CALPER – Relative Clauses

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1 Korean Grammar in Discourse and Interaction Materials for Advanced / Heritage Korean Unit 5: Noun Modifiers "Using TV Commercials to Learn and Practice Noun Modifiers"oun Modifiers" Susan Strauss The Pennsylvania State University with assistance by: Sungwoo Kim and Hyewon Lee The Pennsylvania State University Center for Advanced Language Proficiency Education and Research The Pennsylvania State University 2007

2 INTRODUCTION This unit is designed to review and practice vocabulary items and a special set of noun modifying constructions that are formed with verbal adjectives and verbs. We have chosen the genre of the television commercial for work on this topic for two reasons: 1) Television commercials provide excellent samples of authentic language and culture within a concentrated and highly focused frame of reference; they are short and many of the lines, including the actual slogan for the advertised project, are quite easy to remember, and 2) The target construction for this lesson appears very frequently in advertising discourse in general, and in television commercials in particular. The discourse samples and explanations presented here are intended to supplement existing materials on Korean noun modification. The unit proceeds from more simple types of structures (two-word expressions, e.g., verbal adjective + noun) to more complex structures, concepts, and ideas. The tasks are sequenced in a similar manner, from shorter and more topic-central ones, to activities that build on the current topic but that also draw on students general linguistic knowledge. The unit is designed assuming that students have already been exposed to many of the vocabulary items provided here and that they already have at least a working understanding of the types of modifying expressions that we focus on. We begin with a review of how such noun modifying constructions in Korean are formed with verbal adjectives and then with verbs. Next, we provide a series of scripts and the corresponding video clips that contain the target structures. The commercial copy was transcribed from the actual commercial itself and is presented in the lesson with indicators of who the speaker is and the particular line or lines that s/he utters. Where relevant, we also provide short glosses for words and expressions that might be new or unfamiliar to students. Within each segment, we ask students to locate the target constructions in the script noting particularly the placement of the noun being modified in relation to the modifying constructions. We then present a series of questions or tasks that guide students to apply what they have noticed in the commercial copy to other expressions. We provide a general recap and summary of the tokens. The unit ends with an invitation to students to write two full original commercials (one for Rayban Sunglasses and one for LG Room Fans). We provide an answer key on the last pages for all of the tasks. No answer key or sample original commercial is given for the final section where students are to compose their own. This is the first of a two-part series on noun modifiers and relative clauses in Korean. The second lesson builds on the concepts that we have presented here and focuses on more complex relative clause structures. Susan Strauss sgs9@psu.edu November 2007

3 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers Note: Copyright 2007 by CALPER and the Pennsylvania State University. All rights reserved. No part of the data displayed in this workbook may be quoted without explicit written permission from the Center for Advanced Language Proficiency Education and Research and the author and no secondary materials may be developed from the data. Funding: This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Education as part of a Title VI grant to the Center for Advanced Level Language Proficiency Education and Research at the Pennsylvania State University (P229A020010). However, the contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and one should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. Produced by Center for Advanced Language Proficiency Education and Research The Pennsylvania State University 5 Sparks Building University Park, PA Web: calper.la.psu.edu CALPER and the authors of this unit are grateful to the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Purdue University for providing the line drawings used in this lesson, accessed on 10/05/07

4 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers Korean Noun Modifiers A. VERBAL ADJECTIVE + NOUN [adj. + n.] CONSTRUCTION In Korean, nouns can be modified in a variety of ways. When the modifying expression is derived from a verbal adjective (e.g., 빨갛다 be red, 아프다 be sick, 바쁘다 be busy, 아름답다 be beautiful, 피곤하다 be tired, 맛있다 be delicious) and when that adjective directly precedes the noun, the adjectival form is marked with the attributive marker -은, -ㄴ,-는 as in: red shoes: 빨간신 small village: 작은마을 famous athlete: 유명한운동선수 large building: 큰건물 important problem: 중요한문제 sick patient: 아픈환자 interesting news: 재미있는뉴스 Note that these expressions in Korean can be expressed in English as: 빨간신유명한운동선수중요한문제재미있는뉴스 red shoes or shoes that are red famous athlete or an athlete who/that is famous important problem or a problem that is important interesting news or news that/which is interesting

5 2 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers Below is a list of sample adjectives in their dictionary forms and a list of sample nouns: Adjectives (Dictionary Form): Nouns hot 뜨겁다 tea 차 special 특별하다 cuisine 요리 minor, small 작다 scar 상처 beautiful 아름답다 music 음악 rapid 빠르다 change 변화 diligent 부지런하다 student 학생 precious 귀하다 lesson 교훈 shiny 빛나다 pebble 조약돌 Exercise 5-A Express the Concepts in Korean Task #1: NOTE: The answer key for this task and for all fill in the blank type of exercises appears the end of this lesson. Express the following concepts in Korean (remember that some of these involve ㅂ irregular stems): a. beautiful music b. minor injury c. precious lesson d. rapid change e. diligent student

6 3 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers TV Commercial #1 Now, watch this commercial clip for PAT, a brand of clothing. You ll see that it contains a similar construction, but the meaning is slightly different: Transcription of TV commercial #1 TV COMMERCIAL CLIP #1: ( 피에이티 ) narrator: 아름다운이유 [modifier] [noun] narrator: 피에이티 So, if we were to follow the rules as above, one might think that 아름다운 이유, PAT, means PAT, the beautiful reason. Instead, however, it means: PAT, the reason she is beautiful The guy in the picture below looks cool because of his Gucci hat. Note the parallel structure and meaning of the Korean sentence that describes him. ( 내가 ) 멋진이유, 구찌

7 4 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers B. VERB + NOUN [verb + n.] CONSTRUCTION When the modifying expression is derived from a verb (e.g., 읽다 read, 타다 ride (get on), 만나다 meet, 돕다 help, 맡기다 to entrust, 떠나보내다 to send someone off, and when that verb directly precedes the noun, the verbal form is marked with - 은, - ㄴ, - 는, - 을, or - ㄹ. Note that - 은, - ㄴ is used to denote a past description and 는 to denote a non-past or on-going one. Note also that - 을, - ㄹ is used to denote a future or unrealized description. The following sentences will illustrate: The movie that I watched last night is Old Boy. 어제밤에내가본영화는올드보이예요. The movie that I am watching now is Old Boy. 지금내가보는 / 보고있는영화는올드보이야. The movie that I will watch tonight is Old Boy. 오늘밤에내가볼영화는올드보이야. Exercise 5-B Describe the Scene in Korean. Now, you provide the Korean to describe the three variations of the following scene: a. The bus that the boy is getting on is crowded (has a lot of people). (Korean)

8 5 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers b. The bus that the boy rode yesterday morning was crowded. (had a lot of people). (Korean) c. The crowded bus arrived very late. (Korean) d. The girl that she sent off to the countryside was her daughter. (Korean) e. The girl that she will send off to the countryside is her daughter. (Korean) Vocabulary: 시골 countryside TV Commercial #2 Now, let s have a look at another commercial clip. The transcript appears below. You can read the transcript and then click on the link to play the clip. Find similar types of noun modifying expressions (i.e., with the use of attributive marker - 은, - 는 used with adjectives and/or verbs) in this short commercial for 철원오대쌀 : Transcription of TV commercial #1 TV COMMERCIAL CLIP #2: ( 철원오대쌀 ) Male narrator: 옛날의좋은형제들은 볏단으로사랑을 나눴습니다. 정성과사랑이담긴

9 6 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers 철원오대쌀 Male narrator: 요즘형제들은 철원오대쌀로 사랑을나눕니다. Male narrator: 밥맛좋은귀한쌀. Male narrator: 철원오대쌀 Vocabulary: 볏단 rice bundle, 정성 heart/care (n.), 나누다 to share, 담기다 to be filled, to contain You probably located three separate lines of transcript that contain the target noun modifying constructions: The first is a simple adjective + noun construction: 옛날의좋은형제들 [modifier] [noun] The second is derived from the verb 담기다 to be filled, to contain. 정성과사랑이담긴철원오대쌀 [modifier] [noun]

10 7 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers Exercise 5-C Target Noun Modifying Constructions I C1. How would the above be expressed in English? (Korean) C2. How would you say in Korean: Lotte Cake, with (containing/which contains) happiness and sunshine (Korean) C3. How about: Kellogg s Corn Flakes, with (full of + containing) vitamins and iron (Korean) Vocabulary: happiness 행복 Vitamins 비타민 full (adv.) 가득 sunshine 햇살 iron 철분 C4. And finally, describe the picture that you see below: fresh vegetables salad Salad with (full of + containing) fresh vegetables (Korean)

11 8 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers The third instance of this construction in TV CLIP #2 ( 철원오대쌀 ) actually contains more than one token of the target form with two attributive adjectives side by side: 밥맛좋은귀한쌀 [compound modifier] [noun] C5. What does the above line mean? (English) Exercise 5-D Target Noun Modifying Constructions II Applying what we know about the word order and formation of noun modifying constructions in Korean, what does this line mean? (hint: it s a description of milk): 몸에좋은시원한우유 (English) TV Commercial #3 Next, we ll present a clip for 이 - 편한세상 (E-comfortable World), a brand of luxury apartments. You ll see the target construction in the brand name itself and also in one line of the script. The first two lines of transcript are from the story Hansel and Gretel, that a mother is in the midst of reading to her son.

12 9 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers Transcription of TV commercial #3 TV COMMERCIAL CLIP #3: ( 이 - 편한세상 ) Female narrator: 컴컴한산속에서 하얗게빛나는 Female voice: 집이뭐죠? 조약돌을보았어요. Mother: Female narrator: 뭐긴 당신을쉬게하는집 Vocabulary: 컴컴하다 dark, 빛나다 to shine, 조약돌 pebble Exercise 5-E Exercise of Commercial #3 This is the brand name: 이 - 편한세상 (E-comfortable World) [modifier] [noun] This is the second instance of the construction: 당신을쉬게하는집 [modifier] [noun] In this particular situation, what is the home that 이 - 편한세상 is advertising? It s a particular quality that makes an 이 - 편한세상 home different from other homes. (English)

13 10 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers Exercise 5-F Phrases with the noun The following two expressions match the same grammatical pattern as the advertising slogan for 이 - 편한세상. How would you express these in English? REMINDER: In Korean, the noun that is modified always comes at the end of the phrase. In English, for this type of construction, you d start your phrase with the noun: a. 마음을맑게하는명상 (English) b. 대화를즐겁게하는와인 ( 대화 conversation) (English) Vocabulary: 명상 meditation TV Commercial #4 This next commercial is for 메디폼, a band-aid like bandage. As in many Korean television commercials, the advertising slogan that foregrounds the product is formed with the identical type of noun modifying constructions that we have been practicing in this chapter. Here too, pay special attention to the slogan uttered by the female narrator the particular quality that 메디폼 possesses.

14 11 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers Transcription of TV commercial #4 TV COMMERCIAL CLIP #4: ( 메디폼 ) Children: 엄마 최진실 : 어? 안돼안돼. 최진실 : 허. 아앙. 괜찮아. 괜찮아. 그래두흉지면안되니까. 메디폼을짝붙이면 Female narrator: 상처치유를 빠르게도와주는메디폼 최진실 : 뗄때도안안프지. 일동제약 Vocabulary: 흉 scar (n.), 치유 cure (n.), 떼다 pull off

15 12 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers Exercise 5-G Exercise of Commercial #5 Here is the 메디폼 slogan: 상처치유를빠르게도와주는메디폼 [modifier] [noun] How would you translate this 메디폼 slogan into English? (English) The 메디폼 product is designed to treat a specific type of ailment, i.e., an injury usually a cut or scrape. In the list below, we provide an array of minor ailments that might be treated by ordinary over-the-counter medications antacids, Tylenol, or aspirin. cough 기침 cold 감기 sore throat 아픈목 fever 열 body ache 몸살 headache 두통 backache 요통 toothache 치통 stuffy nose 막힌코 stomach ache 복통 indigestion 소화불량 Exercise 5-H Exercises of some advertising slogans Now, we have invented some advertising slogans for 타이레놀, 훼스탈, (a medicine for indigestion), and 아스피린. Read these hypothetical advertising lines and indicate how they might be expressed in English: a. 두통에강한타이레놀 ( 강한 strong/very effective) (English)

16 13 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers b. 소화불량에좋은훼스탈 (English) c. 당신의치통을날려주는아스피린 ( 날리다 blow away (tr.)) (English) TV Commercial #5 Now, let s watch a commercial for 피자헛, 치즈바이트피자. This clip contains two tokens of the type of noun modifying constructions we have been examining in this workbook. See if you can locate them as you read the script and view the commercial. Transcription of TV commercial #5 TV COMMERCIAL CLIP #5 ( 피자헛 ) Male narrator: 사람들이피자를떼어먹기 시작했 - 그거말구 Female narrator: 새로나온치즈바이트피자 스물여덟개의치즈롤을하나씩떼어한입에쏙쏙치즈바이트바이트 Male narrator: Female singer: 좋아하는표현입니다 피자헛

17 14 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers Vocabulary: 떼다 pull off/ 떼어먹다 pull off and eat, 한입 one mouthful, 쏙쏙 easily and without obstruction, 표현 expression Exercise 5-I Exercise of Commercial #5 The two target constructions are: a. 새로나온치즈바이트피자 (English) [modifier] [noun] b. 좋아하는표현 (English) [modifier] [noun] TV Commercial #6 Let s view the final commercial for this lesson and listen and/or watch for the occurrence of the target construction. This commercial is for 현대증권 Transcription of TV commercial #6 TV COMMERCIAL CLIP #6: ( 현대증권 ) 류수영 : 수출로키운나라 이젠 선진금융으로더크게 키우겠습니다 대한민국을키우는

18 15 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers 글로벌투자은행 현대증권이 앞서갑니다 narrator: 유퍼스트현대증권 Vocabulary: 증권 securities, 수출 export, 키우다 develop, 선진 advanced, 금융 finance, 투자 investment, 앞서가다 lead Exercise 5-J Exercise of Commercial #6 대한민국을키우는글로벌투자은행 [modifier] [noun] Meaning of this line in English: REACAP AND SUMMARY -Noun Modifting Constructions: Adj.+Noun and Verb + Noun As we have seen in these examples, both from the actual TV commercials and in the invented slogans and statements, the modifiers for the nouns all precede the nouns. That is, the modifying constructions come first and it is the NOUN that COMES AT THE END OF THE MODIFYING EXPRESSION. 아름다운이유 어제밤에내가본영화는올드보이예요

19 16 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers 옛날의좋은형제들 정성과사랑이담긴철원오대쌀 비타민과철분이가득담긴켈로그콘프레이크 밥맛좋은귀한쌀 몸에좋은시원한우유 당신을쉬게하는집 상처치유를빠르게도와주는메디폼 당신의치통을날려주는아스피린 새로나온치즈바이트피자 좋아하는표현 대한민국을키우는글로벌투자은행 Note the collection of noun phrases and expressions that we ve already visited and the pattern will become even clearer. Also, as we have observed in the data, the nouns that are modified may be common nouns, such as 우유, 집, and 아스피린 or they may proper nouns such as 메디폼 and 타이레놀. Now, to practice what you ve just learned about advertising language in general and noun modifying clauses in particular, try and write your own commercial for the two products that are represented in the drawings that follow (Ray-ban Sunglasses and LG Room Fans). Be as creative as you can. Feel free to use a dictionary and to ask your instructor for vocabulary items and grammatical constructions that you might be unsure of. Also, in your commercial script, be sure to use AT LEAST ONE of the noun modifying construction types that we have introduced in this lesson. The script should contain a minimum of five sentences and should involve at least two speakers. Use any type of format you like (e.g., narrator [voice only] and visible speaker, narrators only, visible speakers only, etc.). 1. WRITE YOUR OWN COMMERCIAL FOR RAY-BAN SUNGLASSES HERE

20 17 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers 2. WRITE YOUR OWN COMMERCIAL FOR LG ROOM FANS HERE:

21 18 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers ANSWER KEY Here, we provide all of the answers to the questions posed in the lesson, with the exception of the final two commercials. You should check those with your instructor. p.2 5-A a. beautiful music 아름다운음악 b. minor injury 작은상처 c. precious lesson 귀한교훈 d. rapid change 빠른변화 e. diligent student 부지런한학생 p.4 5-B a. The girl that she sent to the countryside was her daughter. ( 그녀가 ) 시골로보낸여자아이는그녀의딸이었다. b. The girl that she will send to the countryside is her daughter.

22 19 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers ( 그녀가 ) 시골로보낼여자아이는그녀의딸이다. c. The bus that the boy is getting on is crowded (has many people). 소년이타는버스는사람이많다. d. The bus that the boy rode yesterday morning was crowded (had many people). 소년이어제아침에탄버스는사람이많았다. e. The crowded bus arrived very late. ( 그 ) 사람이많은버스는아주늦게도착했다. p C. C1.Chelwuen Otay Rice, which contains (or simply with or containing ) care and love. 정성과사랑이담긴철원오대쌀. C2. Lotte Cake, with (lit. which contains) happiness and sunshine. 행복과햇살이담긴롯데케잌. C3. Kellogg s Corn Flakes, with (lit. which is full of + contains) vitamins and iron. 비타민과철분이가득담긴켈로그콘프레이크. C4. Salad, with (lit. which is full of + contains) fresh vegetables. 신선한야채가가득담긴샐러드. p.7 C5. 밥맛좋은귀한쌀. Precious (uncooked) rice, with the good taste of (cooked) rice. 5-D 몸에좋은시원한우유. Cold milk, which is good for your body. p.8 5-E In this particular situation, what is the home that 이 - 편한세상 is advertising? (An 이 - 편한세상 home is) the home that lets you rest (home and rest both are meant in the physical sense and in the spiritual sense).

23 20 Unit 5: Korean Noun Modifiers p.9 5-F a. 마음을맑게하는명상. Meditation, which clears (your) mind (lit. that makes (your) mind clear). b. 대화를즐겁게하는와인. Wine, which makes (your) conversation enjoyable. p.10 5-G 상처치유를빠르게도와주는메디폼. Meytiphom, which helps make the cure of your injury (happen) fast. p.11 5-H a. 두통에강한타이레놀. Tylenol, which is very effective for headache pain. b. 소화불량에좋은훼스탈. Festal, which is good for indigestion. c. 당신의치통을날려주는아스피린. Aspirin, which relieves (lit. blows away) your toothache. p.12 5-I a. 새로나온치즈바이트피자. Cheese bite pizza, (which is) just out (lit. which is newly appeared). b. 좋아하는표현. An expression that you are enjoying (it)/that you like it. p.13 5-J 대한민국을키우는글로벌투자은행. The global investment bank that develops the Republic of South Korea.

Page 2 of 6 Here are the rules for conjugating Whether (or not) and If when using a Descriptive Verb. The only difference here from Action Verbs is wh

Page 2 of 6 Here are the rules for conjugating Whether (or not) and If when using a Descriptive Verb. The only difference here from Action Verbs is wh Page 1 of 6 Learn Korean Ep. 13: Whether (or not) and If Let s go over how to say Whether and If. An example in English would be I don t know whether he ll be there, or I don t know if he ll be there.