2-4. KS X ) Modern Hangul Syllable Blocks - Only code positions of Wanseong (Precomposed) Hangul Syllable block (UAC00 ~ D7A3) 2) Old Hangul S

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1 1 - Doc No.: Korea JTC1/SC2 K1647-1C (.hwp) K1647-2C (.pdf) ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3422R Universal Multiple Octet Coded Character Set International Organization for Standardization Organisation internationale de normalisation Международная организация по стандартизации Doc Type: Working Group Document Title: An introduction of Korean Standard KS X :2007, Hangul processing guide for information interchange Source: Kim, Kyongsok, Head of delegation Status: Korea National Body Action: For consideration by JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC Date: Background Ÿ Some confusion as to representing Hangul in UCS. Ÿ Also a discrepancy between ISO/IEC and Unicode in representing Hangul. Ÿ Clarify these points and establish guidelines so that Hangul can be processed and interchanged without confusion --> KS X Title and scope of KS X Ÿ Title: Information Technology - Universal Multiple Octet Coded Character Set - Hangul - Part 1 Hangul Processing Guide for Information Interchange Ÿ Scope:... the representation format and processing method of Hangul used for interchanging information Two major types of Hangul blocks 1) Wanseong (Precomposed) Hangul Syllable block (UAC00 ~ D7A3) 2) Johab Hangul Jamo block (U11xx + more letters in Amd5) Ÿ some confusion as to how these code positions can be concatenated

2 2-4. KS X ) Modern Hangul Syllable Blocks - Only code positions of Wanseong (Precomposed) Hangul Syllable block (UAC00 ~ D7A3) 2) Old Hangul Syllable Blocks - Only code positions of Johab Hangul Jamo block (U11xx) 3) Two or more code positions of simple letters cannot be concatenated to represent a complex letter. 4) A Wanseong Syllable block (UAC00 ~ UD7A3) and Johab Hangul letter(s) (U11xx) cannot be concatenated to represent another Hangul Syllable block. Ÿ Implementation algorithms for separating, searching, sorting and normalizing Hangul text syllables.

3 3-5. A discrepancy between ISO/IEC and Unicode Ÿ A syllable-final letter alone: "syllable-initial filler (U115F) + syllable final letter" in ISO/IEC

4 4 - Ÿ Unicode: "syllable-initial filler (U115F) + syllable-peak filler (U1160) + syllable final letter" 6. Conclusions Ÿ Comments and feedbacks are welcome. Ÿ Korea national body suggests that we have "Study Period" (JTC1 directives 12.3) to review these issues. Ÿ JTC1 directives 12.3, stage 0, Study Period Underway -- This stage is usually optional. An SC may approve a study period when it is too early to identify precise NPs, but agreement exists that the subject area is likely to need future standardisation (See )... Attachment: An English translation of KS X (Note. An English version is NOT a Korean Standard.) * * *

5 KSKSKSKS SKSKSKS KS X KSKSKS SKSKS KSKS SKS Information Technology - KS Universal Multiple Octet Coded Character Set - Hangul - Part 1 Hangul processing guide for information interchange KS X : 2007 Korean Agency for Technology and Standards Ministry of Knowledge Economy 96 Gyoyukwon-Gil, Gwacheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea This document is a translation of Korean Standard KS X :2007. However, this English version is not a Korean Standard. If there is any discrepancy between Korean and English versions, the Korean Standard, i.e., the Korean version, is the final authority.

6 ii CONTENTS 1 Scope Normative Reference Terms and Definitions Classes of Hangul Character Johap Hangul Letters Hangul Compatibility Letters Halfwidth Hangul Letters Wanseong Hangul Syllable Blocks Johap Hangul Syllable Blocks Incomplete Syllable Blocks Bangjeom Hangul-Embedded Symbols A representation format of Hangul A representation format of Hangul Letters A representation format of Modern Hangul syllable blocks A representation format of Old Hangul syllable blocks A representation format of Bangjeom Normalization of Hangul Normalization of Hangul Code Normalization of Compatibility and Halfwidth Hangul Letters Normalization of Hangul-embedded symbols Normalization of Hangul syllable blocks Splitting into Hangul syllable blocks Splitting into Hangul syllable blocks Splitting rules for Modern Hangul syllable blocks Splitting rules for Old Hangul syllable blocks A summary of splitting rules for Hangul syllable blocks Pulling out a Hangul Syllable Block starting at the Syllable Block Boundary of a given character string A forward search of a syllable block boundary in a Hangul character string A backward search of a syllable block boundary in a Hangul character string Processing Hangul syllable blocks not conforming to the representation format Sorting Hangul characters The order and names of Hangul Letters The order and names of changed letters Sorting order of Hangul letters and Hangul syllable blocks Sorting order of various types of Hangul letters and Hangul syllable blocks Hangul Sorting Algorithm Annex A Tables of Hangul Letters and Names A.1 Tables of Hangul Letters and Names A.1.1 Tables of Johab Hangul Letters and Names A.1.2 Hangul Compatibility Letters and Halfwidth Hangul Letters Annex B An Algorithm to process Normalization of Hangul B.1 A Normalization of Hangul syllable blocks B.1.1 Common Constants B.1.2 Common Functions B.1.3 Hangul Decomposition B.1.4 Hangul Composition B.1.5 Hangul Recomposition B.2 Normalization of Compatibility/Halfwidth Hangul Letters and Hangul-embedded symbols B.2.1 Transformation of Hangul Compatibility Letters... 37

7 B.2.2 Transformation of Halfwidth Hangul Letters B.2.3 Transformation of Hangul-embedded symbols B.2.4 Function Normalizing Compatibility/Halfwidth Hangul Letters and Hangul-embedded symbols (NormalizeJamoKDKC) Annex C A Hangul-sorting Algorithm C.1 Preprocessing of Hangul-sorting C.1.1 Transformation of Hangul Compatibility Letters C.1.2 Transformation of Halfwidth Hangul Letters C.1.3 A Transformation of Parenthesized Hangul Letters and Syllable Blocks C.1.4 A Transformation of Circled Hangul Letters and Syllable Blocks C.2 The order of Johab Hangul Letters C.2.1 Determining the Order of Johab Hangul Letters C.2.2 The Order Tables of Johab Hangul Letters to be used in programs C.3 Weights of Hangul Letters for Sorting C.3.1 Determining Weights of Hangul Letters for Sorting C.3.2 Determining Weights for Johab Hangul syllable blocks for sorting C.3.3 Determining Weights for Wanseong Hangul Syllable Block and other Hangul Letters. 43 iii

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9 KOREAN INDUSTRIAL STANDARD KS X : 2007 Information Technology - Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set(UCS) - Hangul - Part1 Hangul processing guide for information interchange 1 Scope This standard specifies the representation format and processing method of Hangul used for interchanging information between systems that process information and transmit data using ISO/IEC Universal Multiple Octet Coded Character Set. 2 Normative Reference The following references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. A designated version at the time of publication applies. Since all references are subordinate to revisions, parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the references indicated below. KS X 1001 : 2004 Code for Information Interchange (Hangeul 1 and Hanja) KS X ISO/IEC : 2005 Information technology - Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) - Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane, Supplementary Planes ISO/IEC : 2003 Information technology - Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) - Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane, Supplementary Planes ISO/IEC : 2003 Amandement 5 Information technology - Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) - Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane, Supplementary Planes The Unicode Standard 5.0 The Unicode Standard 5.0 Unicode Standard Annex 15 (UAX #15) Unicode Normalization Unicode Standard Annex 29 (UAX #29) Text Boundaries 1 Hangul is also written "Hangeul" in many recent Korean publications, according to the Revised Romanization of Korean script (released on 4 July 2000 by the South Korean Ministry of Culture and Tourism), which spelling the South Korean government uses in all English publications and encourages for all purposes. However, Hangul is used in this document as in ISO/IEC 10646:

10 Hangeul Orthography Gosi 88-1 of Ministry of Education (Jan. 9, 1988) [ 한글맞춤법 - 문교부고시제 88-1 호 (1988 년 1 월 19 일 )] 3 Terms and Definitions 3.1 Information Interchange: The exchange of information between system. 3.2 Character: A member of a finite set of elements used for the representation of data or control. Characters are classified into graphic characters and control characters. 3.3 Hangul Jamo: Hangul consonant letters and vowel letters or Hangul syllable-initial (Choseong), syllable-peak (Jungseong) or syllable-final (Jongseong) letters which Hangul syllable blocks (see 3.4) are composed of (complex letters such as ᄓ or ㅘ are also considered as one Jamo). 3.4 Hangul Syllable: A unit of Hangul composed of syllable-initial and syllable-peak letters or syllableinitial, syllable-peak and syllable-final letters. 3.5 Modern Hangul: Hangul syllable blocks and Hangul letters (Jamos) specified in Modern Hangul Orthography. The total number of Hangul syllable blocks included in UCS is 11, Old Hangul: Hangul syllable blocks and Hangul letters (Jamos) that have been used since when Hangul was invented until recently (the end of 19th century or the beginning of 20th century) but which are not used in Modern Hangul Orthography. 3.7 Normalization: Operations such as search, sort and comparison become complicated, because it is possible to have more than one binary representation for a certain character. Therefore, ISO/IEC 10646:2003 contains a normative reference to a process called Normalization which returns one and the same binary representation for two different representations transmitted. 4 Classes of Hangul Character There are a few classes of Hangul characters in UCS: Hangul letters, Hangul syllable blocks and Hangul-embedded symbols (see 4.8). In this section, we will define those classes of Hangul characters. These characters are shown in Annex A. 4.1 Johap Hangul Letters Hangul letters specified in Hangul Jamo U+1100 ~ U+11FF, Hangul Jamo Extended-A U+A960 ~ U+A97F, and Hangul Jamo Extended-B U+D7B0 ~ U+D7FF in UCS. These letters are used for composing Old Hangul syllable blocks. These letters are not used alone (i.e., a single code position does not represent a Hangul letter). 4.2 Hangul Compatibility Letters Hangul letters specified in Hangul Compatibility Jamo U+3130 ~ U+318F in UCS. These letters are used for representing fullwidth Hangul consonant and vowel letters individually. These letters are not used for composing Hangul syllable blocks, but used alone (i.e., a single code position represents a Hangul Jamo). They are included for compatibility with Hangul Jamos in KS X Halfwidth Hangul Letters 2

11 Hangul letters specified in halfwidth Hangul Jamo U+FFA0 ~ U+FFDF in UCS. These letters are not used for composing Hangul syllable blocks. They are included for compatibility with 7-bit Hangul code in Annex 4, KS X Wanseong Hangul Syllable Blocks A Wanseong Hangul syllable block represents one of 11,172 Hangul syllable blocks as a single code position and is in Hangul Syllables U+AC00 ~ U+D7A3 in UCS. 4.5 Johap Hangul Syllable Blocks A Johab Hangul syllable block is represented as a sequence of Johab Hangul letters. It is composed of either syllable-initial and syllable-peak letters or syllable-initial, syllable-peak and syllable-final letters. Syllable-initial filler and syllable-peak filler characters are used for representing incomplete syllable blocks such as a syllable-initial letter alone, a syllable-peak letter alone, a syllable-final letter alone, or a syllable-peak letter followed by a syllable-final letter. 4.6 Incomplete Syllable Blocks In this standard, an incomplete syllable block means one of the following cases. 1) a syllable-initial letter alone, - examples: ㄱ, ㄴ, 2) a syllable-peak letter alone, - examples: 3) a syllable-final letter alone, or - examples: 4) a syllable-peak letter followed by a syllable-final letter. - examples: Note. A sequence of syllable-initial and syllable-final letters is not used. 4.7 Bangjeom A Bangjeom is a notation in Hunminjeongeum for representing tones for Hangul syllable blocks. Two dots are put at the left of a Syllable Block to represent Sangseong (rising tone) and one dot to represent Geoseong (high tone). No dot is needed to represent Pyeongseong (low tone). In UCS, code positions for Geoseong and Sangseong tone marks are U+302E and U+302F, respectively. 4.8 Hangul-Embedded Symbols Hangul-embedded symbols refer to parenthesized and circled Hangul letters and syllable blocks in U+3200 ~ U+32FF in UCS. 5 A representation format of Hangul 5.1 A representation format of Hangul Letters In this standard, a Hangul letter is represented either as a consonant or a vowel letter or as a syllableinitial, a syllable-peak or a syllable-final letter. 3

12 For representing a consonant or a vowel letter alone, one of code positions of Hangul letters in Hangul Compatibility Jamo U+3131 ~ U+318E is used. For representing a syllable-initial, a syllable-peak or a syllable-final letter alone, one of code positions of Johab Hangul letters in Hangul Jamo U+1100 ~ U+11FF, Hangul Jamo Extended-A U+A960 ~ U+A97F, and Hangul Jamo Extended-B U+D7B0 ~ U+D7FF is used. It is prohibited to use a code position in these ranges individually without a filler character but must be used together with a filler character. In addition, two or more code positions of simple letters cannot be concatenated to represent a single complex letter. If L, V, T stand for a syllable-initial letter, a syllable-peak letter, a syllable-final letter, respectively; and if LF, VF stand for a syllable-initial filler, a syllable-peak filler, respectively, these rules can be expressed as regular expressions as shown below: 4 1) A representation of a syllable-initial letter alone: L V F - an example: a Syllable-Initial Letter alone ㄱ ㄱ V F (U+1100 U+1160) 2) A representation of a syllable-peak letter alone: L F V - an example: a representation of a syllable-peak letter alone ㅏ L F ㅏ (U+115F U+1161) 3) A representation of a syllable-final letter alone: L F V F T - an example: a syllable-final letter alone ㄱ L F V F ㄱ (U+115F U+1160 U+11A8) Note: There is a discrepancy between ISO/IEC and Unicode regarding this rule. There is no VF in ISO/IEC A representation format of Modern Hangul syllable blocks For representing Modern Hangul syllable blocks, we must use code positions of 11,172 Hangul syllables U+AC00 ~ U+D7A3. An application must use Wanseong Hangul syllable blocks when exchanging data with units outside of the application. 'Exchanging data' means all possible methods of information interchange, including (but not limited to) 'clipboard' input/output, file input/output, and input/output over communication protocols. 5.3 A representation format of Old Hangul syllable blocks For representing Old Hangul syllable blocks, we must use code positions of Johab Hangul letters in Hangul Jamo U+1100 ~ U+11FF, Hangul Jamo Extended-A U+A960 ~ U+A97F, and Hangul Jamo Extended-B U+D7B0 ~ U+D7FF, adhering to the following three rules. For representing incomplete Hangul syllable blocks such as a syllable-peak letter followed by a syllable-final letter, we must also follow these rules. If we use L for a syllable-initial letter (including LF), V for a syllable-peak letter (including VF), T for a syllable-final letter, LF for a syllable-initial filler and VF for a syllable-peak filler, these three rules can be expressed as regular expressions as the followings: 1) A syllable block composed of syllable-initial and syllable-peak letters: L V - an example: (U+1112 U+119E) 2) A syllable block composed of syllable-initial, syllable-peak and syllable-final letters: L V T - an example: (U+1112 U+119E U+11AB)

13 3) An incomplete syllable block composed of syllable-peak and syllable-final letters: L F V T - an example: (U+115F U+1161 U+11AE) In addition, we must adhere to the following rules when representing in Johab Hangul syllable blocks. 1) As same as in the rules of representation format of Hangul letters (see 5.1), two or more code positions of simple letters cannot be concatenated to represent a single complex letter. - an example. ㄱㄱ (U+1100 U+1100, incorrect) ㄲ (U+1101, correct) 2) A Wanseong syllable block cannot be recomposed with Johab Hangul letter(s) to represent another Hangul syllable block. - an example. 가 ᇫ (U+AC00 U+11EB, incorrect) (U+1101 U+1161 U+11EB, correct) 3) A modern syllable block must be represented in Wanseong Hangul syllable block. It is forbidden to represent a modern syllable block in Johab Hangul syllable block. - an example. ㄱㅏ (U+1100 U+1161, incorrect) 가 (U+AC00, correct) 5.4 A representation format of Bangjeom A Bangjeom (Geoseong U+302E, Sangseong U+302F) is combining mark and therefore cannot be used alone. It must be appended to a Hangul syllable block (a modern or old Hangul syllable block). In other words, a Bangjeom cannot be in the middle of a Hangul syllable block. In addition, two Bangjeoms cannot be used together; only one Bangjeom can be applied to a Hangul syllable block. If we use S for a modern Hangul syllable block, M for Bangjeom and '?' for a quantifier which indicates there can be no symbol at all or one preceding symbol, the rule for Hangul syllable blocks with a Bangjeom can be expressed as regular expressions as the followings. 1) A modern Hangul syllable block possibly with a Bangjeom: S M? 2) An old Hangul syllable block possibly with a Bangjeom: L V T? M? Since Bangjeoms are used as combining marks in UCS, when processing Hangul syllable blocks, Bangjeoms are processed separately. 6 Normalization of Hangul 6.1 Normalization of Hangul Code In UCS, some characters can be represented by different binary representation (using a composite sequence or not). In other words, since there can be more than one equivalent representation for representing one and the same character, searching, sorting, comparing and other operations become more complicated. Four normalization forms, NFC, NFD, NFKC and NFKD which returns a unique binary expression for any equivalent expression are defined in UAX #15. The same normalization process also applies to Hangul. For example, applications can use Wanseong Hangul syllable blocks and Johab Hangul syllable blocks inside it after transforming them using Normalization process. However, to solve the Hangul incompatibility problem which can arise from the above normalization process, it is recommended to follow Sections 6.2 to 6.4. For related processing algorithms, refer to Annex B. 5

14 6.2 Normalization of Compatibility and Halfwidth Hangul Letters In UCS, Compatibility and Halfwidth Hangul letters are specified not to be concatenated to make up a syllable. However, if these letters are transformed to Johab Hangul letter without a filler character in Normalization Form NFKD, then these letters and a preceding or following Hangul syllable block can be transformed to a Wanseong Hangul syllable block in Normalization Form NFKC. Therefore, when transforming Compatibility and Halfwidth Hangul letters to Normalization Form NFKD or NFKC, it is recommended to put a filler character so that these letters can be processed as a correct Hangul syllable block. Table 1. An example showing a non-recommended Normalization Table 2. An example showing a recommended Normalization 6.3 Normalization of Hangul-embedded symbols Several symbols, so-called parenthesized Hangul Jamo and syllable blocks and circled Hangul Jamo and syllable blocks, are included in Enclosed CJK Letters and Months U+3200 ~ U+32FF. The Hangul letters embedded in these symbols are also transformed to Johab Hangul letter without a filler character in Normalization Forms NFKD and NFKC. When transforming these Hangul-embedded symbols to Normalization Form NFKD or NFKC, it is recommended to put a filler character so that these letters can be processed as a correct Hangul syllable block. Table 3. An example showing a non-recommended Normalization Table 4. An example showing a recommended Normalization 6.4 Normalization of Hangul syllable blocks In character strings of a text using only modern Hangul, Hangul syllable blocks are processed correctly by applying existing Normalization processes. However, in character strings containing old Hangul, if syllable-initial and syllable-peak letters are modern Hangul letters and a syllable-final letter is an old Hangul letter, then, in NFC and NFKC, syllable-initial and syllable-peak letters are transformed to a Wanseong Hangul syllable block and a syllable-final letter can remain alone. Therefore, even in this case, we need to process the old Hangul syllable block in a correct form, that is, as a sequence of syllable-initial, syllable-peak and syllable-final Hangul letters. 6

15 Table 5. An example showing a non-recommended Normalization Table 6. An example showing a recommended Normalization 7 Splitting into Hangul syllable blocks 7.1 Splitting into Hangul syllable blocks According to the representation format of Hangul in Section 5, we define methods to correctly split a given character string into Hangul letters (7.2), modern Hangul syllable block (7.2) and old Hangul syllable block (7.3). Note. We call the position between two consecutive Hangul syllable blocks (including not only complete and incomplete syllable blocks but also improper Hangul syllable blocks) a syllable block boundary. 7.2 Splitting rules for Modern Hangul syllable blocks There are always syllable block boundaries right before and right after a Wanseong Hangul syllable block, a Hangul Compatibility letter and a Halfwidth Hangul letter. Wanseong Hangul syllable blocks representing modern Hangul syllable blocks, Hangul Compatibility Letters and Halfwidth Hangul letters are processed as separate Hangul syllable blocks; they are never concatenated with preceding and/or following Hangul syllable blocks or Hangul letters and are never decomposed to be concatenated with other Hangul syllable blocks. 7.3 Splitting rules for Old Hangul syllable blocks Hangul letters other than Wanseong Hangul syllable block, Hangul Compatibility Letter and Halfwidth Hangul letter are grouped into Hangul syllable blocks. Splitting rules for old Hangul syllable blocks are related with rules in Section 5.3. Assuming that syllable-initial filler and syllable-final filler characters used for incomplete Hangul syllable blocks are considered as syllable-initial and syllable-peak letters, respectively, Hangul syllable blocks represented using a filler character follow rules shown below. The symbol ' ' indicates that there must be no syllable block boundary in the middle of a Hangul syllable block. 1) L V: There is no syllable block boundary between consecutive syllable-initial (L) and syllable-peak letters (V). 2) L V T: When there is a sequence of syllable-initial, syllable-peak and syllable-final letters, there is no syllable block boundary between syllable-peak (V) and syllable-final letters (T). 3) V T: There is no syllable block boundary between syllable-peak (V) and syllable-final letters (T). 7

16 Therefore, after splitting rules are applied, each Johab Hangul syllable block must be in the form of L V T?. In other words, it must be in the form of either L V or L V T and must not be split into two or more Hangul syllable blocks. 7.4 A summary of splitting rules for Hangul syllable blocks Splitting rules for Hangul syllable blocks between Johab Hangul letters and other characters are summarized in Table 7. Table 7. Rules of splitting into Hangul syllable blocks (grapheme break chart) Other Extend L V T S Other Extend L V T S S : modern Hangul syllable blocks (U+AC00 ~ U+D7A3) : a syllable block boundary : no syllable block boundary Extend : combining characters including Bangjeom Other : UCS characters other than S, L, V, T and Extend Examples showing how a character string is split into syllable blocks by applying the splitting rules are given in Table 8. No Table 8 Examples of splitting a character string into syllable blocks A character string Split into syllable blocks (before applying a Filler character) 1 LVTLVLVLV F L F VL F V F T LVT LV LV LV F L F V L F V F T 2 LLTTVVTTVVLLVV L L T T V VT T V V L LV V 3 LLV F L F V F TTL F VVTTL F VVLLVV L LV F L F V F T T L F V VT T L F V V L LV V Note: The character ' ' indicates a syllable block boundary. 7.5 Pulling out a Hangul Syllable Block starting at the Syllable Block Boundary of a given character string Rules to pull out a Hangul syllable block starting either at the beginning of or at the syllable block boundary of the given character string are as follows. However, non-hangul characters shall follow the splitting rules of syllable blocks of the script to which these characters belong. Note. In the explanations below, SIL stands for syllable-initial letter, SPL for syllable-peak letter and SPL for syllable-final letter. 8 1) If the current character is an Hangul syllable block (S), then pull out S. 2) If the current character is an SIL (L), then check the next character. A. If the next character is an SPL (V), then check the second next character. i. If the second next character is an SPL (T), then pull out L V T.

17 ii. If the second next character is not an SPL (T), then pull out L V. B. If the next character is not an SPL (V), then pull out L. 3) If the current character is an SPL (V), then check the next character. A. If the next character is an SFL (T), then pull out V T. B. If the next character is not an SFL (T), then pull out V. 4) If the current character is an SFL (T), then pull out T. 5) If the current character is any other character, then pull out the character. 7.6 A forward search of a syllable block boundary in a Hangul character string Starting at an arbitrary character position, rules to find the next syllable block boundary in the forward direction in the given character string are as follows. If we start in the middle of a Hangul syllable block, we will find the syllable block boundary between the current and the next Hangul syllable blocks. 1) If the current character is an SIL (L), then check the next character. A. If the next character is an SPL (V), then check the second next character. i. If the second next character is an SFL (T), then there is a syllable block boundary between T and the following character. ii. If the second next character is not an SFL (T), then there is a syllable block boundary between V and the following character. 2) If the current character is an SPL (V), then check the next character. A. If the next character is an SFL (T), then there is a syllable block boundary between T and the following character. B. If the next character is not an SFL (T), then there is a syllable block boundary between V and the following character. 3) If the current character is any other character, then there is a syllable block boundary between the current character and the following character. 7.7 A backward search of a syllable block boundary in a Hangul character string Starting at an arbitrary character position, rules to find the previous syllable block boundary in the backward direction in the given character string are as follows. If we start in the middle of a Hangul syllable block, we will find the syllable block boundary between the current and the previous Hangul syllable blocks. 1) The starting character becomes the current character. 2) If the current character is an SFL (T), then check the previous character. A. If the previous character is an SFL (V), then check the second previous character i. If the second previous character is an SIL (L), then there is a syllable block boundary between L and the preceding character. ii. If the second previous character is not an SFL (T), then there is a syllable block boundary between V and the preceding character. 3) If the current character is an SPL (V), then check the previous character. A. If the previous character is an SIL (L), then there is a syllable block boundary between L and the preceding character. B. If the previous character is not an SIL (L), then there is a syllable block boundary between V and the preceding character. 4) If the current character is any other character, then there is a syllable block boundary between the current character and the preceding character. 7.8 Processing Hangul syllable blocks not conforming to the representation format When splitting rules are applied to a character string not following the representation format in Section 5.3, there can be Improper Hangul syllable blocks not in L V T? format. In such cases, we transform 9

18 them using Filler characters as follows: 1) L L V F 2) V L F V 3) V T L F V T 4) T L F V F T When we apply the above rules to the character strings in Table 8, we get the results shown in Table 9. No Table 9. Examples processing Improper Hangul syllable blocks Character strings (before applying a Filler character) Transformed character strings (after applying a Filler character) 1 LVT LV LV LV F L F V L F V F T LVT LV LV LV F L F V L F V F T 2 L L T T V VT T V V L LV V LV F LV F L F V F T L F V F T L F V L F VT L F V F T L F V L F V LV F LV L F V 3 L LV F L F V F T T L F V VT T L F V V L LV V LV F LV F L F V F T L F V F T L F V L F VT L F V F T L F V L F V LV F LV L F V 8 Sorting Hangul characters 8.1 The order and names of Hangul Letters The order and names of modern Hangul letters for the purpose of sorting Hangul follow Hangul Orthography. The order and names of letters including old Hangul letters in glyph-based order are as follows. 1) The order and names of Hangul Consonant Letters ㄱ (KIYEOK), ㄴ (NIEUN), ㄷ (TIKEUT), ㄹ (RIEUL), ᄛ(KAPYEOUNRIEUL), ㅁ (MIEUM), ᄝ(KAPYEOUNMIEUM), ㅂ (PIEUP), ᄫ(KAPYEOUNSSANGPIEUP), ㅅ (SIOS), ᄼ(CHITUEUMSIOS), ᄾ(CEONGCHIEUMSIOS), ᅀ(PANSIOS), ㅇ (IEUNG), ᅌ(YESIEUNG), ㅈ (CIEUC), ᅎ(CHITUEUMCIEUC), ᅐ(CEONGCHIEUMCIEUC), ㅊ (CHIEUCH), ᅔ(CHITUEUMCHIEUCH), ᅕ(CEONGCHIEUMCHIEUCH), ㅋ (KHIEUKH), ㅌ (THIEUTH), ㅍ (PHIEUPH), ᅗ(KAPYEOUNPHIEUPH), ㅎ (HIEUH), ᅙ(YEORINHIEUH) 2) The order and names of Hangul Vowel Letters ㅏ (A), ㅑ (YA), ㅓ (EO), ㅕ (YEO), ㅗ (O), ㅛ (YO), ㅜ (U), ㅠ (YU), ㅡ (EU), ㅣ (I), ᆞ(ARAEA) Complex letters not listed above can be ordered based on the their glyphs as with their corresponding simple letters. The code positions and names of all Hangul Letters encoded in ISO/IEC 10646: 2003 and ISO/IEC 10646: 2003 Amendment 5 are shown in Annex A. 8.2 The order and names of changed letters 10

19 The names of four Hangul letters U+11EC ~ U+11EF are changed by way of annotations in ISO/IEC 10646: Amendment 5, as shown in Table 10. Table 10. Hangul Letters whose names are changed. This was to change the incorrect names of Old Hangul letters beginning with ㅇ (IEUNG) to names beginning with ᅌ (YESIEUNG). These four letters need be implemented and processed by treating that they do not belong to ㅇ (IEUNG) but belong to ᅌ (YESIEUNG). Therefore, when we make a font, their glyphs should be ᅌ (YESIEUNG) and, in sorting, their order should be after ᅌ (IEUNG). 8.3 Sorting order of Hangul letters and Hangul syllable blocks Basically, sorting order used in a Korean dictionary is as follows: among Hangul letters and Hangul syllable blocks, the first Hangul consonant letter (i.e., KIYEOK) come first, then Hangul syllable blocks beginning with the first Hangul consonant letter come, then the second Hangul consonant letter (i.e., NIEUN) come, then Hangul syllable blocks beginning with the second Hangul consonant letter come,..., and then finally come vowel letters. 1) An example having only Hangul letters and modern Hangul syllable blocks: (the last modern Hangul syllable block), 2) An example having Hangul letters and all Hangul syllable blocks including old Hangul syllable blocks: (the last old Hangul syllable block), 8.4 Sorting order of various types of Hangul letters and Hangul syllable blocks Various types of Hangul letters in UCS are sorted together with Hangul syllable blocks. The letters of those types are sorted according to the sorting order of each of Hangul letters, Hangul-embedded symbols and Hangul syllable blocks. However, since there is no recognized specification such as a standard or Gosi(Technical regulations) regarding the sorting order depending on the type of letters, in this standard, the following order is recommended as an example. Note. The format used below is: an explanation of the character: a UCS code position, a glyph, then in the following line, a UCS character name (annotation) 1) Johab Hangul Syllable-initial Letter: U+1100 ᄀ HANGUL CHOSEONG KIYEOK (g) 11

20 2) Johab Hangul Syllable-final Letter: U+11A8 HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK (g) 3) Halfwidth Hangul Consonant Letter: U+FFA1 ㄱ HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER KIYEOK 4) Hangul Compatibility Consonant Letter: U+3131 ㄱ HANGUL LETTER KIYEOK 5) Parenthesized Hangul Consonant Letter: U+3200 PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KIYEOK 6) Circled Hangul Consonant Letter: U+3260 ᄀ CIRCLED HANGUL KIYEOK 7) Hangul Syllable: U+AC00 가 HANGUL SYLLABLE GA 8) Parenthesized Hangul Syllable GA: U+320E PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KIYEOK A 9) Circled Hangul Syllable GA: U+326E 가 CIRCLED HANGUL KIYEOK A 8.5 Hangul Sorting Algorithm Refer to Annex C for an algorithm to sort Hangul letters, Hangul-embedded symbols, and Hangul syllable blocks. 12

21 KS X 1100 : 2007 KS X : 2007 Annex A Tables of Hangul Letters and Names A.1 Tables of Hangul Letters and Names A.1.1 Tables of Johab Hangul Letters and Names 1) Hangul Letters in Hangul Jamo U+1100 ~ U+11FF in UCS are shown in Table A.1. 2) Hangul Letters in Hangul Jamo Extended-A U+A960 ~ U+A97F in UCS are shown in Table A.2. 3) Hangul Letters in Hangul Jamo Extended-B U+D7B0 ~ U+D7FF in UCS are shown in Table A.2. A.1.2 Hangul Compatibility Letters and Halfwidth Hangul Letters 1) Hangul Letters in Hangul Compatibility Jamo U+3131 ~ U+318E in UCS are shown in Table A.3. 2) Hangul-embedded symbols (Parenthesized/Circled Hangul Letters and Syllable Blocks) in Enclosed CJK Letters and Months U+3200 ~ U+32FF in UCS are shown in Table A.3. 3) Halfwidth Hangul Letters in Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms U+FFA0 ~ U+FFDC in UCS are shown in Table A.3. 13

22 Table A Hangul Jamo 11FF A 11B 11C 11D 11E 11F 0 ᄀ ᄐ ᄠ ᄰ ᅀ ᅐ ᅠ ᅰ ᆀ ᆐ ᆠ ᆰ ᇀ ᇐ ᇠ ᇰ A0 11B0 11C0 11D0 11E0 11F0 1 ᄁ ᄑ ᄡ ᄱ ᅁ ᅑ ᅡ ᅱ ᆁ ᆑ ᆡ ᆱ ᇁ ᇑ ᇡ ᇱ A1 11B1 11C1 11D1 11E1 11F1 2 ᄂ ᄒ ᄢ ᄲ ᅂ ᅒ ᅢ ᅲ ᆂ ᆒ ᆢ ᆲ ᇂ ᇒ ᇢ ᇲ A2 11B2 11C2 11D2 11E2 11F2 3 ᄃ ᄓ ᄣ ᄳ ᅃ ᅓ ᅣ ᅳ ᆃ ᆓ ᆣ ᆳ ᇃ ᇓ ᇣ ᇳ A3 11B3 11C3 11D3 11E3 11F3 4 ᄄ ᄔ ᄤ ᄴ ᅄ ᅔ ᅤ ᅴ ᆄ ᆔ ᆤ ᆴ ᇄ ᇔ ᇤ ᇴ A4 11B4 11C4 11D4 11E4 11F4 5 ᄅ ᄕ ᄥ ᄵ ᅅ ᅕ ᅥ ᅵ ᆅ ᆕ ᆥ ᆵ ᇅ ᇕ ᇥ ᇵ A5 11B5 11C5 11D5 11E5 11F5 6 ᄆ ᄖ ᄦ ᄶ ᅆ ᅖ ᅦ ᅶ ᆆ ᆖ ᆦ ᆶ ᇆ ᇖ ᇦ ᇶ A6 11B6 11C6 11D6 11E6 11F6 7 ᄇ ᄗ ᄧ ᄷ ᅇ ᅗ ᅧ ᅷ ᆇ ᆗ ᆧ ᆷ ᇇ ᇗ ᇧ ᇷ A7 11B7 11C7 11D7 11E7 11F7 8 ᄈ ᄘ ᄨ ᄸ ᅈ ᅘ ᅨ ᅸ ᆈ ᆘ ᆨ ᆸ ᇈ ᇘ ᇨ ᇸ A8 11B8 11C8 11D8 11E8 11F8 9 ᄉ ᄙ ᄩ ᄹ ᅉ ᅙ ᅩ ᅹ ᆉ ᆙ ᆩ ᆹ ᇉ ᇙ ᇩ ᇹ A9 11B9 11C9 11D9 11E9 11F9 A ᄊ ᄚ ᄪ ᄺ ᅊ ᅚ ᅪ ᅺ ᆊ ᆚ ᆪ ᆺ ᇊ ᇚ ᇪ ᇺ 110A 111A 112A 113A 114A 115A 116A 117A 118A 119A 11AA 11BA 11CA 11DA 11EA 11FA B ᄋ ᄛ ᄫ ᄻ ᅋ ᅛ ᅫ ᅻ ᆋ ᆛ ᆫ ᆻ ᇋ ᇛ ᇫ ᇻ 110B 111B 112B 113B 114B 115B 116B 117B 118B 119B 11AB 11BB 11CB 11DB 11EB 11FB C ᄌ ᄜ ᄬ ᄼ ᅌ ᅜ ᅬ ᅼ ᆌ ᆜ ᆬ ᆼ ᇌ ᇜ ᇬ ᇼ 110C 111C 112C 113C 114C 115C 116C 117C 118C 119C 11AC 11BC 11CC 11DC 11EC 11FC D ᄍ ᄝ ᄭ ᄽ ᅍ ᅝ ᅭ ᅽ ᆍ ᆝ ᆭ ᆽ ᇍ ᇝ ᇭ ᇽ 110D 111D 112D 113D 114D 115D 116D 117D 118D 119D 11AD 11BD 11CD 11DD 11ED 11FD E ᄎ ᄞ ᄮ ᄾ ᅎ ᅞ ᅮ ᅾ ᆎ ᆞ ᆮ ᆾ ᇎ ᇞ ᇮ ᇾ 110E 111E 112E 113E 114E 115E 116E 117E 118E 119E 11AE 11BE 11CE 11DE 11EE 11FE F ᄏ ᄟ ᄯ ᄿ ᅏ ᅟ ᅯ ᅿ ᆏ ᆟ ᆯ ᆿ ᇏ ᇟ ᇯ ᇿ 110F 111F 112F 113F 114F 115F 116F 117F 118F 119F 11AF 11BF 11CF 11DF 11EF 11FF 14

23 Table A.1 부호문자명칭부호문자명칭 ᄀ 1100 한글초성기역 1116 한글초성니은-비읍 HANGUL CHOSEONG KIYEOK HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN-PIEUP ᄁ 1101 한글초성쌍기역 1117 한글초성디귿-기역 HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGKIYEOK HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-KIYEOK ᄂ 1102 한글초성니은 1118 한글초성리을-니은 HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-NIEUN ᄃ 1103 한글초성디귿 1119 한글초성쌍리을 HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGRIEUL ᄄ 1104 한글초성쌍디귿 111A 한글초성리을-히읗 HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGTIKEUT HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-HIEUH ᄅ 1105 한글초성리을 111B 한글초성가벼운리을 HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL HANGUL CHOSEONG KAPYEOUNRIEUL ᄆ 1106 한글초성미음 111C 한글초성미음-비읍 HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM-PIEUP ᄇ 1107 한글초성비읍 111D 한글초성가벼운미음 HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP HANGUL CHOSEONG KAPYEOUNMIEUM ᄈ 1108 한글초성쌍비읍 111E 한글초성비읍-기역 HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGPIEUP HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-KIYEOK ᄉ 1109 한글초성시옷 111F 한글초성비읍-니은 HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-NIEUN ᄊ 110A 한글초성쌍시옷 1120 한글초성비읍-디귿 HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGSIOS HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-TIKEUT ᄋ 110B 한글초성이응 1121 한글초성비읍-시옷 HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-SIOS ᄌ 110C 한글초성지읒 1122 한글종성비읍-시옷-기역 HANGUL CHOSEONG CIEUC HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP-SIOS-KIYEOK 110D 한글초성쌍지읒 1123 한글종성비읍-시옷-디귿 ᄍ ᄣ HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGCIEUC HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP-SIOS-TIKEUT 110E 한글초성치읓 1124 한글종성비읍-시옷-비읍 ᄎ ᄤ HANGUL CHOSEONG CHIEUCH HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP-SIOS-PIEUP 110F 한글초성키읔 1125 한글초성비읍-쌍시옷 ᄏ ᄥ HANGUL CHOSEONG KHIEUKH HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-SSANGSIOS 1110 한글초성티읕 1126 한글종성비읍-시옷-지읒 ᄐ ᄦ HANGUL CHOSEONG THIEUTH HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP-SIOS-CIEUC 1111 한글초성피읖 1127 한글초성비읍-지읒 ᄑ ᄧ HANGUL CHOSEONG PHIEUPH HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-CIEUC 1112 한글초성히읗 1128 한글초성비읍-치읓 ᄒ ᄨ HANGUL CHOSEONG HIEUH HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-CHIEUCH 1113 한글초성니은-기역 1129 한글초성비읍-티읕 ᄓ ᄩ HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN-KIYEOK HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-THIEUTH 1114 한글초성쌍니은 112A 한글초성비읍-피읖 ᄔ ᄪ HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGNIEUN HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-PHIEUPH 1115 한글초성니은-디귿 112B 한글초성가벼운비읍 ᄕ ᄫ HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN-TIKEUT HANGUL CHOSEONG KAPYEOUNPIEUP ᄖ ᄗ ᄘ ᄙ ᄚ ᄛ ᄜ ᄝ ᄞ ᄟ ᄠ ᄡ ᄢ 15

24 Table A.1 부호문자명칭부호문자명칭 112C ᄬ 한글초성가벼운쌍비읍 1141 ᅁ 한글초성이응 - 기역 HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-KIYEOK 1142 한글초성이응-디귿 ᅂ 112D 한글초성시옷-기역 HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-TIKEUT ᄭ HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-KIYEOK 1143 한글초성이응-미음 ᅃ 112E ᄮ 한글초성시옷-니은 HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-MIEUM HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-NIEUN 1144 ᅄ 한글초성이응-비읍 112F ᄯ 한글초성시옷-디귿 HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-PIEUP HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-TIKEUT 1145 ᅅ 한글초성이응-시옷 1130 ᄰ 한글초성시옷-리을 HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-SIOS HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-RIEUL 1146 ᅆ 한글초성이응-반시옷 1131 ᄱ 한글초성시옷-미음 HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-PANSIOS HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-MIEUM 1147 ᅇ 한글초성쌍이응 1132 ᄲ 한글초성시옷-비읍 HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGIEUNG HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-PIEUP 1148 ᅈ 한글초성이응-지읒 1133 ᄳ 한글초성시옷-비읍 HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-CIEUC HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-PIEUP 1149 ᅉ 한글초성이응-치읓 1134 ᄴ 한글초성시옷-쌍시옷 HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-CHIEUCH HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-SSANGSIOS 114A ᅊ 한글초성이응-티읕 1135 ᄵ 한글초성시옷-이응 HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-THIEUTH HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-IEUNG 114B ᅋ 한글초성이응-피읖 1136 ᄶ 한글초성시옷-지읒 HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-PHIEUPH HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-CIEUC 114C ᅌ 한글초성옛이응 1137 ᄷ 한글초성시옷-치읓 HANGUL CHOSEONG YESIEUNG HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-CHIEUCH 114D ᅍ 한글초성지읒-이응 1138 ᄸ 한글초성시옷-키읔 HANGUL CHOSEONG CIEUC-IEUNG HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-KHIEUKH 114E ᅎ 한글초성치두음지읒 1139 ᄹ 한글초성시옷-티읕 HANGUL CHOSEONG CHITUEMCIEUC HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-THIEUTH 114F 한글초성치두음쌍지읒 ᅏ 113A ᄺ HANGUL CHOSEONG KAPYEOUNSSANGPIEUP 한글초성시옷 - 피읖 HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-PHIEUPH 113B ᄻ 한글초성시옷 - 히읗 1150 ᅐ HANGUL CHOSEONG SIOS-HIEUH 113C ᄼ 한글초성치두음시옷 1151 ᅑ 한글초성정치음지읒 HANGUL CHOSEONG CEONGCHIEUMCIEUC 한글초성정치음쌍지읒 HANGUL CHOSEONG CHITUEMSIOS HANGUL CHOSEONG CEONGCHIEUMSSANGCIEUC 113D 한글초성치두음쌍시옷 ᄽ HANGUL CHOSEONG CHITUEMSSANGSIOS 1152 한글초성치읓-키읔 ᅒ 113E ᄾ 한글초성정치음시옷 HANGUL CHOSEONG CHIEUCH-KHIEUKH HANGUL CHOSEONG CEONGCHIEUMSIOS 1153 한글초성치읓-히읗 ᅓ 113F ᄿ 한글초성정치음쌍시옷 HANGUL CHOSEONG CHIEUCH-HIEUH HANGUL CHOSEONG 1154 한글초성치두음치읓 CEONGCHIEUMSSANGSIOS ᅔ HANGUL CHOSEONG CHITUEMCHIEUCH ᅀ 1140 한글초성반시옷 HANGUL CHOSEONG PANSIOS HANGUL CHOSEONG CHITUEMSSANGCIEUC 16

25 Table A.1 부호문자명칭부호문자명칭 1155 한글초성정치음치읓 116A 한글중성와 ᅕ ᅪ HANGUL CHOSEONG HANGUL JUNGSEONG WA CEONGCHIEUMCHIEUCH 116B 한글중성왜 ᅫ 1156 ᅖ 한글초성피읖-비읍 HANGUL JUNGSEONG WAE HANGUL CHOSEONG PHIEUPH-PIEUP 116C 한글중성외 ᅬ 1157 ᅗ 한글초성가벼운피읖 HANGUL JUNGSEONG OE HANGUL CHOSEONG KAPYEOUNPHIEUPH 116D 한글중성요 ᅭ 1158 ᅘ 한글초성쌍히읗 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO HANGUL CHOSEONG 116E 한글중성우 ᅮ 1159 ᅙ 한글초성여린히읗 HANGUL JUNGSEONG U HANGUL CHOSEONG YEORINHIEUH 116F 한글중성워 ᅯ 115A 한글초성기역-디귿 HANGUL JUNGSEONG WEO ᅚ HANGUL CHOSEONG KIYEOK-TIKEUT 1170 한글중성웨 ᅰ 115B ᅛ 한글초성니은-시옷 HANGUL JUNGSEONG WE HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN-SIOS 1171 한글중성위 ᅱ 115C ᅜ 한글초성니은-지읒 HANGUL JUNGSEONG WI HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN-CIEUC 1172 한글중성유 ᅲ 115D 한글초성니은-히읗 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU ᅝ HANGUL CHOSEONG NIEUN-HIEUH 1173 한글중성으 ᅳ 115E ᅞ 한글초성디귿-리을 HANGUL JUNGSEONG EU HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-RIEUL 1174 한글중성의 ᅴ 115F 한글초성채움 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YI ᅟ HANGUL CHOSEONG FILLER 1175 한글중성이 ᅵ HANGUL JUNGSEONG I ᅠ 1160 한글중성채움 1176 한글중성아-오 HANGUL JUNGSEONG FILLER HANGUL JUNGSEONG A-O ᅡ 1161 한글중성아 1177 한글중성아-우 HANGUL JUNGSEONG A HANGUL JUNGSEONG A-U ᅢ 1162 한글중성애 1178 한글중성야-오 HANGUL JUNGSEONG AE HANGUL JUNGSEONG YA-O ᅣ 1163 한글중성야 1179 한글중성야-요 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YA HANGUL JUNGSEONG YA-YO ᅤ 1164 한글중성얘 117A 한글중성어-오 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YAE HANGUL JUNGSEONG EO-O ᅥ 1165 한글중성어 117B 한글중성어-우 HANGUL JUNGSEONG EO HANGUL JUNGSEONG EO-U ᅦ 1166 한글중성에 117C 한글중성어-으 HANGUL JUNGSEONG E HANGUL JUNGSEONG EO-EU ᅧ 1167 한글중성여 117D 한글중성여-오 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YEO HANGUL JUNGSEONG YEO-O ᅨ 1168 한글중성예 117E 한글중성여-우 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YE HANGUL JUNGSEONG YEO-U ᅩ ᅶ ᅷ ᅸ ᅹ ᅺ ᅻ ᅼ ᅽ ᅾ ᅿ 1169 한글중성오 117F 한글중성오-어 HANGUL JUNGSEONG O HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-EO 17

26 Table A.1 부호문자명칭부호문자명칭 ᆀ 1180 한글중성오-에 1196 한글중성쌍으 HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-E HANGUL JUNGSEONG SSANGEU ᆁ 1181 한글중성오-예 1197 한글중성의-우 HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-YE HANGUL JUNGSEONG YI-U ᆂ 1182 한글중성쌍오 1198 한글중성이-아 HANGUL JUNGSEONG SSANGO HANGUL JUNGSEONG I-A ᆃ 1183 한글중성오-우 1199 한글중성이-야 HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-U HANGUL JUNGSEONG I-YA ᆄ 1184 한글중성요-야 119A 한글중성이-오 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-YA HANGUL JUNGSEONG I-O ᆅ 1185 한글중성요-얘 119B 한글중성이-우 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-YAE HANGUL JUNGSEONG I-U ᆆ 1186 한글중성요-여 119C 한글중성이-으 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-YEO HANGUL JUNGSEONG I-EU ᆇ 1187 한글중성요-오 119D 한글중성이-아래아 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-O HANGUL JUNGSEONG I-ARAEA ᆈ 1188 한글중성요-이 119E 한글중성아래아 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-I HANGUL JUNGSEONG ARAEA ᆉ 1189 한글중성우-아 119F 한글중성아래아-어 HANGUL JUNGSEONG U-A HANGUL JUNGSEONG ARAEA-EO ᆊ 118A 한글중성우-애 11A0 한글중성아래아-우 HANGUL JUNGSEONG U-AE HANGUL JUNGSEONG ARAEA-U ᆋ 118B 한글종성우-어-으 11A1 한글중성아래아-이 HANGUL JONGSEONG U-EO-EU HANGUL JUNGSEONG ARAEA-I ᆌ 118C 한글중성유-예 11A2 한글중성쌍아래아 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-YE HANGUL JUNGSEONG SSANGARAEA ᆍ 118D 한글중성쌍우 11A3 한글중성아-으 HANGUL JUNGSEONG SSANGU HANGUL JUNGSEONG A-EU ᆎ 118E 한글중성유-아 11A4 한글중성야-우 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-A HANGUL JUNGSEONG YA-U ᆏ 118F 한글중성유-어 11A5 한글중성여-야 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-EO HANGUL JUNGSEONG YEO-YA ᆐ 1190 한글중성유-에 11A6 한글중성오-야 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-E HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-YA ᆑ 1191 한글중성유-여 11A7 한글중성오-얘 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-YEO HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-YAE ᆒ 1192 한글중성유-예 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-YE ᆓ 1193 한글중성유-우 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-U ᆔ 1194 한글중성유-이 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-I ᆕ 1195 한글중성으-우 HANGUL JUNGSEONG EU-U ᆖ ᆗ ᆘ ᆙ ᆚ ᆛ ᆜ ᆝ ᆞ ᆟ ᆠ ᆡ ᆢ ᆣ ᆤ ᆥ ᆦ ᆧ 18

27 Table A.1 부호문자명칭부호문자명칭 11A8 한글종성기역 11BE 한글종성치읓 HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK HANGUL JONGSEONG CHIEUCH 11A9 한글종성쌍기역 11BF 한글종성키읔 HANGUL JONGSEONG SSANGKIYEOK HANGUL JONGSEONG KHIEUKH 11AA 한글종성기역-시옷 11C0 한글종성티읕 HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-SIOS HANGUL JONGSEONG THIEUTH 11AB 한글종성니은 11C1 한글종성피읖 HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN HANGUL JONGSEONG PHIEUPH 11AC 한글종성니은-지읒 11C2 한글종성히읗 HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-CIEUC HANGUL JONGSEONG HIEUH 11AD 한글종성니은-히읗 11C3 한글종성기역-리을 HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-HIEUH HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-RIEUL 11AE 한글종성디귿 ᆮ HANGUL JONGSEONG TIKEUT 11C4 한글종성기역-시옷-기역 ᇄ HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-SIOS- KIYEOK 11AF 한글종성리을 ᆯ HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL 11C5 한글종성니은-기역 ᇅ 11B0 한글종성리을-기역 HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-KIYEOK ᆰ HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-KIYEOK 11C6 한글종성니은-디귿 ᇆ 11B1 한글종성리을-미음 HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-TIKEUT ᆱ HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-MIEUM 11C7 한글종성니은-시옷 ᇇ 11B2 한글종성리을-비읍 HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-SIOS ᆲ HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-PIEUP 11C8 한글종성니은-반시옷 ᇈ 11B3 한글종성리을-시옷 HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-PANSIOS ᆳ HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-SIOS 11C9 한글종성니은-티읕 ᇉ 11B4 한글종성리을-티읕 HANGUL JONGSEONG NIEUN-THIEUTH ᆴ HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-THIEUTH 11CA 한글종성디귿-기역 ᇊ 11B5 한글종성리을-피읖 HANGUL JONGSEONG TIKEUT-KIYEOK ᆵ HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-PHIEUPH 11CB 한글종성디귿-리을 ᇋ 11B6 한글종성리을-히읗 HANGUL JONGSEONG TIKEUT-RIEUL ᆶ HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-HIEUH 11CC 한글종성리을-기역-시옷 ᇌ 11B7 한글종성미음 HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-KIYEOK-SIOS ᆷ HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM 11CD 한글종성리을-니은 ᇍ 11B8 한글종성비읍 HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-NIEUN ᆸ HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP 11CE 한글종성리을-디귿 ᇎ 11B9 한글종성비읍-시옷 HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-TIKEUT ᆹ HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP-SIOS 11CF 한글종성리을-디귿-히읗 ᇏ 11BA 한글종성시옷 HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-TIKEUT- ᆺ HIEUH HANGUL JONGSEONG SIOS 11BB 한글종성쌍시옷 11D0 한글종성쌍리을 HANGUL JONGSEONG SSANGSIOS HANGUL JONGSEONG SSANGRIEUL 11BC 한글종성이응 11D1 한글종성리을-미음-기역 HANGUL JONGSEONG IEUNG 11BD ᆨ ᆩ ᆪ ᆫ ᆬ ᆭ ᆻ ᆼ ᆽ 한글종성지읒 HANGUL JONGSEONG CIEUC ᆾ ᆿ ᇀ ᇁ ᇂ ᇃ ᇐ ᇑ HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-MIEUM- KIYEOK 19

28 Table A.1 부호문자명칭부호문자명칭 ᇒ 11D2 한글종성리을-미음-시옷 11E7 한글종성시옷-기역 HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-MIEUM-SIOS HANGUL JONGSEONG SIOS-KIYEOK ᇓ 11D3 한글종성리을-비읍-시옷 11E8 한글종성시옷-디귿 HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-PIEUP-SIOS HANGUL JONGSEONG SIOS-TIKEUT ᇔ 11D4 한글종성리을-비읍-히읗 11E9 한글종성시옷-리을 HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-PIEUP-HIEUH HANGUL JONGSEONG SIOS-RIEUL ᇕ 11D5 한글종성리을-가벼운비읍 HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL- 11EA 한글종성시옷-비읍 HANGUL JONGSEONG SIOS-PIEUP KAPYEOUNPIEUP 11EB 한글중성반시옷 ᇫ 11D6 한글종성리을-쌍시옷 HANGUL JUNGSEONG PANSIOS ᇖ HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-SSANGSIOS 11EC 한글종성이응-기역 ( 옛이응-기역 ) ᇬ 11D7 한글중성리을-반시옷 HANGUL JONGSEONG IEUNG- ᇗ KIYEOK(YESIEUNG-KIYEOK) HANGUL JUNGSEONG RIEUL-PANSIOS ᇘ 11D8 한글종성리을-키읔 11ED 한글종성이응-쌍기역 ( 옛이응-쌍기역 ) HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL-KHIEUKH HANGUL JONGSEONG IEUNG- SSANGKIYEOK(YESIEUNG-SSANGKIYOEK) 11D9 한글종성리을-여린히읗 ᇙ HANGUL JONGSEONG RIEUL- 11EE 한글종성쌍이응 ( 쌍옛이응 ) YEORINHIEUH ᇮ HANGUL JONGSEONG SSANGIEUNG(SSANGYESIEUNG) 11DA 한글종성미음-기역 ᇚ HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-KIYEOK 11EF 한글종성이응-키읔 ( 옛이응-키읔 ) ᇯ 11DB 한글종성미음-리을 HANGUL JONGSEONG IEUNG- ᇛ KHIEUKH(YESIEUNG-KHIEUK) HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-RIEUL ᇜ 11DC 한글종성미음-비읍 11F0 한글종성옛이응 HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-PIEUP HANGUL JONGSEONG YESIEUNG ᇝ 11DD 한글종성미음-시옷 11F1 한글종성옛이응-시옷 HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-SIOS HANGUL JONGSEONG YESIEUNG-SIOS ᇞ 11DE 한글종성미음-쌍시옷 11F2 한글종성옛이응-반시옷 HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-SSANGSIOS HANGUL JONGSEONG YESIEUNG-PANSIOS ᇟ 11DF 한글중성미음-반시옷 11F3 한글종성피읖-리을 HANGUL JUNGSEONG MIEUM-PANSIOS HANGUL JONGSEONG PHIEUPH-RIEUL ᇠ 11E0 한글종성미음-치읓 11F4 한글종성가벼운피읖 HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-CHIEUCH HANGUL JONGSEONG KAPYEOUNPHIEUPH ᇡ 11E1 한글종성미음-히읗 11F5 한글종성히읗-니은 HANGUL JONGSEONG MIEUM-HIEUH HANGUL JONGSEONG HIEUH-NIEUN ᇢ 11E2 한글초성가벼운미음 11F6 한글종성히읗-리을 HANGUL CHOSEONG KAPYEOUNMIEUM HANGUL JONGSEONG HIEUH-RIEUL ᇣ 11E3 한글종성비읍-리을 11F7 한글종성히읗-미음 HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP-RIEUL HANGUL JONGSEONG HIEUH-MIEUM ᇤ 11E4 한글종성비읍-피읖 11F8 한글종성히읗-비읍 HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP-PHIEUPH HANGUL JONGSEONG HIEUH-PIEUP ᇥ 11E5 한글종성비읍-히읗 11F9 한글종성여린히읗 HANGUL JONGSEONG PIEUP-HIEUH HANGUL JONGSEONG YEORINHIEUH ᇦ 11E6 한글초성가벼운비읍 11FA 한글종성기역-니은 HANGUL CHOSEONG KAPYEOUNPIEUP HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-NIEUN ᇧ ᇨ ᇩ ᇪ ᇭ ᇰ ᇱ ᇲ ᇳ ᇴ ᇵ ᇶ ᇷ ᇸ ᇹ ᇺ 20

29 Table A.1 부호문자명칭부호문자명칭 11FB 11FC 11FD 11FE 11FF ᇻ ᇼ ᇽ ᇾ ᇿ 한글종성기역 - 비읍 HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-PIEUP 한글종성기역 - 치읓 HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-CHIEUCH 한글종성기역 - 키읔 HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-KHIEUKH 한글종성기역 - 히읗 HANGUL JONGSEONG KIYEOK-HIEUH 한글종성쌍니은 HANGUL JONGSEONG SSANGNIEUN 21

30 Table A.2 A960-A97C Hangul Jamo Extended-A, B D7B0-D7FB A96 A97 D7B D7C D7D D7E D7F 0 一日 0 ힰ ퟀ ퟐ ퟠ ퟰ A960 A970 D7B0 D7C0 D7D0 D7E0 D7F0 1 二株 1 ힱ ퟁ ퟑ ퟡ ퟱ A961 A971 D7B1 D7C1 D7D1 D7E1 D7F1 2 三有 2 ힲ ퟂ ퟒ ퟢ ퟲ A962 A972 D7B2 D7C2 D7D2 D7E2 D7F2 3 四社 3 ힳ ퟃ ퟓ ퟣ ퟳ A963 A973 D7B3 D7C3 D7D3 D7E3 D7F3 4 五名 4 ힴ ퟄ ퟔ ퟤ ퟴ A964 A974 D7B4 D7C4 D7D4 D7E4 D7F4 5 六特 5 ힵ ퟅ ퟕ ퟥ ퟵ A965 A975 D7B5 D7C5 D7D5 D7E5 D7F5 6 七財 6 ힶ ퟆ ퟖ ퟦ ퟶ A966 A976 D7B6 D7C6 D7D6 D7E6 D7F6 7 八祝 7 ힷ ퟗ ퟧ ퟷ A967 A977 D7B7 D7D7 D7E7 D7F7 8 九労 8 ힸ ퟘ ퟨ ퟸ A968 A978 D7B8 D7D8 D7E8 D7F8 9 十秘 9 ힹ ퟙ ퟩ ퟹ A969 A979 D7B9 D7D9 D7E9 D7F9 A 月男 A ힺ ퟚ ퟪ ퟺ A96A A97A D7BA D7DA D7EA D7FA B 火女 B ힻ ퟋ ퟛ ퟫ ퟻ A96B A97B D7BB D7CB D7DB D7EB D7FB C 水適 C ힼ ퟌ ퟜ ퟬ A96C A97C D7BC D7CC D7DC D7EC D 木 D ힽ ퟍ ퟝ ퟭ A96D D7BD D7CD D7DD D7ED E 金 E ힾ ퟎ ퟞ ퟮ A96E D7BE D7CE D7DE D7EE F 土 F ힿ ퟏ ퟟ ퟯ A96F D7BF D7CF D7DF D7EF 22

31 Table A.2 부호문자명칭부호문자명칭 A960 한글초성디귿-미음一 A975 한글초성쌍시옷-비읍特 HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-MIEUM HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGSIOS-PIEUP A961 한글초성디귿-비읍二 A976 한글초성이응-리을財 HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-PIEUP HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-RIEUL A962 한글초성디귿-시옷三 A977 한글초성이응-히읗祝 HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-SIOS HANGUL CHOSEONG IEUNG-HIEUH A963 한글초성디귿-지읒四 A978 한글초성쌍지읒-히읗労 HANGUL CHOSEONG TIKEUT-CIEUC HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGCIEUC-HIEUH A964 한글초성리을-기역五 A979 한글초성쌍티읕秘 HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-KIYEOK HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGTHIEUTH A965 한글초성리을-쌍기역六 A97A 한글초성피읖-히읗男 HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-SSANGKIYEOK HANGUL CHOSEONG PHIEUPH-HIEUH A966 한글초성리을-디귿七 A97B 한글초성히읗-시옷女 HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-TIKEUT HANGUL CHOSEONG HIEUH-SIOS A967 한글초성리을-쌍디귿八 A97C 한글초성쌍여린히읗適 HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-SSANGTIKEUT HANGUL CHOSEONG SSANGYEORINHIEUH A968 한글초성리을-미음九 HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-MIEUM D7B0 한글중성오-여 ힰ A969 한글초성리을-비읍 HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-YEO 十 HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-PIEUP D7B1 한글중성오-오-이 ힱ A96A 한글초성리을-쌍비읍 HANGUL JUNGSEONG O-O-I 月 HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-SSANGPIEUP D7B2 한글중성요-아 ힲ A96B 한글초성리을-가벼운비읍 HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-A 火 HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL- D7B3 한글중성요-애 KAPYEOUNPIEUP ힳ HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-AE A96C 한글초성리을-시옷 D7B4 한글중성요-어水 ힴ HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-SIOS HANGUL JUNGSEONG YO-EO A96D 한글초성리을-지읒 D7B5 한글중성우-여木 ힵ HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-CIEUC HANGUL JUNGSEONG U-YEO A96E 한글초성리을-키읔 D7B6 한글중성우-이-이金 ힶ HANGUL CHOSEONG RIEUL-KHIEUKH HANGUL JUNGSEONG U-I-I A96F 한글초성미음-기역 D7B7 한글중성유-애土 ힷ HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM-KIYEOK HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-AE A970 한글초성미음-디귿 D7B8 한글중성유-오日 ힸ HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM-TIKEUT HANGUL JUNGSEONG YU-O A971 한글초성미음-시옷 D7B9 한글중성으-아株 ힹ HANGUL CHOSEONG MIEUM-SIOS HANGUL JUNGSEONG EU-A A972 한글초성비읍-시옷-티읕 D7BA 한글중성으-어有 ힺ HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-SIOS-THIEUTH HANGUL JUNGSEONG EU-EO A973 한글초성비읍-키읔 D7BB 한글중성으-에社 ힻ HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-KHIEUKH HANGUL JUNGSEONG EU-E A974 한글초성비읍-히읗 D7BC 한글중성으-오名 ힼ HANGUL CHOSEONG PIEUP-HIEUH HANGUL JUNGSEONG EU-O 23