) () () () 4) ( ) 5) 6) 15-20 7) 191216 2) ( ) () 42 () 193111 12 1933 4 3) 141(26) 20056 Korean J Med Hist 14131 Jun 2005 ISSN 1225505X ( 1897-1982) * ** 1 ( 1897-1982) ( ) 1) 3 1 ( ) 1930 1930 1930 * () ** 1) ( 2000 p 13-15) 1 141(26) 20056 1930 19 () ( ( ) () () () ) 2) 1932

More information

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling

More information

hwp

hwp 심사위원 심사위원 심사위원 인 인 인 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - Ⅰ. 서 - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - 항목 건강하지못하다 주관적구강상태 보통이다

More information

< C7D1B1B9B1B8B0ADBAB8B0C7B0FAC7D0C8B8C1F62833B1C731C8A3292E687770>

< C7D1B1B9B1B8B0ADBAB8B0C7B0FAC7D0C8B8C1F62833B1C731C8A3292E687770> Journal of Korean Society of Oral Health Science 2015, July. 3(1): 41~49 ISSN: 2288-6079 일부대학생들의구강보건지식과구강건강관리행태에대한조사 ( 보건계열학생과비보건계열로구분 ) 박참빛, 박선영, 정유은, 이정화, 김혜진, 이민경, 윤현서 동의대학교치위생학과 Investigation into

More information

02Á¶ÇýÁø

02Á¶ÇýÁø Analysis of Hazardous Fog and Index Development in Korea* Hye-Jin Cho** Abstract : The existing researches related to the fog have focused on mainly the fog itself and its spatial variation. This study

More information

untitled

untitled 대한마취과학회지 2008; 55: 190~6 Korean J Anesthesiol Vol. 55, No. 2, August, 2008 임상연구 대한민국의 마취통증의학 임상실습 현황 연세대학교 의과대학 마취통증의학교실 및 마취통증의학연구소 장동진ㆍ안소운ㆍ안지원ㆍ김종훈 The current status of anesthesiology clerkship in Korea

More information

A 617

A 617 Special Issue Diabetic Retinopathy Won Ki Lee, M.D. Department of Ophthalmology The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine Kangnam St. Mary s Hospital E mail : wklee@catholic.ac.kr Abstract R

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

Research subject change trend analysis of Journal of Educational Information and Media Studies : Network text analysis of the last 20 years * The obje

Research subject change trend analysis of Journal of Educational Information and Media Studies : Network text analysis of the last 20 years * The obje Research subject change trend analysis of Journal of Educational Information and Media Studies : Network text analysis of the last 20 years * The objectives of this study are analyzing research trends

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: : A Study on the Ac

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI:   : A Study on the Ac Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.269-293 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.269 : A Study on the Actual Condition of Character Education in Early Childhood

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

605.fm

605.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 19, No. 6, 2008 y k y p w sƒ Care-giver s Needs and Evaluation on the Actual Condition of the Playgrounds in Child Care Facilities y* Choi, Mock-Wha x **

More information

ABSTRACT Development of statistical method to modeling tooth healthspan curves in Korean Jung Hoi In Department of Dentistry The Graduate School, Yonsei University Development of statistical method to

More information

<31362DB1E8C7FDBFF82DC0FABFB9BBEA20B5B6B8B3BFB5C8ADC0C720B1B8C0FC20B8B6C4C9C6C32E687770>

<31362DB1E8C7FDBFF82DC0FABFB9BBEA20B5B6B8B3BFB5C8ADC0C720B1B8C0FC20B8B6C4C9C6C32E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 13, No. 4 pp. 1525-1531, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.4.1525 저예산 독립영화의 구전 마케팅을 위한 스마트폰 모바일 애플리케이션 모델 개발 연구 김혜원 1* 1 청운대학교

More information

.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;, 1995), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, (, 201

.,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;, 1995), () 65, 4 51, (,, ). 33, 4 30, (, 201 4 21.,,,.,,. 1, 2, 3, 4.,,,,,,.,,,,., ( ). 60-66,,,,,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 303 Tel: 063-220-2495/ E-mail: ikkim@jj.ac.kr .,,,,,,.,,,,.,,,,,, (, 2011)..,,, (, 2009)., (, 2000;, 1993;,,, 1994;,

More information

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w

YI Ggodme : The Lives and Diseases of Females during the Latter Half of the Joseon Dynasty as Reconstructed with Cases in Yeoksi Manpil (Stray Notes w 497 의사학 제24권 제2호(통권 제50호) 2015년 8월 Korean J Med Hist 24 ː497-532 Aug 2015 c대한의사학회 http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2015.24.497 pissn 1225-505X, eissn 2093-5609 역시만필( 歷 試 漫 筆 ) 의 사례로 재구성한 조선후기 여성의 삶과 질병

More information

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770>

<30345F283439372D353034295F313135375FC0CCB5BFC8F15FB5B5B7CEC5CDB3CEC0C720B0BBB1B8BACE20B0E6B0FCBCB3B0E8B0A120C5CDB3CE20B3BBBACEC1B6B8ED2E687770> J of Korean Tunn Undergr Sp Assoc 15(5)497-504(2013) eissn: 2287-4747 http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.5.497 pissn: 2233-8292 도로터널의 갱구부 경관설계가 터널 내부조명에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 이미애 1 ㆍ이동희 2 * 1 아이라이트 대표이사 2

More information

<31335FB1C7B0E6C7CABFDC2E687770>

<31335FB1C7B0E6C7CABFDC2E687770> 에너지기후변화교육 4(2):203~211(2014) 203 초등학교 교과서 에너지 단원의 탐구활동과 시각자료 기능 분석 사례 연구 신명경 권경필 * 경인교육대학교 Abstract : This study aimed to analyze energy related inquiry activity and visual materials in elementary textbook.

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006;

,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012). (2007) 26%., (,,, 2011;, 2006; ,,.. 400,,,,,,.,,, -, -, -., 3.. :, Tel : 010-9540-0640, E-mail : sunney05@hanmail.net ,,,.,,,, (, 2013).,.,, (,, 2011). (, 2007;, 2008), (, 2005;,, 2007).,, (,, 2010;, 2010), (2012),,,.. (, 2011:,, 2012).

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

34 J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 2014 ; 14(1) : 33-8 저하 등의 부정적인 경험도 초래할 수 있다 7). 그러나, 환자가 의료인과 직접 대면하지 않고 의사소통을 할 수 있다는 것과 심리적인 부담 없이 자신의 문제를 말하고 상담할 수 있다는 것이

34 J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 2014 ; 14(1) : 33-8 저하 등의 부정적인 경험도 초래할 수 있다 7). 그러나, 환자가 의료인과 직접 대면하지 않고 의사소통을 할 수 있다는 것과 심리적인 부담 없이 자신의 문제를 말하고 상담할 수 있다는 것이 J KSDH Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene 2014 February 14(1) : 33-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.2014.14.01.33 Original Article 치과 내원환자들의 스켈링과 정기검진 및 전화서비스와의 관련성 김윤정 김선영 김지희 광주여자대학교 치위생학과

More information

<3136C1FD31C8A320C5EBC7D52E687770>

<3136C1FD31C8A320C5EBC7D52E687770> 고속도로건설에 따른 지역간 접근성 변화분석 A study on the impact of new highway construction on regional accessibility The purpose of this is to analyse the interregional accessibility changes due to highway construction.

More information

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 Korean J Med Hist 13 20 36 June 2004 ISSN 1225 505X * 1 1886 ( ) 1) 1905 * 1) 20 2) 1910 1926 1910 1926 1930 40 2 1899 1907 3) 4) 1908 1909 ( ) ( ) ( 2) 1995 1998 3) 1997 p 376 4) 1956

More information

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( )

. 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, ( ) . 45 1,258 ( 601, 657; 1,111, 147). Cronbach α=.67.95, 95.1%, Kappa.95.,,,,,,.,...,.,,,,.,,,,,.. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ,. (, 2011),, 1980 5 49.9%, 4 (20.3%). 1985, 5 (39.0%), 4 (25.3%).

More information

Study on the Improvement of Management System through Analysis of golf semi- market: Focus on Physical Education Facility Act Ji-Myung Jung 1, Ju-Ho Park 2 *, & Youngdae Lee 3 1 Korea Institute of Sport

More information

.. IMF.. IMF % (79,895 ). IMF , , % (, 2012;, 2013) %, %, %

.. IMF.. IMF % (79,895 ). IMF , , % (, 2012;, 2013) %, %, % *.. 8. Colaizzi 131, 40, 11.,,,.... * (2014). (Corresponding Author): / / 76 Tel: 041-550-2903 / E-mail: limkt3013@naver.com .. IMF.. IMF 1996 1.7% (79,895 ). IMF 1999 118,000 1980 5 2004 138,900 11 12.

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: A Study on the Opti

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   A Study on the Opti Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.127-148 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/11024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.127 A Study on the Optimization of Appropriate Hearing-impaired Curriculum Purpose:

More information

00표지

00표지 09 2007 09 Vol.377 www.corrections.go.kr 004 006 004 010 032 011 022 032 036 038 041 042 044 046 050 COVER STORY 034 163 063 072 075 080 130 140 141 144 146 150 183 184 180 Monthly Correctional Review

More information

부산교육 311호

부산교육 311호 Contents Busan Education 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 37 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 (School Based Management) 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 60 61 62 63 64 65 66

More information

2016남서울_수시모집요강_단면.pdf

2016남서울_수시모집요강_단면.pdf Namseoul Univ. 2016 Global NSU 1. 2. 3. 4. 2012 2013 2014 2015 남서울대학교의 대표적인 국제교류 프로그램인 두 개의 학위를 동시에 취득하는 복수학위제도 복수학위제도는 세계를 무대로 펼쳐져 있습니다. 학생들은 학과별로 마련된 복수학위제도를 통해 남서울대학교에서 2년 또는 3년 교육과정을 이수한 후 세계적인 국제교류

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:21~34 Received: 2016/12/04, Accepted: 2016/12/27 Revised: 2016/12/19, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] With the development of the Internet,

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information