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3 1 9 1 13 1 13 2 14 2 17 1 17 1. 17 2. 18 2 21 1. 21 2. 22 3 24 1 24 1. 24 2. 27 3. 28 4. 30 5. BBC 31 6. BBC 33

4 2 39 1. 39 2. ( ) 41 3. 43 3 45 1. 45 2. ( ) 47 3. 49 4. 52 4 56 1. 56 2. NHK 57 3. 58 4. NHK 60 4 KBS EBS 69 1 KBS 69 1. 69 2. KBS 74 3. KBS 76 2 EBS 78 1. EBS 78 2. EBS 80 3 82 5 85

5 1. 85 2. 87 93

6 2 1 17 2 2 KBS 19 2 3 EBS 20 2 4 22 3 1 BBC 3 4 25 3 2 29 3 3 BBC 31 3 4 BBC 34 3 5 BBC 35 3 6 BBC 36 3 7 BBC / 36 3 8 BBC 38 3 9 BBC 39 3 10 2012/13 39 3 11 40 3 12 41 3 13 42 3 14 43 3 15 44 3 16 45 3 17 49 3 18 50

7 3 19 51 3 20 ARD 52 3 21 2012 54 3 22 ZDF 55 3 23 ZDF 56 3 24 59 3 25 NHK 59 3 26 NHK 61 3 27 NHK 63 3 28 NHK 65 3 29 NHK 65 3 30 NHK 66 3 31 NHK 67 4 1 KBS 2008 2009 70 4 2 KBS 2009 2012 72 4 3 KBS 2008 2012 (1) 74 4 4 KBS 2008 2012 (2) 77 4 5 EBS 2008 2012 (1) 79 4 6 EBS 2008 2012 (2) 81 5 1 2012 ARD, ZDF 88 5 2 2012 ARD, ZDF 89 5 3 NHK 90 5 4 NHK 90

8 3 1 BBC 26 3 2 BBC 27 3 3 BBC 28 4 1 KBS 75 4 2 EBS 80

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12 4 KBS EBS. KBS EBS,. KBS EBS. KBS 2010 EBS 2011. EBS KBS. 5.

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1 15. ARD, ZDF,,. (Rundfunkgebuehr) 2013 1 15 (Rundfunkbeitrag). 2 13,,,. (GEZ),. ARD ZDF. NHK( ). 3 64 NHK NHK. NHK 2004 7 NHK. NHK,,,,,,,,. 8) 4 KBS EBS. KBS EBS,. KBS EBS. KBS 2010 EBS 2011. EBS KBS 7) (2013), pp.175~191. 8) (2013), p.143.

16. 5.

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2 19 KBS. 67.. KBS. EBS, 19,,. 10,,. 2 2 KBS ( : ) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012. 12,741 12,931 13,803 14,437 15,190 1. 12,624 12,720 13,618 14,157 15,040 1) 5,468 5,575 5,689 5,779 5,851 2) 5,326 5,203 5,887 5,987 6,236 3) 40 2 29 3 113 4) 104 102 106 107 105 5) 1,686 1,838 1,907 2,281 2,735 2. 117 211 185 280 150 1) 18 19 36 16 2 2) 5 101 55 10 12 3) 94 91 94 254 136 : 2008~2011 KBS 2 2 2008 ~2012 KBS. 2012 1 5,190 5,851 38.5%. 2008 1 2,741 5,468 43%.

20. KBS 40%. 2 3 2008 2012 EBS. 2012 EBS 2,562 164 6.4%. 2008 1,724 153 8.9%. KBS,.. 2 3 EBS ( : ) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012. 1,724 1,873 2,376 2,532 2,562 1. 868 904 1,071 1,163 1,171 1) 153 156 159 162 164 2) 184 196 219 198 209 3) 196 203 304 377 341 4) 257 263 301 320 353 5) 78 86 88 106 104 2. 856 969 1,305 1,369 1,391 1) 624 712 1,016 1,032 991 2) 43 55 70 92 88 3) 133 163 173 185 244 4) 56 39 46 60 68 : 2008 2011 EBS

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3 25 4. 6 BBC,,. 3 1 BBC 3 4 BBC Royal Charter 3 4 3. The BBC s public nature and its objects (1) The BBC exists to serve the public interest. (2) The BBC s main object is the promotion of its Public Purposes. (3) In addition, the BBC may maintain, establish or acquire subsidiaries through which commercial activities may be undertaken to any extent permitted by a Frame work Agreement. (The BBC s general powers enable it to maintain, establish or acquire subsidiaries for purposes sufficiently connected with its Public Purposes see article 47(3) and (4)). 4. The Public Purposes The Public Purposes of the BBC are as follows - (a) sustaining citizenship and civil society; (b) promoting education and learning; (c) stimulating creativity and cultural excellence; (d) representing the UK, its nations, regions and communities; (e) bringing the UK to the world and the world to the UK; (f) in promoting its other purposes, helping to deliver to the public the benefit of emerging communications technologies and services and, in addition, taking a leading role in the switchover to digital television. : BBC(2012a) BBC BBC Trust BBC. BBC Trust BBC,,. BBC Trust,. BBC Trust ( 7 ). BBC Trust. BBC Trust BBC BBC Trust

26 BBC, BBC Trust ( 8 9 ). 12 38 BBC Trust. 3 1 BBC (Framework Agreement) BBC (Department of Culture, Media, and Sport). 19), BBC Trust BBC. BBC,,. BBC, ( 2007 1 1 ). 20) 19) DCMS(2006a) 20) (2012), p.47.

3 27 2. 2003 (Communication Act 2003) 4., 2003 21) 4 363,. BBC Ofcom. 2003 364 BBC, TV BBC ( 4 365 ). ( 4 368 ). TV Licensing 22),, DVD/ Video. 23) 3 2 BBC 21) legislation.gov.uk(2003) 22) TV 23) TV Licensing(2013)

28 BBC 75 BBC. 75 1 BBC. 75 2 BBC, BBC World service Commercial Service( ),, pay-per-view. (net Licence Revenue) 2003 365 BBC (the Consolidated Fund) ( 75 12 ). BBC. 24) 3 3 BBC 3. 1922 11 10. 1946 6 TV 24) BBC(2006a)

3 29, 1971 2. 1968 TV TV ( 5, 5 10 ). 1988 2010. 2010 4 1, TV 145.50, TV 49 2016. 75,. 25) 3 2 TV( ) TV( ) November 1922 10s June 1946 1 2 June 1954 1 3 August 1957 1 4 October 1963 1 4 August 1965 1 5s 5 January 1968 1 5s 5 10 January 1969 1 5s 6 11 July 1971 7 12 April 1975 8 18 July 1977 9 21 November 1978 10 25 November 1979 12 34 December 1981 15 46 March 1985 18 58 April 1988 21 62.50 April 1989 22 66 25) Press Office(2010)

30 TV( ) TV( ) April 1990 24 71 April 1991 25.50 77 April 1992 26.50 80 April 1993 27.50 83 April 1994 28 84.50 April 1995 28.50 86.50 April 1996 30 89.50 April 1997 30.50 91.50 April 1998 32.50 97.50 April 1999 33.50 101 April 2000 34.50 104 April 2001 36.50 109 April 2002 37.50 112 April 2003 38.50 116 April 2004 40.50 121 April 2005 42 126.50 April 2006 44 131.50 April 2007 45.50 135.50 April 2008 47 139.50 April 2009 48 142.50 April 2010 49 145.50 : Press Office(2013) 4. 2,570 BBC 2012 31.6 23.3, 6.4, BBC 1.86. 31.6 BBC1 13.4, BBC2 5.4. BBC3, CBBC, BBC4, BBC News Channel, CBeebies.

3 31 3 3 BBC 2012( ) 2011( ) 2010( ) (%) BBC1 1337.6 1402.9 1373.4 42.31 BBC2 537.1 528.3 575.6 16.99 BBC3 112.9 110.1 118.6 3.57 BBC4 67.8 67.1 74 2.14 CBBC 107.3 99.3 57.1 3.39 CBeebies 42.4 39.7 28.7 1.34 BBC News Channel 57.5 61.1 64 1.82 BBC Parliament 9.3 8 10.3 0.29 BBC Red Button 37.2 39.5 32.7 1.18 2334.9 2375.4 2351.4 73.85 Radio 1 50.6 48.1 43.8 1.6 Radio 2 60.5 59.2 52.5 1.91 Radio 3 52.5 50.7 54 1.66 Radio 4 115.9 119.8 112 3.67 Radio 5 Live 69.3 72.9 72 2.19 5 Live Sports Extra 5.3 4.9 4.1 0.17 1Xtra 11.1 11 9.4 0.35 6 Music 11.7 10.8 9.3 0.37 Radio 4 Extra 8.2 8.2 7.1 0.26 Asian Network 13 12.6 12.1 0.41 BBC Local Radio 146.5 147.5 137.7 4.63 640.1 638.9 603.8 20.24 BBC Online 186.8 194.2 199.3 5.91 3161.8 3208.5 3154.5 100 : The Guardian(2012) 5. BBC 26) 45 BBC 26) (2009),

32., 1 BBC Trust, 2 BBC ( 2 ). 2 BBC,, BBC BBC Trust ( 6 ). BBC Trust BBC 2, BBC Trust 2 ( 9 ). BBC,, (UK Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) ( 11 ). 7,. BBC Trust, ( 10 ). BBC 23 (e) BBC Trust BBC, BBC. 24 2 (k) BBC Trust (Statement of Policy on Fair Trading). 27) 28) 21 23 BBC. BBC ( 21 ). BBC (financial and operational separation) ( 22 ). (Fair Trading Guideline) BBC 27) DCMS(2006b), (2009), p.70. 28) BBC(2007)

3 33,. 29) 3 BBC,,. 3. 6. BBC BBC. BBC (UK Public Service Broadcasting Group), BBC World Service and BBC Monitoring, BBC Worldwide... BBC World Service and BBC Monitoring, BBC World Service Foreign and Commonwealth Office, BBC Monitoring Cabinet Office. BBC World Service 2013/14, BBC Monitoring 2014/15. BBC Worldwide( ),, BBC. BBC (UK Public Service Broadcasting Group),.. BBC 3 4., BBC World Service & BBC Monitoring, BBC Worldwide,,,,,, 29) BBC(2012b)

34. 2012/13 39.3, 36.6 93%.. BBC World Service & BBC Monitoring,, 2.77 2.7. BBC Worldwide 9.7, 9. 1.3. BBC 51 14.5. BBC 36.6 51 71.2%. 3 4 BBC BBC World Service & BBC Monitoring BBC Worldwide ( : ) Group Adjustments 3,656.2 3656.2 86.1 10.1 898.9 106.1 1,101.2 164.4 1.9 16.4 23.0 (205.7) 4.5 264.7 0.5 269.7 13.2 52.0 0.2 65.4 8.9 0.1 0.8 9.8 277.1 276.8 968.6 129.3 (205.7) 1446.1 3,933.3 276.8 968.6 129.3 (205.7) 5,102.3 : BBC(2012a) BBC 3 5. 36.6 TV, TV,, 75,

3 35 (DSHS). BBC 60. 75, BBC. 5 2012 340. 3 5 BBC ( : ) TV ( :1,000 ) ( : 100 ) TV 145.50 21,351 3,089.9 TV 49.00 9 0.5 7.50 172 1.3 75 4,251 597.3 16.8 (DSHS) (49.6) 3,656.2 : (DSHS) (Digital Switchover Help Scheme) : BBC(2012a) BBC 3 6. 2012/13 BBC 49, 45. 38.2, BBC Worldwide 8.6.

36 3 6 BBC BBC World Service & BBC Monitoring BBC Worldwide ( : ) Group Adjustments (23.1) (6.8) (10.9) (2.9) (43.7) (139.7) (33.2) (130.4) (2.9) (306.2) (51.7) (51.7) (48.6) (7.6) (2.3) (1.5) 60.0 (3,354.2) (260.0) (719.1) (134.3) 173.7 (4,493.9) (3,817.3) (307.6) (862.7) (141.6) 233.7 (4,895.5) : BBC(2012a) BBC 38.2,. 3 7, S4C. 3 8. 3 7 BBC / ( : ) Service / BBC One 1,129.20 52.9 281.1 1,463.20 BBC Two 404.8 31.7 106.6 543.1 BBC Three 89.7 4.6 27.4 121.7 BBC Four 50 4.2 16 70.2 CBBC 81.6 4 23.1 108.7 CBeebies 28.9 4.5 9.6 43 BBC ALBA 4.9 1.5 1.4 7.8

3 37 Service / BBC News channel 45.2 7.5 8.8 61.5 BBC Parliament 1.9 7.2 1.4 10.5 BBC Red Button 15.6 22.3 3.9 41.8 Television 1,851.80 140.4 479.3 2,471.50 BBC Radio 1 40.7 5.4 8.1 54.2 BBC Radio 2 47.8 5.3 9 62.1 BBC Radio 3 38.3 5.3 10.7 54.3 BBC Radio 4 91.1 9.8 21.2 122.1 BBC Radio 5 Live 55 6.8 14.2 76 BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra 2.7 1.4 1.5 5.6 BBC 1 Xtra 7.5 1.5 2.8 11.8 BBC 6 Music 7.4 1.5 2.6 11.5 BBC 4 Extra 4 1.5 1.7 7.2 BBC Asian Network 8.3 1.7 3 13 BBC Local Radio 114.7 9.9 27.9 152.5 BBC Radio Scotland 23.2 3.2 6.3 32.7 BBC Radio nangaidhael 3.8 1.4 1.1 6.3 BBC Radio Wales 13.9 1.2 3.7 18.8 BBC Radio Cymru 12.5 1.6 3.5 17.6 BBC Radio Ulster/BBC Radio Foyle 17 2.1 4.7 23.8 Radio 487.9 59.6 122 669.5 BBC Online 103 21.8 51.8 176.6 Spend regulated by service licence 2,442.70 221.8 653.1 3,317.60 111.1 111.1 Orchestras and performing groups 23.4 5.8 29.2 S4C 23.6 6.4 30 Development spend 40.4 10.1 50.5 UK PSB Group pension deficit reduction payment Costs incurred to generate intra-group income Costs incurred to generate third party income 48.6 48.6 164.8 164.8 67.4 67.4

38 Service / Other content related spent 87.4 22.3 391.9 501.6 Restructuring costs 23.1 23.1 Total UK public services content expenditure 2,530.10 221.8 675.4 415 3,842.30 Digital switch over(digital UK Limited) 12.5 12.5 Digital switchover(dshs Limited) 44.4 44.4 Total UK PSB Group expenditure 2,530.10 221.8 675.4 471.9 3,899.20 Lease reclassification -81.9-81.9 UK PSB Group expenditure 2,530.10 221.8 675.4 390 3,817.30 : BBC(2012a) 3 8 BBC ( : ) 2013 2012 Property 181.6 186.9 HR and training 45.4 46.2 Policy and strategy 12 12.3 Finance and operations 67.7 56.8 Marketing, audiences and communication 68.7 72 Total central costs 375.4 374.2 Technology 175.1 128 Libraries, learning support and community events 33.6 36.1 Divisional running costs 64.5 63.7 BBC Trust Unit(excluding restructing) 11.9 11.9 Other 14.9 4.5 Total infrastructure/support costs 675.4 618.4 : BBC(2012a) BBC Worldwide 3 9,,. BBC World Service & BBC Monitoring,,.

3 39 3 9 BBC BBC Worldwide 2013 BBC Worldwide 2012 Other Commercials 2013 Other Commercials 2012 Total Commercials 2013 ( : ) Total Commercials 2012 557.7 588.8 121.6 110.3 679.3 699.1 126.7 142.4 126.7 142.4 178.3 173 20 11.7 198.3 184.7 862.7 904.2 141.6 122 1,004.3 1,026.2 : BBC(2012a) 3 10 2012/13 ( : ) BBC World Service & BBC Monitoring 2013 2012 1.4 1.3 33.8 35.8 272.4 240.6 307.6 277.7 : BBC(2012a) 2 1. 30) France Télévisions( ), Radio France, Arte(France), AEF. 2000 100% 2009 1 1. 5 (France 2, France 3, France 4, France 5, France O). Arte 1992 30) (2012), pp.88 101.

40 50%. 1986 (Loi relative à la liberté de communication) (Conseil Superieur de L Audiovisuel, CSA). 2007 2008 1. 2009.,,. 31) 3 11 28. 2011 11 30 2016 1 1. 32) 3 11 8 6,, / 2011 11 30, France Télévisions (,, / ) : (2013), (2013) 31) (2009), p.95. 32) (2013)

3 41 2. ( ) 33) 29 (redevance audiovisuelle) (contribution à l'audiovisuel public). 31 120, 77, 2010.. 1 1,. (France Télévisions), Radio France, Arte(France), AEF,, INA(institute National de l Audiovisuel),. 34) 2009,. 2009 1 20 6 3 12 2006 2012, ( : ) France Télévisions 1,830 64% 2,577.4 84.8% Arte France 204.2 95% 268.1 99.0% Radio France 495.1 88% 625.2 91.5% RFI 55.9 42% INA 75 67% 92.4 69.5% AEF(RFI, France 24, TV5Monde) 319.3 93.3% 2,660.2 3,882.4 : RFI(Radio France International) 2009 AEF : (2013), (2013) 33) Legifrance.gouv.fr(2009) 34) (2012)

42.. 35) 3 12. 2006 (France Télévisions) 18.3 64%, 2012 25.8, 84.4%. (RFI, Radio France Internationale.) 42%, 2009 AEF 2012 90%. Arte France 99%, Radio France 91.5%. 3 13. 2005 65.9%, 28.6%. 2009 3 13 ( : ) 2005 1779.3 772.2 148.5 2700.0 65.9% 28.6% 5.5% 100% 2009 2412.4 430.9 190.9 3034.2 79.5% 14.2% 6.3% 100% 2010 2472.7 485.2 178.8 3136.7 78.8% 15.5% 5.7% 100% 2011 2492.2 418.2 102.4 3012.8 82.7% 13.9% 3.4% 100% : (2013), (2013) 35) (2013)

3 43 79.5%, 2005 14.2%. 2011 82.7%, 13.9%. 3.,.,. 100%. 36) 2010. 2011. 37) 2012. 3 14 2010. 2010 31.4 24.7 ( 78.7%), 4.9, 1.8. 2010 32.3, 17.3. 8.8 (27%). 3 14 ( : ) 2010 2009 1) 2,472.7 2,412.4 2) 485.2 430.9 3) 178.8 190.9 36) (2012), p.111. 37) 51 38

44 2010 2009 1. 3,136.8 3,034.2 2. 3.2-18.1 I. 3,140.0 3,016.1 1) 1,734.1 1,661.2 2) 219.8 219.4 3) 883.8 864.0 4) 110.7 115.9 5) 118.5 42.3 6) 158.3 146.6 II. 3,225.2 3,049.4 : France Télévisions(2010) 2010. 2010 31.4 29.7 95%. 1.1 3.5%. 3 15 ( : ) 2010 2009 I. 2,973.3 2,862.5 Télévisions 47.2 52.5 Cinéma 5.8 5.7 II. 53.0 58.2 France Télévisions Distribution 46.8 59.5 France Télévisions Publicité et régies( ) 44.3 31.3 19.4 22.7 III. 110.5 113.4 3,136.8 3,034.1 3.2-18.1 3,140.0 3,016.1 : France Télévisions(2010)

3 45 3 16. 2010 20 2009 19.3. France 2 France 3 8.3. 3 16 ( : ) 2010 2009 France 2 828.4 794.9 France 3 827.7 805.3 France 4 44.6 33.7 France 5 133.1 124.9 RFO 186.9 178.2 FTVI 0.3 0.0 France Télévisions 2,020.9 1,937.1 : France Télévisions(2010) 3 1.. 16. 38) (Grundgesetz) (Rundfunkstaatsvertrag), (Landesmediengesetzen). (Rundfunkstaatsvertrag) 1987 16 38) Vicky Lee(2006), p.1.

46, (Staatsvertrag fuer Rundfunk und Telemedien) (Rundfunkstaatsvertrag). 1991 2013 1 1 15. 16 6 1, 5. 2 (ARD), 3 2 (ZDF), 4 (DeutschlandRadio). 5 (Rundfunkgebührenstaatsvertrag), 6 (Rudnfunkfinanzie rungsstaatsvertrag). 39) ARD(Arbeitsgem-einschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland) ZDF, (DeutschlandRadio), (Deutsche Welle). 1 ARD 9 1950. ARD Das Erste( 1), 3. ARD 5. 2 ZDF 16. ZDF 2..,,. 40) 41) ( 1 ) 2 11 39) (2011) 40) Vicky Lee(2006) 41) Staatsvertrag fuer Rundfunk und Telemedien(2010)

3 47,,.,,,,,,, ( 2 11 ). 1980,. SAT1 1985, RTL Plus( RTL) 1986, RTL, SAT1, PRP SIEBEN, RTL2, Kabel 1,. 42) 2. ( ) (Rundfunkstaatsvertrag), ( ) (Rundfunkbeitragsstaatsvertrag), (Rundfunkfinanzierungsstaatsvertrag). (Rundfunkgebuehr) 2013 1 15 (Rundfunkbeitrag). 43) 2 13,,,. 2 14 ( ) 16 (KEF: Kommission zur Ermittlung des Finanzbedarfs der Rundfunkanstalten). 44). ( 42) German Law Archive(2011) 43) (2013) 44) Staatsvertrag fuer Rundfunk und Telemedien(2013)

48 ),,. 3 (Public Test),,., KEF ( 2 14 ). 45) (Rundfunkfinanzierungsstaatsvertrag) ( ). 2 ARD(Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland) 2 ZDF(Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen), (Deutschlandradio) 2 (KEF)., ( ), ( ), KEF. KEF ( ),, ( 3 ). KEF ( ) 16 46),, KEF ( 5 ). 16 KEF ( ). 16 1 KEF, KEF. 47) 45) Staatsvertrag fuer Rundfunk und Telemedien(2013), (2013) 46) 47) (2013), pp.5 6.

3 49 3. 3 17. 1953 2009 2012 5.76 TV 12.22 17.98. TV 17.98,. TV,., 2013. 48) 2013 TV, TV 17.98. 3 17 TV 1953 2.00 DM 5.00 DM 7.00 DM 1970 2.50 DM 6.00 DM 8.50 DM 1974 3.00 DM 7.50 DM 10.50 DM 1979 3.80 DM 9.20 DM 13.00 DM 1983 5.05 DM 11.20 DM 16.25 DM 1988 5.16 DM 11.44 DM 16.60 DM 1990 6.00 DM 13.00 DM 19.00 DM 1992 8.25 DM 15.55 DM 23.80 DM 1997 9.45 DM 18.80 DM 28.25 DM 2001 10.40 DM 21.18 DM 31.58 DM 2002 5.32 10.83 16.15 48) Der Neue Rundfunkbeitrag(2013), (2013)

50 TV 2005 5.52 11.51 17.03 2009 5.76 12.22 17.98 2013 17.98 : Der Neue Rundfunkbeitrag(2013), (2013) ( ) (Gebuehreneinzugszentrale, GEZ). ARD, ZDF, 2%. 3 18 GEZ. 2012 74.9 2.15% GEZ ( ). 2012 4,180 2011 79,000. 3 18 ( ) GEZ 1 1999 58.0 2.76 2000 59.2 2.82 2001 66.5 2.95 2002 67.5 3.03 2003 67.9 1.97 % 3.29 ( ) 2004 68.5 2.08 % 3.45 41.2 +600,000 2005 71.2 2.27 % 3.89 41.7 +400,000 2006 72.9 2.23 % 3.87 42.0 +300,000 2007 73.0 2.18 % 3.77 42.3 +300,000 2008 72.6 2.26 % 3.87 42.5 +200,000 2009 76.0 2.13 % 3.85 41.9-600,000 2010 75.5 2.13 % 3.83 41.9 ±0 2011 75.3 2.16 % 3.84 41.8-100,000 2012 74.9 2.15 % 3.86 41.8-79,000 : Der Neue Rundfunkbeitrag(2013), (2013)

3 51 GEZ. 3 19 2012 GEZ. ARD 74.9 73% 54.9, ZDF 18.1 (24%), 2.6% 1.9. ARD,, 10. 73.5. 3 19 ( : ) Bayerischer Rundfunk( ) 906 23 882 Hessischer Rundfunk( ) 408 10 397 Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk ( ) Norddeutscher Rundfunk ( ) 585 15 570 967 25 942 Radio Bremen( ) 42 1 41 Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg ( - ) Saarlandischer Rundfunk ( ) Sudwestrundfunk ( ) Westdeutscher Rundfunk ( ) 366 9 356 67 1 65 996 25 970 1,146 29 1.116 ARD 5,486 141 5,344 192 192 Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen(ZDF) 1,813 1,813 : GEZ(2012) 7,492 7,350

52 4.. ARD ZDF,. ARD ZDF,,,. 3 20 ARD. 2012 ARD 63.3 85% 53.5. 6 8%. 2012 ARD 63.6. ARD 2012 64.9 2011 63.4 1.5. ARD 2012 22 34%, 22% 14.3 ARD. 3 20 ARD ( : ) 2012 2011 1. 5,350 5,380 1) (ARD ) 5,312 5,341 2) 38 38 2. 56 56 3. 2 2 4. 1 5 5. 7 7 6. 199 209 7. 497 527 8. 58 66 9. 164 110 I. 6,334 6,360

3 53 2012 2011 1. 2,205 2,183 1) 1,332 1,310 2) 229 229 3) 643 644 2. 1,434 1,399 3., 954 849 4. 208 197 5. 228 246 6. 303 312 7. 184 177 8. 922 928 9. 68 68 1) 55 55 2) 2 2 3) ARD 11 11 10. KEF 1 1 11. 9 6 12. 56 52 13. 1 4 14. GSEA 85 79. 6,486 6,341. / 151 19 : ARD(2012) ARD 9.. 3 21 2012 (Bayerischer Rundfunk) (Hessischer Rundfunk). 2012 10.2, 86% 8.8. 4.8, 83% 4. 7 ARD.

54 3 21 2012 ( : ) 1. 878,470 399,518 1) (ARD ) 878,470 395,571 2) 0 3,947 2. 0 0 3. 0 0 4. 4,707 991 5. 0 0 6. 30,640 15,963 7. 79,222 38,865 8. 8,709 7,914 9. 22,108 19,233 I. 1,023,856 482,484 1. 324,845 211,595 1) 198,865 113,272 2) 33,611 19,785 3) 92,369 78,538 2. 265,244 86,218 3., 185,493 72,638 4. 19,875 7,819 5. 28,356 13,991 6. 45,606 23,891 7. 33,111 13,863 8. 136,857 57,693 9. 10,796 1,349 1) 8,701 1,205 2) 318 144 3) ARD 1,777 0 10. KEF 107 49 11. 19 464 12. 4,572 4,618 13. 154 49 14. GSEA 345 3,143. 1,054,690 491,094. / 30,834 8,610 : ARD(2012)

3 55 2 ZDF. 3 22 2012 ZDF. ZDF 2011 21.1, 2010 19.7 1.4. 2011 82% 17.4. 1.5 6.8%. ZDF 11.9, 3.4. 3 22 ZDF ( : ) 2011 2010 1. 1,742 1,743 2. 145 148 3. 72 68 4. Other Captalized costs 4 4 5. 146 139 I. 2,109 1,966 1. 1,043 990 2. 70 74 3. (Transmission cost) 69 73 4. 12 13 II. 1,194 1,150 1. 257 251 2. 86 103 III. 343 355 1. 63 59 2. 359 369 3. 9 11 4. 9 13 5. 4 2 6. 42 41 IV. 130 18

56 2011 2010 1. 33 26 V. -33-26 1. 24 15 2. 0.47 0.54 VI. ( : ) 72 23 : ZDF(2012) ZDF 3 23. ZDF 2011 2010 1.92 2.7 1.89. 3 23 ZDF ( : ) 2011 2010 1. 7.6 9.5-1.9 2. 19.6 25.1-5.5 3. Recoveries 41.5 36.3 5.2 4. 2.7 3.8-1.1 5. 13.1 14.7-1.6 6. 105.1 102.9 2.2 189.5 192.2-2.7 : ZDF(2012) 4 1. (NHK). NHK 49). 1950,, 3 60

3 57 2010 3 5, 2011 6 30. 4 (,, TV, ). 50) 2 2 3. (NHK). 3 NHK, NHK,,,,,,,. 3 15 NHK,,. 16 NHK NHK 15. 20 4 NHK. NHK ( 83 ). 51) 2. NHK 3 6 64. (NHK)., (, 49) 50) (2012), p.150. 51), (2013)

58. 126 1 ), ( 64 1 )., ( 3 64 2 ). 1, ( 3 64 3 ). 3 ( 3 64 3 ). 52) (NHK) 5. 5 1. 5 1, 9 2 1. 3.. 1,961 NHK. 53) 3 24 NHK 5. 5 3 24. NHK 1,225, 1,275. 6 5%, 12 7.5%. 52), (2013) 53) (2013)

3 59 NHK., 1,070, 1,120. 3 24 ( ) : 5 6 (5% ) 12 (7.5% ), 1,225 6,980 13,600 1,275 7,270 14,160, 2,170 12,370 24,090 2,220 12,660 24,650, 955 5,430 10,580 1,005 5,730 11,180 3 25. 1 1,275 ( ). 2007 10 3, 2008 10. 2012 10 1,275, 2,220. 3 25 NHK 1 46.4 2.5 46.9 5 47.9 17.5 ( : ) TV

60 48.7 35 50.6 58.2 TV 2 50 200 53.2 3 200 67 300 59.4 62.4 68.4 (TV+ ) ( ), 50 TV 330 465 315 76.6 710 420 80.5 880 520 84.4,, 1,040 680 90.4 (3%) 1,070 700 90.8 5 (,,,, ) 1,070 700 2,000 1,630 1,040 91.4 1,370 890 2,300 1,820 1,055 98.4 (5%) 1,395 905 2,340 1,850 07.10 3 (,, ) 1,395 2,340 08.10 1,345 2,290 12.10 1,275 2,220 : 1984 4 : (2013) 4. NHK NHK 2004 7

3 61. NHK, NHK. 54) 3 26 NHK. NHK,,,,,,,,. 3 26 NHK NHK,,, :,,, /,,, / /, NHK (,, / ),,,, NHK : (2013) NHK 3 7 ( 68 80 ). (NHK) 4 3 ( 68, 69 ).,. ( 70 ). 3 ( 72 1 )., 54) (2013), pp.141 143.

62 ( 72 2 ). 1, ( 72 3 ). 74,,,, ( ) 3 ( 1 )., ( 2, 3 ). 1,, ( 4 ). 55) 3 27 NHK 2012. NHK, /,. 2012 NHK 6,604 6,478 98.1%, 37.2, (VOD ) 13.2. 2012 6,494 98.1%. 8.7%(576 ). NHK 2,775, 145, 20, 1,221. 95, 8.1. 55) 64 74, (2013)

3 63 3 27 NHK ( : ) 2011 2012 I. 661,682 660,447 1. 649,533 647,822 2. 3,433 3,715 3. 986 1,355 4. 6,293 6,173 5. 1,437 1,382 II. 651,847 649,404 1. 270,297 277,458 2. 12,984 14,479 3. 1,957 2,016 4. 24 44 5. 59,904 57,558 6. 20,719 10,788 7. 4,962 5,088 8. 7,489 7,975 9. 123,182 122,110 10. / 58,824 63,571 11. 11,637 12,213 12. 70,437 67,024 13. 9,431 9,081 III. 9,835 11,043 I. 10,936 9,544 1. 6,016 5,447 2. 4,920 4,097 II. 130 50 1. 130 50 III. 10,806 9,494

64 2011 2012 20,641 20,537 I. 4,464 809 1. 2,134 273 2. 30 19 3. 1,428 4. 872 517 II. 4,137 2,924 1. 209 96 2. 2,597 2,700 3. 1,332 128 20,968 18,422 4,006 16,962 18,422 : NHK(2013) NHK. 3 28 NHK. 2012 6,478 4,913 (75.8%), 1,565 (24.2%). 87, 100 17. NHK,,.

3 65 3 28 NHK ( : ) 2011 2012 501,765 491,305-10,459 147,768 156,516 8,748 649,533 647,821-1,711 : NHK(2012) 3 29. 2012 2,144 35, 2,109. 1,621 83, 1,705. 3,766 485, 3,815. 3 29 NHK : NHK(2013) 2011 2012 21,877 21,442 435 350 21,442 21,092 15,424 16,213 789 834 16,213 17,047 9 9 0 1 9 10 37,310 37,664 354 485 37,664 38,149 ( : )

66 NHK. 3 30 NHK.,. 3 30 NHK ( : ) 2012 2013 216,125 221,147 5,021 54,171 56,312 2,140 270,297 277,458 7,161 3,190 3,278 88 9,794 11,200 1,407 12,984 14,479 1,495 42,727 43,377 650 17,176 14,182-2,995 59,904 57,558-2,345 7,835 8,865 1,030 12,884 1,923-10,961 20,719 10,788-9,931 2,967 3,143 176 1,845 1,750 95 4,812 4,893 81 1,057 1,004-53 6,432 6,971 539 7,489 7,975 486

3 67 2012 2013 122,699 121,629-1,071 377 376-2 123,076 122,004-1,072 / 37,001 43,073 6,071 21,778 20,448 1,330 58,779 63,520 4,741 5,865 5,818 47 5,744 6,366 622 11,609 12,184 575 : NHK(2013) 20 2 2 3 ( 73 ). NHK 20 2 2, 20 2 3. 3 31 NHK.. 3 31 NHK 2011 2012 ( : ). 985,522 1,355,123. 2,386,756 2,499,351 1. 2,026,513 2,095,615 2. 149,661 194,654 3. 105,582 105,306

68 2011 2012 4. / 44,968 50,266 5. 30,244 31,684 6. 29,785 21,824. -1,401,234-1,144,228. 51 3,103 1. 51 3,103. 51 3,103 1,401,182 1,141,124 1,401,182 1,141,124 : NHK(2013)

4 KBS EBS 69 4 KBS EBS 1 KBS KBS KBS,., KBS,.., KBS 59 2. KBS KBS.. KBS,,. 1. KBS. 2007. 2012 5. 2010,. 2008 2009 2009 2012.

70 4 1 2008 2009.,,..., 68 49 KBS 3% EBS EBS. 2008 2009,, EBS.,. 4 1 KBS 2008 2009 ( : ) 2008 2009. 12,741 12,931 1. 12,624 12,720 5,468 5,575 5,326 5,203 40 2 104 102 1,686 1,838 2. 117 211 18 19 5 101 94 91. 11,411 10,453 1. 11,200 10,245 8,931 8,138 2,269 2,107

4 KBS EBS 71 2008 2009 2. 211 208 121 121 90 87. 1,330 2,478. 2,265 2,267 371 367 61 76 163 181 17 16 12 11 746 728 359 369 322 321 EBS 153 156 168 165 1 17 12 197 186. ( Δ) 935 211. 297 577 14 11 45 60 22 252 130 107 86 147. 122 95 100 60 3 8 15 14 4 13. 760 693. 5. 765 693 : KBS(2010)

72 4 2 2009 2012. 2010.. 2009,, 2010,,.. 2011. 2011. 2011.,,,,. KBS. 4 2 KBS 2009 2012 ( : ) 2009 2010 2011 2012. 12,931 13,803 14,437 15,190 1. 12,720 13,618 14,157 15,040 1) 5,575 5,689 5,779 5,851 2) 5,203 5,887 5,987 6,236 3) 2 29 3 113 4) 102 106 107 105 5) 1,838 1,907 2,281 2,735 2. 211 185 280 150 1) 19 36 16 2 2) 10 12 3) 192 149 254 136

4 KBS EBS 73 2009 2010 2011 2012. 10,453 11,209 12,552 13,002 1. 10,245 10,943 12,235 12,717 1) 8,138 8,767 9,811 10,196 2) 2,107 2,176 2,424 2,521 2. 208 266 317 285 1) 121 146 2) 87 120. 2,478 2,594 1,885 2,188. 2,267 2,452 2,536 2,568 1. 521 591 647 646 2. 805 800 813 803 1) 156 159 162 164 2) 369 384 390 396 3) 280 257 261 243 3. 941 1,061 1,076 1,119 1) 728 824 2) 165 186 3) 48 51. ( Δ) 211 142-651 -380. 577 691 815 490 1. 440 485 2. 137 206. 95 393 112 172 1. 7 390 2. 88 3. 693 440 52 62. 0 6 4 0. 693 434 48 62 : KBS(2011), KBS(2013) 56) 56) 2011 2012 (2013. 10. 21.).

74 2. KBS 4 3 KBS 2008 2012. 2012.,, 2012,,.. 4 3 KBS 2008 2012 (1) ( : ) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ( ) 1,274,138 1,293,075 1,380,283 1,443,687 1,519,035 1,262,412 1,271,981 1,361,764 1,415,693 1,504,014 546,792 557,538 568,936 577,880 585,148 + 65,926 77,176 95,121 139,638 170,519 532,594 520,327 588,699 598,666 623,583 89,823 94,088 82,885 77,928 90,904 27,277 22,852 26,124 21,580 33,859 11,725 21,094 18,518 27,993 15,021 + ( ) 1,367,615 1,272,012 1,366,131 1,508,778 1,557,029-93,477 21,063 14,152-65,092-37,994 29,648 57,685 69,170 81,497 48,983 12,205 9,446 39,294 11,223 17,237-76,035 69,303 44,027 5,182-6,248 509-12 613 399 0-76,544 69,315 43,414 4,783-6,248-76,544 69,315 43,414 4,783-6,248 : (2008 2012)

4 KBS EBS 75 2012. 2012 2011, 2012,. KBS 2008 1 2,741 2012 1 5,190 5 (CAGR 57) ) 3.58%. 2008 5,467 2012 5,851 5 (CAGR) 1.37%. KBS 2008 42.9%, 2009 43.1%, 2010 41.2%, 2011 40.0%, 2012 38.5%.. 4 1 KBS 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 기타사업매출액기타방송사업매출액협찬매출액광고매출액재송신매출액 + 방송프로그램판매매출액텔레비전방송수신료매출액 0% 2008 년 2009 년 2010 년 2011 년 2012 년 57) Cumulative Annual Growth Rate

76 4 3., 44,,., KBS. 3. KBS 59 KBS. 4 4 KBS 2008 2012..... 4 2, KBS EBS, 2008 792 2012 803 5 (CAGR) 0.28%...,.

4 KBS EBS 77.. 4 4 KBS 2008 2012 (2) ( : ) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012. 12,741 12,931 13,803 14,437 15,190 1. 12,624 12,720 13,618 14,157 15,040 1) 5,468 5,575 5,689 5,779 5,851 2) 5,326 5,203 5,887 5,987 6,236 3) 40 2 29 3 113 4) 104 102 106 107 105 5) 1,686 1,838 1,907 2,281 2,735 2. 117 211 185 280 150 1) 18 19 36 16 2 2) 5 101 55 10 12 3) 94 91 94 254 136. 11,411 10,453 11,209 12,552 13,002 1. 11,200 10,245 10,943 12,235 12,717 1) 8,931 8,138 8,767 9,811 10,196 2) 2,269 2,107 2,176 2,424 2,521 2. 211 208 266 317 285. 1,330 2,478 2,594 1,885 2,188. 2,265 2,267 2,452 2,536 2,568 1) 511 521 591 647 646 2) 792 805 800 813 803 3) 962 941 1,061 1,076 1,119. -935 211 142-651 -380. 175 482 298 703 318 1) 297 577 691 815 490 2) 122 95 393 112 172. -760 693 440 52-62. 5 6 4 0. -765 693 434 48-62 : KBS(2009), KBS(2010), KBS(2011b), KBS(2012b), KBS(2013b)

78 2 EBS 68 49 KBS 3% EBS. EBS. EBS, EBS. EBS 23 2. 4 10 EBS 6 20. 6 30. EBS EBS. EBS KBS. EBS EBS,,. 3. 1. EBS 4 5 EBS 2008 2012. 2012.,, 2012,,.. 2012. 2011,

4 KBS EBS 79. 2012,. 4 5 EBS 2008 2012 (1) ( : ) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ( ) 172,357 187,308 237,633 253,162 256,250 91,102 95,900 114,178 146,148 153,387 15,327 15,620 15,918 16,167 16,365 + 4,355 5,531 7,049 32,989 38,415 25,647 26,256 30,094 32,027 35,260 4,204 3,737 3,207 5,336 5,260 41,568 44,756 57,910 59,631 58,087 81,256 91,408 123,455 107,014 102,863 + ( ) 173,147 176,084 237,490 252,603 263,994-790 11,224 142 559-7,744 3,224 3,777 5,158 4,244 7,914 1,270 759 1,207 770 1,042 1,164 14,243 4,094 4,034-873 0 237 322 128 0 1,164 14,006 3,772 3,906-873 1,164 14,006 3,772 3,906-873 : (2008 2012) 2008 1,723 2012 2,563 5 (CAGR) 8.25%. 2008 153 2012 164 5 (CAGR) 1.32%. 2008 8.9%, 2009 8.3%, 2010 6.7%, 2011 6.4%, 2012 6.4%..

80 4 2 EBS 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 2008 년 2009 년 2010 년 2011 년 2012 년 기타사업매출액기타방송사업매출액협찬매출액광고매출액재송신매출액 + 방송프로그램판매매출액텔레비전방송수신료매출액, 5 (CAGR) 10.98% (CAGR) 4.83%. EBS., EBS. EBS KBS. 2. EBS 68 49 EBS. 4 6 EBS 2008 2012.

4 KBS EBS 81....,... KBS KBS. EBS.,.. 4 6 EBS 2008 2012 (2) ( : ) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012. 1,724 1,873 2,376 2,532 2,562 1. 868 904 1,071 1,163 1,171 1) 153 156 159 162 164 2) 184 196 219 198 209 3) 196 203 304 377 341 4) 257 263 301 320 353 5) 78 86 88 106 104 2. 856 969 1,305 1,369 1,391 1) 624 712 1,016 1,032 991

82 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2) 43 55 70 92 88 3) 133 163 173 185 244 4) 56 39 46 60 68. 1,498 1,539 2,074 2,223 2,342 1. 859 842 1,040 1,477 1,562 1) 675 656 824 1144 1197 2) 184 186 216 241 235 3) 92 130 2. 639 697 1,034 746 780 1) 290 328 503 518 534 2) 20 20 26 27 16 3) 277 317 465 148 184 4) 52 32 40 53 46. 226 334 302 309 220. 233 222 301 303 298 1. 65 66 74 69 69 2. 168 156 227 234 229. ( ) 7 112 1 6-78. 32 38 52 42 79. 13 8 12 8 10. ( ) 12 142 41 40-9. 2 3 1. ( ) 12 140 38 39-9 : EBS(2009), EBS(2010), EBS(2011), EBS(2012), EBS(2013). 3 44 KBS,,. 56 44. 1

4 KBS EBS 83. 1.. 58),,. 59).., KBS EBS... (2000) KBS. (2013b) KBS,. 58) 1999. 5. 27. 98 70 ; 2008. 2. 28 2006 70 59) 1998. 12. 24. 98 1, 10-2, p.819, pp.830 831.

84 KBS,,,, KBS1 KBS2,.

5 85 5 1. (separation). (accounting separation), (operational separation), (functional separation), (structural separation), (ownership separation). 60)., (Cross subsidy),. 61),, ( 2 ).,,, ( 3 ). 4, KBS EBS., KBS EBS. 60) Waters, P. and Damian, O(2012) 61) (2008)

86. 62) (2013a) KBS1TV KBS2TV.,. KBS KBS. KBS 1TV, 2TV ( ).. 63) BBC. BBC BBC 22 (financial and operational separation).. (cross subsidy) BBC BBC. ( ). BBC 3., BBC. KBS. KBS KBS1TV KBS2TV. 44 KBS1TV 62) (2006), (2013a) 63) (2013. 10. 24),..?

5 87 KBS, 56 KBS KBS. KBS. 4.. 2.. ( :Rundfunkbeitrag) ARD, ZDF, Deutschland Radio. 2012 5 1. ARD ZDF ARD 84.5%, ZDF 82.6%. KBS EBS 2012 38.5% 6.4%. KBS EBS. KBS EBS, ARD.,.

88 5 1 2012 ARD, ZDF ARD ZDF 63.3 100% 21.1 100% 53.5 84.5% 17.4 82.6% 53.1 83.9% 17.4 82.6% 0.38 0.6% ARD,,,.. ZDF,,,,..,,.. KBS EBS,.,. ARD ZDF.

5 89 5 2 2012 ARD, ZDF ARD ZDF 1. 1. 1) 2. 2) 3. 3) 4. 2.. 3., 1. 4. 2. 5.. 6. 1. 7. 2. 8. 3. 9. 4. 1) 5. 2) 6. 3) ARD IV. 10. KEF 1. 11. V. 12. 1. 13. 2. 14. GSEA VI. ( : ).. /. NHK NHK 2004.,.,.,,,.

90 2011 22.6% 2012 24.2%. 5 3 NHK ( : ) 2011 2012 (%) (%) 5,017 77.4 4,913 75.8-104 1,478 22.6 1,565 24.2 87 6,485 100 6,478 100-17 : NHK(2013) NHK,..,.,.. 5 4 NHK ( : ) 2012 2013 216,125 221,147 5,021 54,171 56,312 2,140 270,297 277,458 7,161 3,190 3,278 88 9,794 11,200 1,407 12,984 14,479 1,495

5 91 2012 2013 42,727 43,377 650 17,176 14,182-2,995 59,904 57,558-2,345 7,835 8,865 1,030 12,884 1,923-10,961 20,719 10,788-9,931 2,967 3,143 176 1,845 1,750 95 4,812 4,893 81 1,057 1,004-53 6,432 6,971 539 7,489 7,975 486 122,699 121,629-1,071 377 376-2 123,076 122,004-1,072 / 37,001 43,073 6,071 21,778 20,448 1,330 58,779 63,520 4,741 5,865 5,818 47 5,744 6,366 622 11,609 12,184 575 : NHK(2013)

92, KBS EBS., ARD ZDF,.., NHK. KBS 2011 EBS...

93 (2013), : (NHK). (2010),,. (2006),,, 18 2. (2008),,. (2013. 10. 21.) KBS 5 1,772. (2013), (KEF),, 21 4, pp.109 134. (2008),. (2009),. (2010),. (2011),. (2012),. (2013), :. (2009),,,, pp.67 105. (2013), :. (2013a),, 2020 3:, 2013 3 20. (2013b),,

94 9, 2013 9 26. (2012),,. (2008),,, 20 11 441,. (2013),,,,, KBS. EBS(2009), 9 2008. EBS(2010), 10 2009. EBS(2011), 11 2010. EBS(2012), 12 2011. EBS(2013), 13 2012. KBS(2011a),. KBS(2012a),. KBS(2013a),. KBS(2009), 36 2008. KBS(2010), 37 2009. KBS(2011b), 38 2010. KBS(2012b), 39 2011. KBS(2013b), 40 2012. ARD(2012). ARD-Finanzstatistik 2012. BBC(2012a). BBC Full Financial Statements 2012/13. BBC(2012b). Fair Trading Guidelines. BBC(2007). Statement of policy on fair trading.

95 DCMS(2006a). An Agreement Between Her Majesty s Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and the British Broadcasting Corporation. DCMS(2006b). Royal Charter for the continuance of the British Broadcasting Corporation. Der Neue Rundfunkbeitrag(2013). The New license fee for the general public. German Law Archive(2011). Broadcasting Law in Germany. GEZ(2012). GEZ Geschaftsbericht 2012. Legifrance.gouv.fr(2009). LOI n 2009-258 du 5 mars 2009 relative á la communication audiovisuelle et au nouveau service public de la télévision. Legislation.gov.uk(2003). Communication Act 2003. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/21/part/4. NHK(2013). 2012. Press Office(2010). TV License Fee: facts & figures. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/keyfacts/stories/licencefee.shtml. Staatsvertrag fuer Rundfunk und Telemedien(2010) Staatsvertrag fuer Rundfunk und Telemedien. TV Licensing(2013). http://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/. The Guardian(2012). BBC Spending: Where does the license fee go? http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/jul/12/bbc-spending. Vicky Lee(2006). Public Service Broadcasting in Germany. Legislative Council Secretariat. Waters, P. and Damian, O(2012). Separation regulation of dominant telecommunications operators in today s legacy networks and tomorrow s next generation networks. Gilbert Tobin. ZDF(2012). ZDF Jahrbuch 2012. (2001)., NHK

McMaster McMaster 2013 11 2013 11 3 36( ) TEL: 570-4114 FAX: 579-4695 6 ISBN 978-89-8242-001-6 93320