전파법상주파수할당제도개선방향연구

전파법상주파수할당제도개선방향연구 2010. 11

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3 1 11 1 17 2 19 1 19 2 21 3 26 3 29 1 29 2 33 1. 33 2. (AIP) 37 3 41 4 44 1 44 1. 44 2. 47 2 57 1. 57

4 2. 60 3. 62 3 62 1. / 62 2. 66 3. 69 4. 72 4 75 1. 75 2. 82 5 84 1 84 1. 84 2. 86 2 91 1. 91 2. 93 3 94 1. 94 2. 94 3. 95 1 99 2 101

5 1 101 2 102 3 104 1 104 1. 104 2. 106 2 109 1. 109 2. 110 3 116 1. 116 2. 116 3. 120 4 122 1. 122 2. 123 3. 124 4 128 1 128 2 130 5 134 1 134 2 134 1. 135 2. 137

6 3 138 6 140 1 140 2 146 7 150 1 150 2 151 3 (2010 5 ) 152 4 154 1. 154 2. 155 3. 156 158

7 3 1 29 3 2 : Authorisation Directive, Annex B 35 3 3 42 4 1 46 4 2 FCC 51 4 3 56 4 4 58 4 5 64 4 6 65 4 7 66 4 8 67 4 9 68 4 10 70 4 11 76 4 12 FCC 78 4 13 80 5 1 ( 309 (j) (1)) 86 5 2 Spectrum Framework Review, ofcom 2004. 11. 88 5 3 ( ) (1996) 88 5 4 (2004) 89 5 5 Subdivision B-Issuing spectrum licences 90 2 1 00 05 101

8 2 2 103 3 1 105 3 2 105 3 3 ( 94. 7 10. 7) 107 3 4 (modifier) 112 3 5 AIP 113 3 6 (2004 ) 114 3 7 (2004 ) 115 3 8 (Redevance) 117 3 9 (bf) 117 3 10 (c) 118 3 11 126 3 12 126 5 1 138 6 1 ( ) 141 6 2 142 6 3 143 6 4 147 6 5 148 6 6 149 7 1 153 7 2 153 7 3 153 7 4 154

9 3 1 31 3 2 1 38 4 1 OECD ( 07 09) 48 4 2 IE(Internet Enabled) TV ( 09 13) 49 4 3 50 4 4 ( 09 14 ) 53 4 5 54 4 6 55 4 7 56 3 2 125 3 3 125

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30 94 11). 97., TV, (non-commercial educational broadcast) (public broadcast). FCC /TV,,. 99 AM, FM, TV, LPTV 12) 3 4 8. FCC (Administrative Procedures Act). 11),,,, 12) LPTV(Low Power TV) ( 2 )

3 31 3 1 1 Comment Public Notice 경매공시및의견수렴 2 Procedures Public Notice 경매절차및규정, 면허정보등의상세정보공시 3 Seminar 입찰소프트웨어시연 경매전절차 4 Short-Form(FCC Form 175) 참가신청 5 Short Form Application Status Public Notice 신청서류검토결과발표 6 Upfront Payment 선불금지불 7 Short-Form Application Resubmission Deadline incomplet 신청자에한하여서류재구비하여제출 8 Qualified Bidders Public Notice 최종입찰자발표 9 Qualified Bidders Registration 최종참가자등록 10 Mock Auction 경매시뮬레이션 ( 시연 ) 11 경매실시 12 Auction Closing Public Notice 입찰종료의공시 경매후절차 13 Down Payments 1 차분납 14 Final Payment 경매잔금최종납부 15 Long-Form (FCC Form 601) 무선서비스개시허가와관련한최종신청서제출.,

32.,, PCS, ( 30 A, B, 51 AT&T ) 15 C, D, E, F (D, E, F 1479 598 )., 91 Pioneer s Preference, PCS 4 (Balanced Budget Act of 1997)., (Designated Entities)., 97 (Adarand and VMI) (gender)., ( ),. 700, AWS 3G ( advanced mobile and fixed terrestrial wireless service ). AWS

3 33. TV, QPS,,, T., AWS. 700. CMA EA 4 35%, 70%, REAG 4 40%, 75%. 4 10 8,. 2.5 Sprint-Nextel 2.5. 4 1,500, 6 1,500.,. PCS 10, AWS 10 15. 700 10, 8, 15 1 1. 2 1.,

34, ( ). 13)., EU,, directive,. 14) (Authorisation condition), (notification)., EC EC Authorisation Directive, Annex A, Authorisation (notification). 18. (financial contribution) (administrative charges) (privacy) (notification),, EU EU (Directive 2002/19/EC). 03 6 84 / (Individual Licensing) 13) (notification) (registration) 14) Authorisation Directive, Annex A

3 35 (General Authorisation Regime). /,. EU Authorisation Directive, Annex B. Authorisation...,, :, :, 3 2 : Authorisation Directive, Annex B Directive 2002/20/EC: Authorisation Directive ANNEX B. Conditions which may be attached to rights of use for radio frequencies 1. Designation of service or type of network or technology for which the rights of use for the frequency has been granted, including, where applicable, the exclusive use of a frequency for the transmission of specific content or specific audiovisual services. 2. Effective and efficient use of frequencies in conformity with Directive 2002/21/EC(Framework Directive), including, where appropriate, coverage requirements. 3. Technical and operational conditions necessary for the avoidance of harmful interference and for the limitation of exposure of the general public to electro- magnetic fields, where such conditions are different from those included in the general authorisation. 4. Maximum duration in conformity with Article 5 of this Directive, subject to any changes in the national frequency plan. 5. Transfer of rights at the initiative of the right holder and conditions for such transfer in conformity with Directive 2002/21/EC(Framework Directive).

36 6. Usage fees in accordance with Article 13 of this Directive. 7. Any commitments which the undertaking obtaining the usage right has made in the course of a competitive or comparative selection procedure. 8. Obligations under relevant international agreements relating to the use of frequencies., (AIP, Administrative Incentive Price) 2. 2G AIP 00 4 3G. 3G 3G 1 5,. (, ). 3G Ofcom. Ofcom. SFR(Spectrum Framework Review) 05 08 3.,. 02 AIP, 07. 7.. TV

3 37, 14. 2. (AIP) 1,,,. (Terrestrial broadcasting) 1. (TV, ) 1 40% 400, TV 470 854 (UHF, ) 368, 87.5 108 (VHF ) 20, (DAB) 217.5 230 (VHF ) 12.5., 2G 3G 1 70 (7%), 3 350. 02,. Ofcom 04 AIP 15) AIP AIP, AIP. Ofcom AIP, AIP, 15) Spectrum Pricing: A consultation on proposals for setting wireless telegraphy act licence fees, 9, 2004.

38 AIP. TV, TV AIP. 3 2 1 Don t yet pay AIP Licence Aeronautical exempt and maritime Broadcasting MOD Emergency services Science Commercial fixed and mobile Pay AIP : Ofcom(2006), p.4.. Ofcom AIP, (under-investment),., AIP. AIP 20,. (same class of WT licence) AIP

3 39,. Ofcom AIP.. AIP TV TV AIP. TV TV Ofcom. Digital Replacement Licences(DRLs) 16) (Digital terrestrial TV multiplex licences) 17) 5%.. Ofcom AIP, AIP. Ofcom TV ( ) AIP, 16) Ofcom Communications Act 2003 3(ITV), 4, 5 (digital replacement licences). 17) UHF (470 854 ) Ch.21 68 (1998 ), 6 (8 ), 5 40

40. TV 14 AIP. DTV 18), 1, 2, A 10, B, C, D 14 AIP, AIP TV 14 AIP. AIP, 14 AIP Ofcom, 3 1 6 24million, 16 24million AIP 78 132million.. AIP (Wireless Telegraphy Act fees).. BBC. BBC, National, Regional, Local, RSLs(Restricted Service Licences) Community Radio station 18),, (multiplex provider). (multiplex provider), (service provider). 1996, 10

3 41. Ofcom 12 AIP. 3 1 2. /.., ( ),,..,,.. 9,, (TV, ) ( / )

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44 4 1 1..,. (access). ( PC ),, (, )., /,.,., TV.. (source),. (TV) (, )

4 45. /, (Apps). (intermodal competition).,,,,. /., 3G, 4G. 19) Cisco mobile WiMAX LTE 4G 09 14 108%( 40 ). 20),.,, 19) 14 (Morgen Stanley, Internet Trends, 2010. 4) 20) 14 50, 14 66%

46,., All-IP ( ). 4 1 DMB TV, access ( WiFi, ) Myspace:,, USTREAM.TV: UCC : set-top box, TV ( + ) TV :,., DMB, (, 21) ).,, 21) (theory of trusteeship),

4 47,.,,..,. 2.., (prisoner s dilemma). 98 64.5% 08 36.8% 10, 22) 3.( 30%, 21%, 20%, 15%, 10% ), Wall Street Journal., Wall Street Journal,,. (Amazon), (Apple) e-book,. 10 4 6 e-book Kindle e-book 22) ( 10. 6)

48 4 1 OECD ( 07 09) : PWC(2009), OECD(2009), (2010). 08 4.4% 17.5%. e-book. Kindle (ipad). 23), e-book,. 24). 23) e-book, 9.99, ebook. 24) Google 08

4 49 P2P, ( ) 06 6,243 08 4,409 3,562 5,264 131. 25) (,,, IPTV). TV Lean Back PC. DTV,., TV Lean Forward audience TV, (Web) (cable code cutting)., Google TV,,, TV. TV. 4 2 IE(Internet Enabled) TV ( 09 13) : isuppli( 09. 9. 15) 25) ( 10. 4)

50, ( ). NBC Hulu 26), Time Warner TV everywhere, 27) CJ TVing 28). 4 3 : clicker(2010) FCC 29) 120 TV (merge). 26) Hulu browser-based approach(via web), download streaming +., brand. premium content 27) TV Everywhere bundle + +, Hulu brand, needs ( ). 28) CJ TVing TV Everywhere 29) National Broadband Plan( 10. 3)

4 51 4 2 FCC FCC TV 120 TV 6 2 6 (repacking), SFN(Single Frequency Networks),. /. MVNO, (OS).,,.,. 30) dumb pipe. 31) DB IPTV ( ) IPTV. IPTV ( ) 30) Apple(PC ), Google( ) 31) App store,

52 IPTV DB. 32), (PC) IPTV, 3 screen.. 33), TV IPTV( ). (social network),,., /... Ovum 50% 08 1 8 14 20 1,024%, 34) Cisco mobile WiMAX LTE 4G 09 14 108%( 40 ). 35) 32),,, data mining 33) KT Qook TV + + Skylife ( ) 34) Ovum(2009) 35) 14 50, 14 66%

4 53 4 4 ( 09 14 ) : Cisco(2010) FCC Genachowski 09 CTIA 08 6PB 36) 13 400PB 66, 15 4G, 20 PC 200. 37). 26%, 38) 86% 14 12%. 39) 36) 1PB(petabyte)=1,000TB(terabyte)=100 GB(gigabyte) 37) 1Gbps 4G 20 4, 400 38) Chetan sharma consulting(2010) 39) Informa(2010)

54. 2 204,356,381MB 2.2, 6.2MB 13.6MB 2.1., KT Wi-Fi, SKT LTE VOD... killer, (click ). 4 5 : (2008 )

4 55. 40), ( ),., killer, (targeting) (interactive),. 4 6 : Gerd Leonhard(2010), The Future of News, Publishing, and Media. 80 INMA, (2010b) 40) GDP

56 4 7 : Earl Wilkinson(2010), Newsmedia Outlook. 80 INMA, (2010b). 4 3 TV ( : %) 11 2004 32.2 8.0 36.6 14.9 3.7 4.5 21.4 2008 24.9 7.0 33.0 15.6 4.5 15.0 2004 30.1 14.1 34.4 12.6 0.2 3.3 5.4 18.4 2008 25.5 14.0 33.5 11.1 0.4 4.1 11.3 2004 31.9 2.8 40.3 4.5 0.2 17.1 3.2 18.9 2008 24.0 2.1 37.5 5.4 0.2 17.3 13.6 2004 24.2 9.1 46.8 4.1 11.6 4.2 13.0 2008 17.5 9.2 40.8 3.3 14.2 14.9 2004 16.6 23.0 34.4 8.4 0.7 11.6 5.3 13.5 2008 14.9 19.2 33.7 7.3 0.8 11.1 13.0 2004 41.2 24.1 23.9 3.8 0.9 4.4 1.7 34.4 2008 36.9 20.9 22.4 3.6 0.5 4.3 11.9 2004 26.2 11.0 44.3 8.9 0.7 7.3 1.6 18.7 2008 21.0 9.3 44.6 9.2 0.3 7.6 7.9 2004 38.1 14.2 29.7 4.1 1.4 6.3 6.1 24.4 2008 29.2 11.1 25.4 3.5 1.7 6.1 23.0 : ZenithOptimedia(2009. 3), WAN-IFRA(2009), (2010)

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4 75 /, /. 4 1.,., (rate regulation) (access regulation). (configuration)., (access), (mandatory access) (governance & treansaction cost)., (governmental taking).,. MVNO,.,,,. 42) 42), SKT ( : Nate) OS LGU+ KT

76, ARPU, 2G 3G.,, ( : mobile VoIP). (application) (Network Neutrality). ( ),. heavy user,, 4 11, (, ) (managed),,,,,

4 77 FCC ( 09 10. 7). 700, ( ). OS, OS (de-facto).,. 4G., Walled Garden,. 43). FCC ( ) (management).,,., FCC. 43), OS (App Store).. i-phone App Store i-phone

78 4 12 FCC. /.., /,. 2,..,., (faster connection). ( ) faster connection. heavy user CP (tiered service). heavy user CP Data mining,. faster connection faster connection (tiering), (tiering),., (favored), CDN(contents delivery service).

4 79. CP,.,( ) one size fits all.,.. FCC 700 : C (Open Platform) 1) (Network Neutrality). Skype FCC ( 07. 2 ). 44) CDMA Verizon Sprint, GSM AT&T T-Mobile SIM lock. 700, PISC 45)., 46 ( ) ( 07. 7 ). FCC 700. 44) Skype ( 5 ) Mobile VoIP 45) PISC(Public Interest Spectrum Coalition): Consumer Federation America, Consumers Union, New America Foundation

80 2) ( ).,. 4 13 USIM Lock MVNO( ) Open Applications.. Skype Mobile VoIP Open Applications.. Open Devices

4 81., Carterfone Decision(1968). Mobile VoIP, Wi-Fi,. Open Services 3. MVNO.,. Open Networks 3... 3) FCC FCC... 700 C. (Technical Standards). 3 (non-proprietary),

82. 46). (ex. CDMA vs GSM), multi-band.,,. 2. faster connection,.,. ( 1),,.,,,. 46) FCC Report & Order, (3) A licensee shall publish its technical standards, which shall be non-proprietary, no later than the time at which it makes such standards available to any preferred vendors, so that the standards are readily available to customers, equipment manufacturers, application developers, and other parties interested in using or developing products for use on a licensee s networks.

4 83. ( 2) ( 1),,,,.,..

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5 87 (A) : ( ), ( ), (B) (3). (3) --,..,,,, 1. (A),,, (B),,, (C), (D). 98 (AIP),, (Wireless Telegraphy Act 1998), AIP 2. 98 3 (1). Ofcom 04 SFR(Spectrum Framework Review) 3,.

88 5 2 Spectrum Framework Review, ofcom 2004. 11. 4.5 Longer term use of market mechanisms In bands which are not set aside for licence exempt use and where there are no international restrictions, or other issues as set out earlier, Ofcom plans to make use of auctions, trading and liberalisation to provide market-led management of the spectrum. 96 ( ), RegTP(Regulatory Authority of Telecommunications and Post),,,.,. ( ) (1996) 10 ( ), ( ) (1996) 11 (1). 5 3 ( ) (1996) 10... 11 (1) 10, (4) (6)., (4) (6).

5 89 (4).,,,.. (6),. 47,. 1.. 2.. 3.,. 4., (2004) 55 9, 61 1. 5 4 (2004) 55 (9), 5, 61... 61 (1) 55 9, 5 6.. (5).,..

90 ACMA,, ( Chapter 3, Part 3.2, Division 1, Subdivision B 60(1)). 5 5 Subdivision B-Issuing spectrum licences 60. Procedures for allocating spectrum licences (1) The ACMA must determine, in writing, the procedures to be applied in allocating spectrum licences under this Subdivision: (a) by auction; or (b) by tender; or (c) by allocation for a pre determined price or a negotiated price. (2) The procedures for allocation by auction may, for example, deal with any of the following matters: (a) the types of auction; (b) advertising of auctions; (c) entry fees for prospective bidders; (d) reserve prices(if any); (e) deposits(if any) payable by successful bidders; (f) methods of payment for licences. (3) The procedures for allocation by tender may, for example, deal with any of the following matters: (a) the types of tender; (b) advertising of tenders; (c) entry fees for prospective tenderers; (d) reserve prices(if any); (e) the method for resolving which of 2 or more equal tenders is to be successful; (f) deposits(if any) payable by successful tenderers; (g) methods of payment for licences..,,,

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102 (3%) 3%. ( LBS, DMB, WiBro) IMT-2000 3%.,, IMT-2000. 2 05., (x) (y), (x + y) 3%. = + = x = y : :,. =1 x y : (x + y = 3/100) = :

2 103 2 2 ( ) ( ) ( : ) LBS 300 5 10. 3. 15. 3(5 ) 28 IMT LGT 800 20 11. 7. 21. 7(10 ) 2,514 KT 900 20 11. 7. 21. 7(10 ) 2,514 SKT 2.1 20 10. 5. 16. 12(6 7 ) 1,064

104 3 1 1. 93, (The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act)..,.,., (first-come first-served), (comparative hearing), (lottery). (first-come first-served). (comparative hearing).,,. 80 (lottery). 90 PCS, 93 FCC

3 105., ( ),,,. 3 1 1927 1940 1940 1993 1981 1993 1994 3 2 93 97 FCC ( ) 309 (j) ( ) FCC ( public safety radio services, DTV, non-commercial edycational and public broadcast stations ) PCS FCC 1990 (Notice of Inquiry) 1991 (Report and Order) 1992 (NPRM, Notice of Proposed Rule-making and Tentative Decision):,,

106 FCC NPRM, 1993 PCS PCS (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993) FCC (Section 309(j)) : 309 (j) ( : use of competitive bidding) (1) (j) (1 ) (2), (10). FCC 93 10 94 3 8 309 48) ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) 2. 94 7 (PCS ) 10 7 Closed Broadcast 78. 48)

3 107 PCS 13 17%, 52%. 06 9 AWS 08 3 700, PCS, 5%. 97 49) FCC (, ). 99 10 Closed Broadcast(Auction No. 25: 99. 9. 28 10. 8) 115 5,800. DTV. 3 3 ( 94. 7 10. 7) ( ) (%) (Held by FCC) ($) 1 PCS Narrowband Nation 10 29 0.00 617,006,674 61,700,667 94 2 IVDS 594 289 0.00 213,892,375 360,088 94 3 PCS Narrowband Region 130 28 0.00 392,706,797 3,020,821 94 4 PCS A&B Block 99 30 0.00 7,019,403,797 70,903,068 95 5 PCS C Block 493 255 0.00 10,071,708,842 20,429,429 96 6 MDS 493 155 0.00 216,239,603 438,619 96 7 900 SMR 1020 123 0.00 204,267,144 200,261 96 8 DBS(110W) 1 3 0.00 682,500,000 682,500,000 96 9 DBS(148W) 1 2 0.00 52,295,000 52,295,000 96 10 PCS Block C Reauction 18 32 0.00 904,607,467 50,255,970 96 11 PCS D, E, F Block 1479(1472) 153 0.47 2,517,439,565 1,702,122 97 12 Cellular Unserved 14 22 0.00 1,842,533 131,609 97 14 WCS 126 24 0.00 13,638,940 108,245 97 15 DARS 4 2 0.00 173,234,888 43,308,722 97 16 800 SMR 525(524) 62 0.19 96,232,060 183,299 97 17 LMDS 986(864) 139 12.37 578,663,029 586,879 98 18 220 908(693) 54 23.68 21,650,301 23,843 98 49) Balanced Budget Act(1997)

108 ( ) (%) (Held by FCC) ($) 20 VHF Public Coast 42(26) 8 38.10 7,459,200 177,600 98 21 LMS 528(239) 5 45.27 3,438,294 6,511 99 22 PCS 347(302) 57 12.97 412,840,945 1,189,743 99 23 LMDS 161 90 0.00 45,064,450 279,903 99 24 220 225(222) 18 1.33 1,924,950 8,555 99 25 Closed Broadcast 115 242 0.00 57,820,350 502,785 99 26 929 and 931 Paging 2499(985) 81 60.58 4,122,500 1,649 00 27 Broadcast 1 3 0.00 172,250 172,250 99 28 Broadcast 2 4 0.00 1,210,000 605,000 00 30 39 2175 35 0.00 410,649,085 188,804 00 32 AM Broadcast Stations 3 5 0.00 1,520,375 506,791 02 33 Upper 700 Guard 96 15 0.00 519,892,575 5,415,547 00 34 800 SMR General 1053(1030) 26 2.18 319,451,810 303,661 00 35 PCS C&F Block 422 87 0.00 16,857,046,150 39,945,606 01 36 800 SMR Lower 2800 28 0.00 28,978,385 10,349 00 37 FM Broadcast 288(258) 456 10.42 147,876,075 513,458 04 38 Upper 700 Guard 8 5 0.00 20,961,500 2,620,187 01 39 Public Coast & LMS 257(217) 7 0.00 1,144,755 4,454 01 40 Paging 15514(5323) 193 65.70 12,897,127 2,338 01 41 Narrowband PCS 365(317) 9 13.15 8,285,036 22,698 01 42 Multiple Address Sys 5104(878) 13 82.80 1,202,725 235 01 43 Multi Radio Service 27 7 0.00 1,548,225 57,341 02 44 Lower 700 band 740(484) 125 34.59 88,651,630 183,164 02 45 Cellular RSA 3 7 0.00 15,871,000 5,290,333 02 46 1670 1675 Band 1 2 0.00 12,628,000 12,628,000 03 48 Lower & Upper Paging 10202(2832) 104 72.24 2,445,608 239 03 49 Lower 700 Band 256(251) 56 2.00 56,815,960 221,937 03 50 Narrowband PCS 48 4 0.00 428,709 8,931 03 51 Narrowband PCS 5 2 0.00 134,250 26,850 03 52 Direct Broadcast Satellite 3 2 0.00 12,200,000 4,066,666 04 53 MVDDS 214(192) 14 10.28 118,721,835 554,774 04 54 Closed Broadcast 4 6 0.00 4,657,600 1,164,400 03 55 900 SMR 55 17 0.00 4,861,020 88,382 04 56 24 880(7) 3 99.20 216,050 245 04 57 AMTS 20(10) 4 50.00 1,057,365 52,868 04 58 Broadband PCS 242(217) 35 10.33 2,043,230,450 8,443,101 05 59 Multiple Address Systems 4226(2223) 31 47.40 3,865,515 914 05 60 Lower 700 Band 5 5 0.00 305,155 61,031 05 61 AMTS 10 7 0.00 7,094,350 709,435 05 62 FM Broadcast 171(163) 96 0.05 54,259,600 332880 06 63 MVDDS 22 3 0.00 133,160 6052 05

3 109 ( ) (%) (Held by FCC) ($) 64 TV 11(10) 8 0.09 23,367,850 2336785 06 65 800 Air Ground 2 2 0.00 38,339,000 19169500 06 66 AWS-1 1122(1087) 104 0.03 13,700,267,150 13405349 06 68 FM Broadcast 9 9 0.00 3,264,250 362,694 07 69 1.4 Bands 64 2 0.00 123,599,000 1,931,234 07 70 FM Broadcast 120(111) 60 0.08 21,301,175 191,902 07 71 Broadband PCS 38(33) 12 0.13 13,932,150 422,186 07 72 220 94(76) 5 0.19 185,416 2,439 07 73 700 Band 1099(1090) 101 0.08 18,957,582,150 17,392,277,20 08 77 Closed Cellular Unserved 1 1 0.00 25,002 25,002 08 78 AWS-1 and Broadband PCS 55(53) 16 3.64 23,565,000 444,623 08 79 FM Broadcast 122(85) 53 30.33 6,238,100 73,389 09 ( ) (%) (Held by FCC) ($) 80 Broadcast 1 11 0.00 18,798,000 18,798,000.00 00 81 LPTV 113(90) 39 0.30 834,600 9273 05 82 New Analog Television 4 11 0.00 5,025,250 1,256,312 02 85 LPTV 43(30) 19 0.30 173,350 5778 08 86 BRS 78(61) 10 0.22 20,701,000 339360 09 87 Lower & Upper Paging 9603(4714) 59 0.51 6,381,390 1353 10 88 Closed Broadcast 13 13 0.00 1,886,000 145076 10 : FCC(KISDI ) 2 1. 98,.... 98

110..,,. 98,... 00 IMT-2000.,. 50) 2. (AIP: Administered Incentive Price) 98.,,,.,,,,,.. Smith-NERA(1996) 1996 50) IMT-2000

3 111.. c 100..,.,,,. Indepen(2004)..., STU(Spectrum Tariff Unit) 1 1. (area sterilized),,, (national coverage). (modifier). STU STU(Standard Tariff Unit) / 1.65, STU 2 12.5 9,900.,,,,,,.,

112 PCS 0.9 PCS 0.7. 3 4 (modifier),, : RA, Spectrum Pricing: Five Years, a consultation document, 2002. 1. 98.. Indepen(2004) (spectrally efficient technologies),.. AIP.. Licence Charge Regulation. 11.

3 113 3 5 AIP 1. Aeronautical 5 13 AIP 3. Broadcasting( ) 4 13 or 2. Amateur and Citizens Band 2 2 4. Business Radio 5. Fixed Links Point to Point Fixed link = Spectrum price Bandwidth factor Band factor Path length factor Availability factor ( ) or ( ) or 6. Fixed Wireless Access AIP or (Point to Point Fixed Links ) 19 103 4 13 7. Maritime 9 11 8. Programme Making and Special Events 9. Public Wireless Networks : 2G (a) 142,560 for each 2 200 national channel in the 880.0 960.0 band. (b) 110,880 for each 2 200 national channel in the 1710.0 1880.0 band 10. Satellite Services ) = 433.4 (BW ijk P ijk MOD ijk) BW ijk: aggregated accessible transmit bandwidth( ) MOD ijk: Modifier Value of 0.5 P ijk: number of the Transmit Peak power(watts ) AIP or transmitter or or hub or fixed link or 8 15 or 6 82 ( ) 4 5 ( ) AIP(2 ) or (5 ) 7 7 11. Science and Technology AIP 2 2 or slot or or

114 3 6 (2004 ) 1998 Point-to Point Fixed Links; Private Business Radio Public Telecommunication Networks Cellular Radio Telephones; Public Mobile Data, Public Paging; Public Access Mobile Radio(PAMR) Common Base Stations(CBS) 1999 Fixed Point to Multipoint Scanning Telemetry, Satellite Earth Stations Fixed Wireless Access Programme Making and Special Event license 2000 Fixed Terrestrial Links Aeronautical Test and Development Licences Safety-of-Human-Life Discount and Payment by Instalment 2001 Permanent and Transportable Earth Stations 2002 Public Telecommunications Network Services UK General Private Business Radio(PBR) IR2008 Data Protocol and Private Mobile Road Construction licence Ship Radio licence 2003 Aeronautical Grand Station : RA, Implementation Spectrum Pricing,

3 115 3 7 (2004 ) Point to Point Fixed Links PMSE(Programme making and special events) Satellite Permanent Earth Stations Scanning Telemetry Business Radio Fixed Wireless Access Traded Licences(general) 5.8 FWA 3.6 4.2 FWA Jersey, Guernsey and Isle of Man Satellite Earth stations on Vessels, Earth stations on Aircraft, Earth stations for non fixed satellite services, Earth stations for non-geostationary services Terrestrial Broadcasting 1st consultation Statement Statutory consultation Pricing regulations in force 2004. 9 2005. 2 2005. 2 2005. 6 2004. 9 2005. 2 2005. 2 2005. 6 2004. 9, 2006. 6 2007. 7 Ship s Radio 2005. 2 2006. 7 2006. 11 2006. 12 RSA for Radio Astronomy 2005. 4 2005. 10 2006. 11 2007. 3 Amateur Radio 2005. 5 2006. 7 2006. 11 2006. 12 Citizen s Band 2006. 4 2006. 7 2006. 11 2006. 12 Satellite services 2006. 7 2007. 1 2007. 11 2008. 2 Business Radio 2006. 7 2007. 11 2008. 6 2008. 12 Community Radio Community self-help television relay Self Co-ordinated Links(71 76 and 81 86 ) Point to Point Fixed Links PMSE(Programme making and special events) Public Wireless Networks(Channel Islands and Isle of Man) Science and Technology Government and emergency services- National Public Safety(Airwave) : Ofcom, Policy Evaluation Report: AIP, 2009. 7. 2006. 7 2007. 1 2007. 5 2007. 8

116 3 1. (ANFR),. (ART) (Ministre de l Economie, des Finances et de l Industrie:) 33 1 2,. Redevance, 29.7. (de mise à disposition, ) (de gestion),.. (de mise à disposition). 2. 51) (Fixed),,, 2G 3G 51) Décret n 2007-1532 du 24 octobre 2007(Décret n 2009-948 du 29 juillet 2009)

3 117, (ARCEP)..,. 3 8 (Redevance) ) L = ( ) ) bf = ) lb = Point Point ) es = ( Point to Point ) ) a = ) c = ( ( ) / ( )) ) k1, k2, k3, k4 = 2009 12 : k1=15.5, k2=2.745, k3=15.5, k4=1,050 ) bf, lb, es, a, k1, k2, k3, k4 = (du ministre chargé des communications électroniques) 1) (bf) (bf). 3 9 (bf) (bf) 29.7 54 1 68 87.5 1 146 174 1 406.1 410 1 410 430 1 440 450 1

118 (bf) 450 470 1 1375 2290 8.7 1518 1675 ( ) 8.7 1970 2690 ( ) 8.7 3400 4200 3.3 3400 7025 ( ) 2.2 5725 7110 2.2 7110 8500 1.6 10.5 12.75 1.2 12.75 15.35 1 10.7 14.5 ( ) 1 17.3 20.2 0.7 17.3 30 ( ) 0.6 21.2 23.6 0.6 24.25 33.4 0.5 37.5 0.3 2) (c) (c). 3 10 (c) ( )( ) (c) 300,000 1 125,000 300,000 0.75 30,000 125,000 0.5 8,000 30,000 0.25 800 8,000 2 0.1 80 800 0.03 20 80 0.01 20 0.005

3 119. (Fixed) 1) Point to Point = A + B A( ) = ( )(L) (bf) (lb) (es) k1 B( ) = ( )(L) (bf) (a) (c) k1 2) Point to Multipoint(Wireless Local Loop) = ( )(L) (bf) (c) k2 (de SainT-Pierre-eT-Miquelon et Mayottew ) = 23 ( ) ( )(L) SainT-Pierre-eT-Miquelon et Mayottew = 7.7 ( ) ( )(L). (Fixed) (Mobile) 1) (d une station terrienne du service fixe par satellite) = A + B A( ) = ( )(L) (bf) k3 B( ) = ( )(L) (a) k3 2) (d une station terrienne du service mobile par satellite) = B B( ) = ( )(L) (a) k3

120. 1) Service Independent Network = A + B A( ) = ( )(L) (bf) (c) k4 B ( ) = 2) (RMU) 42 1 (L42-1). 52),. 3. 900 (880 915 /925 960 ), 1.8 (1,710 1,785 /1,805 1,880 ), 2.1 (1,900 1,980 /2,110 2,170 ), 2.1 3G, 900 1.8 2G 3G. (d une part fixe) (d une part variable),., 52) 42 1, (ARCEP), (Décret)

3 121 12 31 1.. 1) 2.1 48,000 (d une part fixe) + (turnover) 1%(d une part variable) 2) 900 1,068 (d une part fixe) + (turnover) 1%(d une part variable) 3) 1.8 571 (d une part fixe) + (turnover) 1%(d une part variable) 900 1.8 06 1 1 3G. (turnover) 7. 53) ( ) 3 ( :, ) ( : ),. 53)

122 4 1.,,.,,..,.,,.,,,., /, /,..,. ITU,,.

3 123 2. 1 2. /.., ( ),,. / 03.,,,,, 7.,,.,, /,,,,

124. 05 10,, LAN, TV, RFID, UWB ITS 5. /,,. 3 3, ( ). /. / Action Plan 05 12, /. Action Plan. 05 11.,,,..,. 3.. 3 1,

3 125, ( 10 )., a DB b. 3 2 [ 전파이용공익비용 ] 1 종합무선국감리시스템의비용의일부 2 원칙, 모든전파이용료사무비용 (1 이외의비용 ) 데이터량에비례하는비용. 무선국구분에따라다양함 (a 群 ) 균등배분하는비용 예 방송국등 : 23,262 円기지국등 : 4,989 円간이무선국등 : 86 円 모든무선국공통금액 (b 群 ) 해당비용 면허를받은무선국수 부과금액 =(A)+(B) 3 3 기존금액 (2004년) 세입 : 약 550억엔세출 : 약 580억엔 ( ) 기술시험사무약 85 억엔 확대 현행 (2005~2007 년평균 ) 약 640 억엔 이동전화등음영지역해소약 30 억엔 전파자원확대를위한연구개발등약 170 억엔 [a 群 ] 새로운산정방식 징수총액약 200 억엔 전파감시무선국데이터베이스아날로그변환등약 495 억엔 효율화 차액 30 억엔잉여금으로충당 전파감시무선국데이터베이스아날로그변환등약 440 억엔 [b 群 ] 기존산정방식 징수총액약 440 억엔

126 93 3.,,. 3, a, b,,,,,. 3 11 ( : ) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 404.3 451.1 503.6 535.8 552.4 618.9 640.3 659.4 673.6 685.5 404.3 524.2 525.8 577.3 579.9 616.8 639.8 659.4 673.6 685.5 3 12 ( ) ( ) (, 50% )

3 127, (, 50% ). ( 80%).

128 4 1.,,. ( 1)?..,.

4 129 ( 2)? 1,. 2G, FA 2.5 3G 5, 4G 40. 1,. ( 3)?.,.,,,. ( 4)?

130.,. ( 5)?. ( ),. 2 ( 1)? (,,

4 131 ),,..,...... ( 2)? = 0.,...

132 ( 3)?.... ( 4)?.,.,. ( 5)? ( 4)..,, 2.

4 133 ( 6)?. 3....,...,.,.

134 5 1.. 3%.. 2 1..

5 135., 700.. 10. 5 800 20 2,514 20/250 700 60 20 20/(250 + 60),,.. ( ).. 700 AWS 900...

136..,...... 2... =..

5 137. 1 IMT-2000 1. 1. 1.. y%.. y%......,,., x y x, y. 1.

138 3 ( ),, ( ), x y x+y.. 5 1 (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) * x+y 3% 1 1 x+y

5 139 x y x+y 3% x+y

140 6 1.,.,,.,..,.. 1:. IMT-2000, 2G 4G 3G ( ).. ( ).

6 141 6 1 ( ) ( 3) 1.. + 1.( ) 2.. x 2.. x 3.. y 3.( )...... 2:

142. 700 4G.,. 6 2 ( 3) 2.. x 2.. x 6. ( ) 6. 2,. 1.5, 0.5......

6 143 3: ( )... 6 3 = + = x ( ) x x = x (y%). 3-1:. = = = = : : (= / )

144 :,, : ( : ) 1)..,,.,. 2).,.,.. 3-2: ) ( 3 1), ) ( 3 1),..

6 145 = = = (x%) = 1) ( 3 1). ( 3 1) ( ).,. 2) ( 3 1)... 3 3: ( 3 2)..

146 = (w1 x ) + (w2 x ) 2 2 5 5 10 10 15 15 w1 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1 w2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 = = (x%) = 1) ( ) ( 3 1). ( 4 2).. 2) ( 3 1) ( 3 2). 2., x y x, y

6 147. 1:x y 3% x y %. x y. 6 4 ( 3) 3. 2 3 x y. x y 100 3. 3. 2 3 x y. x y 100 3., 100 3. x y. 100 3. 2: x y y%.

148 6 5 ( 3) 3. 2 3 x y. x y 100 3. 3. 2 3 x y. x y 100 3., x y.. 3%. 3:.. (Bidding credits) (Designated entities) 3 1,500 4,000 small business 15%, 1,500 very small business 25%

6 149 6 6 ( 3) 2.. x 2.. x (1 ) 6. ( ) 6. 2. 0.25...

150 7 1 (, PCS), TRS, 9 25 2011 6. PCS TRS,, ( 10 6 30 )., PCS,. 11 6, 11 1 24.,. 11 (2011 1 24 ) 11 ( ) 10 1., 3. 16 (2011 1 24 ) 16 ( ).,.

7 151 800 30, 1.8 20 40. SKT 800 30, KT LGU+ 1.8 40 20, KT, 20, 2G 3G 40. 10 4 KT 900 20 1.8 40 20 ( 10 6 30 ), 08 KT 1.8., 1.8 KT 20 (LGU+) 40 (KT 20, LGU+ 20 )., 3 11 2., PCS., ( 10 5 ) (800 /900 /2.1 )., PCS ( ). 2 05,., (x), (y) (x+y) 3%., ( ),, x y,,

152. 3 = + = (x) = (y) : : ( =1) x y : (x+y=3/100) : : ( ) 3 (2010 5 ) (2010 5 ) 800 /900, 2.1 800 /900, 20, 2.1 20. (2G/3G/4G), WiBro. (Bass ). 18 65 1050 (2G 600, 3G 400, 50 ) 35 (, 30, 5 ).

7 153 7 1 ( : ) 10 11 12 13 14 15 48,452 49,582 50,534 51,331 51,992 52,535 16 17 18 19 20 21 52,975 53,327 53,605 53,821 53,986 54,102 ARPU ARPU,. 7 2 ( :, ) 10 11 12 13 14 15 ARPU 40.7 40.6 40.3 40.2 40.4 40.7 226,360 232,158 237,086 241,214 244,665 247,511 16 17 18 19 20 21 ARPU 40.5 40.2 40.1 40.4 40.6 40.5 249,835 251,703 253,190 254,356 255,257 255,919 800 /900 10 ( 11 7 21 6 ), 2.1 6 7 ( 10 5 16 12 ). 800 /900 10, 2.1 6 7. 7 3 ( ) 800 10 2011. 7 2021. 6 900 10 2011. 7 2021. 6 2.1 6 7 2010. 5 2016. 12

154 x y,, x y 1.4: 1.6. x x. 800 /900 /2.1 0.333. 7 4 ( ) ( ) 800 20 60 0.333 900 20 60 0.333 2.1 20 60 0.333, (α). α = (60 ) (250 ) = 0.24 (60 ) = 20 (800 ) + 20 (900 ) + 20 (2.1 ) (250 ) = 50 (800 ) + 20 (900 ) + 60 (1.8 ) + 120 (2.1 ) 800 /900 1, 2.1 0.7. 4 1.,.

7 155 ( ) (2011 7 ).,,. ( ). 2.. 09 4 5, ( 09 11 ). ARPU. 10 1 ARPU 49,611 31,227 1.6 (, ).. ( 1) 1),. 2),.

156. ( 2) ARPU 1),. 2)., 3,.. ( 3) 1) ARPU,. 2) ( 2),.. ( 1).,. 3.,. KT 1.8 40 20, 40. KT

7 157. 2.1 20 40 60,.. ( 1) ( ) 1),,,. 2.1 20. 2),..( 2) ( ) 1),. 2),., 10 7 WiBro 2.3 30. ( ),.., ( ) ( 1).,.

158 (2010. 4), 2009. (2009),,, 2009. 12. (2002),,, 2002. 2. (2000),,, 2000. 12. (2009),,, 2009. 12. (2007),,, 2007. 12. (2006),,, 2006. 6. (2010),, 2010-01. (2008. 8),, 2008 (2010. 1), (2009),, 2009. 12. KISDI(2008), 2007,, 2008. 12. KISDI(2009), 2008,, 2009. 12. Research International(2009),,, 09-13, 2009. 8.

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160 Juniper research(2010). Mobile Cloud Applications & Services, 2010. 1. Legifrance, http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/home.jsp Merrill Lynch(2009), Global Wireless Matrix, 2009. 4. Morgan Stanley(2009). The Mobile Internet Report, 2009. 12. 15. National Economic Research Associates Economic Consultants and Smith System Engineering Ltd, Study into the use of Spectrum Pricing, 1996. 4. Norton, J. A., Bass, F. M., A diffusion theory model of adoption and substitution for successive generations of high-technology products, Management Sci., Vol.33, No.9, pp.1069 1086, 1987. OECD(2009), The Evolution of News and the Internet, OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. Ofcom, Policy Evaluation Report: AIP, 2009. 7. PricewaterhouseCoopers(2009), Global Entertainment and Media Outlook: 2009 2013, Newspaper Publishing. RA, Implementation Spectrum Pricing, 1998 2003. Spulber, D. & Yoo, C(2009), Networks in Telecommunications, Cambridge University Press ZenithOptimedia(2009), ADVERTISING EXPENDITURE FORECASTS Zinio(2010), http://gb.zinio.com Wall Street Journal, (2010. 8. 13), Cable Firms Eyes Tablet Space, 2010. 8. 13. WAN-IFRA(2009), Shaping the Future of the Newspaper: The Power of Print. Wlater Enders, Applied Econometric Time Series, 2nd Ed., 2004. http://www.arcep.fr/index.php?id=1 www.futureofthenewspaper.com http://www.arg.co.kr http://www.isuppli.com http://www.guardian.co.uk

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